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PUBLIC PAPERS
OF
GEORGE CLINTON
FIRST GOVERNOR OF NEW YORK,
1777-1795—1801-1804.
MILITARY — Vol. I.
WITH AN INTEODrCTION BY
HUGH HASTINGS, State Historian.
PUBLISHED BY THE STATE OP NEW itORK.
AS APPENDIX " N " — THIKD ANNTJAL EEPOET OF THE STATE HISTOKIaN.
WYNKOOP HALLENBECK CRAWFORD CO.,
STATE PRINTERS,
NEW YORK AND ALBANY.
1899.
TABLE OF CONTENTS.
INTRODUCTION.
The Clinton Papers — How and When the State Secured Posses-
sion of them — Originally Calendared by George W. Clinton —
The Archives of the State — ^Conveyed to Boston in 1688 —
Disappearance of a Number of Valuable Records Relating to
the Administration of Peter Stuyvesant — TIhe Autograph
thief in evidence One Hundred and Fifty Years Ago — Wan-
derings of the Records During the Revolutionary War — The
Work of Compiling, Printing and Indexing them — De Witt
Clinton Arouses Public Interest in their Preservation. 3-14
The Clintons a Family of Soldiers — Memorable Voyage of the
" George and Anne " — George Clinton's Early Life — Begins
his Career as a Sailor — Distinguished Military Careers of
George and James — Administration of the Affairs of the
Colony — The Lords of Trade — The Council and the General
Assembly 15-20
:Soeiety in England 1760-1775 — Corruption in Political and Degra-
dation in Private Life — George Third's Great Opportunity —
Baneful Influence of the Princess Dowager and Bute — Will-
iam Pitt, the Great Commoner — Characteristics — ^His Vanity
— His Coalition with the Duke of Newcastle — His Downfall —
Grenville and the Stamp Act ' 21-28
"The Stamp Act — Its Inception — The Albany Convention of 1754 —
The Storm Burst Ten Years Later — English Statesmen Blind
to the Situation — The Good Nature of the Americans Imposed
Upon — Franklin Protests against the Stamp Act — Samuel
Adams's Resolutions — Col. Barre's Friendship for America —
Patrick Henry — Virginia Favors Submission — Henry's Reso-
.^, y ^ / /
iv Table of Contknts. '■
PAGBSi.
lutions — Riotous Demonstrations in Boston — Major James's
Foolish Threat in New Yoric — Gov. Colden's TJnconciliatory
Policy — Tumult in New York — Repeal of the Stamp Act — The
Billeting Act — New York's Critical Situation — Colonies Drift-
ing to War — The Sons of Liberty and their Liberty Pole —
Soldiers and Citizens Clash— The Battle of Golden Hill— The
iSeveral Battles over the Liberty Pole 29-54
John Peter Zenger and his New York Weekly Journal — The Ris-
ing Star of American Independence — John Wilkes and the
" North Briton " — Its Historical Number " Forty-five " — Ar-
rest and Persecution of Wilkes — The Populace Support him
— Thomas Paine — His Remarkable Career — Early American
Newspapers — James Rivington — Tribulations of American
Editors during the War 55-64
Independence not Considered up to the Outbreak of the Revolu-
tion— New York's Strong Sentiment for England — Her Char-
acteristics— A Colony of Aristocrats — John Adams's Descrip-
tion of New York in August, 1774 — Development of the Epis-
copal Church— Early Churches in New York — The Women —
Favorite Literature — Theatrical Entertainment — The Cost of
Living — New York Becomes an English Garrison Town —
Sufferings of Captors and Prisoners for the Common Neces-
saries of Life — An Old Tavern Ordinance 65-88
The Prohibition against Importing Gunpowder — Lord Dunmore's
Order to Captain Collins — Patrick Henry's Ai^med Demon-
stration— Dunmore Surrenders — The Differences between the
Delegates to the First Continental Congress — Influence of
Harvard College upon Early American Thought — The Sturdy
Puritan and the Hardy Anglo-Saxon — John Adams's Opinion
of New Yorkers and Philadelphians — George Clinton as the
Representative of the People — John Jay's Historical Address
— Clinton's Command Enlarged — The Council of Safety —
George Clinton Elected as the Pirsit Governor and Lieuten-
ant Governor of the State — The First Session of the State
Legislature — Poughkeepsie Becomes the Capital of the
State 89-100
Table of Contents, v
PAGES.
"The Militia — Discontentment — Ttie Average Soldier Knew his
Rights — His Farm and his Country — His Grievances not
without Justification — Pay Small, Food Scarce and Women
left to Manage the Farm — Disparity in Pay between the Con-
tinental and State Authorities — Hamilton Points out a Griev-
ance— Washington's Appointment to the Command of the
Army — The Original Organization of the Army — Destitute
Condition of the Colonies at the Outbreak of Hostilities —
Helplessness of the General StafC — The Army Ration — A Dis-
couraging Outlook 101-138
Burgoyne Selected to Command the British Army of Invasion —
Strength of his Army — Gen. Herkimer and the Battle of
Oriskany — Gansevoort's Defense of Fort Schuyler (formerly
Fort Stanwix) — Col. Willet's Sortie — Three Memorable Epi-
sodes— Evacuation of Ticonderoga — Schuyler's Soldierly Re-
treat— Albany the Base of Supplies — Philip Schuyler, Soldier
and Patriot — Washington's Confidence in him — Schuyler's
' Methods for Retarding Burgoyne's Progress — Succeeded by
Gates — St. Leger's Siege of Fort Schuyler — His Retreat and
Flight— The Battle of Bennington — The Defences of the
Highlands — George Clinton in Command' — The Advance on
Forts Clinton and Montgomery — The Assault — The Fall 139-156
Semus Heights a Drawn Battle — Burgoyne as an Influential
Member of Parliament — His Abilities, his Hopes and his
Blunders — Gen. Washington's Comment — Saratoga one of the
Fifteen Decisive Battles of the World — Burgoyne Returns to
Parliament and Opposes the King — His Defense — New York
Relieved of the Presence of Large Standing Armies — How
the English Subsidized the Indians — Indians and Tories Re-
main in Canada for two Years — They Join Burgoyne's Army
— Desolation of New York's Frontier — Cherry Valley — Scho-
harie— Gen. Sullivan's Successful Expedition against Brant —
James Clinton one of his Lieutenants 157-166
Ti Table of Contknts.
PAGE Si,
Whigs and Tories — Confiscation of Property — Alexander Hamil-
ton and the Trespass Act^— The Articles of Confederation —
Their Worthlessness — Nine States Control the Destiny of the
Country — Relationship of the State to the Union — Helpless
Condition of the Counti-y Financially — Contemptuous Dis-
regard of the Authority of Congress — England Refuses to
Surrender the Northwestern Military PostS' — Demand for a
Strong Centralized Government—" Great Britain our Best
Friend " — Washington's Opinion of the Articles — Jealousy be-
tween the States and the Nation — Washington's Pessimism. . 167-174
Obscurity of the Origin of Political Parties — Loyalists and
Tories — A Revolution within our Country's own Borders —
States' Rights — George Clinton's Great Influence' in New
York — Centralization and Democracy — Three Great Men,
Clinton, Hamilton and Gouverneur Morris — The First General
Impost — Opposed by Clinton — New York Concedes her Rev-
enue to the Federal Government — Clinton Refuses to Call
the Legislature together in Extraordinary Session — His
Reasons — Retaliation against England 175-182
George Clinton as a Man of Action — His Prominence during the
Daniel Shays Rebellion and the Doctors' Riot in New York —
Washington's Confidence in him and Friendship for him —
Honors Bestowed upon him by the People of his State — His
Record as Governor and Vice President— His Death at Wash-
ington iss-isa-
Correspondence of George Clinton 191-85T
DETAILED TABLE OF CONTENTS.
MSS. VOL. I, GEORGE CLINTON PAPERS.
PAGES.
Eev. Dr. Livingston to George Clinton in Congress, urging the
appointment of a Continental Fast 193-194
Early Days of the "War in New York — Defences of the Hudson —
Colonists Capture Munitions of "War 194-197
William Smith Sends his Compliments to George Clinton 197
The Colonists Lose 1500 pounds of Saltpetre 198
Colonists by no means United — Pacificatory Tactics toward the
English — Rumors of two American Republics 199-200
A Batch of Domestic and Political News from Christopher
Tappen 201-202
Making War on Tories — Seizure of Stores at Turtle Bay by a
Connecticut Armed Sloop. 203-204
Too Late for Gen. Gage — Arrival of a Transport filled with
Troops the Day the Battle of Bunker Hill was fought 204-205
Mr. McKesson is Impatient — He Rails at Delays, Criticises Opera-
tions and Appeals for Bounties for the Troops 206
Sympathy from Bermuda — Fear of Famine and British Cruisers
Renders the People of the Island Circumspect 207-208
George Clinton introduces Mr. White, of New Jersey, to Gen.
Washington 208-209
Washington as Commander-in-Chief — List of Subordinate Gen- i
erals — Estimated Population of the Several Colonies 209^-211
As to Certain Military Appointments 211-212
<jreorge Clinton Introduces Maj. Hampton to Col. Thomas Miff-
lin 212
A Flash of Private Business 212-213
Congratulations for George Clinton's Recovery from Illness 214
viii Detailed Table of Contents-
pages.
Another Letter Relating to the Same Subject. ..../. 215
The Militia Appears on the Scene — Gen. Clinton Complains to
Gen. Heath of Lack of Provisions and Conduct of the
Enemy 216-217
Gen. Clinton Spurs Col. De Witt 217
' Colonel Greaton Instructed on the Manner of Quartering Troops . 218
Original Return of Election of George Clinton and Charles De
Witt as Delegates from Ulster County to Provincial
Assembly 218^219
Form of Mortgage — ^Joiin Belknap to George Clinton 219-224
Limitations of a Court Martial • 224r-225
Col. Nicoll's Reason for not Sending the Barge 225
Iron for American Frigates under Construction at Poughkeepsie . . 225-226
Capt. Moffat makes Requisition for more Officers to Form a Court
Martial 226-227
Relative to the Command in the Highlands 227
A Question of Rank Leads Capt. De Witt to threaten Mutiny 228
Capt. John Crage also in a State of Rebellion 228-229
Col. McOlaghry Explains 229-230
A Bill of Sale of Crops on the Ground 230-231
George Clinton Requests Richard Van Wyck to Account for
Arms taken at St. Johns, Canada '. 231-232
George Clinton Explains the Episode to Gen, Washington 232-233
Qualifications Physical and Moral Necessary for the Position of
Post Rider ' 233-234
Active Politics and Alleged Dishonesty in the Postal Service 234-236
Craft by George Clinton of Letter of New York Delegates in
Congress to New York Convention, as to the Appointment of
Officers of the New Levies 236-238
Draft by George Clinton of Letter of New York Delegates in
in New York— Officers Seeking Promotion— The Disaster in
Canada 239-241
Reinforcements for Canada— Gen. Clinton Disapproves of the
Manner in Which Officers Were to be Appointed for the New
Regiment 241-242
Detailed Table of Contents. ix
PAGES.
The First Issue on State's Rights — Several New York Delegates
Take the Position that the State Rather than the Federal
Authorities Should Appoint State Regimental Officers 242r-244
Importance of Holding the Hudson — Discovery of the Tryon
Tory Plot in New York City, and what followed. 244^-217
Specimen of a Spurious Pass 247
Col. James Clinton Suggests Fire Rafts ; 247-248
Reinforcements Ordered Without Delay to Fort Montgomery .... 248
Alarm at Fort Constitution over the Approach of the Enemy to
Peekskill 249
The Defence of the Hudson — George Clinton's Energetic Steps to
Prepare for the Enemy ........". 249'-250
George Clinton Orders Capt. Moffat to march Fifty Men to
Haverstraw 250-251
Clinton Reports to Washington — The Situation in the Highlands
and the Means Devised to Resist the Enemy 251-253
Ordinance of New York Convention, as to Magistrates, Allegi-
ance and Treason 253-254
Jacobus Van Zandt Promises Gen. Clinton his Fire Rafts and a
Whale Boat 254-255
The ISJilitia Called Out — Conditions Under Which they Served and
the Bounty Paid them for Defence of the Hudson River. . . . 255-258
Two Tories sent to the Guard House at Fort Montgomery.... 259
Orders to Orange County for Troops to relieve the Garrison at
Fort Montgomery 259
How the Levies were made — Col. Hay's Instructions Relative to
the Protection of Haverstraw 259-261
Colonel Hay writes George Clinton in Regard to the Protection
of Haverstraw and the Hudson .i 261-262
Orders to Captain Moffat to remove Provisions, Cattle, Sloops
&c. on the Haverstraw Shore, beyond Reach of the Enemy. . 262-263
Dissatisfaction Among the Militia 263-264
Theodore Sedgwick, Brigade Major, makes a Requisition for Car-
tridges, or Powder and Ball, to be sent to Peekskill 264r-265
X Detailed Table of Contents.
PAGES.
George Clinton notifies Colonel Van Cortland and Others that
he cannot meet the Requisition aslied for in Major Sedgwick's
Letter 265-266
An Order to bring in certain delinquent Militiamen to Fort
Montgomery 266
Captain Moffat Claims to be the Ranking Captain in his Regi-
ment 266-267
Orders for the Fort Montgomery Garrison — Necessity for Com-
pleting Fortifications — Instructions for the Advanced
Guards and for Policing the Post 267-270
The Case of John Green and Peter Buckstaff — Arrested as De-
serters and Accused by Major Logan of Being Spies 270-271
Peter Buckstaff's Testimony ,. . 271-272
Major Logan's Accusation 272-273
The Historic Chain Across the Hudson — Mr. Van Zandt's
Reasons for Placing It at West Point Rather than at Fort
Montgomery 273-275
Washington writes to Gen. Clinton Relative to the Defences of
the Hudson 275-277
Hezekiah Howell, Jr., Protests Against his Arrest 277
Capt. James Humphrey Issues an Order and Gives a List of his
Company 278-279
Brigadier-Generals from New York Required to make Complete
Returns of the Condition of their Brigades 279
Capt. Dorland Ordered to Protect the Eastern Shore of the Hud-
son between Peekskill and King's Ferry 280-281
Colonel Thomas Jansen Writes to George Clinton in Regard to
Discontent of New Levies with their Officers 281
The General's Reply 281-282
George Clinton to Washington— A Careful and Exhaustive Re-
port of the Situation in the Highlands— With the Plans for
Protecting the Hudson River 282-288
George Clinton to Major Logan, as to Defence of West Shore
of the Hudson , . . , 288-289
George Clinton Orders Major Cuyler to Protect the West Shore
of the Hudson 280-290
Detailed Table of Contents. xi
PAGES.
Oomplaints Against the Militia for Misbehavior 290
€olonel Hasbroucli Ordered to Discharge his Troops with Thanlts. 291
George Clinton to the Ulster County Committee Touching the
Condition of his Brigade 291-292
Two Letters Affecting Leather for Cartridge Boxes 292-293
Abstract of Returns and Pay of Colonel Hasbrouck's Regiment. . 293-294
Mr. George Shaw Indites Another Epistle to Gen. Clinton and
Prefers Charges against Lieut. Horton. 294
George Clinton Instructs Colonels Snyder and Hornbeck Relative
to Raising Recruits 295
George Clinton takes up George Shaw's Charges against Lieu-
tenant Horton 296
General Clinton Invited to Blend Military and Legislative Duties.. 296-297
George Clinton Resents George Shaw's Efforts to Delay Lieuten-
ant Horton's Trial 297-298
In Command of the Lower River Counties-r-Act of New York
Convention at Harlem, Appointing George Clinton Com-
mander of all the Forces between King's Bridge and
Poughkeepsie 298-299
Colonel Snyder Writes to George Clinton, and Intimates a
Mutinous Spirit Among the Militia 299-300
General Clinton Orders Col. Jansen to Proceed to Peekskill with
his New Levies 301
"Col. Nicoll Ordered to Fort Montgomery, Col. Cuyper to Command
at Haverstraw 301-302
Lieutenant-Colonel Cuyper's Orders 302-303
Major Thompson Placed in Command of Fort Independence. . . . 303-304
Brigadier-General Morris Ordered to Aid in Forwarding the New
Levies to Kingsbridge 304
Brigadier-General Ten Broeck Ordered to do Likewise 305
Colonel Woodhull Ordered to March his New Levies to Kings
Bridge .- ; . . . . 305-306
>Capt. Salisbury Ordered to Go with His Troop of Horse to Haver-
straw, and to Establish Posts at Tarrytown and at Pierre
Van Cortlandt's 306-307
xii Detailed Table of Cont'ents.
PAGES.
The General's Mother-in-Law Remembers Him. SOT
Instructions to Lieut. Machin in the Construction of the Works
at Anthony's Nose 30S
A Genuine Patriot 308^309>'
Colonel Thomas Ordered to March His Regiment Forthwith to
Kings Bridge 309^
Christopher Tappen Doubtful Whether He Will Be Able to At-
tend a Great Official Function 300-310
Gen. CUnton directed to protect and recover exposed cannon .... 310
To Lieutenant-Colonel Cuyper, ordered from Haverstraw to
Kings Bridge 811
Major Thompson ordered to push to completion the works in the
Highlands 311-312-
A Gossipy letter from Robert R. Livingston to George Clinton. .. 312-314
Family gossip from Peter Tappen to Gen. Clinton 314-315>
Military operations suspended to give the militia an opportunity
to care for their crops 315-31©
Military and farming operations in the Highlands 316-31T
Major Thompson reports to George Clinton, in regard to the works
at Anthony's Nose and the troops there 317-318
Major Thompson's morning report August 20, 1776 31S
Col. Allison resents imputations and lays down the military law . . 31&-320
James Hamilton's account as Commissary at Haverstraw 320'
General Clinton reluctant to discharge Major Hendrick V. Ver-
bryck 321
The Troubles of Commodore Wynkoop — Ordered in arrest by Gen.
Gates for standing up for his military rights 321-32S
Col. Joseph Drake mildly disciplined 32S
After the Battle of Brooklyn — Gen. Clinton issues an order warn-
ing the Colonels in his brigade to be ready to march their
regiments at a moment's notice 328-329i"
Gen. Clinton receives seven thousand pounds for bounty money
for his troops 329^31
A cavalry detachment to be used as scouts at Kings Bridge and
vicinity 3313
Detailed Table of Contents. xiii
PAGES.
Hounding up dispersed and disbanded militia 332
Testimony of a deserter relative to the Hessians and Bruns-
wickers 332-333
The British occupy the American works on Long Island. 333-334
Remonstrance to George Clinton of the officers of Colonel Morris
Graham's regiment against the appointment of Dr. William
Forman as surgeon .<. 334-335
"Gilbert Tippet's seditious talk 336
Progress of work in the Highlands 336-337
Military movement — General Clinton carefully watching the Eng-
lish Army after the Battle of Brooklyn — The patriotism of
Col. Ferris 338-342
Dr. Tappen's gossipy family letter 342-343
<jren. Clinton goes on a scout — And gathers a few facts concern-
ing the enemy's movements on the East River 343-345
Proposition for a hospital in Haverstraw 345^46
General Clinton sends two spies to the State Convention. ....... 346
Rather wild statements by Messrs. Treadwell and Ludlum 347-348
An order that came too late — The British in possession of New
York when the time arrived to execute it. 348-349
Mr. Reilly avoids apprehension 349-350
'Commissions for Lieutenant Colonel Thompson, and Major Mott,
and 42 blank commissions for Gen. George Clinton........ 350
The retreat from Long Island — Together with George Clinton's
report on the evacuation of New York and the Battle of Har-
lem Heights 351-354
Military post offices established .... 354-355
Colonel Nicoll on the situation 355-356
•Colonists cheerful in spite of recent disasters. 356
A private and domestic epistle from John Du Bois. ............. 357
Dr. Tappen writes of late events and family news. ... 358
Family news from John McKesson 358-359
Protection against Tories — The New York Convention appoints a
committee to look out for conspiracies against the people 359-362
Touching fire sloops and deserters 362-363
xiv Detailed .Table of Contents.
PAGEff,
Dr. Tappen makes a report concerning the Fort Montgomery gar-
rison 363:
A malicious rumor against Lord Stirling — John Young's earnest
language to Gen. George Clinton over the patriot's cause —
Danger of the people on the frontier from Indians 364-3'65
Confidential news from John McKesson 365-S67
Churlish conduct of Mr. Boyd toward Mrs. Clinton 307-368
Henry Wisner deplores the cowardly conduct of his cousin, John
Wisner, to Gen. Clinton 368-368'
D. Wynkoop, Jr., notifies George Clinton, that the back settlers of
Ulster fear the Indians 369
George Clinton orders Lieutenant-Colonel Henry B. Livingston
to gather in the men of Colonel Smith's command 370
Which touches the General's mill and family 370-871
Lieutenant-Colonel Hulbert's account of expenses at New Haven,
with vouchers 371-373
James Jackson to George Clinton, relative to business matters. . . 373-374
Detail of guards in Gen. Clinton's command 374
Touching the estate of John Macaulay 374-375
Concentrating against the British advance — Reinforcing the
troops at Peekskill and orders to the up river militia to be
ready to move at a mom.ent's notice 375-376^
The English ships run by our defences and reach Dobb's Ferry. . 376-377
Dr. Tappen sends George Clinton his sword but retains his pistols
for prudential reasons 377-378
The Tory Committee produces good results 378-379
Patriotism versus post riding 379
The Rev. John Close discloses his ideas of the war and incident-
ally alludes to a lost handkerchief 380-S81
Recommendations for promotions 381
John Sloss Hobart writes patriotically > 382
Adjutant-General Reed tumbles Col. Thomas out of his quarters. 382-383
Conch shells as a danger signal — Methods of the Tories to discon-
cert the plans of the Colonists 383-384
Colonel Allison alludes to Arnold's Defeat on Lake Champlain... 384-885-
Detailed Table of Contents. xv
PAGES.
The Situation in the North 385-388
James Jackson to George Clinton, a dunning letter 388-389
George Clinton orders Lieutenant-Colonel Tupper to send down
boats to Kings Bridge 389
Lieutenant-Colonel Tupper reports difficulties in the way of ex-
ecuting orders 390
George Clinton reports his intention of falling back on Dobbs
Ferry to protect stores 390
Successful crusades against Tories 391
Concentrating at White Plains — The enemy advancing and our
army drawn up to receive them 391-392
Charles De Witt anxious over the barracks at Kings Bridge 392-393
John McKesson questions the wisdom of the position of the
American Army at White Plains 393-394
Colonel Morris Graham put in ari'est 394
Military operations in the North — John McKesson further de-
velops his plan of campaign 395-397
Difficulties in the way of providing for the sick 397-398
Troubles of a quartermaster 398-399
Discomforts of war — George Clinton predicts more deaths from
disease than from fighting — Disclaims knowledge of the re-
fined art of war 399-401
The King's speech to Parliament — His Majesty deplores the re-
bellious conduct of the Colonies, gives assurance of amity
from several European courts and alludes to the great ex-
pense of conducting the war to the Commons 402-404
The big chain nearly ready — John McKesson offers a few sugges-
tions relative to the fortifications in the Highlands 404-406
Looking after clothing for the troops 406
The death of Captain Van Wyck — General Clinton criticises the
disposition of some of the troops 407-408
George Clinton threatens to resign — ^John McKesson vetoes the
proposition and gives sound and commendatory reasons —
Mrs. Clinton requests to witness a battle 409-412
Troubles of the sick — And impecuniosity of the doctors who at-
tended them 412-413
xvi Detailed Table of Contents.
PAGES-
Col. Graham's conduct at White Plains — A court martial vindi-
cates him of the charge of cowardice preferred against him by
Gol. Joseph Reed, Washington's Secretary 413-416
Henry Wisner suggests points to fortify 41&-417
An erroneous report that France had declared war against Eng-
land '. . 417-419
Strengthening the worlds in the Highlands 419.420
John McKesson advances a loan to General Clinton 420-421
Mary Tappen thinks her Aunt Clinton a coward 421-422
Looking toward the first Constitution of the State of New York. . 422
George Clinton furnishes a list of honor 423-i24
A few inside disclosures affecting the draughting of our first Con-
stitution 424-426
The General is requested to recommend names for subaltern
officers 426^27
And the General's response 427-429
The enemy lands on the west side of the Hudson 429
Col. De Russy makes requisition for ammunition 429-430
George Clinton's proposition to the New York Convention to ob-
struct the Hudson 430M131
General Clinton disposed to find fault 431-432
Clinton's discipline criticised — Panic along the Hudson in con-
sequence of reverses of the Colonists at Fort Washington
and Fort Lee. 432-435
Rallying for the defence — Vigorous proceedings directed toward
mobilizing troops and hurrying the obstructions of the Hud-
son against the approach of the enemy 435-438
Bill for flour casks , 439
Ceu. Heath requests George Clinton to grant an interview to
Gen. Lee 439
Two regiments to garrison Fort Constitution— General Clinton
asks for three companies of rangers and promises to work
them a little 440441
Operations on the Hudson 442
Anent Commissary supplies 442-443
Timber abundant in the Highlands but difficult to obtain 443
Detailed Table of Contents. xvii
PAGES.
Timber men to fell trees to obstruct the march of the Enemy-
scarce 443-444
The militia of Ulster and Orange Counties ordered to be ready
to march at a moment's notice • 444-445
Rum and salt the chief luxuries for the men who obstruct the
Hudson 445-446
Weather interferes with the obstruction of the Hudson 446
■Oeneral Heath shy on news 447-448
Oommissary Paulding promises to co-operate 448
-<ien. Schuyler appears on the scene — Gives expert advice on the
sinking of caissons in the Hudson 448-450
Inventory of axes at Fort Montgomery 450-451
List of artificers to prepare obstructions for the Hudson 451^52
Gen. James Cliu'ton reports to George Clinton as to the situation
in the Highlands 452-453
Gen. Clinton commends Col. De Russy's Canadians in warm lan-
guage to Gen. Schuyler 453^54
Gen. Clinton's command extended— Ordered to co-operate with
Lee and Gates to harass the enemy — Plans and arrange-
ments for the campaign 454-457
And the General's orders in consequence 457-458
Discouraging tribulations of a general officer 458-459
To co-operate with Gen. Lee — But noit to uncover the Highland
passes — Thus orders the Committee of Safety 460
Capt, De Witt ordered to march his rangers forthwith to Kakiate
in Orange County 461
The Highland passes to be strongly guarded — New York Com-
mittee of Safety's resolutions on the defence of the Hudson. 461-462
The Committee of Safety determined to eradicate the West-
chester Tories 462-463
Col. Malcom's instructions from the Committee to carry the plan
into effect 463-465
Col. Allison registers his periodical complaint I 465-466
The General strongly endorses a young man's appointment 466-467
•Oeneral Clinton asks General Heath for instructions 467-468
xviii Detailed Table of Contents.
PAGES..
The General reports to the Convention — And gives a clear account
of several minor operations 468-470-
His instructions to Col. Allison — Protect the loyal, retreat if a
superior force of the enemy is met and strengthen the passes
in the Highlands 471-472^
The enemy advances on Aquackanonck 472
The General's orders to Col. Allison approved by the New York
Convention 472-473
The inhabitants of Kingston seek information 473-474
The usual whine from Col. Allison 474^475
Tie foJ ^ows it with a distinct growl 475-476
And the General responds quickly to the growl 476
A successful raid in New Jersey — The General repi-esents the
prevailing discontent in the militia to the Convention 477-479
To protect the east shore of the Hudson — The militia of Albany,
Dutchess and Westchester called out and ordered under Gen.
Clinton's command ■ 479-483-
List of prisoners taken in New Jersey on General Clinton's recent
night expedition 483-485
Further honors for the General — Appointed to command the ex-
pedition into Westchester County 485-487
Incompetent Commissaries — The General to the Convention sus-
tains the complaints of the militia over the want of supplies. 487-489'
Orders Col. Hathorn to guard against surprises 489-490
To the Convention, the General vindicates Col. Hay and recom-
mends discharging a portion of the militia 4904:91
The Convention bestows discretionary power upon the General.. 491
The Conv^tion assures him no abridgment of his command was
intended 492^493
General Clinton gives an excellent explanation for the difficulty
in obtaining recruits 493-494
Grievances of the Militia— The General as willing to command
a company as a brigade— Capture of two spies and their dis-
position 494497
Major Jansen ordered to march to Ramapo 49T
Detailed Table of Contents. xix
PAGES.
Gen. Clinton asks tlie co-operation of Colonel Day 498
Col. Allison fears the militia will go home in three days 499
Vouchers for work done in the Highlands 499-500
Robert Ersklne vouches for James Ward, as a Whig, to the
General 501
Militia ordered to Tappan 501
The General pleads with the militia and incidentally complains
of them 502-503
Col. Hathorn dwells upon the discontent among the militia 503-504
They had not heard the news from Trenton — But Gen. Clinton
begs Allison and Hathorn to keep their men together for a
few days longer 504-505
Relative to Pay Rolls 505
Col. Hathorn's Confidence in his command — Disposed to march
toward the enemy in spite of the superior force of the latter. 506-507
The enemy's force at Hackensack 507-508
The General discredits the figures — And parenthetically disposes
of Washington's great victory of Trenton in forty-three
words 508-509
Robert Erskine writes to the General in regard to Henry Tice
and his brothers 509-510
Col. Hathorn nabs four Tories 510-511
Gouverneur Morris requests a pass for Mistress Howard 511-512
Permit to James Sayre to go to Long Island for his property. .. . 512-513
List of articles shipp'd for Fort Constitution by order of Genl.
Clinton 513
MSS. Vol. II.
Journal of march of Col. McClaghry's regiment into New Jersey. .515-516
Returns of Col. Hornbeck's regiment 517
To draft one thousand men — And Gen. Clinton ordered to take
them from four river counties, by order of the New York
Convention 518-^20
The General acts promptly upon the orders of the Convention. . 521
Gen. Heath refuses to lend two field pieces — And Gen. Clinton
serves notice he will not be answerable for the militia 522-523
:xx Detailed Table on ConteIits.
PAGES.
'Captain Johnson turns a scouting into a plundering expedition. .. 523-525
Contumacious militiamen threatened — First with a fine of thirty
pounds, then with imprisonment, or to be fired on — The oath
of allegiance 525-529
All but five hundred of the Ulster and Orange militia allowed to
go home ; 529
Oeorge Tongue and John McDole vindicated by a court martial. . 530-531
General Clinton files news of the Battle of Princeton 531-532
Colonels Pawling and Snyder ordered to furnish a detachment
to aid in compelling obedience of the refractory militia in
Dutchess County 532-533
'The General disappointed — The enemy fiee from Haclsensack
while he was preparing to attacli them 533-534
After Trenton and Princeton — General Washington on his march
to Morristown to establish winter quarters 534^36
Massachusetts joins New York 536-537
The General welcomes Col. Sparhawk 537
Robert Erskine tO' George Clinton — Complains of the difficulty
in procuring provisions with paper money 538
Lieutenant-Colonel Hornbeck's regiment dismissed except 90
men 538-539
He suggests a bold demonstration to Major Haring 539
Returns of Colonel Sparhawk's corps. 540
Parole of Henry Cuyler, British Commissary of stores 540-541
List of goods left by Mr. Curtenius when the enemy entered
Hackensack 541-543
Robert Morris puts in a plea in behalf of John Doremus 543-544
Returns of part of Col. Hasbrouck's regiment at Ramapo. ... 544
George Clinton recommends Peter Fell and John Watkins for
captain and lieutenant of cavalry 545
Disposition of captured rum— Information also wanted of two
field pieces concealed by the enemy 546-547
Difficulty in raising militia— Troubles about rations— Contraband
of war captured from Tories 547-549
Plenty of grain and plenty of money— But the farmers hold on to
one and refuse to take the other 550
Detailed Table of Contsnts. xxi
PAGES.
Payroll of Capt. WoodhuU's company of light horse 550-552-
Gov. Livingston declines to recommend Peter Fell and John
Watkins 552-55S
The General breaks the news to Peter Fell 55S.
Capture of three prominent Tories 554-555-
Disposition of surrendered Tories — A problem that Clinton could
not solve and Washington avoided '. 555-55T;
Gen. Clinton orders Col. Hasbrouck to relieve his troops at Syd-
man's Bridge 557-55&
Isaac Roosevelt asks for the discharge of prisoner John Lack-
man 558.
Soundings in Hudson River taken 20 January, 1777 559-560-/
Lisit of goods, grains, &c. taken from Tories at and near Hacken-
sack 560-56a
The General reports to the Commander-in-Chief — And discusses
the proposition to nominate officers for the new army 564^565.
William Duer condemns the militia and incidentally suggests an
appointment 565-566.
Returns of Col. Malcom's new levies 566:.
Returns of Col. Graham's new levies 56T
Roll of ^officers of new levies for the frontiers 568-569^
Statement of distribution of new levies at frontier posts 569-570"
Organization of a regiment of the Continental Army 570
Draft of agreement with carpenters to prepare obstructions in the
Hudson 571
Recruiting orders for Dubois's regiment 571-572'
George Peek to George Clinton — Petition in behalf of ship-car-
penters at Poughkeepsie 572'
Statement of Anthony Kennedy as to the enemy at and near
Hackensack 573-574^
Payroll of Capt. Salisbury's company of light horse 574-576:-
Major Pawling's memorial — Which indicates that history repeats
itself in the matter of military esprit de corps 576-579»
-George Clinton opens war on Tories, traitors and delinquents .... 579^580»
V
xxii Detailed Table of Contents.
PAGES.
Delicacy toward subordinates — Genl. Clinton expresses his opin-
ions in regard to the formation of a court martial and the
treatment of its members 580-582
Robert Erskine distressed — His stocli of pigs diminishing, his
wood-choppers gone to the enemy and his forges- in a bad
way 583
John Dorlon aspires to be a captain in Washington's Guards. .. . 584
Court martial of private Samuel Knap, for treason 584r-585
A French general comes to town — A compliment that conveys a
lady " Inevitably " to Heaven, with other incidents 585-586
General Clinton's instructions to Col. Pawling 586-587
Levi Pawling assumes command of a regiment and reports to
Washington for orders 587-588
Thirty-nine lashes for mutiny — Matthew McKinney's punishment
for drawing his sword on Ensign Glasbey 588-592
Gen. Clinton reports to the State Convention — Drafts or Volun-
teers— Question of rations — Confiscated property of Tories —
Obstructing the Hudson 592-594
H. G. Livingston's oath of allegiance to United States, certified
to by George Clinton 594^595
Sugar as contraband of war 595-596
Court martial proceedings in the case of Jacobus Oosterhout 590-598
Lieut. Tiebout preferred to shoot game than men and was
cashiered in consequence 598-600
Trouble over payrolls then as now 601-602
Samuel Devine sentenced to death — For mutiny, sedition and
using violence against his superior officers 602-605
Capt. Dorlon too ill to accept a commission 605-606
■Gen. Clinton exposes a Tory — Mr. Terhune obtains an American
pass and uses it to purchase horses for the enemy 606-609
Doctor Wood enters the service 609-610
Cfiptured Tory property, including, it was believed, part of
Rivington's printing establishment 611
A return of Colonel Levi Pawling's regiment posted at Rampough
Oloster &c. Feb. 17, 1777 612
Detailed Table of Contents. xxiii
PAGES.
Xiieut. Rose cashiered for insubordination 613-614
A fine of twenty pounds for deserting to tlie enemy 614-915
Another report to the Convention — General Clinton suggests that
more is expected of him than he is able to perform 616-617
One item of two thousand pounds for obstructing the Hudson .... 617
Recruits slow in enlisting^ — General Clinton confident the Hudson
River obstructions will be effective — Shore defenses strong —
Need of heavy artillery 618-621
General Clinton ignores Capt. Dorlon's plea of illness 621
Active operations between February 8 and 23, 1777 622-623
All travellers to be examined — General Clinton's instructions to
Col. Pawling — Severe methods ordered toward careless militia
colonels 623-625
-Comtraband of war — The Committee of Safety directs the dis-
position of material captured by Gen. Clinton's brigade 625-627
Resolution of Congress allowing Monsieur Regnier De Roussi the
rank and pay of Lieutenant-Colonel 628
That Doremus horse transaction — General Clinton iterates his
views and dwells upon the depreciation of our currency by
such practices 628-630
To depreciate the currency is a crime, the General contends 680-631
Recommends the mitigation of courts martial sentences 631-633
De Witt's company of rangers assigned to his command 633
Property captured on an expedition to Bergen, New Jersey 634
Michael Connolly pr-iQposes to raise a companj^ and capture several
pipes of wine 685
*
•Gossipy rumors from New York City 635-636
Decision of the Commissioners on Conspiracies in the case of
Doremus and others and the horses 636
Three suspected Tories apprehended 637
Lieut. Col. Blauvelt resigns 638
Peter R. Fell declines taking a company of foot ; . . . 638-639
<jo\. Pawling reports the arrest of two suspects. 689-640
A long list of mutineers 640-642
xxiv Detailed Table of ContJints.
An intimation of resigning — General Clinton fears he cannot
render his country the service commensurate with his com-
mand 642-64S;
Washington skeptical — Unwilling to station a guard at private
iron works for fear of establishing a bad precedent 643-645
Officers suggested for a new company 645-646-
Capt. De Witt's rangers ordered to report to Col. Pawling. 646
A ration bill paid 647
Col. Pawling complains of the reduction of his command by re-
cruiting officers 647-648-
Order for delivery of a hogshead of tea 648'
An act that seriously affected the Tories 648-650'
Matthew McKinney's petition for discharge from prison 650-651
General Clinton calls Col. Pawling's attention to the general
orders regarding the protection of inhabitants 651-653
General Clinton vouches for William Mitchell 653-'654-
Weakness of militia laws — Gen. Clinton again announces his pur-
pose to resign his command when the works in hand are com-
pleted, and the militia now under him dismissed. 654-656'"
Bill and receipt for flour 656-
Captain Black's mission to New Windsor 656
Captain Black and Lieut. Santford recommended for new com-
missions 657
Beginning the history of our Legislature — Limiting the power of
the Governor with legislation to the signing and the vetoing
of bills 657-659
Commissary Waterbury tired of his occupation 659*
Profit but no business in iron — Robert Erskine's declination of a
'high office on the staff — Recommends several men for the
good cause 659-661
General Clinton's reply — Regrets that Mr. Erskine declines and
mentions incidentally the shortcomings of staff officers 661-663-
<Jeneral George Clinton's expenses to Philadelphia 664
Michael Connolly reports that the troops are out of liquor 665
Detailed Table of Contents. xxv
PAGES.
Discouraging condition of affairs at New Windsor — Not a soldier
on duty and civilians only working on the defences — Gen.
Clinton's Complaint 665-667
•Col. Pawling furnishes General Clinton with returns of his regi-
ment 667-668
General Clinton authorizes Connolly to purchase the Hackensack
rum, with certain safeguards ; 669
Order for company lately commanded by Col. Thompson to choose
their officers 670
'Certificate of election of company officers 670
The State Convention urges completion of obstructions in the
Hudson without delay 671
Cen. Clinton puts a value on Daniel Harris' horse 671-672
Mr. Griffiths' loyalty to the cause 672-673
Cutting into the thoroughfares of the common enemy 673
Draft for payment for flour 674
-A matter of business 674-675
'General Clinton embarrassed — By interference with his work on
the defences and by a resolution of the State Convention .... 675-677
Col. Pawling disturbed — Four of his men captured and a small
British fleet menaces the Highlands 677-678
Col. Hay's apprehensions over the arrival of the British fleet. . . . 678-679
Peekskill occupied by the enemy — The Americans destroy their
stores and retreat to the pass in the Highlands 679-680
Protecting both sides of the river — General Clinton approves Col.
Pawling's retreat on the west shore 680-681
Militia rebellious — Col. Hay's complaint — English believed to be
on a plundering expedition 681-682
Full power lodged in Clinton — To call out the militia of the four
river counties — John McKesson's letter 682-684
Gossip from Mr. Erskine — Lord Stirling gathers material for a
map of New Jersey 684-685
Arrival of French men-of-war 686
General Clinton summons his field officers — Who pass patriotic
resolutions, declare the state is invaded and appoint officers
for the four regiments which are to be called out 687-688
xxvi Detailed Table of Contents.
PAGES.
The troops called out — And General Clinton Issues the necessary
orders for their guidance SSS-SS^
For the protection of the state — For lack of courts, the State Con-
vention adopts a vigorous resolution against treason 690-691
The British plan unfurled — Their Northern and Southern armies
to make a junction on the Hudson — Indifference of the Militia
— Clinton's recommendations 69^1-695
General Clinton orders the Dutchess County colonels to draft 800
men GQ^
The order of arrest for Samuel Haring and other alleged traitors. 696-69T
Henry Wisner exposes a new line of communication of the enemy. 697-698
Tories reported in the mountains from Sterling to Sussex 698-699'
General Clinton approves the quelling of the parricides. 699-700-
Tories expected to attack Sussex Court House 700
Measures for the protection of Westchester County 701
Militia officers complain of their exposed situation at Orange-
town 701-702
A Committee on its way toWashington halts for want of a guard. 702-703-
Driving cattle to the enemy — Complaints of the Commissioners
that Westchester County is in a dismal condition and the Con-
tinental cause has suffered in consequence. 703-704
More Tory plots ' 705-706.
Completing barracks for militia 706
A fourth part of the Westchester militia summoned 706-707
Lieut. Belknap's grievance — He accuses Capt. Miller of gross mis-
conduct and brutality 707-709'
Clinton's force inadequate — Correspondence between the General
and Robert R. Livingston relative to Tories and defences of
the Hudson 709-710'
Gen. Clinton sends interesting news to Robert R. Livingston 710-712:
Capt. Miller to be court martialed on complaint of Lieut- Belknap. 712-713
Free and easy methods — Col. Woodhull informs General Clinton
that a court martial at the present time is out of the question. 713-714
Robert Morris vouches for Doremus 714-716
Samuel Haring exposes a Tory plot— Involving the capturing of
the Convention of the State of New York— The details 716-719*
Detailed Table of Contents. xxvii
PAGES^
A weekly return of Colonel John Hathorn's regiment commanded
by Lieut. Colonel Gilbert Cooper, Ramipough April ye 18th
1777 720
Hard times for a militiaman 721
Ropes and cables for the great chain 722
Col. Malcom recommends Mr. Gordon as an adjutant 722^723
And General Clinton indorses the recommendation 723
To weed out Tories 723-724
The stratagems of war are various — Gen. McDougall suspects
that the Highlands are the objective point of the British. . . . 724-725'
Militia rather indifferent — In spite of the crisis and the scarcity of
men, the Home Guard backward in going to the defences . . . . 725-728
General James Clinton voices the general sentiment— That the
enemy's objective is the Highlands. 728
Gen. McDougall sounds the alarm 729
Plans of the enemy 729-730
General Washington lays a trap for a British General 730'
An investigation ordered into the delinquency of the Dutchess
County militia 731
Gen. James Clinton announces that alarm guns will be fired on
the approach of the enemy _ 731
General Clinton not only orders but entreats Col. Woodhull to
bring out his forces in this emergency 732-733
A slight rebuke administered to Col. Hasbrouck 733
Patriotism at a low ebb— Difficulty in securing the militia to re-
inforce the defences in the Highlands 734-735
Preparing for the enemy — General Clinton reports to the Con-
vention the movements of the British, the delinquency of the
militia and his dispositions for defence 735-737
Instructions to Col.. Hathorn 737
Quartermaster Taylor reports having captured a suspect 738-739
Mrs. Montgomery requests General Clinton for an order relative
to articles that were seized at Peekskill — George Clinton's
answer 739-740-
Tories kidnapping patriots — Col. Cooper reports to General Clin-
ton that his force is inadequate 740-741
xxviii Detailed Table of Contebtts.
PAGES.
'General McDougall intimates Fort Montgomery will be bom-
barded . . .' 741-742
'Gossip from Thomas Smitb 742^-744
Orders to Cols. Pawling and Snyder to march to Fort Mont-
gomery 744-745
Robert Boyd, Jr., denounces the Tory Gardner — He charges that
the Tories have not been treated with enough decision
and vigor — Our sentinels and videttes negligent 745-747
John W. Watkins report his recruiting prospects to Gen. Clinton . . 748
Short supply of rations for carpenters 748-749
For treason against the State — Nine men sentenced to death after
a trial by Court Martial 749-762
The enemy on the move — Gen. Clinton notified and the militia
ordered out in consequence 763-7G4
More traitors sentenced to death — With several recommendations
for mercy on the part of the court martial that tried the cul-
prits 764-782
A blacksmith needed 782-783
No mercy for the traitors — General Clinton urges that a severe
example be made of them to deter others from following their
footsteps 783-784
George Clinton sends Cadwallader Colden to the Kingston jail 784-785
Hunning down traitors^ — Resolutions of the Convention for guard-
ing traitors after capture 785-786
-John Jones asks George Clinton for a pass to go to Kingston 786-787
Engineer Machin reports to George Clinton that he has sent a de-
tachment to intercept a party of Tories . 787
The case of Tunis Van Vliet 788
Robert Boyd denounces George Tongue, a Tory 788-789
The Convention acts promptly — And approves the sentences of the
courts martial with one exception 789-792
The formal pai'don of Hendrick Crispell 792r-793
Extract from testimony before court martial in Freligh's case... 798-795
<xen. Clinton and tories — He recommends active measures should
be prosecuted to break up these banditti 796-798
Detailed Table of Contents. xxix
PAGES^
Necessity for an engineer office — Defences at the Highlands
handicapped for want of teams and food 798-799'
Capt. Hardenbergh makes a report to Gen. Clinton of his search
for Tories 800-801
Marauders in Westchester County — General Clinton requested to
give protection to the town of Bedford against Rogers'
rangers 801-802
A resolution against traitors 802-
John Straten's unique sentence — Following an investigation into
a robbery in Hinsdale in the present Columbia County 803-805-
A weekly Teturn of Colonel Levi Pawling's regt. General George
Clinton's brigade — Fort Clinton May the 8th 1777 80&
Returns of the troops stationed at Fort Montgomery under the
command of Brigadier General George Clinton, dated 8th
May, 1777 807
Gen. Clinton resigns from the Militia — ^Because of appointment in
the Continental army — Affairs on the Hudson 808-810'
The Hinsdale people report and appeal to Governor Clinton 810-812
The Conspiracy Commission and their need of a guard 812-813
A garrison court at Fort Montgomery 813-815
Returns of Capt. Santf ord's Company at Ramapo 816
Returns of Capt. Watkins' Company at Ramapo 81&
Returns of troops at Forts Constitution and Independence 817
Continuation of the Fort Montgomery court martial 818-824
Returns of Col. Snyder's regiment at Fort Montgomery 825'
Returns of Col. Pawling's regiment at Fort Clinton 826
Returns of troops at Fort Montgomery 82T
James Grant's parole 828-
General Clinton notifies Deputy Quartermaster General Hughes
that he requires more tools and a more efficient representa-
tive 828-829
Details of Guards, Etc 830-
Major Pleas' returns of his battalion at Fort Constitution, and
their equipment 831
General Clinton's instructions to Major Taylor 832;
XXX Detailed Table of Contents.
PAGES.
Returns of Col. Snyder's regiment, at Fort Montgomery 833
Returns of Col. Pawling's regiment at Fort Clinton 834
Returns of troops at Fort Montgomery 835
■George Clinton's resignation refused — New York's representatives
pass commendatory resolutions in his honor 83&-837
Two deserters apprehended 837
Rendering officers supernumerary — Necessary by the failure of
the militia regiments to recruit to the full limit 838-830
*' With a rinkel'd cockt'd knos " — Lfieut. Connelly's description
of Mr. Can tine and what led to and followed it 839^840
Lieutenant McArthur asks George Clinton for the reason of his
arrest 840-841
Returns of Col. Pawling's regiment at Fort Clinton 842
Returns of Col. Snyder's regiment, at Fort Montgomery 843
Returns of troops at Fort Montgomery 844
Returns of Col. Graham's regiment, at Fort Independence 845
Returns of Ordnance stores at Fort Constitution 846
Returns of Ordnance stores at Fort Montgomery 847-848
Lieut. Gillet ordered to arrest Richard Snedeker 849
To get out the soldiers' vote — Christopher Tappen submits a plan
to General Clinton ; 849-850
Difficulty of raising cash — Capt. Bedlow's complaint to Gen. Clin-
ton— Difficulties in prosecuting the works for the defence
of the Hudson 851-852
Capt. Jacob Wood vindicated. 853
Parsimony of Committee of Safety — Capt. Bedlow's criticisms on
the delay and policy in constructing the works along the Hud-
son 853-855
State of the Committee of Safety — A programme which the people
failed to ratify, however ' 855-856
Returns of Col. Pawling's regiment at Fort Clinton 857
ILLUSTRATIONS.
No. 1 — George Clinton — Frontispiece.
No. 2 — Philip Schuylee — opposite page 143.
No. 3 — Map of the Battle of Brooklyn — ^^opposite page 328.
No. 4 — Map of Fort "Washington — opposite page 432.
No. 5 — Alexander Hamilton — opposite page 525.
No. 6 — Map of White Plains — opposite page 622.
No. 7 — GoirvERNETjR Morris — opposite page 740.
Introduction to Public Papers
of George Clinton.
Chapxkr I.
THE CLINTON PAPERS HOW AND WHEN THE STATE SECURED POS-
SESSION OF THEM ORIGINALLY CALENDARED BY GEORGE W.
CLINTON — THE ARCHIVES OP THE STATE CONVEYED TO BOSTON
IN 1688 — DISAPPEARANCE OF A NUMBER OF VALUABLE RECORDS
RELATING TO THE ADMINISTRATION OF PETER STUYVESANT — ■
THE AUTOGRAPH THIEF IN EVIDENCE ONE HUNDRED AND FIFTY
YEARS AGO WANDERINGS OF THE RECORDS DURING THE REVO-
LUTIONARY WAR — THE WORK OF COMPILING, PRINTING AND
INDEXING THEM DE WITT CLINTON AROUSES PUBLIC INTEREST
IN THEIR PRESERVATION.
The Legislature purchased the original twenty-three volumes of
the George Clinton papers in 1853, for |2,500,and allowed an addi-
tional appropriation of |500 for arranging, indexing, binding and
lettering. Mr. Orville L. Holley was detailed to conduct the
work.
When the collection was expanded by a number of additional
volumes, and by the De Witt Clinton papers, the Regents were
fortunate in obtaining the services of the late George. W. Clinton,
of Buffalo, to arrange the papers for publication. In 1882, as
" Editor in chief of the work of arranging and indexing the
Clinton manuscripts and other State papers belonging to the
State and deposited in the State Library," Mr. Clinton in reporting
said the papers had been " calendered, numbered consecutively,
in the order of time, and each volume contains a list of the num-
bers it contains and a brief note of the contents of the paper
or papers designated by such number, * * * The Clinton
Papers, like all old manuscripts, present, occasionally, the usual
4 Public Papers of George Clinton.
obstacles to mastering them, such as unfamiliar and almost un-
decipherable [indecipherable] writing, faded ink, spelling which
is neither phonetic nor uniform nor conformed to any rule, and
the assumption by their writers of a knowledge, by their imme-
diate readers, of events and names and incidents which they leave
unexpressed and are wholly unknown to us."
Later on he observes that the papers comprise a very large
number of drafts of George Clinton's answers to correspondents
and adds : " When blanis: space enough was left in a letter to him,
he was very sure, from economy or some notion of convenience, to
draft his answer thereon, and the letter and answer make
one number of the calendar. Then again, the calendar often
groups under one number several papers, and they are often re-
plete with incidental matters, essential to an index, of which it
takes no notice. A paper or papers calendared as one number
seldom requires less than three entries and sometimes requires
from ten to one hundred entries for the index."
He again says : " Several letters of Washington to George Clin-
ton are wanting; of which I especially regret the absence of one
or two in which it seems he must have stated some grand move-
ment he had in contemplation against the enemy, but which is
not disclosed in George Clinton's answers assuring him of hearty
and strong co-operation."
The missing letters of Washington have, with two or three
exceptions, been secured by the State Historian from the cor-
respondence of the statesmen of the time, as published by Messrs.
George P. Putnam's Sons, of New York.
Of course, in a publication of this character, it is manifestly
impossible to gather all the correspondence, even official, of a
man who filled for so long a time so many different positions in
Public Papers of George Clinton. 5
the history of this State, civil and military. It stands to reason
that many letters of the most important character, which would
throw the strongest light on the greatest historical events of his
time, have either been lost or are in the hands of private indi-
viduals and collectors all over the world.
George Clinton, for forty-five years, was not only a public char-
acter, but an agressive one, in the political history of this State.
His correspondence necessarily was large. He enjoyed the confi-
dence of and exchanged ideas with all the strongest men of the
Kevolution, and although opposed to the adoption of the Federal
Constitution, his friendship with the most pronounced Federal-
ists was close and intimate.
Very few of the letters that bear his name in this collection
are originals. Many of them are drafts or copies made by him-
self or his secretary.
For two generations the Clinton family were strongly identified
with the educational interests of the State. It seems perfectly
appropriate that the Board of Eegents of the University, whose
creation is due to a suggestion of George Clinton, who was one
of the original members under the act of May, 1784, should to-
day possess this collection of his official and personal utterances.
His nephew, De Witt Clinton, was one of the original Board of
Trustees of the State Library, w^hich was founded in 1818. His
colleagues were Governor John Tayler and the illustrious James
Kent. The growth of this splendid institution can be best un-
derstood by a comparison of the books possessed on January 1,
1820, and those possessed on July 1, 1899.
The first report of the trustee shows that a room had been fitted
up in the capitol, and that 600 volumes of books had been pur-
chased " proper for such an establishment." The collection con-
6 Public Papers op George Clinton.
tained 8 dictionaries; 3 Atlases; the Doomsday book; Lord
Kame's Elements of Criticism; Alexander Hamilton's works, in
three volumes; 31 histories, including Hume's:, Smollett's and
Bisset's; Gibbon's " Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire;"
Rollin's Ancient History; histories of China, Europe, the World,
Spain, Portugal, France, North America, Chili, South Carolina,
Virginia, Maryland, New Jersey, New Hampshire, Massachusetts
and Georgia (two copies); Malthus on Population; laws of
different States; charters of cities; Marshall's Life of Washing-
ton; Jefferson's Notes on Virginia; and Niles's Register.
The expenses of running the library aggregated |2,823.26, of
which |2,617.20 were expended for books. The remainder was
consumed for bookcases, curtains, a stove, candles and stationery.
By act of Legislature of 1829 the contingent expenses of the li-
brary, which included stationery and candles, were reduced to
$50. On July 1, 1899, the number of volumes in the State Library
aggregated 400,000.
The Legislature of 1819 passed resolutions that called upon the
Secretary of State to introduce certain regulations and improve-
ments in his office for the better preservation and security of
the public records. The report of the then Secretary, Mr. John
Van Ness Yates, which was submitted to the Legislature on Janu-
ary 4, 1820, is one of the most interesting historical State docu-
ments in our possession to-day. The Secretary reported that in
obedience to one resolution he had procured a complete series
of printed Colonial and State laws from the year 1691 to the
year 1819 inclusive. The laws enacted by the Colonial Assem-
blies between 1683 and 1691, he reported, were not in print and
were supposed to be lost; but a manuscript copy of those laws, to-
gether with the original charter from Charles II to the Duke
Public Papers of George Clinton. 7
of York iu 1664, the "Duke's Laws" in 1674, and the laws
passed in Leisler's administration in 1689 and 1690 had been
deposited in his office, secure in volume form.
He says further: "It will also be seen by a reference to the
catalogue and appendix accompanying this report that this De-
partment is in possession of the Colonial Assembly Journals from
1691 to 1772 (with the exception of the years 1766 and 1767), the
State Legislative Journals from 1790 to 1819, twenty-nine vol-
umes of Congressional and State papers and journals, Colvin's
revised edition of the Acts of Congress, in five volumes, and
twelve volumes of the laws of some of our sister States."
The second concurrent resolution was directed to the preser-
vation and arrangement of the records that concerned the claims
and titles of the State and of individuals to lands for the value
of many millions of dollars. Mr. Yates reported that many of
these books were " rapidly decaying, the binding mutilated and
worn, the leaves loose and some of the indices imperfect and in-
complete."
But by far the most valuable information was contained in the
appendix to the catalogue submitted to the Legislature saying
" Several important and much to be regretted piracies have been
committed, and probably at a very early period, on the records
of this office."
The first Dutch Governor had arrived in New York in 1629, but
there are no proceedings of the Governor and Council previous to
the year 1638, though records of patents and deeds as early as
1630 are preserved.
The book containing the proceedings of Governor Peter Stuy-
vesant and the Council of 1650 is also missing, which doubtless
contained the treaty of limits with New England in that year.
8 Public Papers of George 'Clinton.
Among other important records that were not found were the
proceedings of Governor Stuyvesant and his Council for the
years 1651, 1652, 1659 and 1662; the records of patents and deeds
for 1650, 1651, 1652 and 1653; two important letters from Gov-
ernor Stuyvesant to Governor John Endicott, of Massachusetts,
of date September 7 and October 27, 1659; and Governor Stuy-
vesant's Journal of Proceedings at the General Court in Boston,
1663.
When in 1664, the English captured New York, one of the
articles of capitulation required the careful preservation of th«
Dutch archives by the conquerors. It is a matter of record that
in June, 1688, the archives were in the Secretary's office in New
York City, but the notorious and untrustworthy Edward Ran-
dolph, who had imposed upon Governor Andros, and had become
Secretary of New England, in 1686, came to New York in 1688,
and carried off to Boston from the Secretary's ofQce all the
archives of the Dutch Governors. Here they remained subject
to mutilation until 1691, when Governor Sloughter ordered them
returned to New York.
Numerous causes were cited for the disappearance of many
of these records, particularly those relating to the administra-
tion of Peter Stuyvesant; for instance. Smith, the historian
of New York, and Hutchinson, the historian of Massachusetts,
declare that they were " taken away for very improper and repre-
hensible purposes and such of the records as were not returned
it is probable were destroyed by direction of Governor Andross."
Under the apprehension that the missing archives might have
been retained and were still in existence in New England, Secre-
tary Yates opened a correspondence with the Secretary of the
Commonwealth of Massachusetts, who, under date of Septem-
Public Papers of George Clinton. 9
ber 4, 1818, reported that he had no knowledge " of any records
belonging to the state of New York being in this office."
Several historians have erroneously stated that a number of
the public records were destroyed by the fire at Fort George, New
York, in the spring of 1741. This assertion was no doubt based
upon the report of Governor Clarke, who writing in regard to the
records, added: " and I hope very few lost." As a matter of fact
all the public records were removed before the office which coi>-
tained them was consumed.
Under the act of the General Assembly, of July 4, 1753, " to
appoint commissioners to examine into the eastern boundaries
of this colony and to impower and require the Secretary of this
colony or his deputy to deliver certain ancient records written
in the Dutch language," a comparison was instituted and the dis-
covery was made that since 1688, a large number of records had
disappeared and that many valuable autographs had been stolen.
At the outbreak of the Revolution, the records were still in
New York City, and became at once an object of solicitude to
Royalists and Americans, who were both anxious to protect them
because of the inextricable complications that in the event of
their loss would develop in litigation.
On November 29, 1775, Governor Tryon wrote to Samuel Bayard,
Deputy Secretary of the Colony, that he was credibly informed
" that Isaac Sears at the head of a large body of Connecticut
people intends very shortly to march into the state of New York
to seize and carry off by violence the public records in the Secre-
tary's office." Bayard was directed by Tryon without loss of
time to transfer all the public acts and records to the man of war
" Duchess of Gordon," which was lying in the harbor. In Feb-
ruary, 1776, Bayard was called upon by order of the Provincial
10 Public Papers of George Clinton.
Congress, to surrender the records. He offered to deposit them
in a vessel which was to be especially chartered and which was fo
remain in the harbor. He pledged his honor to have them pro-
tected by the King's forces. He had previously delivered aboard
the " Duchess of Gordon," according to a report he made several
years later, "■ eighteen books in folio of records of charters
and grants of land under the great seal of this province; two
books in folio of records of grants of land to reduced offi-
cers and soldiers, pursuant to his Majesty's proclamation of
the 7th of October, 1763; three books in folio of records of
charters and commissions under his Koyal Highness James
Duke of York, the great seal of Great Britain, the great
seal of England, and the great seal of the Admiralty of England ;
one book of records of Indian cessions of land to the Crown aad
two books of minutes of Council in the state department." Sub-
sequently, for greater safety, he transferred these records to the
" Asia," and when the latter was ordered home the packages were
transhipped to the "Eagle" man of war. Their final abiding
place on the water was in the hold of the man of war " War-
wick."
In the meantime, February 11, 1776, the Americans had raided
the house Avhere the remainder of the records were deposited.
These records had been of no value to the English, but were taken
by the Americans to the home of the deputy secretary's father,
Nicholas Bayard, " in the out ward of the city where they are
kept under a constant military guard " of New York troops.
With the capture of New York City by the British these records
started on a peripatetic career. Whenever the capital of the
state was moved the records were moved. Whenever was heard
the cry " the enemy are coming " the sacred documents were the
first articles to be seized and hastily conveyed to a place of safety.
Public Papers op Georgb Clinton. 11
Upon the approach of the enemy to Kingston, the archives of the
state were carried off to Rochester, a small town in Ulster county.
After Burgoyne's defeat, the archives were returned to Kingston,
where they were guarded by a special detail of 200 men.
On April 10, 1783, Samuel Bayard, who had continued to act as
Secretary of the Province throughout the war, reported to Gen.
James Robinson that " on or about the first day of November,
1781, I received from on board his Majesty's ship " Warwick,"
Captain Elphinston, three cases containing all the books which
he had conveyed to the " Duchess of Gordon " nearly six years
before — " except the records of Indian cessions, which, though
I have diligently inquired for I never could recover or hear of."
He reported that the books were in very bad condition, many of
them mildewed, and greatly injured, and in the binding parti-
cularly.
When the city of New York was evacuated by the British,
in November, 1783, the records were delivered to the Secretary of
State, John Morin Scott. The ofBce of the Secretary was main-
tained in New York till 1798, when it was transferred to the city
of Albany. The archives remained under the jurisdiction of
the Secretary until 1881, when by act of the Legislature they
were transferred to the Regents of the University.
By act of April 11, 1804, the Governor of the State was
authorized " to cause to be transcribed in proper books to be
provided for that purpose, the journals and records of the Pro-
vincial Congress, of the Committee of Public Safety and of the
Convention which framed the Constitution of this State."
A comparison of many of the documents contained in the
Clinton papers, with those included in the Proceedings of the
Provincial Congress and the Committee of Public Safety, will
disclose not only many inconsistencies, but many marked
12 Public Papers op George Clinton.
changes in language and construction. The reason for this is
that John McKesson unquestionably furnished the governor of
the state, George Clinton, with a copy of resolutions and ordi-
nances as soon as the day's proceedings were over, while he de-
layed the transcription for the body of which he was secretary
until he found leisure.
Under date of August 19, 1819, John McKesson, nephew of the
original John McKesson of Kevolutionary fame, wrote: "The
engrossed copy of the Convention Journals will be four or five
volumes foolscap size with from seven tO' ten thousand loose
documents, exclusive of those loose notes containing dates and
references from which a draft of the Journals has been made.
These memoranda pasted and arranged chronologically form five
volumes of scraps — ^these memoranda often carried from place
to place in the pocket of the secretary — form the guide in draft-
ing the Journal. You will perceive therefore, that the Legisla-
ture when they passed the act of 1804, did not comprehend or
understand the condition of these papers, or they would not have
begun by directing the Governor to have the Journals trans-
cribed, when in truth the Journal was to be drafted before a
transcript could be made; on my return I will progress with
these Journals. In the draft of the first volume which was
engrossed, there were too many documents not at first found;
but as I progressed the papers were found and inserted, so that
the minutes of most part of 1775 became such a patchwork that
I have had to re-engross 1775; the year 1776 is engrossed and
ready to be compared; all 1777 is engrossed except sixty days,
and as these must have a perfect guide copy made by my own
hand they will yet take some time to complete. As to the
Journals of Assembly before the Revolution being in my pos-
session, your information has been incorrect. If they had, I
Public Papers of George Clinton. 13
should have rejoiced. It has been the object of my care for
twenty-five years to collect our colonial and State Journals, and
I regret to say that I found neither encouragement nor assist-
ance from any quarter. The Journals of 1766 I fear are forever
lost; there are a principal part of the meetings from that time
to the Revolution in the Historical Society, collected and pre-
sented to them by myself."
The first record that appears on the statute book of this State
relative to the transcription of archives, is found in Chapter
CXV, Laws of 1804, which provides that " it will be lawful for
the person administering the government of this State to be
caused to be transcribed in proper books, Journals and Records
of the Provincial Congress, of the Committee of Public Safety
and the Convention which formed the Constitution of this State,
which Journals and Records when so transcribed shall be de-
posited in the office of the Secretary of State."
In the following year, 1805, Chapter XCVI, authorized the Sec-
retary-of State to translate into English "such Dutch records
which the Governor may designate, the translations to be de-
posited in the office of the Secretary and become part of the
public records of the State."
In 1814 De Witt Clinton, then Vice-President of the New York
Historical Society, presented a memorial to the Legislature, in
which attention was called to the efforts the Society had made
to collect books, pamphlets, magazines, maps, medals and other
material " which may tend to illustrate and complete the great
outlines of our history," in which he descanted upon the im-
perfectness " of the natural history of the State." He deplored
the neglect of the people and said, " the destructive hand of time
is rapidly sweeping into oblivion many important objects of in-
quiry." " The State," he said, " is rich in funds, rich in credit
14 Public Papers of George CLinton.
and rich in resources, and she ought to be rich in liberality and
public spirit."
This memorial stimulated historical study in the State of New
York. Public attention was awakened to the importance and
value of the State archives, which for many years had been
grossly neglected, and were now found to be in great confusion.
Between the passage of the two acts of 1804 and 1819, nothing
whatever seems to have been done toward carrying out the spirit
or intent of those laws. Now however, Governor DeWitt Clin-
ton appointed Dr. Francis Adrian Van der Kemp to translate
the Dutch records, his translations covering twenty-six volumes
designated as " The Albany Records."
Under the two concurrent resolutions adopted by the Legis-
lature of 1819, Mr. John Van Ness Yates, Secretary of State, sub-
mitted to the Legislature, on January 4, 1820, a voluminous re-
port which contained a detailed and exhaustive catalogue of the
records in his office divided into three parts: I. Dutch Colonial-
Records from the year 1630 to the year 1664, inclusive, and part
of the years 1673 and 1674, under Governor Colve;!!. English
Colonial Records from 1664 to 1776, inclusive, with some of the
records of the city of New York from 1776 to 1783; III. State
Records from 1776 to 1820, inclusive.
The record minutes of the transactions of the Indian Commis-
sioners for this colony from 1675 to 1751, as kept by the secretary
employed for the purpose, were bound in four large folio volumes.
This valuable collection and the subsequent colonial records rela-
tive to Indian affairs, are not now to be found in this State and
it is suspected they were carried away to Canada by Sir John
Johnson, or his agents, early in the Revolution, and thence
shipped to England.
Chapxkr II.
THE CLINTONS A FAMILY OF SOLDIERS — MEMORABLE VOYAGE OF THE
'' GEORGE AND ANNB" — GEORGE OLINTON's EARLY LIFE — BEGINS
HIS CAREER AS A SAILOR DISTINGUISHED MILITARY CAREERS
OF GEORGE AND JAMES ADMINISTRATION OF THE AFFAIRS OF
THE COLONY THE LORDS OF TRADE — THE COUNCIL AND THE
GENERAL ASSEMBLY.
George Clinton was descended from a family of soldiers. One
of Ms ancestors, William Clinton, was an enthusiastic follower
of Charles I, and held a commission in the Royal Army. After
the death of that unfortunate monarch, Clinton sought refuge in
flight on the continent. He remained in France for a while, wan-
dered for a number of years, and finally drifted to Sicotland,
where he was married. His life being put in jeopardy, he crossed
over to the north of Ireland, where he died, leaving an orphan
boy, James, then but two years of age.
Upon reaching his majority, James Clinton endeavored to re-
cover the patrimonial estate in England but failed, because of
the statute of limitation. His son, Charles Clinton, had been
born in the county of Longford, Ireland, in 1690. In his fortieth
year he organized a colony which consisted of seventy persons,
relatives and friends, and chartered the ship " George and Anne "
which left Ireland May 20, 1729, its objective point being Phila-
delphia.
The vessel was destined to make a memorable voyage. The
peculiar actions of the captain, and the fact that the vessel was
permitted to proceed in an aimless sort of way, aroused the
16 Public Papers of George Clinton.
suspicions of the passengers, who believed that the ship's com-
mander was designedly remaining at sea, for one of two reasons :
to starve the passengers in order to acquire their money and val-
uables or to discourage future emigration.
The passengers held a council of war and offered the command
of the ship to Colonel Clinton, but the subordinate officers of the
vessel refused to serve under him for fear of being accused of
piracy. The passengers eventually subsidized the captain with a
large sum of money to secure their safe passage to port.
The diary of Colonel Clinton, which he maintained during the
voyage, and which is now deposited in the State Library at
Albany, fails, for some reason that has never been explained, to
allude to this incident. Colonel Clinton is particular in specify-
ing all the deaths that occurred and many other incidents, mostly
of a trivial nature, but is silent on the threatened mutiny.
The ship eventually put in at Cape Cod, where Clinton and
his colony remained until the spring of 1731, when they set out
for Ulster County, N. Y., and formed the settlement that has
come down as Little Britain — ^six miles southwest of Newburg.
Colonel Clinton was not only an accomplished civil engineer,
but a lawyer as well. He was appointed Justice of the Peace
and later a Judge of Ulster County. In 1756 he was commis-
sioned a Lieutenant-Colonel of the Second Kegiment of Ulster
County by Governor Sir Charles Hardy. Two years later he was
transferred, retaining his rank, to Oliver De Lancey's regiment.
Two of his sons, George and James Clinton, were much in evi-
dence during the War of the Revolution, where they established
most creditable reputations as soldiers. One of them, and the
son of the other, have gone down in history as great governors
of the State of New York. Colonel Clinton's youngest and most
Public Papers of George Clinton. 17
distinguished son, George, was born at Little Britain, in what
was then Ulster, but is now Orange, County, N. Y., July 26, 1739.
He early saw the rough and seamy side of life. When but sixteen
years of age he sailed from the port of New York on a privateer
and suffered many hardships and distressing experiences. Like
his older brother James, however, he preferred military distinc-
tion, and in 1758 he was appointed a subaltern in his father's regi-
ment, and with his brother James, who was then a captain, accom-
panied Col. John Bradstreet's expedition against Fort Frontenac
near Lake Ontario. The Clinton brothers, at the head of a small
force, distinguished themselves by capturing a French sloop of
war on Lake Ontario.
At the outbreak of the Revolutionary War, James Clinton had
attained the rank of Lieutenant-Colonel. The Continental Con-
gress, however, appointed him Colonel of the Third New York.
He accompanied Montgomery on the disastrous Canadian expedi-
tion, and on August 9, 1776, was commissioned a Brigadier-Gen-
eral. -The following Autumn, as subordinate to his younger
brother George, he commanded the defenses of the Highlands.
In 1779, in command of 1,600 men, he accompanied Gen. John
Sullivan in the famous expedition against the Indians, which
resulted in the disruption of the forces under Brant and other In-
dians many of whom, with the bloodthirsty John and Walter N.
Butler, had committed the atrocities in Wyoming and Cherry
Valley the year before. In May, 1780, Clinton was ordered to
Albany, and the following October was placed in command of
that district by Washington under the following instructions:
" You will be particularly attentive to the post of Fort Schuyler
and do everything in your power to have it supplied with a good
stock of provisions and stores; and you will take every other
18 Public Papers op George Oi^inton.
precaution which the means at your command will permit, for
the security of the frontier, giving me the most early advice of
any incursions of the enemy."
He displayed his courage and his executive ability by crush-
ing a mutiny in a Massachusetts regiment which had refused
to march to the support of General Schuyler, by threatening to
shoot the officers and ringleaders unless the orders that had
been issued to them were obeyed.
He recommended the evacuation of the post at Fort Schuyler,
Washington endorsing his judgment. His brigade received the
colors of Cornwallis's army at the surrender of Yorktown. For
several months subsequent to the surrender he commanded the
New York troops that were stationed at Pompton, N. J. Upon
the conclusion of peace he was appointed one of the commission-
ers to adjust the boundary line between Pennsylvania and New
York.
Having had a taste of the sea and of a military life, upon
his return from the Canadian expedition, George Clinton entered
the office of William Smith, historian of New York Colony, in
New York City, but in a short time returned to Ulster County
where Admiral George Clinton, then Governor of New York, and
father of Sir Henry Clinton, appointed him by letters patent,
Clerk of the Court of Common Pleas, Clerk of the Peace and of
the Court of Sessions of the Peace of Ulster County. Christopher
Tappen, whose sister he subsequently married, was his deputy.
A year later he was reappointed and held the appointment until
his death, fifty-two years later.
On September 12, 1764, he was commissioned by Governor Cad-
wallader Colden attorney at law to practice in the Mayor's Court
in Albany, and the Inferior Court of Common Pleas in the
Public Papers of George Clinton. 19
counties of the province, except in the Mayor's Court of the city
of New York. On August 26, 1765, he was appointed Surrogate
of Ulster County, and the following year he took his seat as a
member of the General Assembly from Ulster County, and con-
tinued a member until its final dissolution, seven years later.
The affairs of the Colony were conducted by the Council and
the Colonial Assembly, and superintended in England by the
Lords of Trade, a Board which was originally created on May
15, 1696, and re-established on July 6, 1697. It consisted of a
president and seven members. The Council acted as Privy Coun-
cil to the Governor of the Province. Although originally consist-
ing of seven members, the number was increased to twelve, any
three forming a quorum. The Governor had power to appoint
and suspend until the pleasure of the Crown became known.
The Council formed the upper House or Senate in the Colonial
Legislature, and with the Governor, a Court of last resort. As a
court they met at the Fort, but when acting as a legislative body
at the City Hall. The senior member acted as speaker. No sal-
ary was attached to the oflflce, although the duties were arduous
and responsible; but by virtue of his position, a member of the
Council was enabled to obtain as perquisites large grants of land
for himself, his relatives and friends, which more than compen-
sated him for whatever time and trouble he may have given to
the State.
The first Council was appointed in 1626 and the General As-
sembly met for the first time on October 17, 1683. As a rule, elec-
tions for the Assembly were held every two years until 1716,
when the General Assembly then elected continued from June 5
until August 10, 1726. Four General Assemblies succeeded, the
last ending on May 3, 1737.
20 Public Papers of Geokge Clinton,
Owing to the rebellious course of the colonists over the long
continuance of the Assemblies, and the determined opposition of
Governor Cosby to more frequent elections, the colonists were
unable, until 1737, to obtain a bill providing for triennial elec-
tions. The bill having passed the Assembly and Council it was
signed by Lieutenant-Governor George Clarke who forwarded it
promptly to the King, with his approbation, but the Lords of
Trade insisted upon its repeal, on the ground that it interfered
with the Crown's prerogative to call and dissolve the Assembly.
On November 30, 1738, the act was repealed by the iKing in
Council.
In the meantime, the House, which had passed the bill, had
been dissolved by Governor Clarke, and the new Assembly con-
tinued in power from March, 1739, until September, 1743, when
it in turn was prorogued by Governor George Clinton. On Decem-
ber, 1743, was passed the act limiting the continuance of the As-
sembly to seven years. This act remained in force until the
Revolution.
The Governor possessed absolute veto upon all bills passed by
the Assembly and Council, and the power to prorogue and dis-
solve the Assembly. The latter was composed of freeholders
elected by the freeholders of the several counties viva voce, upon
writs of election issued by the Governor in Council.
After an existence of nearly ninety-two years, the General As-
sembly adjourned on April 3, 1775, and never again assembled.
The Lords of Trade ceased to exist on October 10, 1782, their pow-
ers having been conferred on a Committee of the Privy Council,
which was duly appointed by George III in August, 178G. The
Council and General Assembly habitually sat in executive ses-
sion.
Chapxkr III.
SOCIETY IN ENGLAND 1760-1775 CORRUPTION IN POLITICAL AND
DEGRADATION IN PRIVATE LIFE GEORGE THIRD'S GREAT OPPOR-
TUNITY BANEFUL INFLUENCE OF THE PRINCESS DOWAGER AND
BUTE WILLIAM PITT, THE GREAT COMMONER CHARACTBiRIS-
TICS — HIS VANITY — HIS COALITION WITH THE DUKE OF NEW-
CASTLE HIS DOWNFALL GRENVILLE AND THE STAMP ACT.
Properly to comprehend one of the causes that influenced Eng-
land in its policy of greed and of rapacity toward its American
colonies, it is but necessary to glance over the corruption of poli-
tics and the uncleanness of society from 1760 to 1775. Never
before in England was the standard of morality in social and in
public life so low. Against religion had occurred a revolt that
appalled and threatened to paralyze civilization; prelates had
thrown away their influence and wantonly neglected their charges
to solicit favors and promotion with dissolute Crown Ministers.
Immorality stalked abroad brazenly and was indulged in shame-
lessly by men and women of national reputation. Infidelity to the
marriage vow was a common offense and almost became a badge
of honor among notable persons of the realm. The fastidious
Chesterfield, who was distinguished as the politest gentleman of
the times, fairly reflected the tone of society by instructing his
son, in one of his letters, in the art of seduction. Men of fashion
passed the day in debauchery and the night in riot, ending
with beating the watchman. Women often rivalled men m
libertinism and gambled with the same recklessness and for as
fabulous stakes as the stronger sex. Every person prominent in
22 Public Papers of George Clinton.
fashionable society became at once a public character and was
exposed to attacks in the venal and depraved literature of
the times. Noted beauties of gentle birth gloried in the pub-
licity that allied their names in scandal with that of England's
most profligate prince. Dowagers of historic and honored fam-
ilies, in defiance of public sentiment or public morals, publicly
proclaimed their paramours and took pride in their shame. Se-
cret memoirs of the court picture a condition of affairs shocking
and revolting in the extreme.
To George the Third was given an opportunity that is not
opened to one monarch in a thousand years. At twenty-two
years of age he found himself sitting on the throne of the bravest,
the most daring, the most powerful and the most enlightened
people under the sun. With an unintelligent mind and crude
ideas, it is not surprising that he failed to realize what all this
meant — that a king's primal responsibilities were protective and
in what sense his subjects owed him loyalty. He was the first of
the Hanoverian kings to be born in England. His mind had never
been fully developed. His education had never been finished.
From his infancy he had been a servile tool of a mother whose
sympathies had never been English, whose prejudices had always
been intense, whose bigotry was immeasurable. Her influence over
the prince was neither beneficial for the son nor wholesome for
his kingdom. Her questionable morals supplied the wits and
the satirists of the day with a target. Her relations with the
stupid Bute were notorious. She is described by Thackeray
as " a grave, demure, elderly lady who was no worse than her
neighbors;" and this at a time when many of her neighbors lived
in glass houses. The mother sure enough influenced the son;
the Earl of Bute, beyond a doubt, influenced the mother.
Public Papers of George Clinton. 23
It was conditions such as these that William Pitt was sud-
denly called upon to face in October, 1760 — Pitt, the great
minister, the greatest minister England, a country glorious in
great ministers, has ever seen. Whatever his weakness may have
been, Pitt was incorruptible. He was the foremost statesman
of his time, the most dramatic of the eighteenth century. Un-
der his direction England had acquired a power in the ranks of
nations that she never held before. Clive had won the battle
of Plassey and had founded England's empire in India. Wolfe
had defeated Montcalm, and by his tragic death and triumph
at Quebec, had established England's ascendency in Canada
for all time, and had assured Anglo-Saxon supremacy in
North America. But the very powers that made Pitt great
led to his downfall. His brilliancy was his ruin. George dis-
trusted genius. Jealousy, selfishness and avarice have switched
many men, endowed with qualifications of statesmen, from
the path of greatness to the shallows that mean oblivion and
prevented them from reaching a goal that was naturally and
originally within their reach. Monarchs of mediocre ability and
surroundings have attained greatness by allying their judgment
with and following the advice of leaders who have been states-
men, of men who have had the ability to give advice that was
as disinterested as it was sound, as sagacious as it was judi-
cious, as true as it was honest in every respect. But George III
was not weighted with the gifts of a statesman or the common
sense to heed the judgment or to follow the advice of a level-
headed minister; he had neither the intelligence to perceive the
necessity of the one nor the surroundings or environment to sug-
gest to him the necessity of the other.
By the coalition between the Duke of Newcastle and Pitt,
24 Public Papers of George Ci;.inton.
the most picturesque ministry in the history of England had
come into power. In practical politics the Duke was an ex-
pert; for practical politics Pitt entertained the most profound
contempt. In these days of so-called debased politics New-
castle would be denounced as a " machine boss " of the most
pronounced type; for it was he who controlled the patronage
barrel; who received church dignitaries in quest of preferment;
influenced Whigs in search of profitable contracts; and any
individual that had rendered partisan service of any character
and believed he should obtain a valuable concession of any
kind. It was the Duke who patted this follow^er on the back,
who gave money now and a promise then, who shook hands
with the public generally and who tried to send away happy
every person who called upon him for a favor. His methods
were no better or no worse than political methods that
have been practised in our own day. To gain a point he never
hesitated at bribery. While he was gaining points and bribing
and cultivating friends, Pitt, with his nose haughtily in the air,
discountenanced all such unholy practices and was sedulously
making enemies. Relying upon his transcendent intellectual
gifts and his unrivalled oratorical powers, he disdainfully turned
his back upon the questionable business methods of the firm
and would have none of them. Incorruptible himself, he lashed
the morals of the day with unsparing invective. He was as un-
reasonable as he was honest, and arrogant as he was straightfor-
ward. His haughty bearing irritated many and Incensed scores
of persons whose friendship should have been esteemed. To
this evidence of hostility Pitt was to all intents and purposes
not only unmindful but totally indifferent. He had neither
wealth nor sinecure, influence nor patronage to bestow — only the
Public Papers of Gteorgb Clinton. 25
selection of generals to imposing commands. He had been in
public life too long not to understand that corruption was gen-
eral, deep-seated and accessory to the civil service, but he kept
his hands and his skirts clean.
The face of the world's history would have changed had the
King accepted the leadership of Pitt. But the perverse monarch
was not inclined that way. He declared war against the Great
Commoner. Pitt was not the man to avoid the issue. He turned
the heavy guns of his wrath upon Bute and the Princess Dowager
and thundered against " the secret influence more mighty than
the throne itself which betrayed and clogged every administra-
tion." Again he demanded the impeachment of the King's
mother.
Of all the statesmen of the eighteenth century, Pitt was the
most theatrical. The most insignificant acts in his hands be-
came conspicuous; the most trifling occurrenbes/h,e magnified a
thousand fold. He played alike to the galleries of Europe
and to posterity. But if vanity were his weakness love of
liberty and justice was his strength; if life j-ivcyre pompous, affected
and overbearing, his affection for England amounted to a passion
that dwarfed all his shortcomings. An actor on the stage of di-
plomacy he delighted in theatrical exhibitions, in transacting
oflScial business in full dress, in appearing in the House of Lords
with his gouty limbs swathed in flannel.
"Be one people; forget everything but the public. I set you
the example," he cried, when his fall from power was imminent.
His other words : " I am sure that I can save this country and
that nobody else can," prove the confidence of the man in himself.
This was the leader the new King had determined to strip
of office; the minister who had raised England to a position of
26 Public Papers of George Clinton.
power and glory among the nations of the earth. In considera-
tion of the distinguished services, the King created Mrs. Pitt a
peeress in her own right and bestowed upon Pitt himself a pen-
sion of £3,000 a year for three lives.
In counteracting public opinion which raged over Pitt's down-
fall, the King expected to find a valuable ally in the House of
Commons. But the lower House had ceased to represent con-
stituencies because of the wanton corruption that was openly ex-
ercised in selecting and electing members. Seats were bought
and sold in the open market as an every day occurrence, at prices
that ranged from £50 to £5,000. Large cities, such as Birmingham
and Manchester, were unrepresented in Parliament, while rotten
boroughs, such as Old Sarum, that had ceased to exist, retained
their members through the manipulation and influence of poli-
ticians and aristocrats of power. Grave parliamentary abuses
which had bjaen'^WinTained for a century and were notorious the
kingdom over, passed ready muster as a matter of course. The
Commons were no longer accountable to the people as a legislat-
ive factor; ;.t^-^|;ip.e|:|lb^ii5^^^erei 'responsible to no one but them-
selves. Legislative corruption had been reduced to an exact
science and the King profited by it.
When uhable to bully, the King bribed. The Royal
Revenue was used to punish his enemies and reward his friends
and supporters. Parliamentary seats were bought with a reck-
lessness and parliamentary votes with an extravagance unparal-
leled in the history of the country. When other resources failed
pensions were distributed with a liberality that took away the
breath of conservative Britons. It is a matter of record that
under Bute's administration a bureau was opened at the Treas-
ury, exclusively to corrupt members of Parliament, where in
Public Papers of George Clinton. 27
one day were spent £25,000. Such was the debased condition of
affairs that Pitt himself could only procure a seat in the Commons
through the generosity of Robert, Lord Clive, the Hero of Plassey.
George Grenville succeeded Pitt as minister and gave England
what Macaulay terms " the worst administration " since the Rev-
olution of 1688. Grenville is interesting to the English-speak-
ing people for his attack on John Wilkes, and the Liberty of the
Press, and to Americans, because he became the father of the
Stamp Act, a task declined by Walpole in these words when the
colonies were far less powerful: "He who shall propose it will be
a much bolder man than I." The colonies expressed a willing-
ness to furnish supplies far in excess of the amount that the
stamp tax would produce, but Grenville and the King refused
to entertain the proposition.
Pitt, with no power or followers to speak of, contended that
the British Parliament was not competent to pass a law for
taxing the colonies. He condemned the Stamp Act, declared it
to be Unconstitutional and applauded the colonies for resisting
its enforcement. And Pitt out of office was soon shown to be
not only the most influential Englishman of the day but the
most powerful statesman of the age; for his retirement wrought
a change in the relations of almost all the powers of Europe.
Grenville's policy not only destroyed the entente cordiale that
Pitt had established between Prussia and England, but aroused
in the tempestuous breast of Frederick the Great toward Eng-
land and Englishmen, an aversion whose effects are felt upon the
civilized world to-day. With Pitt as minister, England's power
among the nations was unquestioned and absolute; with Pitt in
retirement England occupied an isolated position. It is worth
noting here as illustrative of the potent influence of two great
28 Public Papers of George CLinton.
English statesmen of the time, that nurses and mothers in India,
for nearly a centnrj^ lulled their charges to sleep by singing
of the fleet horses and grandeur of Sahib Warren Hastings, and
that children in France were hushed and awed by a lullaby that
exploited the acts of William Pitt.
Chapxkr IV.
THE STAMP ACT ITS INCEPTION THB^ ALBANY CONVENTION OF
1754 THE STORM BURSTS TEN YEARS LATER ENGLISH STATES-
MEN BLIND TO THE SITUATION THE GOOD NATURE OF THE
AMERICANS IMPOSED UPON FRANKLIN PROTESTS AGAINST THE
STAMP ACT — SAMUEL ADAMS's RESOLUTIONS — COL. BARRB'S
FRIENDSHIP FOR AMERICA PATRICK HENRY VIRGINIA FAVORS
SUBMISSION — henry's RESOLUTIONS RIOTOUS DEMONSTRATIONS
IN BOSTON MAJOR JAMES'S FOOLISH THREAT IN NEIW YORK — •
GOV. COLDEN'S UNCONCILIATORY policy TUMULT IN NEW
YORK REPEAL OF THE STAMP ACT THE BILLETING ACT
NEW York's critical situation — colonies drifting to
VaR THE sons of LIBERTY AND THEIR LIBERTY POLE SOL-
DIERS AND CITIZEiNS CLASH 'THE BATTLE OF GOLDEN HILL
THE SEVERAL BATTLES OVER THE LIBERTY POLE.
The first practical suggestion for a Stamp Act for the colonies
v.as made in 1756 by Lord Shirley, who for fifteen years had been
Governor of Massachusetts. Shirley was sagacious enough to
perceive that Franklin's plan for a union of the colonies was more
far reaching than the authorities in England or the people of this
country realized; that unless the shell were broken, in the course
of time a new nation would be hatched from the egg that was
laid by the Albany Congress of 1754. To secure the friendship of
the Six Nations and to organize a general plan of operations
against the French were the alleged fundamental reasons for
convening that Congress. But here was laid the foundation stone
of federation and independence. Public opinion in this coun-
try and in England failed to grasp the importance of this move-
30 Public Papers of George Clinton.
ment or to see what was to spring from it. " The Albany Plan,"
as it was long afterward called, contemplated the formation not
of a mere league, which the States attempted in 1777, but of a
self-sustaining Federal government, such as finally resulted from
the Federal Constitution, a decade later. Not only the Colonies but
the British Lords of Trade rejected the plan; the former because
the Grand Council threatened their liberties, the latter because
they were preparing a plan of their own for the management
of the Colonies, a plan that embraced a complete reorganization
of the governments of the colonies, creating a standing army,
enforcing the navigation laws and imposing taxes by parlia-
mentary enactment.
The peace of 1763 between England and France brought com-
plications instead of conciliation between England and her
American colonies. From Massachusetts to Georgia a train of
discontent developed. English manufacturers and merchants
complained bitterly of the disastrous effect upon their interests
of American competition; they bemoaned the heavy losses they
had incurred by the depreciation of colonial paper that had been
issued during the French war; they clamored for the enforcement
of the navigation laws and the suppression of smuggling, which
was openly maintained along the Atlantic coast by the Colonies.
With one hand the royal authorities seemed determined to rifle
the colonies of their profits, and with the other to paralyze their
industries. The Navigation Laws closed our ports against all but
British vessels; compelled the exportation of American produc-
tions to England or to English colonies; the importation of con-
tinental merchandise through England and in English bottoms.
The colonics had but one way to retaliate — to repudiate British
goods and to clothe themselves as best they could in homespun
fabrics.
Public Papers of George Clinton. 31
In the spring of 1764 the storm burst. Lord Shirley had
favored the union of the Colonies, but rejected Franklin's sagac-
ious plan and suggested that the expenses of the recent war
should be met by the creation of a general fund that could be
maintained by means of a " stamp duty." Grenville introduced
his obnoxious Declaratory Eesolves into Parliament in March,
1764. A year later the act was passed. It provided that all in-
struments in writing, including all commercial and legal docu-
ments, newspapers, and so forth, were to bear stamps, ranging in
price from three pence to ten pounds, and were to be purchased
from the agents of the British Government. Without these
stamps, notes of hand were valueless, suits at law out of
the question, marriages nullified, transfers of real estate and
inheritances invalid. No one in England from Grenville to his
least influential agent foresaw the slightest opposition to the
act. Otis in Massachusetts, Franklin in Pennsylvania, Knox
from Georgia and Fitch, Governor of Connecticut, were of opin-
ion that the colonies would peaceably accept the situation. It is
true that the influence of certain American representatives in
England was lulled by permitting them to name the stamp offi-
cers for their respective colonies, a sinister bargain to which no
less a person that the sagacious Franklin fell a victim.
The most prominent statesman in Europe regarded the Ameri-
cans as the best-natured and easiest going people of the world.
For years and years the colonists had submitted to aggressions
upon their rights and privileges and accepted rigorous taxation
as a matter of course, and apparently seemed perfectly willing to
receive nothing in return — not even protection. The American
rarely saw the high-salaried office holders who were maintained
by revenue derived from the colonies. When he required iron, tea,
32 Public Papers of Gteorge Clinton.
coffee, sugar, salt or spices, he found the tariff too high to enable
him to indulge his tastes or to understand where protection came
in. His products and profits were taken from him without his
receiving any equivalent in return. Taxes were direct and
inquisitorial and had first been imposed in New York a century
and a quarter before the Eevolution.
As early as 1677 a poll tax had been suggested. The Stamp
Act of 1764 was by no means an original proposition. Governor
Cosby of New York had recommended one twenty-two years
before. In 1755 Governor DeLancey had proposed one. For ten
years before the Stamp Act was put in operation, the average
revenue from hawkers' and peddlers' licenses amounted to £1,000
on the basis of a two per cent tax. New York alone raised a
revenue of £5,000. The import duties were imposed on distilled
liquors, tobacco, cocoa, slaves, wines and East India goods. Gov-
ernor Tryon estimated the expense of the colony in 1773 at
£17,567. Adam Smith said the civil establishment of the colony
cost £4,500 sterling. Richard Henry Lee estimated in 1774
that the annual revenues raised from America for the Crown,
exceeded £80,000. In 1779, Hamilton estimated that the whole
debt of the Colonies was not in excess of a hundred dollars a
head, yet Congress feared to take hold of the subject of taxation.
In refuting the charge that America was ungrateful Franklin
wrote :
" Then the next best thing seems to be, leaving them in the quiet enjoyment of their
respective constitutions; and when money is wanted for any public service, in which
they ought to bear a part, calling upon them by requisitorial letters from the crown
(according to the long established custom) to grant such aids as their loyalty shall
dintate and their abilities permit. The very sensible and benevolent author of that
paper seems not to have known, that such a constitutional custom subsists and has
always hitherto been practised in America, or he would not have expressed himself in
this manner.
" It is evident beyond a doubt to the intelligent and impartial, that after the very
extraordinary efforts which were effectually made by Great Britain in the late war to
save the colonists from destruction and attended of necessity with an enormous
Public Papers of George Clinton. 33
load of debts in consequence, that the same colonists, now firmly secured from foreign
enemies, should be somehow induced to contribute some proportion towards the
exigencies of state in future.
" This looks as if he conceived the war had been carried on at the sole expense of
Great Britain and the colonies only reaped the benefit without hitherto sharing the
burden and were, therefore, now indebted to Britain on that account. And this is the
same kind of argument that is used by those who would fix on the colonies the heavy
charge of unreasonableness and ingratitude which I think your friend did not intend.
" Please to acquaint him, then, that the fact is not so; that every year during the
war, requisitions were made by the crown on the colonies for raising money and men;
that accordingly they made more extraordinary efforts in proportion to their abilities
than Britain did; that they raised, paid and clothed, for five or six years, near 25,000
men, besides providing for other services as building forts, equipping guard ships,
paying transports, etc. And that this was more than their fair proportion is not
merely an opinion of mine but was the judgment of government here, in full knowl-
edge of all the facts; for the then ministry to make the burden more equal, recom-
mended the case to Parliament and obtained a reimbursement to the Americans of
about £200,000 sterling every year; which amounted only to about two-fifths of their
expense; and great part of the rest lies still a load of debt upon them; heavy taxes
on all their estates real and personal, being laid by acts of their assemblies to dis-
charge it and yet will not discharge it in many years.
" "While then these burdens continue; while Britain restrains the colonies in every
branch of commerce and manufactures that she thinks interferes with her own; while
she drains the colonies by her trade with them of all the cash they can procure by
every art and industry in any part of the world and thus keeps them always in her
debt (for they can make no law to discourage the importation of your, to them,
ruinous superfluities, as you do the superfluities of France."
Although the obnoxious law was not to go into effect until
November, 1764, the Colonies lost no time in uttering protests.
They clearly divined the policy of coercion and greed the mother
country was pursuing. They now recalled the unjust and arbi-
tary writs of assistance which Chief Justice Hutchinson had
issued in Massachusetts, in connection with the enforcement of
the navigation laws; the serious encroachment upon their liber-
ties by the action of the Crown in modifying the act relating to
the Chief Justice of New York — who was appointed " during good
behavior " under the old conditions — " during the King's plea-
sure " under the new. Massachusetts had rebelled against the
one proposition and New York against the other; but their
united efforts had produced no effect upon the Parliament or
the Crown. Samuel Adams had drawn up a series of resolutions
of remonstrance in the Boston town meeting in May, 1764, which
34 Public Papers of Gteorge Clinton.
uttered the first public denial of the right of Parliament to tax
the Colonies without their consent. From his place in Parlia-
ment, Col. Isaac Barr^, who had JDeen Wolfe's companion during
the Quebec campaign and who had become conversant with the
American character, arose with fire darting from hi& eye and
exclaimed :
" They planted 'by your care! No; your oppressions planted them in America. They
fled from your tyranny to a then uncultivated, unhospitable country, where they
exposed themselves to almost all the hardships to which human nature is liable; and
among others to the cruelties of a savage foe, the most subtle, and I will take upon
me to say, the most formidable of any people upon the face of God's earth; and yet
actuated by principles of true English liberty, they met all hardships with pleasure,
compared with those they suffered in their own country, from the hands of those who
should have been their friends.
" They nourished up by tour indulgence?
" They grew by your neglect of them! As soon as you began to care about them,
that care was exercised in sending persons to rule them in one department and
another, who were perhaps the deputies of deputies to some member of this house,
sent to spy out their liberties, to misrepresent their actions and to prey upon them;
men whose behavior on many occasions has caused the blood of those sons of ltbbrtt
to recoil within them; men promoted to the highest seats of justice, some who, to my
knowledge, were glad, by going to a foreign country, to escape being brought to the
bar of a court of justice in their own."
The phrase " Sons of Liberty " dropped flat and unnoticed in
England; three months later it was established as household
words in every patriot home from the Merrimac to the St. Mary's,
and from the Atlantic Ocean to the Ohio.
If Massachusetts was the first Colony to deny the right of
Parliament to tax the Colonies without their consent, it was
Virginia that first "rang the alarum bell." The House of
Burgesses of the Old Dominion happened to be in session; a body
of men conspicuous for learning, ability and independence.
Among them sat a young man of twenty-nine years, who lived in
the county of Hanover, but who by the merest accident repre-
sented another county, that of Louisa— Patrick Henry. He was
not without fame justly deserved. He was red haired, ardent
and impetuous; he possessed a rich and copious vocabulary, a
Public Papers of George Clinton. 35
diction that could blaze to the heights of the purest oratory, and
a ringing voice with a strong Scotch burr that led the thought-
less and the prejudiced to accuse its owner of illiteracy. He had
long been recognized among the yeomanry of Virginia as a born
leader in the cause of Colonial rights. His outspoken senti-
ments, his indifference to Tory influence, his contempt for Parlia-
ment, his strong confidence in the people of his country, his un-
flagging courage in maintaining his convictions, and his un-
rivalled eloquence, placed him the first day of his appearance in
public life upon a pedestal from which in the hearts of his
countrymen he has never been removed.
The adoption of the Stamp Act had thrown the Virginia Legis-
lature on its beam ends. The general sentiment of the Colonists
favored a submission of differences to Parliament, but Patrick
Henry thought otherwise. The boldness of his character was
never more strongly illustrated than when on the blank leaf of
an old copy of " Coke Upon Littleton " he wrote his famous
resolutions against the Stamp Act, which he — alone, unadvised
and unassisted — submitted to the House then in Committee of
the Whole, May 29 :
" Resolved, That the first adventurers and settlers of this his Majesty's colony
and dominion brought with them, and transmitted to their posterity, and all other his
Majesty's subjects since inhabiting in this his Majesty's said colony, all the privileges,
franchises, and immunities that have at any time been held, enjoyed, and possessed
by the people of Great Britain.
" Resolved, That by two royal charters, granted by King James the First, the
colonists aforesaid are declared entitled to. all the privileges, liberties, and immunities
of denizens and natural-born subjects, to all intents and purposes as if they had been
abiding and born within the realm of England.
" Resolved, That the taxation of the people by themselves, or by persons chosen by
themselves to represent them, who can only know what taxes the people are able to
bear, and the easiest mode of raising them, and are equally affected by such taxes
themselves, is the distinguishing characteristick of British freedom, and without which
the ancient Constitution cannot subsist.
" Resolved, That his Majesty's liege people of this most ancient colony have unin-
terruptedly enjoyed the right of being thus governed by their own Assembly in the
article of their taxes and internal police, and that the same hath never been forfeited
or any other way given up, but hath been constantly recognized by the kings and
people of Great Britain.
36 Public Papers of George Clinton.
" Resolved, therefore. That the General Assembly of this colony have the only and
sole exclusive right and power to lay taxes and impositions upon the inhabitants of
this colony, and that every attempt to vest such power in any person or persons
whatsoever, other than the General Assembly aforesaid, has a manifest tendency to
destroy British as well as American freedom."
It was while debating the fifth resolution that Henry, with a
voice and gesture that threw the members into consternation^ ex-
claimed: "Caesar had his Brutus, Charles the First his Crom-
well and George the Third — "
" Treason " cried the Speaker, Mr. Kobinson.
" Treason, Treason !" was heard from all parts of the House.
" May profit by their example! If this be treason make the
most of it," roared Henry, rising to the loftiest pinnacle of elo-
quence.
Several months elapsed before popular demonstrations against
the Stamp Act occurred. The first outbreak happened in Boston.
Grenville had dropped from the post of the head of the British
Treasury and had been succeeded by the guileless and harmless
Marquis of Rockingham, whose knowledge of the pedigrees of run-
ning horses was as thorough as his knowledge of the history and
requirements of the Colonies was restricted. On August 8, 1765,
the list of names of the stamp distributors was published before
the Colonies had learned of the change in the ministry. At day-
break of Wednesday, the 14th of August, Boston saw suspended
from the "Liberty Tree" an effigy of Oliver, the stamp distributor
of Massachusetts, accompanied Jby emblems of Bute and Gren-
ville. That night "an amazing multitude," bearing the effigies on
a bier, passed down the main street of Boston, stalked through
the State Hall, crying: "Liberty," "Liberty," "Property" and
" No stamps." Cries for Oliver were made. Had he been found
" he would certainly have been murthered," said Bernard. The
mob gave three cheers of defiance before dispersing. For two
Public Papers of George Clinton. 37
weeks Boston lay in an uneasj^ state of mind. Mob rule was
dominant and the Crown officers were powerless. On August 26tli,
a crowd gathered before a bonfire in front of the State House.
At a word the records of the Admiralty Court were collected
and tossed into the flames; the residence of the Comptroller of
Customs was turned inside out; the house of Hutchinson was
pillaged and burned, his plate ruined, and his books and manu-
scripts were destroyed.
The Colonies were in a ferment. Boston's rebellious policy
toward the stamp distributors was followed in other cities,
though not to so radical a degree. New York, the capital of
the Middle Province, w^as the general headquarters of the British
Army. Here General Gage was supreme. But the rebellious
spirit of the people and the defiant tone of the press disturbed him
as it had alarmed Lieutenant-Governor Colden. A reinforce-
ment of two batteries of artillery from England for a time re-
assured the Royalists and led Mayor James, who commanded
the Royal Artillery, to boast, " I will cram the stamps down
their throats with the end of my sword." The blustering and
bullying course of the authorities inflamed the public mind to a
greater degree.
The Royal Governors of the Colonies had decided to put the
Stamp Act in force on October 31st. Under the lead of Isaac
Sears, the aggressive chief of the Sons of Liberty, the merchants
of New York on that day unanimously agreed that unless the
Stamp Act were repealed, they would refrain from importing
goods from England. Lawyers transacted business without the
stamps. The presence of the troops emboldened Colden. He
had written to the Royal authorities that he was resolved to
enforce the law, and he had appointed his son as distributor to
38 Public Papers of George Clinton.
make that promise good. He little understood tlie temper of the
people. The stamp papers were brought to New "York by the
British ship '' Edward " Captain Davis. Golden intended
to deposit the papers in the fort at the Battery, under
guard of the redoubtable James. But the people of the city arose
en masse. Business was suspended. The word had been passed
and hundreds of Loyalists swarmed into town from the surround-
ing country. Colden requested and received a detachment of
marines from the war ship and retired to the fort with the
determination of firing upon the mob. He had the opportunity
but refrained, for a threat had reached him that, were he to do
so, his body would swing from the nearest lamp post.
He had the humiliation to observe from the fort, sur-
rounded by Royal troops, the monster procession approach,
parading a wooden thirty-two pounder cannon and a stand on
which was placed an effigj of himself and the devil; to receive
from the ringleader a summons for the surrender of the stamps,
which he refused; to see his coach-house broken into, his coach
of state confiscated and ornamented by the eflflgies, which were
again paraded through the streets, only in the end to be con-
sumed in flames, coach and efiigies together, in a huge bonfire
which the mob started on the Bowling Green, Nor was the
end here. A fragment of the mob paid its respects to Major
James, ransacked his residence and tumbled its contents into
the flames. Gage would have fired upon the mob but for the fear
of precipitating Civil War; the mob would have assaulted the
fort but for the interposition of the cooler heads among them.*
* Lieutenant Governor Colden, in a letter to General Henry Seymour Conway, Secre-
tary of State, under date of New York, November 5, 1765, describes these events as
follows:
" In a day or two after the date of my Letter of the 26th of last Month which I
had the honour to write to you, the Packages of stamp'd Papers were landed from his
Public Papers of George Clinton. . 39
The next day, November 2d, Golden surrendered; lie promised
to suspend action. Eventually the stamps were turned over to
the city authorities, law and order were restored, and so far
as the law itself was concerned, the episode had ended, for the
following year the King was forced to accept the new ministry
of the Marquis of Rockingham, with the brilliant and distin-
guished Gonway,* who had been one of the bitterest opponents
Majesty's ship Garland at noonday without a Guard or the least appearance of discon-
tent among the People. This gave me great hopes that I should be able to deliver up
the administration of Government to Sir Henry Moore as I had Inform'd you I had
much at heart to do.
" But on the evening of the first day of this month the Mob began to collect
together, & after it became dark, they came up to the Fort Gate with a great number
of boys carrying Torches & a scaffold on which two Immages were placed: One to
represent the Governor in his grey hairs, & the other the Devil by his side. The
scaffold with the Immages was brought up within 8 or 10 feet of the Fort Gate with the
grossest ribaldry from the Mob. As they went from the Gate they broke open my
coach house, took my chariot out of it, & carried it round the Town with the Immages
& return 'd to the Fort Gate from whence they carried them to an open place, where
they had erected a Jibbett within 100 yards of the Fort Gate, there hung up the
Immages. After hanging some time they were cut down, & burnt in a fire prepared
for the purpose together with my Chariot, a single Horse chair & two sledges, our
usual Carriages when Snow is on the Ground, which they took out of my Coach
House. While this was doing a great number of Gentlemen of the Town, if they
can be called so, stood round to observe this outrage on their King's Governor. The
Garrison was at the same time on the Ramparts with preparation sufficient to have
destroyed them, but not a single return was made in words or otherwise from any
Man in the Fort while this egregious Insult was performing. You may be assured
Sir that the People of this Place have not had at any time the least provocation from
me, either in words or any kind of action other than the receiving the Packages with
the stamped Papers into the Fort, & putting the Fort in a posture of Defence after
open and bold Threats were made of takeing it by Force, tho' every artifice was used
to make me say or do some rash thing.
" When I make one concession, another more insolent is demanded as I expected it
would be. It is given out that the Mob will storm the Fort this night. I am not
apprehensive of their carrying their purpose, probably it may he attended with much
bloodshed, because a great part of the Mob consists of Men who have been Privateers
& disbanded Soldiers whose view is to plunder the Town.
" This goes by Major James of the Royal Artillery, who with much zeal for his
Majesty's service put the Fort in the best posture of defense he could, for which
reason the Mob, the same night they insulted their Governour, broke open his house,
burnt all his furniture, wearing cloaths & everything in it to a great value at the
same time threatening to take away his life in the most shameful manner. He will
be able Sir to inform j'ou of everything that has passed, & knows the authors of these
Rebellious Proceedings."
* Conway enjoyed the reputation of being one of the most picturesque figures in
England. Rugged in his honesty, independent in his convictions, and straightforward
in expressing them, handsome in person, gracious but reserved In manner, he
especially gloried in the great triumph that enabled him to destroy the Stamp Act, in
40 Public Papers of George Clinton.
of the act, and who moved its repeal in the House, now Secre-
tary of State for the Colonies, assisted by William ±*itt, who left
a sick bed to defend and applaud the Americans for their resist-
ance, and thus the obnoxious law was repealed.
On October, 1765, delegates from nine out of the thirteen
Colonies met in New York in what is known as the Stamp Act
Congress. The Colonies not represented were New Hampshire,
Virginia, North Carolina and Georgia. The Southern Colonies,
however, had failed to receive the letters that had been sent
from Massachusetts calling for a Congress or Convention. The
New Hampshire Assembly questioned its authority to appoint
representatives although it approved of the Congress. On
the nineteenth day of their deliberations, the Congress con-
sidered the Declaration of Rights and the grievances of all
the Colonies, which were embodied in the thirteen resolutions
which, in substance, set forth that the inhabitants of the
Colonies owed the same allegiance to the King as the peo-
ple of Great Britain and proper subordination to Parliament;
that they were entitled to the same rights, privileges and im-
munities as the people of the home country; that no taxes can
be imposed upon a free people except by their own consent or
that of their representatives; that the Colonies are not and can-
not be represented in the House of Commons. The Colonists
claimed that all supplies to the Crown are free gifts from the
people, and that as they had no representation in Parliament it
was unreasonable in Great Britain to grant the property of the
inhabitants of the Colonies; that trial by jury is the right of the
British subject; that the Stamp Act had a tendency to subvert
the face of the debased and corrupt influences of the Crown. Burke, in after
years said: " I stood near him and his face to use the expression of the scriptures of
the first martyr, his face was as it were, the face of an angel."
Public Papers of George Clinton. 41
the rights and liberties of the Colonists; that the duties imposed
by recent acts of Parliament are grievous and the payment im-
practicable; that the restrictions on trade imposed upon the Col-
onies will render them unable to purchase British manufactures;
that the increase in prosperity of the Colonies depends upon the
free enjoyment of their rights and liberties; and finally that the
Colonists have the right to petition the King or either House of
Parliament.
Having adopted resolutions, made an address and sent a peti-
tion to the King, a memorial and petition to the House of Lords
and a petition to the House of Commons, amplifying the griev-
ances considered in the resolutions. Congress adjourned on Octo-
ber 25.
The repeal of the Stamp Act was received in America with
every manifestation of delight. It was regarded as a great tri-
umph for the Colonists, and in the victory many long-headed
men saw the dawn of independence. In the same session of Par-
liament which saw the repeal of the Stamp Act was passed an
amendment to the Annual Mutiny or Billeting Act* for the gov-
ernment of troops in America. The purpose of this amendment
was to insure an increased ration for the troops by supplying
them with salt, vinegar and beer or cider, but the act provided
further that the expense incurred in the purchase of these ar-
*Up to the rebellion of 1745, the quartering of troops in. Great Britain had been
indiscriminately nracticed, and this imposition in the face of the 12th act of Queen
Anne, which went into effect June 5, 1714, and which specifically provided that
" nothing in this act contained shall be construed to extend to compel the quartering
of any officer or soldier of the regiments of foot within that part of Great Britain
called England, the dominions of Wales and town of Berwick upon Tweed, unless it
be within ten miles of the palace or place of her majesty's usual residence or within
ten miles of the place where her majesty shall be present or in some garrison or
garrisons where sufficient barracks are not provided for them and unless it be in the
marches of such officers and soldiers; and that in such marches no person shall be
obliged to quarter them more than six days at a time; nothing in this act to the
contrary notwithstanding."
42 Public Papers of Gtborge Olinton.
tides should fall upon the Colonies in which the troops were
quartered. The day following that on which Sir Henry MO'Ore
Bart., Governor of New York, announced to the Assembly that
the Stamp Act had been repealed, he sent a message notifying
the delegates of the additional expense that would be entailed
by the new ration. It had happened that a number of troops
had marched into the province and the Governor said they were
daily expected in New York city.
The Assembly delayed consideration of the Governor's mes-
sage, but after the arrival of the troops, who had been put to
more or less inconvenience for want of quarters, an address was
presented by the delegates, who had purposely omitted all men-
tion of the ration question, and who agreed to furnish quarters
for the troops, with only such necessaries as they had been for-
merly accustomed to. War between the Governor and the Co-
lonial Assembly was at once declared. The one sent repeated
messages, the other returned them with addresses. Twice the
Assembl}' was prorogued.
In one of the addresses the delegates emphatically refused
to lay additional burdens on their constituents. In several of
the other colonies where troops were stationed, equally strenu-
ous opposition to the enforcement of the new law was maintained.
The British Parliament, in retaliation for New York's rebellious
course, now asserted its sovereignty and passed, at the instiga-
tion of Charles Townshend, First Lord of Trade, the act of 1767,
which suspended the Assembly until it made provision for the
troops, and as a further punishment imposed import duties on
goods entering American ports. On October 1, 1767,the act of sus-
pension went into effect, and the announcement was made to
the Assembly on November 18th.
Public Papers of George Clinton. 43
Had New York been defiant, legislation would have been sus-
pended for two years. The King and Parliament had been pe-
titioned against the act of suspension, a law which had been
pronounced alarming and dangerous. Able lawyers of the Col-
onies contended that the imposition of duties, without the con-
sent of the people, was subversive of all constitutional rights.
New York had cheerfully met the oppressive financial demands
that had been made by the Crown during the French War, and
found herself heavily in debt at the close of that war, and was
now unwilling, in time of peace, to swell that debt as the Bil-
leting Act would do. Christopher Gadsden declared that the Bil-
leting Act taxed the Colonies as effectually as the Stamp Act,
and that he never had heard a reason why regular troops were
maintained in New York for so long a time.
New York was forced to accept the situation unconditionally.
Her disfranchisement would have proven disastrous to her com-
mercial and financial interests, for the feeling against America
and Americans at that time in England was bitter, and those in
authority, unacquainted with the temper, characteristics and dis-
position of the Colonists were disposed to go to extreme limits in
persecution and coercion.
New York, therefore, in a feeling of amity not unmixed with
submission to the inevitable, voted on June 6th, an appropriation
of £3,000, payable to General Gage, " for furnishing necessaries
for his Majesty's troops quartered within this Colony;" and on
December 21st, £1,500 additional, payable to the Governor or
Commander in Chief.
George Clinton had made his first appearance in political life
in this assembly, as member from Ulster, and at once was recog-
nized as a leader of the embryo American party, in antagonism
to British encroachments upon American liberty.
44 Public Papers op George Clinton.
The Colonists were drifting toward war without realizing what
their destiny was. They were torn by conflicting emotions, —
loyalty to their sovereign and loyalty to their own manhood. The
Puritan of Massachusetts issued a circular letter which was in-
dorsed by the cavalier of Virginia, while the Dutchman of New
York crowned the general protest against the usurpation of
colonial rights by the Mother Country, by asserting his manhood
in a manner at once emphatic and unequivocal.
In spite of the concession, the billeting of troops was a source
of constant irritation to New York. Disturbances were frequent
between the soldiers and the Colonists. The Sixteenth and
Twenty-eighth Regiments at New York, and the Twenty-ninth
regiment at Boston stretched the patience and endurance of the
people to the utmost, by their swaggering intolerance and blus
tering insolence.
In joyful recognition of the repeal of the Stamp Act, the Sons
of Liberty of New York celebrated the event in a unique man-
ner. In a part of " The Fields" where now rises the Post OflSce
Building in City Hall Park, they erected a liberty pole, which
was dedicated to " The King, Pitt and Liberty." A dozen tar
barrels were suspended from the top of the pole. On the north
side of " The Fields " they placed in position twenty-five pieces of
ordnance. They gathered twenty-five cords of wood for bonfires.
To add to the general hilarity of the occasion, two oxen were
roasted, twenty-five barrels of beer were provided, and a barrel of
rum, with the necessary concomitants to brew a punch. Through-
out the proceedings a band played patriotic airs.
Two months later a party of soldiers attached to the Twenty-
eighth Regiment, felled the pole to the ground. The following
day a new pole took its place. Six weeks later pole number two
met the same fate as its predecessor. Nothing daunted, the Sons
Public Papers of George Clinton. 45
»■■
of Liberty, under the dashing lead of such patriots as Isaac Seais
and Alexander McDougall, raised pole number three within
forty-eight hours. This pole was allowed to stand for six months
undisturbed, although frequent clashes had occurred during the
winter between the soldiers and the Colonists, who resented the
many outrages perpetrated by the former. On the night of March
18-19, 1767, the third pole was destroyed and before sundown of
the 19th pole number four had taken its place. For five nights in
succession the soldiers attempted to fell it, one effort having been
made to blow it up with gunpowder, but owing to the strong iron
braces which protected it, and the vigilance of the watch that
was set to guard it, the vandals were prevented from carrying
out their schemes. The situation was becoming critical, even to
the most conservative observer, and on the final night, by direc-
tion of the Governor, Sir Henry Moore, who had been warned
that serious consequences were imminent, the marauders were
intercepted by an officer who ordered them to their quarters.
For three years the pole remained unmolested, but when the
Tory Assembly voted the appropriation for quartering the troops,
the latent energy and patriotism of the people were aroused over
this so-called betrayal of their trust, and a number of citizens, es-
timated at 1,400, gathered on the Commons pursuant to a public
call, which was signed " A Son of Liberty," and appointed a com-
mittee, with John Lamb as chairman, to report the proceedings
to their representatives. For issuing this handbill* and another
which was subsequently circulated. Lamb and Alexander Mc-
* The socalled McDougall handbill reads as follows as taken from the original in the
New York Historical Society:
" To the BETRAYED Inhabitants of the City and Colony of NEW YORK.
" My dear Fellow Citizens and Countrymen,
" In a Day when the Minions of Tyranny and Despotism in the mother Country, and
the Colonies, are indefatigable in laying every Snare that their malevolent and corrupt
Hearts can suggest, to enslave a free People; when this unfortunate Country has been
46 Public Papers of George, CLusn'ON.
Dougall were arrested. The former was discliarged, but the lat-
ter was held in jail frora January, 1770, to the following April,
striving under many Disadvantages for three Years past, to preserve their Freedom;
which to an Englishman is as dear as his Life, — when the Merchants of this City and
the Capital Towns on the Continent, have nobly and cheerfully sacrificed their private
Interests to the publick Good, rather than to promote the Designs of the Enemies of
our happy Constitution; it might justly be expected, that in this day of Constitutional
Light, the Representatives of this Colony, would not be so hardy, nor be so lost, to
all Sense of Duty to their Constituents, (especially after the laudable Example of the
Colonies of Massachusetts Bay and South Carolina, before them) as to betray the
Trust committed to them. This they have done, in passing the Vote to give the
Troops a Thousand Pounds, out of any Monies that may be in the Treasury, and
another Thousand out of the Money that may be issued, to be put out on Loan, which
the Colony will be obliged to make good; whether the Bill for that Purpose does or
does not obtain the Royal Assent. And that they have betrayed the Liberties of the
People, will appear from the following Consideration, to wit: That the Ministry are
waiting to see, whether the Colonies, under their distressed Circumstances, will divide
on any of the grand Points, which they are united in, and contending for, with the
Mother Country; by which they may carry their Designs against the Colonies, and
keep in the Administration. For if this should not take Place, the Acts must be
repealed; which will be a Reflection on their Conduct, and will bring the Reproach
and Clamour of the Nation on them for the Loss of Trade to the Empire, which their
Mal-conduct has occasioned.
" Our granting Money to the Troops, it is implicitly acknowledging the Authority
that enacted the Revenue Acts, and their being obligatory on us. As these Acts were
enacted for the express Purpose of taking Money out of our Pockets, without our
Consent; and to provide for the Defending and Support of Government in America;
which Revenue we say by our Grant of Money, is not sufficient for the Purposb
aforesaid; therefore we supply the Deficiency.
" This was the Point of View in which these Acts were considered by the Massa-
chusetts and South Carolina Assemblies, and to prevent that dangerous Construction,
refuted it. On this important Point we have differed with these spirited Colonies, and
do implicitly approve of all the tyrannical conduct of the Ministry to the Bostonians.
and by Implication censure their laudable and patriotic Denial. For if they did right
(which every sensible American thinks they did) in refusing to pay the Billeting
Money, surely we have done wrong, very wrong, in giving it. But our Assembly says,
they do their Duty, in granting the Money to the Troops; Consequently the Massa-
chusetts Assembly did not do theirs, in not obeying the Ministerial Mandate. If this
is not a division in this grand Point, I know not what is; and I doubt not but the
Ministry will let us know it to our cost; for it will furnish them wltn arguments and
fresh Courage. Is this a grateful Retaliation to that brave and sensible People, for
the spirited and early Notice they took of the Suspending Act? No, it is base
Ingratitude, and betraying the Common Cause of Liberty.
" To what other Influence than the deserting the American Cause, can the Ministry
attribute so pusillanimous a Conduct, as this of the Assembly? so repugnant and
subversive of all the means we have used, and opposition that has been made by this
and the other Colonies, to the tyrannical Conduct of the British Parliament? To no
other. Can there be a more ridiculous Farce to impose on the People, than for the
Assembly to vote their Thanks to be given to the Merchants, for entering into an
Agreement not to import Goods from Britain, until the Revenue Acts should be
repealed, while they at the same Time counteract it by countenancing British Acts,
and complying with Ministerial Requisitions, incompatible with our Freedom? Surely
there cannot.
Public Papers of George Clinton. 47
when he was released on bail. The Assembly voted these circu-
lars libellous.
" And what makes the Assembly's granting this Money the more grievous, is, that
it goes to the Support of Troops kept here, not to protect, but to enslave us. Has not
the truth of this Remark been lately exemplified in the audacious, domineering and
inhuman Maj. Pullaine, who ordered a Guard to protect a sordid Miscreant, that
transgressed the laudable Non-Importation Agreement of the Merchants, in order to
break that, which is the only means left them, under God, to bafile the Designs of
their Enemies, to enslave this Continent. This Consideration alone ought to be
sufficient to induce a free People, not to grant the Troops any Supply whatsoever, if
we had no dispute with the Mother Country, that made it necessary not to concede
any thing that might destroy our Freedom; Reasons of Economy and good Policy
suggest, that we ought not to grant the Troops Money.
" Whoever is the least acquainted with the English History, must know, that
Grants frequently made to the Crown, is not to be refused, but with some Degree of
Danger of disturbing the Repose of the Kingdom or Colony. This evinces the Expe-
diency of our stopping these Grants now, while we are embroiled with the Mother
Country; that so we may not, after the Grand Controversy is settled, have a new
Bone of Contention about the Billeting Money; which must be the Case if we do not
put an End to it at this time: For the Colony, in its impoverished state, cannot
support a charge which amounts to near as much per Annum, as all the other expenses
of the Government besides.
" Hence it follows, that the Assembly have not been attentive to the Liberties of the
Continent; nor to the Property of the good People of this Colony, in particular. We
must therefore attribute this Sacrifice of the public Interest to some corrupt Source.
This is very manifest in the Guilt and Confusion that covered the Faces of the
perfidious Abettors of this Measure, when the House was in Debate on the Subject.
Mr. Colden knows, from the Nature of Things, that he cannot have the least Prospect
to be in Administration again; and therefore, that he may make Hay while the Sun
shines, and get a full Salary from the Assembly, flatters the ignorant Members of it,
with the Consideration of the Success of a Bill, to emit a Paper Currency, when he
and his artful Coadjutors must know, that it is only a Snare to impose on the Simple;
for it will obtain the Royal Assent. But while he is solicitous to obtain his Salary,
he must attend to his Posterity. And as some of his Children hold Offices under the
Government, if he did not procure an Obedience to its Requisitions, or do his duty,
in Case the Assembly refused the Billetting Money by dissolving them, his Children
might be in danger of losing their Offices. If he dissolved the Assembly, they would
not give him his Salary.
" The Delancy Family Knowing the Ascendency they have in the present House of
Assembly, and how useful that Influence will be to their Ambitious Designs, to
manage a new Governor, have left no Stone unturned to prevent a Dissolution. The
Assembly, conscious to themselves, of having trampled on the Liberties of the People,
and fearing their just Resentments on such an Event, are equally careful to preserve
their Seats, expecting that if they can do it at this critical Juncture, as its
imagined the grand Controversy will be settled this Winter, they vrtll serve for
Seven Years; in which Time they hope the People will forget the present injuries
done to them. To secure these several Objects, the Delancy Family, like true
Politicians, altho' they were to all Appearance, at mortal Odds with Mr. Colden, and
represented him in all Companies, as an Enemy to his Country; yet a Coalition is now
formed, in order to secure to them the Sovereign Lordship of this Colony: The Effect
of which has given Birth to the Abominable Vote, by which the Liberties of the
People are betrayed. In short, they have brought Matters to such a Pass, that all the
48 Public Papers of G-eorgb Clinton.
And now the ill-feeling that had been suppressed for many
months, broke out anew between the soldiers and the citizens.
" If the people of New York are more restrained," wrote Gover-
nor Hutchinson, of Massachusetts, at this time, " it is owing to
the form of government of their city." On January 13, 1770, sev-
eral men from the Sixteenth Regiment attacked the liberty pole,
cut away the iron braces and vainly tried to shatter it with gun-
powder. A number of citizens from Montanye's, the headquar-
ters of the Sons of Liberty, on the opposite side of Broadway,
had seen this act of vandalism and upon expressing their
views were assailed by the soldiers. Montanye's place was
wrecked and the citizens would have fared badly had not a party
of officers appeared on the scene and ordered the marauders to
their quarters. The two succeeding nights witnessed unsuccess-
Checks resulting from the Form of our happy Constitution, are destroyed. The
Assembly might as well invite the Council, to save the Trouble of Formalities, to take
their Seats in the House of Assembly, and place the Lieutenant Governor in the
Speaker's Chair, and then there would be no Waste of Time in going from House to
House, and his Honour would have the Pleasure to see how zealous his former
Enemies are in promoting his Interests to serve themselves. Is this a State tp be
rested in, where our all is at Stake? No, my Countrymen, Rouse! imitate the noble
Example of the Friends of Liberty in England, who rather than be enslaved, contend
for their Rights with the K— g. Lords and Commons. And will you suffer your
Liberties to be torn from you by your own Representatives? Tell it not in Boston;
publish it not in the Streets of Charlestown! You have means yet left to preserve a
Unanimity with the brave Bostonians and Carolinians; and to prevent the Accomplish-
ment of the Designs of Tyrants. The House was so nearly divided on the Subject of
granting the Money in the Way the Vote passed, that one would have prevented it;
you have therefore a respectable Minority. What I would advise to be done, is, to
assemble in the Fields, on Monday next, where your Sense ought to be taken on this
important Point; notwithstanding the impudence of Mr. Jauncey, in declaring in the
House, that he had consulted his Constituents, and that they were for giving Money.
After this is done, go in a Body to your Members, and insist on their joining with
the Minority to oppose the Bill; if they dare refuse your just Requisition,— appoint a
Committee to draw up a State of the whole Matter, and send it to the Speakers of the
several Houses of Assembly on the Continent, and to the Friends of our Cause in
England, and publish it in the News Papers, that the whole World may know your
Sentiments on this Matter in the only Way your Circumstances will admit. And I
am confident it will spirit the Friends of our Cause, and chagrin our Enemies. Let
the Notification to call the People, bo so expressed, that whoever absent himself, will
be considered as agreeing to what may be done by such as shall meet.— And that you
may succeed, is the unfeigned Desire of,
" A Son of Liberty."
" New York, Dec. 16, 1769."
Public Papers of Gteorgb Clinton. 49
ful attacks upon the pole, but on the night of the 16th, under
cover of a dilapidated building, the assailants were at last suc-
cessful. The pole succumbed and was carved into pieces, the
remnants being piled up in front of Montanyne's door.
The patriots in the city arose to a man. The next day a multi-
tude of three thousand gathered in ''The Fields" to express their
detestation and indignation over this cowardly and audacious
act. Appropriate resolutions were adopted which declared to be
enemies to the peace of the city all soldiers below the rank of
orderly who appeared armed in the streets, and all, armed and un-
armed, who were found out of barracks after roll call.
The following day a scurrilous placard* appeared. It was
*The placard reads as follows— from the original in the New York Historical Society:
" God and a Soldier, all Men most adore.
In Time of War, and not before;
When the War is over, and all things righted,
God is forgotten, and the Soldier slighted.
" Whereas, an uncommon and riotous disturbance prevails throughout this city, by
some of its inhabitants, who stile themselves the S — s of L- — y, but rather may
more properly be called real enemies to society: and whereas the army, now quartered
in New York, are represented in a heinous light, to their ofiEicers and others, for
having propagated a disturbance in this city, by attempting to destroy their Liberty
Pole, in the Fields; which being now completed, without the assistance of the army,
we have reason to laugh at them, and beg the gqjDiic only to observe, how chagrined
these pretended S — of L look as they pass thro' the streets; especially as these
great heroes thought their freedom depended in a piece of wood, and who may well be
compared to Esau, who sold his birthright for a mess of pottage. And altho' those
shining S — of L have boasted of their freedom, surely they have no right to
throw an aspersion upon the army, since it is out of the power of military discipline,
to deprive them of their freedom: However, notwithstanding we are proud to see
those elevated genius's reduced to the low degree of having their place of general
rendevous, made a (gallows Green,) a vulgar phrase for a common place of execution
for murderers, robbers, traitors, and r s, to the latter of which we may compare
those famous L B — s (Liberty Boys,) who have nothing to boast of but the
flippancy of tongue, altho' in defiance of the laws and good government of our most
gracious Sovereign, they openly and r y [riotously] assembled in multitudes, to
stir up the minds of his Majesty's good subjects to sedition; they have in their late
seditious libel, signed BRUTUS, expressed the most villainous falsehoods against the
soldiers. But as ungrateful as they are counted, it is well known, since their arrival
in New York, they have watched night and day, for the safety and' protection of the
city and its inhabitants; — who have suffered the rays of the scorching sun in sum-
mer, and the severe colds of freezing snowy nights, in winter, which must be the
case and fifty times worse, had there been a war; which we sincerely pray for, in
hopes those S— s of L — (Sons of Liberty) may feel the effects of it, with famine
50 Public Papers of George Clinton.
this proclamation that precipitated what is known as the bat-
tle of Golden Hill, where was shed the first blood in the War
for Independence. Isaac Sears and Walter Quackenbos, two
energetic Sons of Liberty, detected three soldiers of the Six-
teenth regiment, posting copies of this placard. They promptly
seized the culprits and marched them to the office of the
Mayor, Mr. Whitehead Hicks. The word was rapidly passed of
the apprehension. Twenty of their comrades in arms from the
lower barracks rallied to the support of the prisoners. But the
Americans assembled in large numbers and with clubs and
stakes met the swords and bayonets of the soldiers. The Mayor
ordered the soldiers to their barracks. They withdrew reluc-
tantly, closely followed by the now exasperated Americans.
The route of retreat was from Wall to William, thence to that
part of John street called Golden Hill, between William and
Cliff street, the term golden having originated in the rich fields
of grain which were cultivated there in early times. Here the
troops met a reinforcement that came up in the rear of the citi-
zens. The former made a desperate effort to rescue the prison-
ers. But the Colonists rushed forward and overwhelmed and
and destruction pouring on their heads. 'Tis well known by the officers of the 16th
Regiment, as well as by several others, that the soldiers of the sixteenth, always
gained the esteem and good will of the inhabitants, in whatever quarter they lay, and
were never counted neither insolent or ungrateful, except In this city. And likewise
the Royal Regiment of Artillery, who always behaved with gratitude and respect to
every one. But the means of making your famous city, which you so much boast of,
an impoverished one, is your acting in violation of the laws of the British Govern-
ment; but take heed, least you repent too late,— for if you boast so mightily of your
famous exploits, as you have heretofore done, (witness the late stamp-act), we may
allow you to be all ALEXANDERS, and lie under your feet, to be trodden upon with
contempt and disdain; but before we so tamely submit, be assured we will stand in
defence of the rights and privileges due to a soldier, and no farther; but we hope,
while we have officers of conduct to act for us. they will do so, as we shall leave it
to their discretion, to act impartially for us, in- hopes they, and every honest heart
will support the soldiers' wives and children, and not whores and bastards, as has
been so maliciously, falsely and audaciously inserted in their impertinent libel,
addressed to the public, for which, may the shame they mean to brand our names
with, stick on theirs.
" Signed by the 16th Regiment of Foot."
Public Papers of GtEorgb Clinton. 51
disarmed the men. The soldiers charged in turn and the real
casualties of the day then occurred. Francis Field, a Quaker,
who was standing in his doorway, was severely wounded
and a sailor was cut down by a sword. A woman who opened
the door of her house, to admit a boy who had been clubbed,
barely escaped a bayonet thrust. The soldiers too had wounds
to mend, A number of them nursed broken heads and bones.
The colonists had been victorious; they had hemmed in and sur-
rounded their antagonists. The situation was now critical, for
at this Juncture a further reinforcement for the troops appeared.
Hardly had the order " charge " been given, when several mili-
tary officers hurried to the spot and the soldiers were ordered
to return to their barracks.
At noon of the day following an encounter occurred between
a number of soldiers and some sailors — whose sympathies invari-
ably were given to the Colonists, and who were determined to
avenge the injury to their messmate the day before — during
which an old seaman was fatally run through the body by a bay-
onet. The soldiers were dispersed by an onslaught of Liberty Boys
and citizens. The final engagement took place in " The Fields "
in the afternoon. A crowd of soldiers " rushed " a gathering of
citizens who had assembled to pass action on the outrages com-
mitted by the troops. The colonists opened a lane, then closed
upon their assailants and after a brief and exciting struggle, dis-
armed and dispersed them. This battling of two days' duration
antedated the Boston Massacre by two months. The average
American historian ignores or rarely mentions Golden Hill but
devotes several pages or a chapter to the Boston Massacre, which
in importance, the results that followed, and the effects produced
upon the minds of the patriots in other colonies fails to rank as
high as the struggle on Golden Hill.
52 Public Papers op George Clinton.
Everything thus far had favored the patriots. It is true the
Colonial Assembly which was controlled by the De Lancey fam-
ily, and the Common Council were opposed to them, and the
Quaker mayor, Mr. Hicks, was lukewarm in his sympathy with
them, but public sentiment seemed to lean toward them and their
successive victories over the troops, elated them. After the Com-
mon Council refused their application for a plot of ground upon
which they contemplated to erect a new pole,* the undaunted
band of patriots purchased a slice of ground eleven feet wide
and one hundred feet deep, near the former. site, and here on
February 6, 1770, they put in position the fifth liberty pole,
a mast of great length, with a plating of iron bars, riveted to-
gether two-thirds of its height. A vane surmounted the pole
and the word " Liberty " appeared defiantly upon the vane.
* The following circular was posted throughout the city. It has been copied from the
original in the Library of the New York Historical Society.
" To the Sons of Liberty in this City.
" Gentlemen — It's well known, that it has been the Custom of all nations to erect
monuments to perpetuate the Remembrance of grand Events. Experience has proved
that they have had a good Effect on the Posterity of those who raised them, especially
such as were made sacred to Liberty. Influenced by these Considerations, a number
of the friends to Liberty in this City, erected a Pole in the Fields, on Ground belong-
ing to the Corporation, as a temporary memorial of the unanimous Opposition to the
detestable Stamp-Act; which, having been destroyed by some disaffected Persons, a
Number of the Inhabitants determined to erect another, made several Applications to
the Mayor, as the principal Member of the Corporation, for Leave to erect the new
Pole in the place where the old one stood. The Committee that waited on him the
last Time, disposed to remove every Objection, apprehensive that some of the Corpora-
tion might be opposed to the Erection of the Pole, from a supposition that those
Citizens who were for its being raised, were actuated solely by a Party Spirit, offered,
when the Pole was finished to make it a Present to the Corporation, provided they
would order it to be erected either where the other stood, or near Mr. Van DenBergh's,
where the two Roads meet. But even this, astonishing as it may seem to English-
men, was rejected by the Majority of the Corporation, and the other Requisitions
denied. We question whether this Conduct can be parallelled by any Act of any
Corporation in the British Dominions, Chosen by the Suffrages of Free People.
" And now. Gentlemen, seeing we are debarred the Privilege of public Ground to
erect the Pole on, we have purchased a place for it near where the other stood, which
is full as public as any of the Corporation Ground. Your Attendance and Countenance
are desired at nine o'clock on Tuesday morning, the 6th instant, at Mr. Crommelin's
Wharf, in order to carry it up to be raised.
" By Order of the Committee.
" New York, February 3, 1770."
Public Papers of George Clinton. 53
The soldiers however, were determined to destroy this as they
had destroyed the original pole, which had been dedicated to
"The King, Pitt and Liberty." They also boasted that they
would carry it away with them to their new destination. On
March 19, 1770, the Sons of Liberty, enthusiastically and hilar-
iously celebrated the anniversary of the repeal of the Stamp Act
at Bicker's, appropriately called " Hampden Hall " which was
situated on the corner of Ann street and Broadway, the site of
the Herald office and the St. Paul Building of later days. Mon-
tanye's which for years had been the headquarters of the Sons
of Liberty, had lost caste, custom and favor because of the pro-
prietor's truckling to the royalist governor and to the governor's
following. Of course, this conduct was natural in a man of
weak understanding and of feeble character, who, unable to look
beyond the day, imagined the favor of those in power meant
wealth, influence and lasting success.
On Monday night, March 26, a few belated citizens in passing
" The Fields " " in the dead of night " discovered fifteen soldiers
attempting to wreck the pole. The alarm was sounded, rein-
forcements joined the citizens and the soldiers in affright re-
treated to their quarters for assistance. Citizens surrounded
the pole and the soldiers emerging from their barracks to the
number of forty or fifty, charged the patriots with drawn swords
and bayonets. The citizens fell back to Bicker's, the alarm bell
was sounded from St. George's chapel in Beekman street, and the
patriots assembled in multitudes, in time to see an officer who
had opportunely arrived on the scene, order the infuriated sol-
diers back to their quarters, as they were threatening to destroy
and burn the headquarters of the Sons of Liberty, which they had
54 Public Papers of George Clinton.
surrounded. From March 26th to May 3d, when the troops de-
parted, the pole was strongly guarded by the vigilant and reso-
lute patriots, nor was it molested until the British took posses-
sion of the city in 1776, when it was cut down.
Chapter V.
JOHN PETER ZENGER AND HIS NEW YORK WEEKLY JOURNAL THE
RISING STAR OF AMERICAN INDBPENDEiNCE JOHN WILKES AND
THE "north BRITON " ITS HISTORICAL NUMBER " FORTY-
FIVE " — ARREST AND PERSECUTION OP WILKES — THE POPULACE
SUPPORT HIM — THOMAS PAINB HIS REMARKABLE CAREER —
EARLY AMERICAN NEWSPAPBiRS — JAMES RIVINGTON — TRIBULA-
TIONS OF AMERICAN EDITORS DURING THE WAR.
While the pulpit and pamphleteers exercised the greatest in-
fluence in manufacturing public opinion, the press exerted no
little power in creating and developing the idea of liberty and
independence. The morning star of American independence
arose in 1734, when John Peter Zenger, who had been an appren-
tice to William Bradford, was arrested at the instigation of Gov-
ernor Cosby, because his newspaper, the " New York Weekly
Journal," had lampooned, caricatured and assailed the Crown
with unprecedented abuse, and had made a deliberate attempt
to rupture the relations between the Colonies and England.
Zenger at this time was fifty-three years of age, an energetic,
progressive and courageous writer. Moreover, he could rely
upon the moral support and financial assistance of such influ-
ential colonists as Chief Justice Lewis Morris, Eip Van Dam and
James Alexander.
He was apprehended on the charge of " printing and publishing
several seditious libels." The House of Assembly, however, re-
fused to support the Governor, who now ordered the mayor of
New York to burn the papers containing the alleged libel, with
56 Public Papers of George Clinton.
the aid of the hangman. The grand jury failed to find an indict-
ment against Zenger. The Governor thereupon directed the
Attorney-General to file an information against him at the next
term of the court. Zenger was fortunate in obtaining the services
of Andrew Hamilton, of Philadelphia, as counsel. Hamilton
was a native of Scotland, and suspected of living under an as-
sumed name. By a strange coincidence, Hamilton, the lawyer,
whose name is indissolubly connected with the liberty of the
press through the Zenger case, purchased the land upon which
was erected the hall where the independence of America was
subsequently proclaimed to all the nations of the earth. It was in
this case that Hamilton raised the important legal point that
the jury were " judges of both law and the facts." He said, " the
question before you is not the cause of a poor printer nor of New
York alone; it is the cause of liberty, * * * the liberty of
opposing arbitrary power by speaking and writing the truth."
Zenger was acquitted and released from imprisonment after
an incarceration of thirty-five weeks. From that day the liberty
of the press has occupied an unassailable position in the history
of the Western continent.
The spirit of liberty was aroused and intensified by an equally
courageous English writer, John Wilkes, who established the
" North Briton " in London to counterbalance the effect of the
"Briton" which was established and subsidized in 1762, by the
Earl of Bute. Under the brilliant editorship of Wilkes the Court
party was lashed with invective, satire and sarcasm. Every error
perpetrated by Bute became the object of fierce attack and un-
sparing denunciation. When Bute ordered the ill-advised tax on
cider, the indignation excited by the " North Briton " was ex-
tended throughout the Kingdom. Bute's position became un-
Public Papers op G-eorge Clinton. 57
tenable and he was forced to resign — because, it was claimed,
of fear for the animosity he had inspired. On the 23d of April
appeared the celebrated number "XLV" of the "North Briton"
which attacked the King's speech at the closing session of Parlia-
ment, and the advantages of the peace which had just been con-
cluded between France and England. The language was no more
severe or treasonable or libellous than that which had been ut-
tered again and again in the House of Commons. The " North
Briton " however, had been held responsible by the Court for
driving Bute into retirement, and the King's followers had de-
termined upon a policy of revenge as blind as it was inconsider-
ate.
A warrant was issued for Wilkes, a warrant including all per-
sons and property connected with the publication of the " North
Briton." Wilkes was arrested on the 29th of April, but refused to
recognize the power of the warrant. The next day he was seized
by the officers of the law and conveyed to the Tower where he was
confined a close prisoner, and all access to his person was rigidly
prohibited. His papers had been seized and sealed. Wilkes'
friends obtained a writ of habeas corpus on the ground that the
warrant was illegal, but the Ministers frustrated the scheme and
it was necessary to obtain a second one before Wilkes could be
brought before the King's Bench, The judges at once set him
at liberty for the reason that as a member of Parliament he was
exempt from arrest.
Between Wilkes and the Secretaries of State a correspondence
was maintained of a more or less violent character on the seiz-
ure of his papers; the King stripped him of his commission as
colonel in the Buckinghamshire Militia and the Attorney-General
instituted a prosecution against him in the King's Bench for
58 Public Papers of George Ci.jnton.
libel. Wlieu railuimt^nt convened on November 15, 1763, Wilkes'
case was promptly and warmly taken up by the opposition, but
his vindication was smothered by the large majorities which the
Court controlled in both Houses, The Commons passed a reso-
lution declaring that the article in the " North Briton " was a
"false, scandalous and seditions libel," and -oirdered that the
paper should be burned by the common hangman. The propo-
sition to expel Wilkes was resisted vehemently. He complained
of the manner in which the privileges the House had ac-
corded him were violated in his person, and he raised a parlia-
mentary question which delayed action for a week. In the mean-
time, a scandalous attack was made upon Wilkes' private char-
acter, which only served to intensify the feeling against him in
Parliament and establish him as an idol in the, hearts of the pop-
ulace. Consequently, when on the 3d of December, the Sheriff
of London and the city officers and hangman attempted to carry
out the order of the House against the " North Briton," by burn-
ing it in a bonfire in Cheapside, the mob assailed the officers with
the utmost violence, drove the Sheriff tO' the Mansion House
and clubbed the constables away from the fire. The half-burned
libel was grabbed from the hands of the hangman and conveyed
in triumph to Temple Bar, where was built a large bonfire. On
this was thrown a large jack-boot, in contempt of the favorite.
Wilkes subsequently obtained heavy damages from the Under
Secretary of State for illegal imprisonment. One of the effects
of his arrest was the abolition by Parliament of the system of
general warrants. Wilkes never again appeared in the Com-
mons. Out of the debate which had occurred on the first day,
followed a duel in which he was shot in the head. He crossed
over to Paris, whence he received news that the House had
Public Papers of George Clinton. 59
passed the vote of censure on the " North Briton " and had ex-
pelled him in spite of the efforts in his behalf of William Pitt,
who frequently came to his place in the House swathed in flan-
nels to debate the constitutional liberty of the subject which
had been infringed by the Government's proceedings. Lord
Shelburne, Colonel Barr^ and General Conway were conspicuous
and valuable defenders of Wilkes.
One of the most unique characters who volunteered his services
to the United States was that Quaker's son, Thomas Paine, who
to the day of his death believed that his pen wielded as much in-
fluence in consummating the independence of America as the
sword of Washington. Paine had a strong, robust, self-assertive
character, was intolerant in his views and impatient of contradic-
tion. He was born at Thetford, Norfolk County, England, Janu-
ary 29, 1737. He was sent to^ the grammar school, where he
became devoted to mathematics and ignored Latin. He learned
his father's trade, that of staymaker. Allured by the exciting
tales that were told him by his tutor, he ran away to sea, select-
ing a ship of the ominous name of " Terrible," commanded by
Captain Death. His father, however, rescued the lad and took
him home. In 1759 he worked at his trade at Sandwich, and a
few years later he was appointed to a position in the Excise
which he held, with one or two intermissions, until 1772. Once
he was removed for fraudulent practices but was reinstated.
He was finally dismissed on the charge of smuggling tobacco.
It was at this time that he began to write poems, political and
humorous, which attracted more or less attention.
In 1774 he came to America with a letter from Benjamin Frank-
lin to his son-in-law, Bache. Franklin described him as an in-
genious, worthy young man. Paine associated himself with
60 Public Papers of Gteorgb Clinton.
Aitken, wlio bad started' the Pennsylvania Magazine or American
Museum. On January 10, 1776, appeared "Common Sense" which
at once made a decided sensation, and of which 120,000 copies were
sold by the following April. "Common Sense" was an anonymous
publication and its authorship was/ accredited to half a dozen
prominent American writers of established reputation. Paine de-
clared that the attachment of the colonists to England was obsti-
nate; that it was treason to speak of independence, in fact there
was no thought of it; that the people disliked' the ministi'y but
esteemed the nation. " The disposition of the people," he o»b-
served, " was led by a thread and governed by a reed."
In February, 1776, was heard the first bold declaration for the
iL dependence of America — from Colonel Christopher Gadsden who
had left the Continental Congress to take command in South Caro-
lina, and who appeared in the Provincial Congress at Charleston
with the first copy of Paine's pamphlet " Common Sense " in his
possession. A thousand copies of the pamphlet were ordered from
Virginia, and Washington wrote to Joseph Reed " I find ' Common
Sense ' is working a wonderful change there in the minds of many
men."
On June 7, 1776, Richard Henry Lee, in behalf of the Virginians,
had offered his now famous resolution of independence, but the
hesitation of six States forced Congress to adjourn until July 1st,
a committee in the meantime having been appointed to consider
the proper form of the probable declaration. While the committee
of five was deliberating, Paine published one of his most effective
pamphlets, "A Dialogue between the Ghost of General Mont-
gomery, just arrived from the Elysian Fields, and an American
Delegate in a Wood near Philadelphia." Montgomery held that
France was only waiting for the Declaration of Independence to
Public Papers of George Clinton. 61
come to the aid of the Colonies, and that America " teems with
patriots, heroes and legislators who are impatient to burst forth
into light and importance." The main argument aimed to dis-
courage the commercial precautions taken by New York and
Pennslyvania. Mr. Conway, in his excellent life of Paine, claims
that the anti-slavery clause which was eliminated from the Dec-
laration of Independence, was written by Paine or by some one
who had Paine's Anti-slavery Essay before him.
Paine joined the Continental Army, received a position on the
staff of General Nathanael Greene, was in the affair at Fort Lee
■and retreated with the rest of the army to Newark, where he
began writing the " Crisis." In the Pennsylvania Journal of De-
cember 19, appeared the leaflet that begins with the thrilling
words: " These are the times that try men's souls " — a watchword
that subsequently became the battle-cry of the American troops,
for the number was read, according to Paine's biographer Cheet-
ham, in every camp, to every corporal's guard in the army and
out of it, and produced more than the intended effect.
Newspapers had been issued in America only three-quarters of
a century; they had been published in New York, Boston, Wil-
liamsburg, Va.; Philadelphia, Annapolis and Charleston, S. C.
Previous to the year 1727 all type was imported from London.
It remained for the versatile Franklin to strike the first matrix
in lead, to make the first moulds and the first ink in America,
and long before the Revolution the people had begun to realize
the importance and the power of the press. Up to that time
the pulpit had been the recognized channel through which pub-
lic and patriotic light had been received and public sentiment
manufactured. The Stamp Act, the prosecution of the Frank-
lins and Zenger, the affair at Golden Hill, the Boston Massacre
62 Public Papers of George C,linton.
and the Boston Tea Party, had given the press abundant oppor-
tunity to display its resources, demonstrate its ability and ex-
ercise its far-reaching influence. Patriotic clubs had sprung up
all over the country, like mushrooms, and the " Sons of Liberty "
v^ho were organized in Boston, New York and other cities and
who were stigmatized by the Tories and British soldiers as
" mobs," furnished the most brilliant contributors for the press
and the most able advocates for independence on the platform.
Two New York Gazettes flourished; one was edited by Hugh
Gaine, the other a revival of Bradford's Gazette, was edited by
James Parker. John Holt started the New York Journal or
"General Advertizer," Zenger's old paper, under the encourage-
ment and patronage of George Clinton and Philip Schuyler.
Extending its policy of subsidy, the British Government en-
deavored to utilize, counterbalance or destroy the influence of the
press in New York. James Rivington's " Royal Gazette " was
the principal organ of the Crown. Rivington. had accumulated
£50,000 as a printer and bookseller in London, but lost nearly
all his fortune in horses and turf racing. He came to Amer-
ica in 1760, and two years later revived the Gazette. Twice
he was mobbed, once by the Sons of Liberty and again by the
Connecticut militia. Following these summary and riotous pro-
ceedings, he changed his policy and conducted his paper on fair
principles. He kept his skirts clean during the war, and toward
the close discarded every evidence of subservience to the Tories.
Alexander Hamilton, at the beginning of hostilities, was an
active contributor to the " Gazette," and had it not been for him,
the President of King's College, Dr. Myles Cooper, whose
Tory proclivities were notorious and offensive, would have been
kidnapped and ducked in the Collect pond. Hamilton rushed
Public Papers of George Clinton. 63
to the College, notified the doctor of his danger and escorted him
to a British man-of-war. The mob, which was led by the enter-
prising and irrepressible Isaac Sears, returned to the office of the
Gazette, wrecked the building and destroyed Eivington's resi-
dence.
In October, 1773, with a population of 21,876 in New York city,
Eivington's circulation amounted to 3,600. The unfortunate Ma-
jor Andr6, Sir Henry Clinton's Adjutant-General, wrote regularly
for the Gazette, while the British Army occupied New York. By
a singular fatality, if not prophecy, the third stanza of his " Cow
Chase," which was published in the Gazette the day of his cap-
ture, reads:
"And now I've closed my epic strain,
I tremble as I show it;
Lest this same warrior — Drover Wayne
Should ever catch the poet."
Newspaper existence was exceedingly precarious in those days.
The estimated cost of an ordinary printing outfit was £100.
Franklin, who ran the Pennsylvania Gazette, the second paper
established in Philadelphia — from 1729 to 1765 — philosophically
informed his friends: "Anyone who can subsist on sawdust
pudding and air as I can, needs no patronage."
Paper was made from rags, and rags were hard to procure.
Bell carts gathered them — an exceedingly expensive operation.
During the Revolution several newspapers ran their own paper
mills. It was the custom to publish appeals in their news col-
umns for their readers to save rags and scraps or any material
that could be utilized in the manufacture of paper. During the
war the issue of newspapers at times was extremely uncertain,
owing to the failure of the paper supply, and in spite of persistent
entreaties to readers to keep ragbags in their rooms. There was
64 Public Papers of George Clinton,
constant fear that the enemy would capture and destroy the
plant. Many newspapers suspended publication entirely.
The average printer maintained a portable shop, ready to be
moved at a moment's warning. He was always prepared to pick
up his press, type, paper and outstanding accounts, board the
first sloop and trust to Providence to reach a destination safe
from the enemy. An instance of this kind is afforded by the ex-
perience of Samuel Loudon, who, in January, 1776, re-established
the " Pacquet " of 1763, as the '^ New York Pacquet " and
"American Advertiser," the last newspaper that was started be-
fore the Declaration of Independence. The day before the Brit-
ish moved into New York, Loudon gathered up his entire outfit,
boarded a sailing vessel and proceeded to Fishkill, where he con-
tinued to publish his paper until the peace of 1783.
While the British occupied New York a general arrangement
was made by which a daily issue would fall upon some one of
the four newspapers in existence, except on Sunday and Tues-
day. Thus Hugh Gaine's Gazette was published Monday; Riving-
ton's Royal Gazette, Wednesday and Saturday; Robertson, Mills
and Hicks's Royal American Gazette, Thursday; Lewis's New
York Mercury and General Advertiser on Friday. Rivington wass
the only one of the four who had a GoA^ernment appointment,
though he never assumed the title " Printer to the King." He
maintained his paper until the peace of 1783, when, having been
discredited by the Americans, he ceased publication. He died
in New York city July, 1802, aged 78.
Chapxkr VI.
INDBPBNDENCB NOT CONSIDERED UP TO THE OUTBREAK OF THE REVO-
LUTION— NEW York's strong seinttmbnt for England — her
CHARACTERISTIOS — A COLONY OF ARISTOCRATS ^JOHN ADAMS'S
DESCRIPTION OF NEW YORK IN AUGUST, 1774 DEVELOPMENT OF
THE EPISCOPAL CHURCH — EARLY CHURCHES IN NEW YORK —
THE WOMEN — FAVORITE LITERATURE THEATRICAL BNTER-
TAINMBNT — THE COST OF LIVING NEW YORK BECOMES AN
ENGLISH GARRISON TOWN SUFFERINGS OF CAPTORS AND PRIS-
ONERS FOR THE COMMON NBCBSSARIBS OF LIFE AN OLD TAVERN
ORDINANCE.
When Major Pitcairn at Lexington disobeyed the orders of his
chief, General Gage, and fired upon the " embattled farmers "
who sent back " the shot heard round the world," the question
of independence had not been discussed, agitated, or even raised
in America. In truth from Massachusetts Bay to Georgia, if any
sentiment at all existed, the Colonists favored compromise.
Bold, indeed, was the patriot who declared for independence.
Franklin, in March, 1775, reiterated the assertion he had made
the year before to Chatham, that he never had heard in America
a sentiment in favor of independence " from any person, drunk or
sober." Two months later, while on his way to command the
American Army, Washington met the Rev. Jonathan Boucher,
who declared that events might lead to a separation from the
mother country. " If you ever hear of my joining in any meas-
ures," observed Washington, " you have my leave to set me down
for everything wicked." Three months subsequently Thomas
66 Public Papers of Georgj? Clinton.
Jefferson wrote to Jolm Randolph in London favoring reconcili-
ation.
. Close observers of the time agree that the attachment of the
Colonies to England up to the spring of 1775 was as sincere as it
was devoted and as ardent as it was obstinate. This condition
existed in Massachusetts, in Virginia, in Pennsylvania and con-
spicuously in New York. Of all the Colonies New York, next to
Virginia, was bound to England by the strongest bonds. New
York was then the most cosmopolitan of the thirteen Colonies,
as it has since been, the most cosmopolitan of all the States.
New York was connected with England by ties so strong that
they are difficult of comprehension by the people of to-day
and especially by writers who have criticised her course during
the first two years of the war. In the first place must be con-
sidered the conservatism of the people— the homogeneity of her
population — a population that was composed of descendants of
the old Dutch, English, Walloon, Huguenot, Palatine German
and Scotch-Irish emigrants; in the second place her exposed sea
coast; in the third place her great commercial interests; in the
fourth place the vast influence of the officers of the Crown and
the patronage that came from the Crown; and finally her fear
of the invincible sea power of England.
To Holland more than to any other individual nation or coun-
try is due the credit for the ultimate decision of New York in this
great conflict. Holland has never received the just appreciation
and applause she is entitled to for the influence she wielded at
this time. For many years Holland was the recognized ref-
uge of exiles who had been persecuted and driven from their
native land by political machinations or religious intolerance.
Proud of the political freedom which she had won after a hard
Public Papers of George Clinton. 67
struggle, liberal in all her social and commercial transactions,
her arms were ever open to welcome to her hospitable domain
the unfortunate and oppressed. It is not surprising, therefore,
that at the outbreak of the Revolution, Dutch was the common
language in the Province except among the Cavalier families,
who lived along the Hudson, the south shore of Long Island,
on Staten Island and in Westchester county.
The people of New York were law-abiding and God-fearing.
They were thrifty and conservative and sufficiently mercenary to
be successful in most of the financial undertakings on which
they embarked. They had had more experience of the horrors
and devastating results of war than their brothers to the East
and South. The Seven Years War had left the Colony in a sadly
distressed condition. The frontiers had been ravaged, pillaged
and desolated and the taxes that had been imposed were need-
lessly exorbitant and oppressive.
New York supplied more volunteers and funds than any other
colony during those turbulent years, regardless of the devasta-
tion that had been wrought within her own borders. She had con-
tributed to the crown sums larger than any other colony. She had
counted and had paid the full cost of war. Indifferent to the many
provocations inflicted, aware of the injustice, she had shuddered
at the suggestion of a bloody conflict with the Fatherland. She
was loyal to England in 1775 as she was to the National Gov-
ernment in 1861. The sentiment of the Colony was as strong
and as irresistible in 1775 against striking down the British flag
as it was strong and irresistible in 1861 against the striking
down of the Stars and Stripes.
At the outbreak of the Revolution, New York was regarded
as one of the prettiest and healthiest cities in all the thirteen
68 Public Papers of George Omnton.
colonies. New York was distinctly a trading colony. She de-
pended for her commerce largely upon pelts and skins, which
were bartered with the Indians, upon the fishing trade, the rich
farming lands and timber industries. Like Boston and Phila-
delphia, New York was a prominent commercial center. She
was wealthy and her wealth was annually expanding. Before
the war the imports from Great Britain amounted to at least
£100,000 sterling. The money in use was silver, gold, British
half pence and bills of credit.
New York was a colony of aristocrats. Opulent land owners,
Dutch and English, controlled the great industries and manu-
factured and disseminated an arbitrary public sentiment. The
landed proprietor was a nabob, who closely imitated royalty and
the nobility of Europe. He was proud, vain and arrogant; he
owned his slaves, entertained royally and always travelled in
state, with postilion and outriders. His manor house was im-
posingly large and square, and built of bricks that had been
brought from Holland. The rooms were commodious and well-
lighted ; the ceilings were high, the fireplaces huge and generally
tiled. Every manor house had its library and state dining-room;
every garden its box-hedge and Lombardy poplars. The stables
were well arranged and accommodated many horses.
The present Island of Manhattan, the Indians called " Mon-a-
ton," " People of the Whirlpool," which has been modified into
tbe name familiar to all Americans. The aboriginal inhabitants
of Staten and Manhattan Islands and the valley of the Hudson
from New York to Albany were the " Monatons," or " Manha-
Goes," or " River Indians," a band of the Mohegan tribe.
New York City extended a mile and a half in length and
averaged half a mile in width. It was built up as far as
Public Papers op George Clinton. 69
"The Fields" — the City Hall Park of to-day. Beyond were
meadow lands under cultivation, beautiful vales, ponds and
wooded hills where game in abundance roamed at will. The
more ambitious merchant had his country place, on the banks
of the East or North Eiver, which was conspicuous for the
beauty of its lawns, that extended to the water's edge.
In the side streets dwelling houses bore large figures that
marked the date of construction. Tin water spouts projected
over unpaved sidewalks, and poured cataracts of water over
the unwary pedestrian. The interiors of the houses were
kept scrupulously clean. The fashionable drive was over the
Kissing Bridge, and through the present Chatham Square and
the Bowery. John Adams gives a very picturesque description
of New York as it appeared to him in August, 1774 :
"20. (August), Saturday. Lodged at Cock's, at Kingsbridge;
a pretty place, Uncas river running before the door, and verdant
hills all round. This place is about fifteen miles from New York.
Uncas Rjver is the bound between the county of Westchester and
the county of New York. This place is ten miles from Hell Gate,
which is supposed to be occasioned by a large cavern under the
rocks into which the water rushes at certain times of the tide.
This whirlpool is five miles from the city.
" We breakfasted at Day's, and arrived in the city of New
York at ten o'clock, at Hull's, a tavern, the sign the Bunch of
Grapes. We rode by several very elegant country seats before
we came to the city. This city will be a subject of much specula-
tion to me. From Hull's, we went to private lodgings at Mr.
Tobias Stoutenberg's, in King street, very near the City Hall one
way, and the French Church the other. Mr. McDougall and Mr.
Piatt came to see us. Mr. Piatt asked us to dinner next Monday.
70 Public Papers of George .Clinton.
Mr. McDougall staid longer and talked a good deal. He is a
very sensible man, and an open one. He has none of the mean
cunning which disgraces so many of my countrymen. He offers
to wait on us this afternoon to see the city.
" After dinner, Mr. McDougall and Mr. Piatt came, and walked
with us to every part of the city. First we went to the fort,
where we saw the ruins of that magnificent building, the Gov-
ernor's house. From the Parade, before the fort, you have a fine
prospect of Hudson River, and of the East River, or the Sound,
and of the harbor; of Long Island, beyond the Sound River, and of
New Jersey beyond Hudson's River. The walk round this fort
is very pleasant, though the fortifications are not strong. Be-
tween the fort and the city is a beautiful ellipsis of land, railed
in with solid iron, in the center of which is a statue of his
majesty on horseback, very large, of solid lead gilded with gold,
standing on a pedestal of marble, very high. We then walked
up the Broad Way, a fine street, very wide, and in a right line
from one end to the other of the city. In this route we saw the
old church and the new church. The new is a very magnificent
building, cost twenty thousand pounds, York currency. The
prison is a large and a handsome stone building; there are two
sets of barracks. We saw the New York college, which is also
a large stone building, A new hospital is building of stone.
We then walked down to a ship-yard, where a Dutch East India
ship is building of eight hundred tons burthen. Then we walked
round through another street, which is the principal street of
business. Saw the several markets. After this we went to the
coffee-house, which was full of gentlemen; read the newspaper,
etc. Here were introduced to us Mr. Morin Scott and a Mr.
Litchfield, who invited us to Hull's tavern, where we went and
Public Papers of George Clinton. 71
staid till eleven o'clock. We supped together, and had much
conversation. Mr. Scott is a lawyer, of about fifty years of age;
a sensible man, but not very polite. He is said to be one of the
readiest speakers upon the continent. It was he who harangued
the people, and prevailed upon them to discard the resolves of
their committee of fifty-one, as void of vigor, sense, and in-
tegrity.
" Mr. Scott was censuring McDougall, in a friendly, free way,
for not insisting upon choosing delegates by ballot, &c. Mr.
Piatt said but little; but McDougall was talkative, and appears
to have a thorough knowledge of politics. The two great fami-
lies in this Province, upon whose motions all their politics turn,
are the Delanceys and Livingstons. There is virtue, and abili-
ties as well as fortune, in the Livingstons, but not much of either
of the three in the Delanceys accjording to him.
" The streets of this town are vastly more regular and elegant
than those in Boston, and the houses are more grand, as well as
neat. They are almost all painted, brick buildings and all. In
our walks they showed us the house of Mr. William Smith, one
of their Council and the famous lawyer, Mr. Thomas Smith, &c.,
Mr. Rivington's store, &c.
" 21. Sunday. Went to meeting at the old Presbyterian So-
ciety, where Dr. Pemberton formerly preached. We heard Dr.
Rogers on ' Seek first the Kingdom of God and His righteous-
ness, and all other things shall be added unto you.' After
service, Mr. Peter Vanbrugh Livingston and Mr. Thomas Smith
came to our lodgings, introduced to us by Mr. McDougall.
" Mr. Livingston is an old man, extremely staunch in the cause,
and very sensible. He tells us that Dr. Chandler and Dr. Cooper,
and other Episcopal clergymen, were met together about the
72 Public Papers of George, Clinton.
time of the news of the Boston Port Bill, and were employed
night and day writing letters and sending dispatches to the
other Colonies and to England. This he thinks was to form a
union of the Episcopal party, through the continent, in support
of ministerial measures. He says they have never been able to
obtain a charter for their burying-yard, or the ground on which
their Presbyterian church stands ! They have solicited their Gov-
ernors, and have solicited at home without success.
" In the afternoon we went to the same meeting, and heard Mr.
Treat from ' These shall go away into everlasting punishment.'
Both these clergymen are good speakers, and without notes.
The psalmody is an exact contrast to that of Hartford; it is in
the old way, as we call it — all the drawling, quavering, discord
in the world. After meeting, Mr. McDougall introduced me and
Mr. Paine to Mr. William Smith, the historian of New York, a
gentleman a little turned of forty, a plain, composed man, to
appearance. He very politely invited us to tea at his house; but
we were engaged. He then inquired where we lodged, and said
he would wait on us. After meeting we went to Mr. McDougall's,
where we saw his lady, a charming woman, and his daughter, an
agreeable Miss. Mrs. Clymer was there from Philadelphia, who
inquired very kindly after Mr. Hancock and his aunt, and Mr.
Jonathan Mason and his family. This is a very facetious and
social lady. At Mr. McDougall's, Colonel Folsom and Major
Sullivan, the delegates from New Hampshire, came to see us;
they were hastening over the ferry for fear of the smallpox,
neither of them having had that distemper. Also Mr. Low, a
relation of the delegate from New York of that name, Mr. Lamb,
Mr. Hughes, a schoolmaster, and many others whose names I
cannot recollect. We then went to Mr. David Van Home's, who
Public Papers op George Clinton. 73
sent his compliments to Mr. McDougall, and requested him to
introduce us to his house, as he was sick and unable to come out.
He seems well affected to the public cause, and speaks very
sensible about it.
" 22. Monday. This morning we took Mr. McDougall into our
coach, and rode three miles out of town to Mr. Morin Scott's to
breakfast — a very pleasant ride. Mr. Scott has an elegant seat
there, with Hudson's River just behind his house, and a rural
prospect all around him. Mr. Scott, his lady and daughter, and
her husband, Mr. Litchfield, were dressed to receive us. We sat
in a fine airy entry till called into a front room to breakfast. A
more elegant breakfast I never saw — rich plate, a very large
silver coffee-pot, a very large silver tea-pot, napkins of the very
finest materials, toast, and bread, and butter, in great perfection.
After breakfast a plate of beautiful peaches, another of pears,
and another of plums, and musk-melon, were placed on the table.
" Mr. Scott, Mr. William Smith and Mr. William Livingston,
are the triumvirate who figured away in younger life against the
Church of England, who wrote the Independent Reflector, the
Watch Tower and other papers. They are all of them childron
of Yale College. Scott and Livingston are said to be lazy; Smith
improves every moment of his time. Livingston is lately re-
moved into New Jersey, and is one of the delegates for that
Province.
" Mr. Scott is an eminent lawyer; he drew the answer of the
Council to Governor Colden's reasons in favor of an appeal in the
case of Forsey vs. Cunningham. He is said to be one of the
readiest speakers on the continent. Scott told me that the state
of the New York claim, Massachusetts claim. New Hampshire
claim, and Canada claim, which is printed in the Journal of the
House in New York, 1763, to the lands contested between Con-
74 Public Papers of George 'Clinton.
necticut and Hudson's Eiver, was principally drawn by Mr.
Duane, who has unhappily involved almost all his property in
those lands. He has purchased patents of government, and
claims of soldiers, etc., to the amount of 100,000 acres. Mr.
Duane is an Episcopalian; so are all the delegates from New
York excepting Mr. Livingston. Mr. Jay is a young gentleman of
the law, of about twenty-six; Mr, Scott says, a hard student and
a good speaker. Mr. Alsop is a merchant, of a good heart, but
unequal to the trust in point of abilities, as Mr. Scott thinks.
Mr. Low, the chairman of the Committee of Fifty-one, they say,
will profess attachment to the cause of liberty, but his sincerity
is doubted. Mr. William Bayard, Mr. McEvers, and Mr. Beech,
are gentlemen who were very intimate with General Gage when
he was here. Mr. Bayard has a son and a son-in-law in the army,
and a son in the service of the East India Company. These are
connected with Mr. Apthorp and his contracts, and are lookers-
rn to c:overnment for favors, are correspondents of General Gage,
nnd will favcr his measures, though they profess attachment to
the American cause.
" Mr. McDougall gave a caution to avoid every expression here
which looked like an allusion to the last appeal. He says there
ife a powerful party here who are intimidated by fears of a civil'
war, and they have been induced to acquiesce by assurances that
there was no danger, and that a peaceful cessation of commerce
would effect relief. Another party, he says, are intimidated lest
the levelling spirit of the New England Colonies should propa-
gate itself into New York. Another party are prompted by
Episcopalian prejudices against New England. Another party
are merchants largely concerned in navigation, and therefore
nfraid of non-importation, non-consumption, and non-exporta-
tion agreements. Another party are those who are looking up
Public Papers of George Clinton. 75
to government for favors. About 11 o'clock, four of the dele-
gates for the city and county of 'New York came to make their
compliments to us — Mr. Duane, Mr. Livingston, Mr. Low and
Mr. Alsop. Mr. Livingston is a downright, straightforward
man. Mr. Alsop is a soft, sweet man. Mr. Duane has
a sly surveying eye, a little squint-eyed; between forty and
forty-five, I should guess; very sensible, I think, and very
artful. He says their private correspondence and their agent's
letters, Mr. Burke's, are that the nation is against us; that
we cannot depend upon any support of any kind from thence;
that the merchants are very much against us; that their pride is
touched, and what they call their rights, by our turning away
their ships from our ports. A question arose whether it was a
prerogative of the Crown at common law, to license wharves. I
thought it was, by statutes at home, which were never extended
to America before the Boston Port Bill. Mr. Duane was of my
opinion. Mr. Livingston thought it was a prerogative of the
Crown at common law; said it had been so understood here; that
all the public wharves in this town were by charter from the
Governor. He questioned whether the officers of the customs
were obliged to attend any wharves but licensed ones.
" Mr. Morin Scott called upon us at our lodgings, and politely
insisted upon our taking a seat in his chariot to Mr. Piatt's. We
accepted the invitation, and, when we came there, were shown
into as elegant a chamber as ever I saw — the furniture as rich
and splendid as any of Mr. Boylston's. Mr. Low, Mr. Peter Van-
brugh Livingston, Mr. Philip Livingston, Dr. Treat, a brother of
the minister, and Mr. McDougall, Mr. Scott, and Mr. Litchfield,
dined with us and spent the afternoon,
" P. V. Livingston is a sensible man and a gentleman. He has
been in trade, is rich, and now lives upon his income, Phil. Liv-
76 Public Papers of George , Clinton.
ingston is a great, rougli, rapid mortal. There is no holding any
conversation with him. He blusters away; says if England
should turn us adrift, we should instantly go to civil wars among
ourselves, to determine which Colony should govern all the rest;
seems to dread New England, the levelling spirit, etc. Hints
were thrown out of the Goths and Vandals; mention was made
of our hanging the Quakers, &c. I told him, the very existence
of the Colony was at that time at stake — surrounded with In-
dians at war, against whom they could not have defended the
Colony if the Quakers had been permitted to go on.
"23. Tuesday. We went upon the new Dutch Church steeple
and took a view of the city. You have a very fine view of the whole
city at once, the harbor, East Eiver, North River, Long Island,
New Jersey, &c. The whole city isi upon a level, a flat. The
houses in general are smaller than in Boston, and the city occupies
less ground. We breakfasted with Mr. Low, a gentleman of for-
tune and in trade. His lady is a beauty. Rich furniture again
for the tea table. Mr. Lott, the treasurer of the Province, did us
the honor to breakfast with us, and politely asked us to dine or to
breakfast with him; but we were engaged for all the time we were
to stay. The conversation turned upon the constitution of the
city. The mayor and recorder are appointed by the Governor;
the aldermen and common council are annually elected by the peo-
ple. The aldermen are the magistrates of the city, and the only ones;
Ihey have no justices of the peace in the city, so that the magis-
'tracy ofi the city are all the creatures of the people. The city
cannot tax itself; the constables, assessors, &c., are chosen annu-
ally; they petition the assembly every year to be empowered by
law to assess the city for a certain sum. The whole charge of the
Province is annually between five and six thousand pounds, York
money. Mr, Gushing says the charge of the Massachusetts is
Public Papers of George Clinton. 77
about twelve thousand, lawful money, wliicli is sixteen thousand,
York currency. The support of Harvard College, and of forts and
garrisons and other things, makes the difference. About eleven
o'clock Mr. Low, Mr. Curtenius, Mr. Pascall Smith, Mr. Van
Schaack and others, a deputation from the committee of corre-
spondence from this city, waited on us with an invitation to dine
with them Thursday next, which we accepted. One of the gentle-
men said he was in Etigland at the time of a former non-importa-
tion agreement, and it was not much felt among the merchants or
manufacturers. Another of them replied, the true cause of that
was the German contract, and the demand from Russia. Mr.
Ebenezer Hazard waited on me with a letter, requesting my assist-
ance in making his collection of American State papers. I recom-
mended him to Mr. S. Adams and Dr. Samuel Mather. I advised
him to publish from Hackluyt, the Voyage of Sebastian Cabot, in
this collection. He thought it good advice. Hazard is certainly
very capable of the business he has undertaken; he is a genius.
Went to the Coffee House and saw the Virginia Paper; the spirit
of the people is prodigious; their resolutions are really grand. We
then went to Mr. Peter Vanbrugh Livingston's, where, at three
o'clock, we dined with Scott, McDougall, Philip Livingston, Mr.
Thomas Smith and a young gentleman, son of Mr. Peter Living-
ston. Smith and young Livingston seem to be modest, decent and
sensible men.
"The way we have been in, of breakfasting, dining, drinking
coffee, &c., about the city, is very disagreeable on some accounts.
Although it introduces us to the acquaintance of many respectable
people here, yet it hinders us from seeing the college, the churches,
the printers' offices, and booksellers' shops, and many other things
which we should choose to see.
" With all the opulence and splendor of this city, there is very
78 Public Papers op George Clinton.
little good breeding to be found. We have been treated with an
assiduous respect; but I have not seen one real gentleman, one
well-bred man, since I came to town. At their entertainments
there is no conversation that is agreeable; there is no miodesty, no
attention to one another. They talk very loud, very fast and alto-
gether. If they ask you a question, before you can utter three
words of your answer they will break out upon you again, and
talk away.
" 24. Wednesday. This day Gushing and Paine went over to
Long Island to dine with Phil Livingston. Adams and I sent our
excuse, that we were not very well; it was raw and wet.
"25. Thursday. Mr. Mathew Gushing came and escorted us into
Trinity Ghurch and churchyard. Under the chancel of this church
Mr. Pratt was buried. This is an old building. We then went
into Saint Paul's. This is a new building, which cost eighteen
thousand pounds, York money. It has a piazza in front, and some
5^tone pillars, which appear grand; but the building, taken alto-
gether, does not strike me like the Stone Chapel, or like Dr.
Goioper's meeting-house, either on the inside or outside. We then
went to see Mr. Gushing work his new constructed pumps, which
work easier, he says, and convey more water than any other. We
then went to college; were introduced to Mr. Harper, who showed
us the library, the booksi and curiosities. We were tlien intro-
duced to Dr. Glossy, who was exhibiting a course of experiments
to his pupils to prove the elasticity of the air.
" There is but one building at this college, and that is very far
from full of scholars; they never have had forty scholars at a
time. We then made a visit of ceremony to Mr. William Smitii, a
counsellor-at-law and a counsellor by mandamus. This gentleman
has the character of a great lawyer, a sensible and learned man,
and yet a consistent, unshaken friend to his country and her lib-
Public Papers op George Clinton. 79
erties. He entertained us witli an acoount of his negotiating be-
tween the GrO'vernor (Golden), the General (Gage), and the people,
in the year 1765, when the people attacked the fort to obtain the
stamped papers, in which he acted an intrepid, an honest and a
prudent part. Mr. McDougall told me of the part he acted in the
affair of the prcseoution of him for a libel. The Governor asked
him if he would not act for the Crown. Mr. Smith said, he would
not do the dirty jobs of government; he would not hold anything
under the Crown upon such terms.
" Mr. Smith expressed his sentiments of General Gage and his
new station and character very freely. He said he had a great
personal regard for the General; that he was a good-natured,
peaceable, and sociable man here; but that he was altogether
unfit for a Governor of Massachusetts; that he would lose all
the character he had acquired as a man, a gentleman and a gen-
eral, and dwindle down into a mere scribbling Governor, a mere
Bernard or Hutchinson.
" Mr. Smith received us very politely. We afterwards made a
visit to friend Holt, the Liberty printer, and to Noel and Haz-
ard's. We afterwards dined in the Exchange Chamber, at the
invitation of the Committee of Correspondence, with more than
fifty gentlemen, at the most splendid dinner I ever saw; a pro-
fusion of rich dishes, etc.
" I had a great deal of conversation with Mr. Duane, who is a
sensible, an artful and an insinuating man. He talked of Mr.
Pratt; said he had the greatest memory of any man he ever
saw; that he had read a great deal, but that he had not a clear
head. One of the bar used to say that Mr. Pratt thickened the
clear; that he knew Mr. Pratt to try eight criminals in a forenoon
upon different indictments and with the same jury; that he took
no notes but summed the evidence with great exactness, re-
80 Public Papers op George Clinton.
membered every circumstance of every testimony, and the
names of all the witnesses, although the witnesses were Dutch
people, and their names such as Mr. Pratt never could have
heard. After dinner the Connecticut delegates came in. In the
evening several gentlemen came to our lodgings, and among
others, Mr. Sears.
" 26. Friday. This morning we went to see the City Hall, the
chamber where the Supreme Court sits, and that where the
Mayor and Recorder sit. Afterwards we went down to the new
Dutch Church, which is a much more elegant building than Saint
Paul's; it is the most elegant building in the city. The pillars
are smaller than Dr. Cooper's, and the pews are all painted, but
the building is not so handsome. At 9 o'clock we crossed Paulus
Hook Ferry to New Jersey, then Hackensack Ferry, then Newark
Ferry, and dined at Elizabethtown. After dinner we rode twenty
miles, crossed Brunswick Ferry, and put up at Farmer's in the
city of Brunswick. That part of the Province of New Jersey
which we have passed is all upon a level, as fine a road as ever
was trod; yet the lands seem to be good."
In New York the Episcopal Church had already begun to
make proselytes from the Dutch Church, which naturally was the
oldest on Manhattan Island. As the population increased and
the Dutch language fell into disuse, the congregations percepti-
bly fell off and the succeeding generation generally drifted over
to the Presbyterian or the Episcopal faith. The original Trinity
Church was built in 1696, but was enlarged in 1737, and thus
became one of the most imposing edifices in the Province. Its
seating capacity was 2,000 worshippers, and its steeple arose 175
feet in the air. The interior was beautifully ornamented. The
aisles were paved with flat stone. The rector's compensation
amounted to £100 a year.
Public Papers of George Clinton. 81
By 1752 the congregation had outgrown the old church, and
St. George's Chapel was erected on Beekman street. Already
the income of Trinity Church had become so large as to be the
wonder of strangers visiting New York.
The first Presbyterian Church was founded on Manhattan
Island in 1719, but through the opposition of the Episcopalians,
its supporters were unable to obtain a charter of incorporation
for a number of years. The German Lutherans controlled two
small churches; the Baptists, the Quakers and the Moravians,
congregated in their own meeting-house, and the Jews, who were
annually increasing in numbers, worshipped in a synagogue on
the east side. A French church had been maintained for over
a century.
The religious question entered as largely into the Eevolution
as politics. The Episcopal Church was recognized as the Tory
church, while the Calvinists were generally found on the side
antagonistic to the King. The sympathy of the British was
amply demonstrated by their protecting, upon their entrance into
the city of New York, all the Episcopal churches, which were
kept open without interruption to the close of the war, while the
Presbyterian and Dutch Reformed Churches were used either
as hospitals, barracks for the soldiers, riding schools for the offi-
cers, or prison pens for captured Americans.
A traveller of the times speaks of the women as attractive,
well-formed and intelligent. They dressed in good taste and
often with elegance. Their complexions were fair, but lacked
color. The favorite musical instrument was the harpsichord and
the favorite dance was the minuet. The average woman is re-
ported to have been indifferent to the cultivation of her mind.
She preferred her household duties and the pleasures of society
to reading.
The schools offered nothing to boast of, and as a sign of the
82 Public Papers of George Clinton,
times it may be noted that the number of students at King's,
now Columbia, College which extended north from the present
Barclay street west of Broadway, aggregated only forty young
men.
The Bible and Bunyan's " Pilgrim's Progress " were house-
hold books. Richardson's " Clarissa Harlowe " was a favorite
novel of the times with women. Books were an expensive
luxury, and although English literature abounded in many
illustrious authors, a private library, in the modern acceptation
of the term, was a rarity. The authors who were most read were:
Milton, Sir Isaac Newton, Isaak Walton, Johnson and Ben Jon-
son, Pepys, Bishop Berkeley, Richard Bentley, Abraham
Cowley, George Whitefleld, John Wesley, Jonathan Edwards;
and among historians: David Hume, Dr. Robertson and Lord
Hervey. Gibbon's sun was just beginning to break over the
horizon. The favorite poets were: Dry den, Addison, Goldsmith,
Pope, John Gay, and Shenstone. Gray's Elegj^, which first ap-
peared in 1751, had only recently become popular. Novelists
whose works were most widely read were: Daniel Defoe, Smol-
lett, Fielding, Sterne and Richardson.
For entertainment, the old John Street Theatre which was
opened in 1753, was one of the features of the town. It was
lighted by dip candles. The first playbill carried this announce-
ment : " The historical tragedy of King Richard III wrote by
William Shakspeare and altered by Colly Gibber Esquire. Pit
five shillings; gallery three shillings; to begin precisely an half
an hour after six o'clock and no admittance behind the scenes."
Throughout the Revolution this theatre was used. The favor-
ite productions were " The Beaux' Stratagem," " Richard III,"
and " Macbeth." Surgeon-General Beaumont was manager;
Major Williams of the Artillery acted the leading parts. Here
Public Papers of George Clinton. 83
on several occasions, the unfortunate Andr6 displayed many of
the accomplished talents with which he was endowed. All the
" swells " of the town gathered on these occasions, arrayed in sil-
ver or gold laced broadcloth coats, blue prevailing, with nankeen
knee breeches, silk stockings and low shoes adorned with large
silver buckles. Gold watches were extremely rare. The " howl-
ing swell " of the day carried two watches, powdered his hair or
wore a wig with a club or a queue.
The favorite tipple was punch, which was drunk out of silver
or pewter mugs, glass tumblers having only recently been intro-
duced. The gourmets enjoyed West India turtle, terrapin,
roast chicken, rich Madeira, French wines and brandy. Toast
drinking was the main feature of all public entertainments.
Workmen drank strong beer, wore leathern breeches, coarse
shirts and flannel jackets.
Twice during the Revolution New York was visited by disas-
trous fires. The first started on September 20, 1776, and extended
from Broad and Whitehall to Rector street, and consumed one
thousand dwellings or one quarter of the city. The second oc-
curred on August 10, 1778, and destroyed three hundred houses.
While the war was in progress education was sorely neglected
and the standard of the colleges materially reduced.
During the summer and early fall of 1777, as will be seen from
the Clinton Papers, the Province of New York was the theatre of
the war. In Albany County the disaffected element had risen in in-
surrection, and the future seemed to be buried in gloom.
Before the war the cost of living was comparatively cheap.
Comfortable board could be procured for two shillings a week.
Houses rented at from £40 to £50 a year. But as the war pro-
gressed prices increased most exces^sively. Provisions became
scarce and many articles of food were absolutely not obtainable.
84 Public Papers of George Clinton.
New York had blossomed into a British garrison post, with
all the gayety and fashion, frivolity and extravagance that mark
a captured city in time of war. Indifferent to the appalling suf-
ferings of the unfortunate American prisoners who were incar-
cerated in the prison ships and pens, the British gave themselves
up to luxurious entertainment and voluptuous enjoyment of the
most pronounced character.
But in spite of the wealth which the English officers pos-
sessed, and which they spent with an open hand, it was impos-
sible to secure at times the necessaries of life. If these hard-
ships fell upon the captors, how much more oppressive and dis-
tressing must the fate of the unfortunate prisoners have been.
The Baroness Riedesel, whose husband commanded the Bruns-
wick troops at the battle of Saratoga, lived for nearly two years
in New York City, in 1779 and 1780, after her husband had been
exchanged. She writes:
" Lord Cornwallis and General Clinton likewise came to see
me. The former went off soon afterward upon an expedition.
The latter offered me a country seat of which he had the disposal
where I might have my children inoculated with the smallpox,
an operation which it would be dangerous to have performed in
the city as that disease was raging very violently. I accepted
his offer with much satisfaction and we made all necessary prep-
arations to go there. I gave our cook ten guineas to purchase
all kinds of provisions. But when he very soon came back and
asked for more money, I learned to my surprise that the
money I had given him would scarcely last for two days, so dear
was everything, even the commonest thing."
She then quotes prices: meat, 1 lb. 36c, one lb. of butter 54c,
one turkey |4.00, a fowl, 60c, an egg 12c, a quart of milk 18c, a
Public Papers of George Clinton. 85
bushel of potatoes |2.00, a half bushel of turnips |1.00, ten
oysters, 24c, and 6 onions $1.00.
When the farmers refused Sir Henry Clinton's invitations to
bring their produce and provisions to New York, he dispatched
foraging parties, who returned empty handed, because the patri-
otic farmer buried his goods, and even cut down his trees to
prevent food falling into the hands of the English. In conse-
quence, the English army suffered keenly for the common neces-
saries of life.
The subjoined ordinance for regulating tavernkeepers, adopted
in Albany on April 25, 1778, is interesting as indicating the modes
of living in those days.
" Section 1. Be it ordained by the Mayor, Recorder, Aldermen
and Commonalty of the City of Albany in Common Council con-
vened and is hereby ordained by the authority of the same; that
none but such as are duly Licensed by the Mayor of this City do
presume to keep any Tavern, Ale House, Victualing House, Inn
or Ordinary or sell any wine, beer, brandy, rum, cyder or other
strong Liquors by retail in the said City of Albany under the
Penalty for forty schillings current money of New York, for
the use of the Corporation, to be recovered before the Mayor,
Recorder or any one of the Aldermen of the said City.
" Section 2. And be it further ordained by the authority afore-
said that from and after the publication of this ordinance, no
Tavernkeeper shall presume to sell any strong Liquors, other
than at the rates and prices following, that is to say,
" Good West India Rum, genuine French Brandy, Holland
Geneva, Lisbon, Sherry, Port red and white, Mountain French
Claret, common sort, French white Wine, Spanish red Wine,
Rhenish at ten schillings per quart and one schilling and four
pence per gill. American made Whiskey four shillings and four
86 Public Papers of George C'linton.
pence per quart and seven pence per gill. Good New England
Rum, Brandy, Geneva, common Cordials and all other Spirituous
Liquors not herein mentioned at six schillings and nine pence
per quart, and one schilling per gill. Good Toddy of West India
Rum, French Brandy, or Holland Geneva, sweetened with Loaf
Sugar at three schillings per quart Bowie and so in proportion.
Good Toddy of other Liquors (whiskey excepted) at two schillings
per quart Bowl and so in proportion. Strong Beer and Cyder,
brewed or made in the State, one schilling per quart. For a
Breakfast of comfortable and nourishing Victuals two schillings
per Meal; for a Dinner equally suitable three schillings and six
pence per Dinner. For twenty-four hours or one Night good Hay
and Stabling for a Horse two schillings; for Oats four pence per
quart. Corn per quart six pence and other Grain in proportion.
For a good clean Bed and. Bedding one Night one schilling.
"And be it further ordained by the authority aforesaid if any
Tavernkeeper shall exact or receive any higher Price than is
agreeable to the above establishment such Tavernkeeper shall
forfeit and pay for every offence treble the Value of the Article
of which the same may happen, to be recovered before the Mayor
and Recorder or any one of the Aldermen."
Writing paper was poor, scarce and dear. Cherries, straw-
berries and peas were served as dainties. Dissipation for ladies
consisted in afternoon receptions where coffee was served as the
chief beverage. Few city families owned a horse and carriage.
War news was disseminated by means of handbills.
The sufferings endured by the people of those days can be but
very little understood by their descendants of to-day: For in-
stance, in December, 177.5, Abigail Adams reported to her hus-
band John, from Boston, that medicine and cotton wool were very
scarce; the latter cost three shillings a bag against one shilling
Public Papers of George Clinton. 87
a year before. Linen was not obtainable. West India molasses
cost two shillings and eight pence a quart in comparison with
one shilling and eight pence the year before; rum three
shillings a gallon; corn, four shillings a bushel, rye, five; cotton
wool four shillings a pound, sheep's wool, two shillings. Linens
were not to be procured at any price; wood cost twenty shillings
per cord. Meats of all kinds were cheap. The best houses in
Boston rented for £20 a year.
In April, 1777, there was not a pound of lamb, mutton, pork
or cotton wool, or a quart of molasses to be found in the city of
Boston. New England rum brought eight shillings a gallon;
coffee two shillings and six pence a pound; beef, eight pence a
pound; butter, one shilling and six pence; Indian corn, five
shillings; rye, eleven and twelve shillings.
In August, 1777, a tenant in Philadelphia paid £4 a week for
his board, exclusive of washing, shaving, candles, liquors,
pipes, tobacco and wood. The board of a servant was thirty shil-
lings a week; shoes cost $5.00 a pair; salt twenty-seven shillings
a barrel; butter, ten shillings a pound. Whiskey took the place
of rum, and John Adams believed it was as good. He preferred
cider, however. Punch was twenty shillings a bowl. Tallow dips
were used at the sessions of the Continental Congress, at the
theatres, and in the churches.
The condition of New York early in 1781 was particularly dis-
tressing. Governor Clinton wrote Jay in April that the particu-
lar situation had undergone no considerable change, except by
the desolation of several of the frontier settlements against
which the British with their savage allies had carried on a bar-
barous, desolating war. " Most of Tryon and Schoharie have
been destroyed," he reported. " They are not however aban-
doned; the inhabitants, having recovered themselves, continue to
improve their farms and assist in the general defence."
88 Public Papers op George Glinton.
He speaks a good word for the militia of Westchester County
which " often unsupported and left alone to resist the enemy have
maintained their ground beyond the most sanguine expectations.
Every man, indeed every boy, is become a soldier, and I do not
believe a superior spirit of bravery and enterprise ever possessed
a people, and I have the pleasure to assure you that this descrip-
tion is equally applicable to the inhabitants of Orange County
south of the mountains."
The Governor was exceedingly gratified by the showing of the
State from a military standpoint. " The quota " — under the cur-
rent establishment of the army — " assigned to this State is one
regiment of artillery and two of infantry, and I am happy in
being able to inform you that we, I speak of the State, are nearly
complete. I am not informed of the success of other States. In
this I have discovered as ready a disposition to enter into the
service as at any time since the beginning of 1777, with this
advantage, that every recruit we now engage has the experience
and habit of a veteran soldier."
In able men New York was second only to Virginia. Alexander
Hamilton, John Jay and Gouverneur Morris were the equals in
intellectual endowment to Thomas Jefferson, Patrick Henry and
James Madison. They were all giants and their meeting to-
gether in one forum, in a common cause, for an experiment in
the founding of a nation, indicates only too clearly that they were
made for the times and the times were made for them. Of the
six, Hamilton alone was not American born. Jay and Morris,
with their Huguenot blood, had descended from aristocratic
families, but had little of the patrician about them. Not one of
the great Virginians — Jefferson, Henry, Madison, Monroe, nor
Washington, belonged to the so-called exclusive set of families
of the Old Dominion.
Chapter VII.
THE PROHIBITION AGAINST IMPORTING GUNPOWDER — LORD DUN-
MORE'S ORDER TO CAPTAIN COLLrlNS — PATRICK HBNRY's ARMED
DEMONSTRATION — DUNMORE SURRENDERS THE DIFFERENCES
BETWEEN THE DELEGATES TO THE FIRST CONTINENTAL CON-
GRESS INFLUENCE OF HARVARD COLLEGE UPON EARLY AMERI-
CAN THOUGHT — THE STURDY PURITAN AND THE HARDY ANGLO-
SAXON — JOHN ADAMS'S OPINION OF NEW YORKERS AND PHILA-
DBLPHIANS GEORGE CLINTON AS THE REPRESENTATIVE OF THE
PEOPLE — JOHN jay's HISTORICAL ADDRESS — CLINTON's COM-
MAND ENLARGED THE COUNCIL OF SAFETY GEORGE CLINTON
ELECTED AS THE FIRST GOVEiRNOR AND LIEUTENANT GOVERNOR
OF THE SSTATE — THE FIRST SESSION OF THE STATE LEGISLA-
TURE POUGHKBBPSIB BECOMES THE CAPITAL OF THE STATE.
In a circular letter to the Colonial Governors, Lord Dartmouth,
on October 19, 1774, instructed them that the King by an order in
Council prohibited the exportation from Great Britain, of gun-
powder, ammunition or arms of any sort or character. The Gov-
ernors were instructed to prevent the importation of the pro-
hibited articles into the Colonies over which they had jurisdiction.
The Crown authorities now proceeded to take a step beyond the
powers that were invested in them ; they proposed to seize, carry
away or destroy all the ammunition in the possession of the
Colonies. It was this policy that led to the final rupture between
the Crown and the Colonists. Two days after General Gage sent
his expedition to seize the stores at Concord, Lord Dunmore,
of Virginia, directed Captain Henry Collins, who commanded
the schooner Magdalen, lying at Burwell's Ferry on James River,
90 Public Papers op George Clinton.
to confiscate twenty kegs of powder tliat were stored in the
public magazine at Williamsburg, and put tbem upon his vessel.
To the Town Council of Williamsburg, who denounced the
proceeding, the Governor promised to return the powder on his
word of honor, whenever it was wanted for the suppression of an
insurrection. When the news from Lexington and Concord, how-
ever, reached Virginia, the leadership of Patrick Henry at once
asserted itself. On May 2, he delivered an eloquent speech to a
number of volunteers who had assembled at New Castle. The
influence thus gained over the troops was emphasized the next
day by his election as Captain. At the head of 150 men, he
started for Williamsburg, having sent a detachment of sixteen
men to the residence of Colonel Richard Corbin, who was acting
as the King's Receiver General, with orders to demand of him
three hundred and thirty pounds as compensation for the gun-
powder.
With a mob estimated at five thousand, Henry took up his line
of march to Williamsburg. The Governor was thoroughly
frightened. He called the Council together, made an address,
issued a proclamation in which Henry was denounced as a rebel,
and the author of all the existing disturbances. The Governor
became panic-stricken upon hearing that Henry at the head of
an armed force, whose numbers no doubt were largely exagger-
ated, was on his way to meet him. He called upon Captain
Montague of a British man-of-war, for a detachment of sailors
and marines, planted cannon at the palace, armed the Indian
hostages and his slaves, and vainly besought the town authori-
ties to call out the militia.
Lady Dunmore was sent by her husband for safety aboard the
English man-of-war, and he would have been disposed to follow
had Henry's forces displayed violent purposes. As a last resort
Public Papers of George Clinton. 91
however, to avoid what certainly would have been civil war, he
dispatched messengers to Henry with an offer to pay the amount
demanded for the powder. Henry was more or less denounced by
the Royalists in Virginia for his rebellious course, but there was
no doubt as to the sentiment of the majority of the people of Vir-
ginia who applauded him for his courage, determination and
boldness.
Disputes without number have occurred between, and per-
functory emphasis has been laid by historians upon the so-called
differences that obtained among the delegates to the first and
second Continental Congresses. As a philosophical inquiry this
point might be interesting, but as a historical fact it carries no
weight whatever. An aggregation of men brought together from
one community will divide on any average question that may be
submitted to them; and it is all the more natural that fifty-five
men, representing eleven colonies, different in the influence of
ancestry, in education and in religion, different in commercial
pursuits, in taste, thought and environment, will diverge with
honest effort of opinion upon grave and portentous issues that
they are called together to consider and to decide. It is because
of the fusing together of the ingredients used, which separately
appear irreconcilable and impossible of union, that the best steel
is made; and what applies to steel holds true with equal force of
individuals and nations.
Massachusetts was superior to her sister colonies, since through
her delegates with their learning and cultivation, she led the pro-
cession toward the separation of the mother country and her
dependencies. This spirit of supremacy is to be credited to the
influence of Harvard College, which for a century and a quarter
had been disseminating seeds not of antagonism to England,
but of the Anglo-Saxon instinct of independence and liberty.
92 Public Papers of George Clinton.
The Puritan influence in New England was still all powerful;
that influence that rapidly developed after the dissolution of the
English Parliament in 1629, when following years of tyranny,
Puritanism sought out a safer home in New England where it
could establish on those desolate shores what had been denied in
England. While the Spanish galleons were ransacking southern
seas, John Cabot the wealthy Venetian merchant, had made a
haven on the ice-ribbed coast of Labrador, and his son Sebastian
had traversed the territory from Hudson's Bay to Maryland.
France had opened up the valley of the St. Lawrence. It remained
for the hardy Anglo-Saxon, years after, to utilize the discoveries
of the Cabots, and the expeditions of Sir Humphrey Gilbert and
his eminent brother-in-law. Sir Walter Raleigh, to undertake the
most romantic expedition in our history — an expedition that
introduced among many other unique and useful articles and
commodities the potato and tobacco to modern civilization.
The priggishness of the New England delegates is more than
counterbalanced by their courage and sincerity. John Adams,
censorious, self-willed and conceited, had been elected to the
First Continental Congress after having committed himself to
the belief " that there is not spirit enough on either side to
bring the question to a complete decision." He is opposed "to
the taxation of Americans by authority of Parliament." He
wanders alone and ponders. He muses and mopes; ruminates
and drops into reveries and brown studies, and despondently
concludes, " we have not men fit for the times." " We are defi-
cient," he writes, " in genius, in education, in travel, in fortune,
in everything." He is somewhat of an optimist as concerns
Massachusetts and of a pessimist regarding the rest of the
Colonies.
His head was turned by the demonstrations that were made
in the province of Massachusetts in honor of himself and his
Public Papers of George Clinton. 93
three colleagues, Samuel Adams, Thomas Gushing and Eobert
Treat Paine, while on their way to Philadelphia in August, 1774.
Adams' vanity was touched to the limit. Bells were rung, can-
nons were fired, crowds cheered, feasts were spread, views were
interchanged and Adams from the complacent and diffident
lawyer of Boston suddenly developed into the statesman of in-
fluence and importance.
He was as delighted with the great manifestations of respect
as a boy with his first suit of clothing; he descants upion the
brotherly love that ought to exist between the members of Con-
gress; and is not sure whether the opinion is sound that obtains
with other colonists, that the Massachusetts gentlemen and es-
pecially in the town of Boston " do affect to dictate and take the
lead in continental measures/'
Cosmopolitan New York, as we have already seen in the pas-
sages quoted from his diary in the previous chapter, jars upon
the complacent nerves of this self-satisfied Bostonian. He
grieves lest " the leveling spirit of the New England colonies
would propagate itself into New York." Philip Livingston
is described as " a great, rough, rapid mortal." John Adams
was proud of his conversational gifts. He was ordinarily
a poor listener. The self-assertiveness of the New Yorkers sur-
prised and silenced him. As a matter of fact the average New
Englander looked down with more or less scorn upon and en-
tertained a suspicion of contempt for the intellectual attainments
of the average New Yorker. The former was willing to give the
latter ample credit for his ability to hoard money and build a
fortune but invariably withheld his approbation when the mental
capacity of his western neighbor came up in discussion.
The delegates were royally entertained by the hospitable people
of Philadelphia. All the colonies were represented except Georgia
94 Public Papers op George C^linton.
and Delaware — ^the latter sending however, three delegates from
her lower counties and New Castle. It is with more or less sur-
prise that the Puritans of New England are found day after day
dining with the hard drinkers of Virginia and the Carolinas.
The festivities showered upon these founders of our government
were generous in the extreme.
John Adams writes, Monday, August 29, 1774 : " Here we had
a fresh welcome to the city of Philadelphia; and, after some time
spent in conversation, a curtain was drawn and in the other half
of the chamber a supper appeared as elegant as ever was laid
upon a table. About eleven we retired."
Again: "30, Tuesday. * * * Then called at Mr. Mifflin's, a
grand, spacious and elegant house. * * * A friend, Collins,
came to see us and invited us to dine on Thursday."
" 31, Wednesday. Breakfasted at Mr. Bayard's of Philadelphia
with Mr. Sprout, a Presbyterian minister. * * * We dined
with Mr. Lynch, his lady and daughter at their lodgings * * *
and a very agreeable dinner and afternoon we had notwithstand-
ing the violent heat."
" September 1, Thursday. This day we breakfasted at Mr. Mif-
flin's. * * * We then went to return visits to the gentlemen
who had visited us. We visited a Mr. Cadwallader, a gentleman
of large fortune, a grand and elegant house and furniture. We
then visited Mr. Powell, another splendid seat. We then visited
the gentlemen from South Carolina and about twelve were intro-
duced to Mr. Galloway, the speaker of the house in Pennsylvania.
We dined at Friend Collins. * * * In the evening all the
gentlemen of the Congress who were arrived in town met at
Smith's, the new City Tavern, and spent the evening together.
Twenty -five members were come. Virginia, North Carolina, Mary-
land and the City of New York were not arrived."
Public Papers of George Clinton. 95
" 2, Friday. Dined at Mr. Thomas Mifflin's with Mr. Lynch, Mr.
IMiddletown, and the two Rutledges with their ladies. * * *
We were very sociable and happy. After coffee we went to the
tavern, where we were introduced to Peyton Randolph, Esquire,
Speaker of Virginia, Colonel Harrison, Richard Henry Lee, Es-
quire, and Colonel Bland, * * * "
Saturday, the third of September, was a gala day for the dele-
gates, according to the same authority. Adams began the day by
breakfasting at Dr. Shippen's; later went to see William Bar-
ren, * * * drank punch and ate dried smoked sprats at
his store; "dined with Joseph Reed, the lawj-er; * * *
spent the evening at Mr. Mifflin's with Lee and Harrison
from Virginia, the two Rutledges, Dr. Witherspoon, Dr. Shippen,
Dr. Steptoe and another gentleman; an elegant supper, and we
drank sentiments till eleven o'clock. Lee and Harrison were very
high. Lee had dined with Mr. Dickinson and drank burgundy the
whole afternoon."
These, were the days of three bottle Burgundy men in England.
Their American cousins were neither backward in adopting the
habit nor lacking in capacity to live up to it.
When in May, 1775, the powers of the Colonial government were
suspended and the supreme executive authority of New York was
intrusted to the Provincial Congress, the sentiment of New York
Oity and vicinity had by no means crystallized in favor of the
Revolution that was now before the people. William Tryon the
last royal governor had been, not only a tactful and an intelligent,
but a popular officer. He was loyal to his King and conciliatory
toward the Colonists. There is no question about his determina-
lion to execute any lorder imposed upon him by the former or of
his policy of improving the condition of the latter, so long as there
was no conflict or friction between the one and the other. Ameri-
96 Public Papers of Georgb Clinton.
can writers who have studiously attempted to hold Tryon up
to the execration and contempt of posterity fail to bear in
mind that a subordinate's first duty is obedience to orders of his
superior, right or wrong, and that when a well disciplined sub-
ordinate disobeys orders, particularly at a great public crisis, it
is solely for the purpose of making capital for himself, attracting
attention to himself or demagogically playing into what is so often
termed the hands of the populace. Tryon like most public men of
that period, regarded public office merely as an instrument to ex-
pand his financial condition. He promptly began his term of office
by purchasing large tracts of lands in the Mohawk Valley — the
garden ispot of New York State — ^his judgment receiving the in-
dorsement, many years later, of Washington and George Clinton,
who entered together into a profitable real estate transaction in
this same section. Tryion had been transferred from North Caro-
lina in July, 1771, and his promotion following a long line of dis-
sipated, dtunken and intolerant Governiors was expected to bring
about a reconciliation between the Crown and the Colonists who,
from 1765, had' shiown a degree of restlessness which his prede-
cessor, John Murray, Earl of Dunmore, had been unable to sup-
press or overcome.
George Clinton was chosen a member of the Provincial Con-
vention which by a call from the committee of the city and
county of New York, assembled on the 20th day of April, 1775, at
the Exchange, to choose delegates to represent the New York
Colony in the Second Continental Congress. This Congress as-
sembled May 5, 1775, at Smith's tavern in Philadelphia, and after-
wards at Carpenter's Hall, a building still preserved in that his-
toric city. Clinton took his seat May 15, 1775, the day the
Congress considered the situation in New York. The delegates
from that province had a:pplied to Congress for advice how to
Public Papers of George Clinton. 97
conduct themselves with regard to the troops that were expected.
The following resolution was adopted :
" That it be recommended, for the Present, to the Inhabitants
of New York, that if the Troops, which are expected, should
arrive, the said Colony act on the Defensive, so long as may be
consistent with their Safety and Security; that the Troops be
permitted to remain in the Barracks, so long as they behave
peaceably and quietly, but that they be not suffered to erect
Fortifications, or take any steps for cutting off the Communica-
tion between the Town and Country, and that if they commit
Hostilities or invade private Property, the Inhabitants should
defend themselves and their Property, and repel Force by Force;
that the warlike Stores be removed from the Town; that Places
of Eetreat in Case of Necessity, be provided for the Women and
Children of New York; and that a sufficient Number of Men be
embodied and kept in constant Keadiness for protecting the In-
habitants from Insult and Injury."
It was to stimulate the patriotism of the loyal people of New
York that John Jay had prepared the address which the New
York Convention adopted, and which the Continental Congress
recommended the people of America to peruse seriously.
" If," Jay wrote, " the British King really desires peace, why
did he order all your vessels to be seized and confiscated? Why
did he most cruelly command, that the men found on board such
vessels should be added to the crews of his ships of war, and
compelled to fight against their own countrymen — to spill the
blood of their neighbours and friends; nay, of their fathers, their
brothers and their children; and all this before these pretended
ambassadors of peace had arrived on our shores! Does any his-
tory, sacred or profane, record anything more horrid, more im-
7
98 Public Papebs of Gboege Clinton.
pious, more execrably wicked, tyrannical or devilish? If there
be one single idea of peace in his mind, why does he order your
cities to be burned, your country to be desolated, your brethren
to starve and languish and die in prison? If anything were in-
tended besides destruction, devastation and bloodshed, why are
the mercenaries of Germany transported near four thousand
miles to plunder your houses; ravish your wives and daugh-
ters!"
The following December, the second New York Provincial Con-
gress appointed George Clinton Brigadier General of Militia.
He attended the sessions of the Continental Congress in 1776,
and voted for the resolutions introduced in that body on the 7th
of June, which resulted, on the 4th of July, in the Declaration of
Independence, but as his state had been invaded by the British,
he hurriedly returned to New York on an iinperative order from
Washington, and lost the opportunity of attaching his name to
that instrument. The same year he was appointed a deputy to
the Fourth New York Provincial Congress, which assembled July
9th, at White Plains, Westchester County. tJpon receiving and
adopting the Declaration of Independence this Assembly, July
10th, changed their name to " Convention of Eepresejitatives of
the State of New York," and held sessions until May 13, 1777,
It was this Convention that framed and adopted the first consti-
tution of the State of New York.
George Clinton's command had been enlarged, as his letters
will indicate, on the 8th of August, 1776, so as to embrace the coun-
ties of Ulster, Orange and Westchester, In the January following
he was directed to raise one thousand men from the counties of
Dutchess, Ulster, Orange and Westchester. He had been ap-
pointed as general in command of the Highlands, the previous
March, and had been commissioned Brigadier General in the Con-
Public Papers of George Clinton. 99
tinental service. On the last day of the session of the New York
Convention, he received its thanks for " long and faithful ser-
vices as a delegate in the Continental Congress to the Colony of
l^ew York and to the State.'*
In the meantime, the Council of Safety which had been in-
Tested by the Convention of that year with powers to carry on
the government of the State until the new Legislature convened,
declared that the poll lists and ballots returned by the sheriffs
of the respective counties indicated that General George Clinton
was elected Governor and Lieutenant-Governor of the State.
The constitution having failed to specify the date when the Gov-
ernor should enter upon the duties of his oflflce, General Clinton
qualified on the day of his election and took the oath of office
July 30th — the oath having been administered to him by Pierre
Van Cortlandt, President of the Council, who discharged the
■duties of Lieutenant-Governor. The date of inauguration of the
Governor was not fixed by statute until 1787, when by act of the
legislature the first day of July after election was selected.
The, first legislature of the State of New York assembled at
Kingston, September 9, 1777. After some preliminary proceed-
ings, an adjournment was taken to the following day, at which
time the members met the Governor at the " Court Room " when
he delivered his message orally, confining himself almost ex-
i-lusively to questions of war.
It was not until September 1, 1778, that Governor Clinton
issued a proclamation, and on the 1st of October the Legislature
convened at Poughkeepsie, but an adjournment was effected from
day to day, owing to the inability of a quorum to attend, until
the 13th day of October, when the Legislature met the Governor
in the Senate Chamber where he made a speech, dwelling upon.
100 Public Papers of George Clinton.
the military situation in the country at large, and in this State
in particular. .
Poughkeepsie had now become, owing to the destruction of
Kingston, the capital of the State. On the 17th day of July,
1779, the Governor issued a proclamation, requiring the Legisla-
ture to meet at Kingston on the 9th day of August following.
Only a few members met, however, a number of the representa-
tives having joined the Army in the field in the meantime, and
the usual adjournment Was made from day to day until the 24th
day of August, when the Governor again addressed them. This
third session of the Legislature, had a migratory existence.
From August 24th to October 25th, its sessions were held at
Kingston. From January 27 to March 14, 1780, they were held
at Albany, and from April 22d to July 21st, at Kingston, where a
final adjournment was made.
On the 4th of September, 1780, the Governor assembled the
Legislature at Poughkeepsie. The Legislature had empowered
its delegates in Congress to cede a portion of the western terri-
tory belonging to the State for the common benefit, and in the
previous May LaFayette had returned from a visit to France,
bringing from the French Government a commission to Wash-
ington as Lieutenant-General and Vice-Admiral of France, in
torder that no dispute could be raised as to his authority as
Commander-in-Chief of the united forces of France and the
United States.
A month before the Legislature convened for its fourth session,
the command at West Point had been bestowed upon Benedict
Arnold, and while these sessions were in progress, Arnold's in-
famy was disclosed, and eight days before its final adjournment,
the unfortunate Andre had been hanged as a spy — on October
2d, at Tappan.
Chapter VIII.
THE MILITIA DISCONTENTMENT THE AVERAGE SOLDIEK KNEW HIS
RIGHTS HIS FARM AND HIS COUNTRY HIS GRIEVANCES NOT
WITHOUT JUSTIFICATION— PAY SMALL, FOOD SCARCE AND WOMEN
LEFT TO MANAGE THE FARM DISPARITY IN PAY BETWEEN THE
CONTINENTAL AND STATE AUTHORITIES HAMILTON POINTS OUT
A GRIEVANCE WASHINGTON'S APPOINTMENT TO THE COMMAND
OP THE ARMY THE ORIGINAL ORGANIZATION OF THE ARMY — ■
DESTITUTE CONDITION OF THE COLONIES AT THE OUTBREAK OP
HOSTILITIES ^HELPLESSNESS OF THE GENERAL STAFF THE
ARMY RATION A DISCOURAGING OUTLOOK.
How campaigns were conducted and battles won by the Ameri-
cans during the Revolutionary War must always prove a source
of wonder to the trained soldier and of mystery to the historical
student. At the critical part of every campaign, when rein-
forcemjents were absolutely necessary, the militia habitually
evinced a desire to go home; they were dissatisfied with soldier-
ing; they had grievances against their officers or the Govern-
ment; they were without blankets or ammunition or tents, or
shirts or shoes ; rain had fallen incessantly or the snow lay deep
and the roads were impassable; the troops were always in a
state of '' beat out." Added to their other tribulations were the
crops, which were always either to be laid out or taken in ; there
were no hands left on the farm; the Continental Currency had
lost its value as a purchasing power and the farmer refused to
take it for supplies furnished the troops.
The average militiaman of the day was an arrogant and inso-
lent fellow, who knew his rights and asserted them with spirit.
102 Public Papers of George, Clinton.
He was imbued with the idea that his country had more need
of his services than he had of the services of his country. He
had but little faith in the ofQcers who commanded him and
frankly said so. He had native bravery and spirit enough but
was conspicuously lacking in every idea that touched discipline.
To him discipline simply meant liberty of action. Obedience to
orders was a mere formality, to be interpreted and executed when
and as the militiaman saw fit. At times he flatly refused to
serve. His farm invariably came before his country for the rea-
son that the farm would compensate him for working on it while
he had doubts as to what his country would do for him. Duty
carried with it no serious obligation. When the enemy was in
sight the demand on the part of officers as well as men for fur-
loughs was strongest; if the night were dark or stormy, the
sentry laid aside his gun, sought a protected spot and composedly
went to sleep.*
* In connection with these matters a statement concerning the regulations governing
the conduct of the army of England and of the United States will have interest.
In the remote period of English history, military justice was invested in the hands-
of the High Constable, and Marshal, who seems to have been the Commander-in-
Chief, and who was assisted in the transaction of legal affairs by civilians and trained
officers. The most serious military offences were tried before the Parliament. In those
days the rules and laws of war were prepared by the King, by and with the advice of
his peers and other experienced persons.
In the early part of the reign of Henry VIII the office of High Constable waa
abolished, the commanders-in-chief of the army holding the rank of Lieutenant
General or of peers, lord-lieutenants. The Marshal, who was generally second la
command, presided as Chief Judge in all cases affecting the discipline of the army
and any complaint or disagreement that might arise concerning the troops. His court
assembled twice a week, on Monday and Thursday.
During the final years of the reign of King James I and the beginning of that of
King Charles, a mixed court came into existence, composed of both civil and military
members. The first record of the ordinances of war and military articles, according
to Grose, is of the time of King John, and entitled " constitutions to be made in the
army of our Lord the King;" the next is the record of King Richard I, made the first
year of his reign A. D. 1189, and chiefly meant to prevent " disputes between the sol-
diers and sailors in their voyage to the Holy Land." The ordinances of Richard II in
old French, and of King Henry V, printed in Latin, are among the manuscripts in the
British Museum. The military code of Henry VIII is preserved in manuscript in the
College of Arms, and was printed A. D. 1524. The laws and ordinances of war estab-
lished for the army of King Charles I by the Earl of Northumberland, A. D. 1640, con-
Public Papers of George Clinton. 103
Nor were his grievances without justification. Times were
hard. Money was difficult to earn and more difficult to collect.
tain a number of paragraphs not included in any similar work of the kind printed up
to that date.
The laws and ordinances prepared by the Earl of Essex in 1642, governed the con-
duct of the English army for nearly half a century. These were entitled " Laws and
Ordinances of war established for the better conduct of the army by his excellency
the Earl of Essex, Lord General of the forces raised by the authority of the Parlia-
ment for the defence of king and kingdom, and now enlarged by command of his
excellency and printed by his authority. London, for Luke Faune."
These ordinances are set forth in chapters as follows:
1. Of Duties to God. Four articles.
2. Of Duties to the King and State. Six articles.
3. Of Duties towards Superiors and Commanders. Ten articles.
4. Of Duties moral. Seven articles.
5. Of a Souldier's Duty touching his Armes. Seven articles.
6. Of Dutie in Marching. Four articles.
7. Of Duties in Camp and Garrison. Seventeen articles; of which no less than
eleven denounce capital punishment.
8. Of Duties in Action. Eleven articles.
9. Of the Duties of Commanders and Officers in particular. Thirteen articles;
10. Of the Duty of the Muster-Masters. Six articles.
11. Of Victuallers. Three articles.
12. Of Administration of Justice. Nine articles.
The year that saw the creation of courts martial, according to the modern accepta-
tion of the term, is buried in the mist of the past. They are mentioned however, with
the distinction of general and regimental, in the ordinances of war of King James II,
published by royal authority, A. D. 1686.
These rules and articles of war approach more closely to those by which the English
army is now governed. They number sixty-four articles, the final providing, " that
no punishment amounting to the loss of life or limb be inflicted on any offenders in
time of peace, although the same be allotted for the said offence by these articles
and the laws and customs of war."
Upon the abdication of King Charles II and the accession of William and Mary, a
military code was provided, which was called " The Mutiny Act " and which was
passed on the 12th of April 1689, and which to-day forms the basis of the Articles of
War that now govern the armies of England and the United States. The preamble
reads: " Whereas the raising or keeping a standing army within this Kingdom in
time of peace unless it be with the consent of Parlyament is against law; and whereas
it is judged necessary by their Majestyes and this present Parlyament that during this
time of warr (danger) several of the forces which are now on foot should be continued
and others raised for the safety of the Kingdom, for the common defence of the
Protestant religion and for the reducing of Ireland."
It was ordered that the Mutiny Act should be read at the head of every regiment,
troop or company at every muster, " that noe soldier may pretend ignorance."
With the exception of three years, from April 10, 1698, to February 20, 1701, the
Mutiny Act has been annually renewed in England by Parliament, subject of course,
to many alterations, modifications and amendments.
The Articles of War that governed Washington's Army were taken from the English
Mutiny Act, and were adopted by the Continental Congress June 30, 1775, upon the
report of the committee which had been designated to prepare them and which con-
sisted of George Washington, Philip Schuyler, Silas Deane, Thomas Gushing and
Joseph Hewes:
104 Public Papers of George Clinton.
The pay of the soldier was small; his ration was meagre in quan-
tity, often indigestible, and generally uncertain of delivery.
ResoWed, That the following Rules and Orders be attended to, and observed by such
Forces as are or may hereafter be raised for the Purposes aforesaid.
Article I. That every Officer who shall be retained, and every Soldier who shall
serve in the Continental Army, shall, at the time of his acceptance of his Commission
or Inlistment, subscribe these Rules and Regulations. And that the Officers and
Soldiers, already of that Army, shall also, as soon as may be, subscribe the same;
from the time of which subscription every Officer and Soldier shall be bound by those
Regulations. But if any of the Officers or Soldiers, now of the said Army, do not
subscribe these Rules and Regulations, then they may be retained in the said Army,
subject to the Rules and Regulations under which they entered into the Service, or be
discharged from the Service, at the option of the Commander in Chief.
II. It is earnestly recommended to all Officers and Soldiers diligently to attend divine
Service; and all Officers and Soldiers who shall behave indecently or irreverently at
any Place of Divine Worship, shall, if commissioned Officers, be brought before a
Court-Martial, there to be publicly and severely reprimanded by the President; if non-
commissioned Officers or Soldiers, every Person so offending, shall, for his first
Offence forfeit one sixth of a Dollar, to be deducted out of his next Pay; for the
second Offence, he shall not only forfeit a like Sum, but be confined for twenty-four
Hours, and for every like Offence, shall Suffer and Pay in like Manner; which Money
so forfeited shall be applied to the Use of the sick Soldiers of the Troop or Company
to which the Offender belongs.
III. Whatsoever non-commissioned Officer or Soldier shall use any profane Oath or
Execration, shall incur the Penalties expressed in the foregoing Article; and if a
commissioned Officer be thus guilty of profane cursing or swearing, he shall forfeit
and pay for each and every such Offence, the Sum of Four Shillings, lawful Money.
IV. Any Officer or Soldier, who shall behave himself with contempt or disrespect
towards the General or Generals, or Commanders in Chief of the Continental Forces,
or shall speak false Words, tending to his or their Hurt or Dishonour, shall be pun-
ished, according to the nature of his Offence, by the judgment of a general Court
Martial,
V. Any Officer or Soldier, who shall begin, excite, cause, or join in any Mutiny or
Sedition, in the Regiment, Troop, or Company to which he belongs, or in any other
Regiment, Troop, or Company of the Continental Forces, either by Land or Sea, or
in any Part, Post, Detachment, or Guard, on any Pretence whatsoever, shall suffer
such Punishment as by a general Court-Martial shall be ordered.
VI. Any Officer, non-commissioned Officer, or Soldier, who being present at any
Mutiny or Sedition, does not use his utmost endeavours to suppress the same, or
coming to the knowledge of any Mutiny or intended Mutiny, does not, without delay,
give information thereof to the Commanding Officer, shall be punished by Order of a
general Court-Martial, according to the nature of his Offence.
VII. Any Officer or Soldier, who shall strike his superior Officer, or draw, or offer
to draw, or shall lift up any Weapon, or offer any Violence against him, being in
the execution of his Office, on any Pretence whatsoever, or shall disobey and lawful
Commands of his superior Officer, shall suffer such Punishment as shall, according
to the nature of his Offence, be ordered by the Sentence of a general Court-Martial.
VIII. Any non-commissioned Officer or Soldier who shall desert, or without leave of
his commanding Officer, absent himself from the Troop or Company to which he
belongs, or from any Detachment of the same, shall, upon being convicted thereof,
be punished according to the nature of his Offence, at the discretion of a general
Court-Martial.
IX. Whatsoever Officer or Soldier shall be convicted of having advised or persuaded
any other Officer or Soldier to desert, shall suffer such Punishment as shall be ordered
by the Sentence of a general Court-Martial.
Public Papers of George Clinton. 105
Much was expected of him. Distances were long and the roads
at best were hard and rough. Off the line of the Hudson River
X. All Officers, of what condition soever, shall have Power to part and quell all
Quarrels, Prays, and Disorders, though the Persons concerned should belong to
another Regiment, Troop, or Company; and either order Officers to be arrested, or
non-commissioned Officers or Soldiers to be confined and imprisoned, till their proper
superior Officers shall be acquainted, therewith; and whoever shall refuse to obey such
Officer, (though of an inferior Rank,) or shall draw his Sword upon him, shall be
punished at the discretion of a general Court-Martial.
XI. No Officer or Soldier shall use any reproachful or provoking Speeches or Ges-
tures to another, nor shall presume to send a Challenge to any Person to fight a Duel;
And whoever shall knowingly and willingly suffer any Person whatsoever to go forth
to fight a Duel, or shall second, promote, or carry any Challenge, shall be deemed as
a Principal; and whatsoever Officer or Soldier shall upbraid another for refusing a
Challenge, shall also be considered as a Challenger; and all such Offenders, in any of
these or such like cases, shall be punished at the discretion of a general Court-
Martial.
XII. Every Officer commanding in Quarters, or on a March, shall keep good Order,
and, to the utmost of his Power, redress all such Abuses or Disorders which may be
committed by any Officer or Soldier under his command: If upon any complaint being
made to him, of Officers or Soldiers beating, or otherwise ill-treating any Person,
or of committing' any kind of riot, to the disquieting of the Inhabitants of this Con-
tinent; he the said Commander, who shall refuse or omit to see Justice done on the
Offender or Offenders, and reparation made to the Party or Parties injured, as far as
the Offender's Wages shall enable him or them, shall, upon due Proof thereof, 'b^e
punished as ordered by a general Court-Martial, in such Manner as if he himself had
committed the Crimes or Disorders complained of.
XIII. If any Officer should think himself to be wronged by his Colonel or the Com-
manding Officer of the Regiment, and shall, upon due application made to him, be
refused to be redressed, he may complain to the General or Commander in Chief of
the Continental Forces, in order to obtain Justice, who is hereby required to examine
into sai(J Complaint, and see that Justice be done.
XIV. If any inferior Officer or Soldier, shall think himself wronged by his Captain or
other Officer commanding the Troop or Company to which he belongs, he is to com-
plain thereof to the Commanding Officer of the Regiment, who is hereby required to
summon a regimental Court-Martial, for the doing Justice to the Complainant; from
which regimental Court-Martial, either Party may, if he thinks himself still aggrieved,
appeal to a general Court-Martial; but if, upon a second hearing, the Appeal shall
appear to be vexatious and groundless, the Person so appealing, shall be punished at
the discretion of the general Court-Martial.
XV. Whatsoever non-commissioned Officer or Soldier, shall be convicted, at a regi-
mental Court-Martial, of having sold, or designedly, or through neglect, wasted the
Ammunition, Arms, or Provisions, or other Military Stores, delivered out to him, to
be employed in the Service of this Continent, shall, if an Officer, be reduced to a
private Centinel; and if a private Soldier, shall suffer such punishment as shall be
ordered by a regimental Court-Martial.
XVI. All non-commissioned Officers and Soldiers, who shall be found one Mile from
the Camp, without leave in writing from their commanding Officer, shall suffer such
Punishment as shall be inflicted on him or them by the sentence of a regimental
Court-Martial.
XVII. No Officer or Soldier shall lie out of his Quarters or Camp, without leave from
the commanding Officer of the Regiment, upon penalty of being punished according
to the nature of his Offence, by order of a regimental Court-Martial.
XVIII. Every non-commissioned Officer and Soldier shall retire to his Quarters, or
106 ■ Public Papers of George Clinton.
the militiaman wae forced to cover the distance to and from his
home to his training station afoot. It must be confessed that
Tent, at the beating of the Retreat; in default of -which, he shall be punished
according to the nature of his Offence, by order of the commanding Officer.
XIX. No Officer, non-commissioned Officer or Soldier, shall fail of repairing, at the
time fixed, to the Place of Parade or Exercise, or other rendezvous appointed by the
commanding Officer, if not prevented by Sickness or some other evident necessity; or
shall go from the said place of Rendezvous, or from his Guard, without leave from his
commanding Officer, before he shall be regularly dismissed or relieved, on Penalty of
being punished according to the nature of his Offence, by the sentence of a regi-
mental Court-Martial.
XX. Whatsoever commissioned Officer shall be found drunk on his Guard, Party, or
Duty, under Arms, shall be cashiered for it; any non-commissioned Officer or Soldier
so offending, shall suffer such Punishment as shall be ordered by the sentence of a
regimental Court-Martial.
XXI. Whatsoever Centinel shall be found sleeping upon his Post, or shall leave It
before he shall be regularly relieved, shall suffer such Punishment as shall be ordered
by the sentence of a general Court-Martial.
XXII. Any Person belonging to the Continental Army, who, by discharging of Fire-
arms, beating of Drums or by any other means whatsoever, shall occasion false
Alarms, in Camp or Quarters, shall suffer such Punishment as shall be ordered by the
sentence of a general Court-Martial.
XXIII. Any Officer or Soldier, who shall, without urgent Necessity, or without leave
of his superior Officer, quit his Platoon or Division, shall be punished according to the
nature of his Offence, by the sentence of a regimental Court-Martial.
XXIV. No Officer or Soldier shall do violence, or offer any Insult, or Abuse, to any
Person who shall bring Provisions, or other Necessaries, to the Camp or Quarters of
the Continental Army; any Officer or Soldier so offending, shall, upon complaint being
made to the commanding Officer, suffer such Punishment as shall be ordered by a
regimental Court-Martial.
XXV. Whatsoever Officer or Soldier shall shamefully abandon any Post committed to
his charge, or shall speak Words inducing others to do the like, in time of an
Engagement, shall suffer death immediately.
XXVI. Any person belonging to the Continental Army, who shall make known the
Watch-word to any Person who is not entitled to receive it, according to the Rules
and Discipline of War, or shall presume to give a Parole, or Watch-word, different
from what he received, shall suffer Death, or such other Punishment as shall be
ordered by the sentence of a general Court-Martial.
XXVII. Whosoever belonging to the Continental Army, shall relieve the Enemy
with Money, Victuals, or Ammunition, or shall knowingly harbour or protect an
Enemy, shall suffer such Punishment as by a general Court-Martial shall be ordered.
XXVIII. Whosoever belonging to the Continental Army, shall be convicted of hold-
ing Correspondence with, or of giving Intelligence to the Enemy, either directly or
indirectly, shall suffer such Punishment as by a general Court-Martial shall be
ordered.
XXIX. All public Stores taken in the Enemy's Camp or Magazines, whether of
Artillery, Ammunition, Cloathing, or Provisions, shall be secured for the use of the
United Colonies.
XXX. If amy /Officeu or Soldier shall leave his Post or Colours, in time of an
Engagement, to go in search of Plunder, he shall, upon being convicted thereof before
a general Court-Martial, suffer such Punishment as by the said Court-Martial shall
be ordered.
XXXI. If any Commander of any Post, Intrenchment, or Fortress, shall be com-
pelled, by the Officers or Soldiers under his command, to give it up to the Enemy, or
Public Papers op George Clinton. 107
his patriotism required stimulation. Women were left to man-
age the farms. On the frontier this responsibility had added
to abandon it, the commissioned Officer, non-commissioned Officers, or Soldiers, who
shall be convicted of having so offended, shall suffer Death, or such other Punish-
ment as may be inflicted upon them by the sentence of a general Court-Martial.
XXXII. All Suttlers and Retailers to a Camp, and all Persons whatsoever, serving
with the Continental Army in the Field, though not inlisted Soldiers, are to be sub-
ject to the Articles, Rules, and Regulations of the Continental Army.
XXXIII. No General Court-Martial shall consist of a less Number than thirteen,
none of which shall be under the Degree of a Commissioned Officer; and the President
shall be a Field Officer: And the President»of each and every Court-Martial, whether
General or Regimental, shall have Power to administer an Oath to every "Witness,
in order to the Trial of Offenders. And the Members of all Courts-Martial shall be
duly sworn by the President; and the next in Rank on the Court-Martial, shall
administer the Oath to the President.
XXXIV. The Members, both of General and Regimental Courts-Martial, shall, when
belonging to different Corps, take the same Rank which they hold in the Army; but
when Courts-Martial shall be composed of Officers of one Corps, they shall take their
Ranks according to their Commissions by which they are mustered in the said Corps.
XXXV. All the Members of a Court-Martial, are to behave with Calmness, Decency,
and Impartiality; and in giving of their Votes, are to begin with the youngest or
lowest in Commission.
XXXVI. No Field Officer shall be tried by any Person under the Degree of a Cap-
tain; nor shall any Proceedings or Trials be carried on excepting between the Hours of
■eight in the Morning, and three in the Afternoon, except in Cases which require an
immediate Example.
XXXVII. The Commissioned Officers of every Regiment may, by the Appointment of
their Colonel or Commanding Officer, hold Regimental Courts-Martial for the enquiring
into such Disputes or criminal Matters as may come before them, and for the inflicting
corporal Punishments, for small Offences, and shall give Judgment by the Majority
of Voices; but no Sentence shall be executed till the Commanding Officer (not being a
Member of the Court-Martial) shall have confirmed the same.
XXXVIII. No Regimental Court-Martial shall consist of less than five Officers,
excepting in Cases where that Number cannot be conveniently assembled, when three
may be sufficient; who are likewise to determine upon the Sentence by the Majority of
Voices; which Sentence is to be confirmed by the Commanding Officer, not being a
Member of the Court-Martial.
XXXIX. Every Officer, commanding in any^Fort, Castle, or Barrack, or elsewhere,
where the Corps under his Command consists of Detachments from different Regi-
ments, or of independent Companies, may assemble Courts-Martial for the Trial of
Offenders in the same Manner as if they were Regimental, whose Sentence is not to be
executed till it shall be confirmed by the said Commanding Officer.
XL. No Person whatsoever shall use menacing Words, Signs, or Gestures in the
Presence of a Court-Martial then sitting, or shall cause any Disorder or Riot, so as to
disturb their Proceeding, on the Penalty of being punished at the Discretion of the
said Court-Martial.
XLI. To the End that Offenders may be brought to Justice; whenever any Officer
or Soldier shall commit a Crime deserving Punishment, he shall by his Commanding
Officer, if an Officer, be put in Arrest; if a Non-commissioned Officer or Soldier, be
imprisoned till he shall be either tried by a Court-Martial, or shall be lawfully dis-
charged by proper Authority.
XLII. No Officer or Soldier who shall be put in Arrest, or Imprisonment, shall con-
tinue in his Confinement more than eight Days, or till such Time as a Court-Martial
can be conveniently assembled.
108 Public Pap.ers of Geqrgb; Clinton.
to it the terror of a visit from the redskin. The hardy frontiers-
man who had patriotically joined the Continental forces or the
XLIII. No Officer commanding a Guard, or Provost-Marshal, shall refuse to receive
or keep any Prisoner committed to his Charge, by an Officer belonging to the Conti-
nental Forces; which Officer shall at the same Time deliver an Account in writing,
signed by himself, of the Crime with which the said Prisoner is charged.
XLIV. No Officer commanding a Guard, or Provost-Marshal, shall presume to release
any Prisoner committed to his Charge, without proper Authority for so doing; nor shall
he suffer any Prisoner to escape, on the Penalty of being punished for it, by the
Sentence of a General Court-Martial.
XLV. Every Officer or Provost-Marshal, to whose Charge Prisoners shall be com-
mitted, is hereby required, within twenty-four Hours after such Commitment, or as
soon as he shall be releaved from his Guard, to give in writing to the Colonel of the
Regiment to whom the Prisoner belongs (where the Prisoner is confined upon the
Guard belonging to the said Regiment, and that his Offence only relates to the Neglect
of Duty in his own Corps) or to the Commander in Chief, their Names, their Crimes,
and the Names of the Officers who committed them, on the Penalty of being punished
for his Disobedience or Neglect, at the Discretion of a General Court-Martial.
XLVI. And if any Officer under Arrest shall leave his Confinement before he is set
at Liberty by the Officer who confined him, or by a superior Power, he shall be
cashiered for it.
XLVII. Whatsoever Commissioned Officer shall be convicted before a General Court-
Martial, of behaving in a scandalous, infamous Manner, such as is unbecoming the
Character of an Officer and a Gentleman, shall be discharged from the Service.
XLVIII. All Officers, Conductors, Gunners, Matrosses, Drivers, or any other Persons
whatsoever, receiving Pay or Hire, in the Service of the Continental Artillery, shall
be governed by the aforesaid Rules and Articles, and shall be subject to be tried by
Courts-Martial, in like Manner with the Officers and Soldiers of the Continental
Troops.
XLIX. For Differences arising amongst themselves, or in Matters relating solely to
their own Corps, the Courts-Martial may be composed of their own Officers; but where
a Number sufficient of such Officers cannot be assembled, or in Matters wherein other
Corps are interested, the Officers of Artillery shall sit in Courts-Martial, with the
Officers of the other Corps.
L. All Crimes, not capital, and all Disorders and Neglects, which Officers and
Soldiers may be guilty of, to the Prejudice of good Order and military Discipline,
though not mentioned in the Articles of War, are to be taken Cognizance of by a
General or Regimental Court-Martial, according to the Nature and Degree of the
Offence, and be punished at their Discretion.
LI. That no Persons shall be sentenced by a Court-Martial to suffer Death, except
in the Cases expressly mentioned in the foregoing Articles; nor shall any Punishment
be inflicted at the Discretion of a Court-Martial, other than degrading, cashiering,
drumming out of the Army, whipping not exceeding Thirty-nine Lashes, fine not
exceeding two Months Pay of the Offender, imprisonment not exceeding one Month.
LII. The Field Officers of each and every Regiment are to appoint some suitable
Person belonging to such Regiment, to receive all such Fines as may arise within the
same, for any Breach of any of the foregoing Articles, and shall direct the same to
be carefully and properly applied to the Relief of such sick, wounded, or necessitous
Soldiers, as belong to such Regiment; and such Person shall account with such
Officer for all Fines received, and the Application thereof.
LIII.I All Members sitting in Courts-Martial shall be sworn by the President of said
Courts, which President shall himself be sworn by the Officer in said Court next in
Rank: — The Oath to be administered previous to their proceeding to the Trial of any
Offender, in Form following, viz.
PuBLie Papers of George Clinton. 109
inilitia lived in constant dread of hearing that his farm had been
devastated, his wife murdered, his daughter ravished or his baby
" You A. B. swear that you will well and truly try, and impartially determine the
Cause of the Prisoner now to be tried, according to the Rules for regulating the
Continental Army. So help you God."
LIV. All Persons called to give Evidence, in any Case, before a Court-Martial, who
shall refuse to give Evidence, shall be punished for such refusal at the discretion of
such Court-Martial: — The oath to be administered in the following Form, viz.
" You swear the Evidence you shall give in the case now in hearing, shall be the
Truth, the whole Truth, and nothing but the Truth. So help you God."
LV. Every Officer commanding a Regiment, Troop, or Company, shall, upon notice
given to him by the Commissary of the Musters, or from one of his Deputies, assemble
the Regiment, Troop, or Company under his command, in the next convenient Place
for their being mustered.
LVI. ETery Colonel or other Field OflGicer, or officer commanding any Corps, to
which there is no Field Officer, and actually residing with it, may give Furloughs to
non-commissioned Officers and Soldiers, in such Numbers, and for so long a Time,
as he shall judge to be most consistent with the Good of the Service; but no non-
commissioned Officer or Soldier shall, by leave of his Captain, or inferior Officer,
commanding the Troop or Company (his Field Officer not being present) be absent
above twenty Days in six Months, nor shall more than two private Men be absent at
the same Time from their Troop or Company, excepting some extraordinary occasion
should require it, of which occasion the Field Officer present with, and commanding
the Regiment or Independent Corps, is to be judge.
LVII. At every Muster the commanding Officer of each Regiment, Troop, or Com-
pany, then present, shall give to the Commissary of Musters Certificates signed by
himself, signifying how long' such Officers, non-commissioned Officers, and Soldiers,
who shall not appear at the said M,uster, have been absent, and the reason of their
absence; which reasons, and the time of absence, shall be inserted in the Muster-
rolls, opposite to the respective Names of such Absentees: The said Certificates shall,
together with the Muster-rolls, be by the said Commissary transmitted to the General,
and to this or any future Congress of the United Colonies, or Committee appointed
thereby, within twenty Days next after such Muster being taken; on failure whereof,
the Commissary so offending, shall be discharged from the Service.
LVIII. Every Officer who shall be convicted before a general Court-Martial of hav-
ing signed a false Certificate, relating to the absence of either Officers, non-com-
missicned officer, or private Soldier, shall be cashiered.
LIX. Every Officer, who shall knowingly make a false Muster of Man or Horse, and
every Officer or Commissary who shall willingly sign, direct, or allow the signing of
the Muster-rolls, wherein such false Muster is contained, shall, upon Proof made
thereof, by two Witnesses, before a general Court-Martial be cashiered, and more-
over forfeit all such Pay as may be due to him at the time of conviction for such
Offence.
LX. Any Commissary who shall be convicted of having taken any Gift or Gratuity
on the mustering any Regiment, Troop, or Company, or on the signing the Muster-
rolls, shall be displaced from his Office, and forfeit his Pay, as ia the preceding
Article.
■LXI. Any Officer, who ?hall presume to Muster any Person as a Soldier, who is at
other times accustomed to wear a Livery, or who does not actually do his Duty as a
Soldier, shall be deemed guilty of having made a false Muster, and shall suffer
accordingly.
LXII. Every Officer who shall knowingly make a false return to the Commander in
Chief of the American Forces, or to any his superior Officer, authorized to call for
such returns, of the state of the Regiment, Troop, independent .Company, or Garrison
110 Public Papers of Georg:^ Clinton.
carried off in captivity to face a fate infinitely worse than torture
at the stake.
under Ws comniand, or of Arms, Ammunition, Clothing, or other Stores thereunto
belonging, shall, by a Court-Martial, be cashiered.
LXIII. The commanding Officer of every Regiment, Troop, independent Company or
Garrison, in the service aforesaid, shall, in the beginning of every Month remit to the
Commander in Chief of said Forces an exact return of the state of the Regiment,
Troop, independent Company, or Garrison under his comniand, specifying the Names
of the Officers not then residing at their Posts, and the reason for, and the time of
their absence; whoever shall be convicted of having, through neglect or design,
omitted the sending such returns, shall be punished according to the nature of his
Crime, by the judgment of a general Court-Martial.
LXIV. No suttler shall be permitted to sell any kind of Liquors or Victuals, or to
keep their Houses or Shops open, for the entertainment of Soldiers, after nine at
Night, or before the beating of the Reveilles, or upon Sundays, during Divine Ser-
vice or Sermon, on the Penalty of being dismissed from all future Suttling.
LXV. All Officers commanding in the Camp, or in any Forts, Barracks, or Garrisons,
are hereby required to see that the Persons permitted to suttle shall supply the Sol-
diers with good and wholesome Provisions at a reasonable Price, as they shall be
answerable for their neglect.
LXVI. No Officers commanding in any Camp, Garrisons, Forts, or Barracks, shall
either themselves exact exorbitant Prices for Houses or Stalls let out to Suttlers, or
shall connive at the like exactions in others, nor lay any Duty or impositions upon,
or be interested in the sale of such Victuals, Liquors, or other Necessaries of Life,
which are brought into the Camp, Garrison, Fort, or Barracks, for the use of the
Soldiers, on the Penalty of being discharged from the service.
LXVII. That the General, or Commander in Chief for the time being, shall have
full Power of pardoning, or mitigating any of the Punishments ordered to be in-
flicted, for any of the Offences mentioned in the foregoing Articles; and every Offender
convicted as aforesaid, by any regimental Court-Martial, may be pardoned, or have
his Punishment mitigated by the Colonel or Officer commanding the Regiment.
LXVIII. When any commissioned officer shall happen to die, or be killed in the
Service of the United Colonies, the Major of the Regiment, or the Officer doing the
Major's Duty in his absence, shall immediately secure all his Effects or Equipage,
then in Camp or Quarters; and shall before the next regimental Court-Martial, make
an inventory thereof, and forthwith transmit to the Office of the Secretary of the Con-
gress, or Assembly of the Province in which the Corps is stationed or shall happen to
be at the time of the death of such Officer; to the end that his Executors may, after
payment of his Debts in Quarters, and interment, receive the overplus, if any be, to
his or their use.
LXIX. When any non-commissioned Officer or private Soldier, shall happen to die,
or be killed in the Service of the United Colonies, the then commanding Officer of the
Troop or Company, shall, in the Presence of two other Commissioned Officers, take an
account of whatever Effects he dies possessed of, and transmit the same, as in the
Case above provided for, in Order that the same may be secured for, and paid to their
respective Representatives.*
*In Congress, November 7, 1775.
Resolved, That the following Additions and Alterations or Amendments, be made
in the RULES and REGULATIONS of the Continental Army.
1. All Persons convicted of holding a Treacherous Correspondence with, or giving
Intelligence to the Enemy, shall suffer Death, or such other Punishment as a general
Court-Martial shall think proper.
2. All commissioned Officers found guilty by a general Court-Martial of any Fraud
or Embezzlement, shall forfeit all his Pay, be ipso facto cashiered, and deemed unfit
for further Service as an Officer.
Public Papers op George Clinton. Ill
Another grievance that appears inexplicable as well for its
original existence as for the failure of the authorities to eradi-
3. All non-commissioned Officers and Soldiers, convicted before a Regimental Court-
Martial of Stealing, Em^ezzling or destroying Ammunition, Provisions, Tools, or any-
thing belonging to the Public Stores, if a non-commissioned Officer, to be reduced to
the Ranks, and punished with whipping, not less than Fifteen, nor more than Thirty-
nine lashes, at the discretion of the Court-Martial; if a private Soldier, with the same
corporal Punishment.
4. In all cases where a commissioned Officer is cashiered for Cowardice or Fraud, it
be added in the Punishment, that the Crime, Name, Place of Abode, and Punish-
ment of the Delinquent be published in the News-papers, in and about the Camp, and
of that Colony from which the Offender came, or usually resides: After which it
shall be deemed scandalous in any Officer to associate with him.
5. Any Officer or Soldier, who shall begin, excite, cause, or join in any Mutiny or
Sedition in the Regiment, Troop, or Company to which he belongs, or in any other
Regiment, Troop, or Company of the Continental Forces, either by Land or Sea, or
in any Party, Post, Detachment, or Guard, on any Pretence whatsoever, shall suffer
Death, or such other Punishment, as a general Court-Martial shall direct.
6. Any Officer or Soldier, who shall desert to the Enemy, and afterwards be taken,
shall suffer Death, or such other Punishment, as a general Court-Martial shall direct.
7. Whatsoever commissioned Officer shall be found drunk on his Guard, Party, or
other Duty under Arms, shall be cashiered and drummed out of the Army with
Infamy; any non-commissioned Officer or Soldier, so offending, shall be sentenced to
be whipt, not less than Twenty, nor more than Thirty-nine lashes, according to the
Nature of the Offence.
8. Whatsoever Officer or Soldier, placed as a Centinel, shall be found sleeping upon
his Post, or shall leave it before he shall be regularly relieved, if a commissioned
Officer, shall be cashiered, and drummed out of the Army with Infamy; if 'a non-
commissioned Officer or Soldier, shall be sentenced to be whipped, not less than
Twenty, nor more than Thirty-nine lashes, according to the Nature of the Offence.
9. No Officer or Soldier shall lie out of his Quarters or Camp, without Leave from
the commanding Officer of the Regiment, upon Penalty, if an officer, of being mulcted
one Month's Pay for the first Offence, and cashiered for the second; if a non-com-
m,issioned Officer or Soldier, of being confined Seven Days on Bread and Water for the
first offence; and the same Punishment and a forfeiture of a Week's Pay for the
second.
10. Whatsoever Officer or Soldier shall misbehave himself before the Enemy, or
Shamefully abandon any Post committed to his Charge, or shall speak Words induc-
ing others to do the like, shall suffer Death.
11. All public Stores taken in the Enemy's Camp or Magazines, whether of Artillery,
Ammunition, Cloathing, or Provisions, shall be secured for the Use of the United
Colonies: And all commissioned Officers, found guilty by general Court-Martial, of
embezzling the same; or any of them, shall forfeit all his Pay, be ipso facto
cashiered, and deemed unfit for farther Service as an Officer. And all non-commis-
sioned Officers and Soldiers, convicted before a Regimental Court-Martial of Stealing
or Embezzling the same, if a non-commissioned Officer, shall be reduced to the Ranks,
and punished with Whipping, not less than Fifteen, nor more than Thirty-nine
lashes, at the discretion of the Court-Martial; if a private Soldier, with the same
Punishment.
12. If any Officer or Soldier, shall leave his Post or Colours, in Time of an Engage-
ment, to go in Search of Plunder, he shall, if a commissioned Officer, be cashiered,
and drummed out of the Army with Infamy, and forfeit all Share of Plunder; if a non-
commissioned Officer or Soldier, be Whipped, not less than Twenty, nor more than
112 Public Papers of George Clinton.
cate it without delay, was caused by the disparity in pay and
allowances between the Continental and State forces. And yet
in spite of this example, in our own time, two instances of a simi-
lar nature have been seen, namely in the war of the Rebellion
and the war with Spain. During the war of the Revolution,
however, the pay of United States forces was much more attract-
ive than that allowed State troops, and, in consequence, great
difficulty was found in maintaining state quotas, because men
preferred to join the National organizations rather than con-
tinue their enlistment with the State forces.
In view of all that has come down to us, it is difficult which to
admire most, the audacity or the courage of the men who under-
Thirty-nine lashes, according to the Nature of the Offence, and forfeit all Share of the
Plunder taken from the Enemy.
13. Every Officer commanding a Regiment, Troop, or Company, shall, upon Notice
given to him by the Commissary of the Musters, or from one of his Deputies,
assemble the Regiment, Troop, or Company under his Command, in the next con-
venient Place for their being mustered, on Penalty of his being cashiered, and
mulcted of his Pay.
14. At every Muster, the commanding Officer of each Regiment, Troop, or Company
there present, shall give to the Commissary of Musters, Certificates signed by himself,
signifying how long such Officers, non-commissioned Officers and Soldiers, who sha,ll
not appear at the said Muster, have been absent, and the Reason of their Absence,
which Reasons and the Time of Absence, shall be inserted in the Muster Rolls,
opposite the Names of such Absentees: And the Surgeons or their Mates, shall at the
same Time give to the Commissary of Musters, a Certificate signed by them, signify-
ing the State of Health or Sickness of those under their Care, and the said Certificates
shall, together with the Muster Rolls, be by the said Commissary transmitted to the
General, and to this or any future Congress of the United Colonies, or Committee
appointed thereby, within Twenty Days next after such Muster being taken, on failure
whereof, the Commissary so offending, shall be discharged from the Service.
15. Every Officer who shall be convicted before a general Court-Martial , of having
signed a false Certificate relating to the Absence of either Officer, non-commissioned
Officer, or Private Soldier; and every Surgeon or Mate convicted of signing a false
Certificate, relating to the Health or Sickness of those under his Care, shall be
cashiered.
16. All Officers and Soldiers who shall wilfully or through Negligence, disobey any
general or Special Orders, shall be punished at the discretion of a Regimental Court-
Martial, where the Offence is against a Regimental Order, and at the discretion of a
general Court-Martial, where the Offence is against an Order given from the Com-
mander in Chief, or the Commanding Officer of any Detachment or Post, and such
general Court-Martial can be had.
The articles of war that govern the Army of the United States to-day were adopted
April 10, 1806, and are substantially those which the Continental Congress copied from
the Mutiny Act.
Public Papers op George Clinton. 113
took this experiment. The problem of breaking away from so
powerful a country as England was serious enough in itself, but
that seems infinitesimal in importance in comparison with those
larger questions — the conduct of the war and the construction of
a government should the experiment succeed.
History affords no parallel to the absolute helplessness of the
Colonies when the final separation came. Of an army, of a Navy,
of leaders to command and funds to maintain armies and navies,
of an exchequer, of a system of revenue to secure funds to prose-
cute the war, the country at large and the States were equally
deficient. The civil leaders who suddenly found themselves as
arch rebels and nation builders had had no more experience than
could be picked up on the hustings or in the local assemblies of
the Colonies; the men who came to the front to command troops
were alike lacking in military training and military ability, save
that here and there was one who had served in the war with
France fifteen years before — notably George Washington. A
number of them had served in what the late Gen. Gordon Granger
would " have stigmatized as " rag-tag bob-tail disappearing
militia " and had exchanged shots on the frontier, but with the
few exceptions noted, none had seen service with large bodies of
troops or understood the simplest principles of war.
If this element of weakness prevailed in the line, how much
more conspicuous was it in the staff upon which an army relies
for food, for comforts, for equipment, for ammunition, for pay,
for transportation and for medical supplies.
For a long time the organization of the army was in a pitiable
condition. Staff officers were willing and earnest, but willing-
ness could not furnish ability or earnestness supplies. The sue-
cess of American arms has been due as much to the intelligence
8
114 Public Papebs of George Clinton.
as to the bravery of the man in the ranks. Under the vicious con-
tract system he was made to suffer as keenly and as brutally a»
his descendant in subsequent wars. He knew that many of his
superiors were incompetent and that a number were dishonest.
He saw supplies and provisions that ought to come to him em-
bezzled by officers of high rank. Washington calls attention to
the suspicion that furloughs were bestowed upon convalescents
who were sent to work upon the farms of the general officer who
granted them.
By order of Congress, the ration was made to consist of the fol-
lowing kind and quantity of provisions:
" One pound beef or three-quarters pound pork or one pound
salt fish per day; one pound of bread or flour per day; three pints
of pease or beans per week or vegetables equivalent at one dollar
per bushel for pease or beans; one pint milk per man or at the rate
of one seventy-second of a dollar; one-half pint of rice or one pint
of Indian meal per week; one quart of spruce beer or cider per
man per day or nine gallons of molasses per company of one hun-
dred men, per week; three pound of candles to one hundred men
per week for guards; twenty-four pounds soft or eight pounds
hard soap per one hundred men per week."
The ration, like the question of compensation of the troops
early became a matter of dispute between the general govern-
ment and the States. The Commissary General, Joseph Trum-
bull, supplied the troops at 8^ pence per ration but Walter Liv-
ingston, Commissary of Stores and Provisions for the New York
department fixed his price at 10^ pence. " The difference,"^
writes Washington, "is immense and will amount to two hundred
pounds a day for 20,000 men." In June 1776, Washington noti-
fied the President of Congress that the cost of a ration accord-
Public Papers of George Clinton, 115
ing to Commissary General Trumbull from July 1 to December 1,
1776, was from 8 pence to 8^ pence York currency, and " with all
possible deference," he desired Congress to consider the matter
well before they come to any determination regarding the victual-
ling of the Flying Camp " in view of the many applications " for
the work.
The youthful Hamilton, a captain of artillery at nineteen, pro-
tests to the Provincial Congress of New York against the " con-
siderable difference " that exists in the pay between his battery
and a battery of the Continental Artillery. " Such a disadvan-
tageous distinction will have a very pernicious effect on the
minds and behavior of the men. They do the same duty with
the other companies," he writes, " and think themselves entitled
to the same pay. They have been already comparing accounts
and many marks of discontent have lately appeared on the
scene,"
As for the suspicion that the men were unwilling to go out of
the Colony, Hamilton declared that there were but few in the
company who would not as willingly leave the colony as remain
in it. Incidentally he hoped that his company should be allowed
the frock that was given other troops as a bounty, as it " would
be serviceable in summer while the men are in fatigue; and would
put it in their power to save their uniform much longer."
Hamilton might not have been a great general, but he certainly
was an efficient commanding officer, for he always was looking
after the personal comfort and welfare of his men.
Two months after he had urged increased pay for his men and
the bounty of a frock, he is on record as applying for the stand-
ard ration, " My men " he writes to the Provincial Congress
" you are sensible, are by their articles entitled to the same sub-
116 Public Papers of George Clinton.
sistence with the Continental troops and it would be to them an
insupportable discrimination, as well as a breach of the terms
of their enlistment, to give them almost a third less provisions
than the whole army besides receives."
The history of politics in the United States begins with the ap-
pointment of Washington to the command of the American Army.
Hardly had the echoes of the musketry at Concord and Lexington
died away, ere sectional and political differences arose in the
Continental Congress. There was the party that were jealous
of independence; a Southern party and a Northern party, whose
fundamental principles seenaed to be based upon the command
of the army. To add to the general complications, the Virginia
delegates were by no means unanimous, and it was no secret that
the New England delegates threatened to become hopelessly
divided.
John Hancock who had seen considerable experience as a
militia officer, was quietly nursing an ambition to become com-
mander in chief. Three strong arguments however, militated
against him; the first was the state of his health, the second, that
he had already been honored by being elected president of the
Congress, and third, the fact that the Southern delegates were
not disposed to allow New England to secure both the highest
civil and the highest military appointment.
John Adams seems to have analyzed the situation most accu-
rately, and to have understood his colleagues better than any
one else on the ground. Although aware of the fact that certain
Virginia delegates with military ambition were hopeful that
lightning might strike in their vicinity, he concluded that the
logical candidate for the position was Colonel George Washing-
ton. Consulting only Samuel Adams, who gave him no encour-
Public Papers of George Clinton. 117
agement, Jolin Adams arose in his place and uttering a few re-
marks, pointing out the uncertainty and anxiety in the minds of
the people, the "distresses of the army, the danger of dissolu-
tion, the difficulty of collecting another," concluded with a mo-
tion in substance that Congress should appoint as general, a gen-
tleman " whose skill and experience as an officer, whose inde-
pendent fortune, great talents and excellent universal character
would command the approbation of all America, and unite the
cordial exertions of all the Colonies better than any other person
in the Union."
Mr. Adams tells us that Washington, who happened to sit near
the door, darted into the library room as soon as the allusion was
made to him. The motion was seconded by Samuel Adams, but
so much opposition occurred that final action was deferred to
a later day, when the prejudices of the recalcitrant members
having been overcome, the proposition was renewed, and Wash-
ington was formally nominated and unanimously elected.
At the session of the 16th of June, 1775 the President informed
Colonel Washington that the Congress had unanimously chosen
him to be General and Commander-in-Chief of the American
forces, Washington, standing in his place, answered:
" Mr. President, Though I am truly sensible of the high Honor
done me in this Appointment, yet, I feel great Distress from a
Consciousness, that my Abilities and Military Experience may
not be equal to the extensive and important Trust: However, as
the Congress desire it, I will enter upon the momentous Duty,
and exert every Power I possess in their Service, and for Support
of the glorious Cause. I beg they will accept my most cordial
Thanks for this distinguished Testimony of their Approbation.
" But, lest some unlucky Event should happen unfavourable
118 Public Papers of Gtborgk Clinton.
to my Eeputation, I beg it may be remembered by every Gentle-
man in the Room, that I this Day declare with the utmost Sin-
cerity, I do not think myself equal to the Command I am hon-
oured with.
" As to Pay Sir, I beg Leave to assure the Congress, that as no
pecuniary Consideration could have tempted me to accept this
arduous Employment, at the Expence of my domestic Ease and
Happiness, I do not wish to make any Profit from it. I will keep
an exact Account of my Expenses. Those 1 doubt not they will
discharge, and that is all I desire."
On the same day, the 16th of June, the general organization of
the army was completed as follows:
Two Majoi Generals, whose compensation was fixed at one hun-
dred and sixty-six dollars per month — with three hundred and
thirty -two dollars per month when in command of a separate
department ;
Eight Brigadier-Generals at a compensation of one hundred
and twenty-five dollars per month ;
One Adjutant General, one hundred and twenty-five dollars per
month;
One Commissary General of Stores and Provisions, eighty dol-
lars per month ;
Quartermaster General, eighty dollars per month — with one
Deputy, forty dollars per month;
Paymaster general, one hundred dollars per month — one Dep-
uty, fifty dollars per month;
One Chief Engineer, sixty dollars per month;
Two Assistants, twenty dollars per month, each;
Three Aides-de-Camp, thirty-three dollars per month each;
One Secretary to the General, sixty-six dollars per month;
Public Papers of George Clinton. 119
Secretary to a Major General commandiBg in a separate de-
partment, thirty-three dollars per month;
Commissary of Musters, forty dollars per month.
The following November Congress ordered that the new army
that was to invest Boston should consist of 20,372 men, officers
included; that the pay of the officers and privates should remain
the same as in the present army, with the exception of the line
officers of " marching regiments," whose pay was fixed as fol-
lows: Captain, twenty-six and two-thirds dollars per month;
Lieutenant, eighteen dollars per month ; Ensign, thirteen and one-
third dollars per month; each regiment was to consist of 728
men, officers included, divided into eight companies each com-
pany to consist of one Captain, two Lieutenants, one Ensign,
four Sergeants, four Corporals, two Drums or Fifes, and seventy-
six privates.
The Congress recommended to the several Assemblies or Con-
ventions of the Colonies, to keep their gunsmiths at work " to
manufacture good firelocks with bayonets; each firelock to be
made with a good bridlelock, three-fourths of an inch bore and
of good substance at the breech, the barrel to be three feet eight
inches in length, the bayonet to be eighteen inches in the blade,
with a steel ramrod, the upper loop to be trumpet mouthed; that
the price to be given be fixed by the Assembly or Convention or
Committee of Safety of each Colony and that until a sufficient
quantity of good arms can be manufactured they import as many
as are wanted, by all the means in their power." Every man
who brought a blanket into camp was allowed two dollars for it
and permitted to carry it away with him at the end of the cam-
paign. The Commissary General was directed to cause cattle
120 Public Papers of George Clinton.
and hogs to be driven at proper seasons, to the camp " there to
be slaughtered and cured."
Deserters were punished by a fine of not less than thirty nor
more than fifty dollars, and in case of inability to pay the fine, to
be punished with whipping not exceeding thirty-nine lashes for
each offence. Every person who apprehended a deserter was to
receive five dollars.
On July 18, 1775, Congress enacted the first Militia law which
" recommended to the inhabitants of all the united English
Colonies in North America that all able-bodied, effective men
between sixteen and fifty years of age, in each Colony, might form
themselves into regular companies of Militia, to consist of one
captain, two lieutenants, one ensign, four sergeants, four cor-
porals, one clerk, one drummer, one fifer, and about sixty-eight
privates."'
Each company was permitted to elect its own ofiicers; the com-
panies were to be formed into regiments or battalions, officered
with a Colonel, Lieutenant Colonel, two Majors, an Adjutant or
Quartermaster. All officers above the rank of Captain were to
be appointed by the respective Provincial Assemblies, or Con-
ventions, or by the Committees of Safety. Each soldier was to
be furnished " with a good Musket that will carry an ounce Ball,
with a Bayonet, steel Kamrod, Worm, Priming Wire and Brush
fitted thereto, a cutting Sword or Tomahawk, a Cartridge Box,
that will contain twenty-three rounds of Cartridges, twelve flints
and a Knapsack." Each man was to provide himself with one
pound of " good Gunpowder and four Pounds of Ball fitted to his
Gun."
One-fourth part of the Militia in every county was to consist
of minute men, who were ordered " to be ready on the shortest
Public Papers of George Clinton. 121
Notice to march to any Place where their Assistance may be re-
quired fior the Defence of their own or a neighboring Colony." As
the minute men were expected to be called into action before
the body of the militia were sufficiently trained, it was recom-
mended " that a more particular and diligent attention be paid
to their instruction in military discipline."
The Congress absolved from military service all persons who
would do violence to their conscience by going to war.
Several days previous, July 13th, the following commissioners
were appointed for the Northern Department: Major General
Philip Schuyler, Major Joseph Hawley, Mr. Turbot Francis, Mr.
Oliver Woolcot, and Mr. Volkert P. Douw. The following day
.the Congress appointed Walter Livingston as a Commissioner
of Stores and Provisions, Donald Campbell Deputy Quartermas-
ter General, and Gunning Bedford Deputy Mustermaster for the
New York Department.
The grave if not perilious condition of the American Army and
the American cause can be best illustrated by extracts from the
letters' of prominent general officers:
" I have neither boats sufficient," writes Schuyler to Congress,
July 21, 1775, from Ticondepoga, " nor any materials prepared for
building them. The stores I ordered from New York are not yet
arrived. I have therefore not a nail, no pitch, no oakum and want
a variety of articles indispensably necessary which I estimated
and delivered to the New York Cougress on the 3d. An almost
equal scarcity of ammunition exists, no powder having yet come
to hand. Not a gun carriage for the few proper guns we have
'and as yet very little provision. There are now two hundred
troops less than by my last return. These are badly, very badly
armed, indeed; and one poor armorer to repair their guns."
122 Public Papers of George .Clinton.
Within a montli Washington complains of the scarcity of pow-
der. He writes : " Onr stock of powder is so small as in a degree-
to make lo^ur heavy artillery useless." The whole stock for the
Army at Cambridge was only 90 pounds. The Massachusetts Com-
imTittee reported they had in their possession 85 quarter casks
whereas they could muster only 35 half barrels. On this division
there was not more than an average of half a pound of powder to
a. man. Messengers were sent post haste to all the Southern
Colonies with the urgent request that all powder should be called
in without delay.
On September 21, 1775, Washington reports to Congress: " My
situation is inexpressibly distressing to see the winter fast ap-
proaching upon a naked army. * * * Added to these the military
chest is totally exhausted; the paymaster has not had a single
dollar in hand; the Commissary General assures me he has-
strained his credit for the subsistence of the Army to the utmost^
The Quartermaster is precisely in the isame situation, and the
greater part of the troops are in a state not far from mutiny upon
the deduction from their stated allowance. * * * if the evil
is not immediately remedied and miOTe punctually observed in
future, the Army must absolutely break up."
About this time Commissary General Trumbull writes: "A
Commissary with 20,000 gaping mouths, open full upon him audi
nothing to stop them with, must depend on being devoured him-
self * * * to his surprise finds a Paymaster, a Commissary
and a Quartermaster, nominal mouentities, all of them not able to-
advance one shilling."
Cmaf^xer IX.
KEW YORK THE NATURAL OBJECTIVE POINT OF THE ENEMY HER
IMPORTANCE STRATEGICALLY GRAND STRATEGY OF THE BRITISH
AUTHORITIES THE HUDSON AND ITS VALUE FROM A MILITARY
STANDPOINT PLANS FOR FORTIFICATION>S FORTS OONSTITU- '
TION, CLINTON AND MONTGOMERY COL. ROMANS DISCREDITED
LORD STIRLING'S REPORT ON THE FORTIFICATIONS OF THE HUD-
SON OBSTRUCTING THE RIVER.
New York was the natural objective point O'f tlie enemy. Strate-
gically, commercially and topographically, her position was early
recognized by military authorities, English and American, for
her water-ways had for centuries been the route traversed by the
Indian whether on the warpath against rival tribes or against the
whites on the frontier or their settlements. New York was sus-
ceptible lof invasion by water from the North and South. A land
force operating from the North a naval force from the South,
through New York Bay and the Hudsiooi River, by making a junc-
tion, would experience no trouble in breaking the backbone of
Neiw York and any coinfederacy of which she was a part. The
French, in 1687, first suggested an attack upon the Iroquois by
way of Lake Ontario, the River Richelieu and Lake Champlain;
On January, 1689, the Chevalier de Callieres Bonnevue, governor
of Montreal, commanding the troops in Canada, proposed an in-
vasion of New York by way of the River Richelieu and Lake
Champlain to capture Albany and eventually New York City with
the aid of ships that were to be sent there to prevent the Emglish
from receiving succor or reinforcements, a work that was intrusted
124 Public Papers of George Clinton.
to Count de Frontenac who burned and cut his way to Schen-
ectady where he left a trail of blood and of cruelty and a reputa-
tion for inhumanity and barbarism that is not equalled in modern
history. It was this historic path that the brilliant and illustrious
Montcalm followed in 1756. As early as 1768 the English com-
mander in Canada, Sir Guy Carleton had recommended that the
water line from the St. Lawrence to Sandy Hook should be held,
foir at that time both ends of the rO'Ute were under the domination
of the Crown.
War with her Colonies a settled fact, the grand strategy of Eng-
land, as adopted, was simple and comprehensive though not
original, for it merely followed the lines that had repeatedly been
used by the French. It contemplated three expedition s. One to
operate from the city of New York northward, under command
of *Gen. Lord Howe; the second, under the dashing Barry St.
Leger, to work southward fnom Lake Ontario at Oswego to the
Mohawk Valley; the third, under Burgoyne, who from Canada,
was expected to use Lake Champlain and push his way through
the wilderness and effect a junction with Howe between Lake
George and New York in the valley of the Hudson.
The situation in New York during the formative period of these
three grand movements was critical in the extreme. The national
cause was limping along under a series of crushing defeats. Mont-
gomery had fallen at Quebec; Generals Sullivan and Stirling had
*Much misunderstanding has existed concerning the three Howes who were con-
spicuous in America during England's wars in the eighteenth century. The first was
George Augustus, third Viscount Howe, who served as a Brigadier- General in the war
against Prance, arid was killed at Ticonderoga on July 6th, 1758, when the title passed
to his brother Richard, the Admiral. A younger brother was Sir William Howe, the
general who commanded in New York. On the death of the Admiral in August, 1799,
the Irish honors of Viscount Howe and Baron Clenawley reverted to William. The
general, therefore, during his career in America, was known as Sir William Howe, but
he bore the greater title of Lord Howe, due to his brother's death, from 1799 until his
own death in 1814.
Public Papers of George Clinton. 125
been taken prisoners; the Battle of Long Island had been fought
and lost; Long Island and New York were abandoned to the
British; Nathan Hale had been captured and executed as a spy;
the American flotilla on Lake Champlain, under the brave, erratic,
much-abused and neglected Arnold, had been wiped out of exist-
ence; we had retreated after the Battle of White Plains; Fort
Washington had succumbed to superior strategy and numbers;
Fort Lee had been evacuated. Out of the gloom, bordering on
despair, shot the only rays of hope and encouragement — Wash-
ington's complete surprise, superb attack and brilliant victories
at Trenton and Princeton.
Aside from the crushing defeats which the patriots had re-
ceived, the Colonies had, to all intents and purposes, reached the
end of their tether; their resources were exhausted, and factional
jealousies, civil and military, were breeding discord, strife and
dissension in many quarters. Nothing in the history of this or
any other country displays greater nobility of character than the
conduct of many of our public men at this crisis. In public
they whistled most vociferously to keep their courage advancing,
but in their private correspondence the despondency and dejec-
tion that at times overwhelmed them, were only too apparent.
If the experiment they had assumed were to meet with success,
it was imperative that the reliance which had been placed abso-
lutely upon the resources and possibilities of the Colonies, must
be abandoned, and immediate aid and co-operation, in men and
money, sought and secured from other channels. Only one con-
tingency could bring that result about — a great decisive battle.
It was left to New York to see this end accomplished. The
three decisive battles, that broke the back and the heart of Eng-
lish supremacy in the United States of America, were fought
and won on her soil.
126 Public Papers of George Clinton.
The valley of the Hudson became the theater of active opera-
tions. The Hudson river divided the State and practically the
continent, as it tJien was colonized, and constituted the main
artery to the Canadas — continued by portage from its headwaters
to Lake George and Lake Champlain. It was recognized as the
most important river in the thirteen Colonies. The Indians called
it Shattemuc. Hudson, who never gave his own name to the
magnificent stream which he discovered, alludes to it as the
^' Great River of the Mountains," or the " Great River." For a
time it was called " Nassau," then " Mauritius," for Prince Mau-
rice, and finally, when the Dutch settled along its banks, the
^' Dutch River," in contradistinction to the " South " or Delaware
River. After the conquest of 1664, the English christened it the
name it still bears, Hudson River.
The Dutch divided the Hudson into thirteen reaches from
south to north, known as: The Horse Reach; the Sailmaker's;
the Cook's; the High; the Fox; the Baker's; John Pleasure's;
the Hart's; the Sturgeon; Fisher's; the Fast; Martelaer's or Mar-
tyr's at West Point; and the Clover Reach at Hudson.
The principal feeder of the Hudson, the Mohawk, flushed the
territory of the Six Nations, and marked communication by trail
or water with the Great Lakes and the valley of the Mississippi.
The value of New York, from a military standpoint, was appre-
ciated as thoroughly in England as it was in this country. The
echo of the first shot had hardly died away ere the patriotic
leaders in New York began to look for British troops. Wash-
ington's military sagacity early foresaw the necessity of placing
fortifications at the strongest points of defence, because it was
only too apparent to him that the British would begin hostilities
in this quarter after they evacuated Boston.
Public Papers of George Clinton. 127
New York, in possession of the enemy, meant a disastrous topo-
graphical division of the Colonies, a separation between New
York and New England, a severance of all communications be-
tween New England and the colonies west and south, with a con-
stant menace to supplies for the Army. A month before ground
was broken for the first fortification in the Highlands, the
British plan of campaign was outlined as follows : " To get
possession of New York and Albany; to fill both of these
cities with very strong garrisons; to declare all rebels who
do not join the King's forces; to command the Hudson and
East rivers with a number of small men-of-war and cutters
stationed in different parts of it, so as to cut off all commu-
nication by water between New York and the Provinces to the
northward of it, and between New York and Albany ex-
cept for the King's service; and to prevent, also, all communi-
cation between the city of New York and the provinces of New
Jersey, Pennsylvania and those to the southward of them. By
these means the administration and their friends fancy that they
shall soon either starve out or retake the garrisons of Crown
Point and Ticonderoga, and open and maintain a safe intercourse
and correspondence between Quebec, Albany and New York, and
thereby afford the fairest opportunity to the soldiery and the
Canadians, in conjunction with the Indians to be procured by
G. J. (Colonel Guy Johnson, son-in-law of Sir William Johnson*
* Lieutenant Governor Cadwallader Golden, acting Governor of the province in the
absence of Governor Tryon, who had returned to England, under date of New York,
August 2, 1774, wrote to the Earl of Dartmouth:
" The public have met with a very great loss in the death of Sir William Johnson
which happened on the 11th of last month. He was engaged in business of much
importance with a large number of Indians who were then with him on the present
critical state of Indian affairs on the frontiers of Virginia. He had been unwell some
days but applied closely to business in consultation with the Indians until he was
obliged to call for assistance to get to his room and expired soon afterwards. Sir
William Johnson's great abilities and singular disposition enabled him to acquire and
hold a greater influence among the Indians than any other Englishman ever had. I
128 Public Papers of George Clinton.
of Johnson Hall, Sole Superintendent of Indian Affairs in New
York) to make continual irruptions into New Hampshire, Massa-
chusetts jand Connecticut, and so distract and divide the pro-
vincial forces as to render it easy for the British Army at Boston
to defeat them, break the spirits of the Massachusetts people^
depopulate their country, and compel an absolute subjection to
Great Britain."
Subsequently Washington wrote:
" The importance of the Hudson river in the present contest
and the necessity of defending it, are subjects which have been
so frequently and fully discussed and are so well understood
that it is unnecessary to enlarge upon them. These facts at once
appear, when it is considered that it runs through a whole State;
that it is the only passage by which the enemy from New York
or any part of our coast can ever hope to co-operate with an
army from Canada; that the possession of it is indispensably
essential to preserve the communication between the Eastern,
Middle and Southern States ; and further, that upon its security^
in a great measure, depend our chief supplies of flour for the sub-
sistence of such forces as we may have occasion for, in the course
of the war, either in the eastern or northern departments or in
the country lying high up on the west side of it. These facts
are familiar to all ; they are familiar to you. I therefore request
you, in the most urgent terms, to turn your most serious and
active attention to this infinitely important object."
am told lie recommended his son-in-law Col. Guy Johnson to his Majesty to succeed
him in his department. The Colonel took up the remaining business of the Congress
after Sir William's death and I know no person so proper to succeed his father-
in-law."
Sir William Johnson's influence over the Indians was unbounded and unrivalled. By
his straightforward and gentle mode of treatment he had secured their confidence to
an extent never before acquired by a white man. His death, coming at this particular
juncture, was a most unfortunate event for the British cause in America.— State
Historian.
Public Papers op George Clinton. 129
A few weeks after the news was brought from Concord and
Lexington, the Provincial Congress of New York adopted pronipt
measures for fortifying the Hudson and obstructing navigation.
On May 25, 1775, the Continental Congress adopted a series
of resolutions which were transmitted to the Provincial Con-
gress, relative to the defence of New York, from which the fol-
lowing is taken :
" Resolved, That a post be also taken in the Highlands, on
each side of Hudson's Eiver and batteries erected in such manner
as will most effectually prevent any vessels passing that may
be sent to harass the inhabitants on the borders of said river;
and that experienced persons be immediately sent to examine
said river in order to discover where it would be most advisable
and proper to obstruct the navigation."
In accordance with this action the Provincial Congress five
days later, May 30, 1775, passed the following resolution:
" Ordered, That Colo. (George) Clinton and Mr. (Christopher)
Tappen be a Committee (and that they take to their assistance
such persons as they shall think necessary) to go to the High-
lands and view the banks of Hudson's River there; and report to
this Congressi the most proper place for erecting one or more
fortifications, and likewise an estimate of the expense that will
attend erecting the same,"
On June 13, 1775, the Committee reported and recommended
the construction of earthworks which were subsequently known
as Forts Constitution on Martelaer's Island (the present Con-
stitution Island) and Clinton and Montgomery on the west
bank of the Hudson opposite Anthony's Nose. The following
recommendation accompanied the report:
"Your Committee begs leave to observe, that they are in-
130 Public Papers of George Clinton.
formed that by means of four or five booms, chained together on
one side of the river, ready to be drawn across, the passage can
be closed up to prevent any vessel passing or repassing."
On August 18, 1775, the Provincial Congress passed a resolution
ordering the construction at once of the fortifications on the
banks of the Hudson Eiver selected and reported by the Com-
mittee of Congress. The Committee in charge of erecting and
finishing the fortifications were Messrs. Isaac Sears, John
Berrien, Colonel Edward Flemming, Anthony Kutgers and Chris-
topher Miller. Eleven days later, work was begun on Consti-
tution Island, for the erection of the first fort in the Highlands,
which subsequently was known as Fort Constitution. The gen-
eral plan of defence contemplated the construction of works on
Constitution Island, on Fort Hill which was directly east of the
present Garrisons station on the east bank of the river known
as the north and south redoubts; one on Sugar Loaf Mountain
and the two more imposing works on the west bank, north and
south of Poplopen's Kill — Forts Montgomery and Clinton.
The plans and specifications of these works were prepared by
Colonel Bernard Eomans who was born in Holland, who studied
his profession of engineer in England, and who had be-
come a botanist of no mean reputation. As a topographical en-
gineer however. Colonel Romans proved to be anything but a
success. He proposed on Constitution Island to construct five
block houses; barracks 80x25 feet; storehouses and guard
room; five batteries mounting 61 small guns and 20 swivels; a fort
with bastions and a curtain 200 feet in length, with magazines
and storehouses. The Commission appointed by Congress con-
demned Colonel Romans' plans, declared they were not compre-
hensive enough and predicted that the fall of the province would
Public Papers of George Clinton. 131
follow if the works thus constructed fell into the hands of the
enemy. The controversy between them and Colonel Eomans
became not only bitter but personal. The latter's proposition to
erect a battery at Moore's house in what is now known as Wash-
ington Valley, and another at a point on the west side of the
river above Verplank's, was vetoed by the Commissioners on the
ground that works at these two spots would prove to be useless
in case of attack. They strongly advised, however, the construc-
tion of the works opposite Anthony's Nose — Forts Clinton and
Montgomery.
Two weeks later the Provincial Congress ordered " That a
Commander with the rank of Colonel, be appointed to take com-
mand of the Fortifications or Fortresses in the Highlands on
Hudson's River."
At the same time, a committee which consisted of Robert R.
Livingston, Robert Treat Paine and John Langdon was ap-
pointed to " take an accurate view of the state of our f ortifl-
catiion» on Hudson's River and to report as soon as it can be
conveniently done."
The report could not have been very gratifying to Colonel
Romans. " We found the Fort in a less defensible situation
than we had reason to expect," observed the Commission. " It
does not command the reach to the southward, nor can it injure
a vessel turning the West Point; and after she has got around
a small breeze, or even the tide, will enable a ship to pass the
curtain in a few minutes.
" The Fortress is unfortunately comnianded by all the grounds
about it; but the most obvious defect is, that the grounds on the
West Point are higher than the Fortress, behind which an
enemy might land without the least danger. In order to render
132 Public Papers of George Clinton.
the positions impassable, it seems necessary that this place
should be occupied, and batteries thrown up on the shore op-
posite, where they may be erected with little expense, as the
earth is said to be pretty free from stone, etc."
On December 7, the Commissioners again recommended that
" the point at Poplopen's Kill is the best by far for any defensive
works in the Highlands, and that a battery there would com-
mand the river up and down, the length of point-blank shot."
Owing to the differences between Colonel Romans and the
Commissioners, the Provincial Congress appointed another Com-
mittee consisting of Messrs. Isaac Nicoll, Thomas Palmer, and
Gilbert Drake, with instructions to proceed to the Highlands and
endeavor to adjust the dispute. This Committee reported
through Mr. Palmer on December 14. They held that " Colonel
Romans must either have mistaken the charge committed to him,
or else he has assumed powers with which he was not intrusted."
The report of the Commissioners which held that the works
were inefficient because they did not sweep the river southward,
urged the construction of " a work at Poplopen's Kill which
would mount 16 or 18 guns, and sweep the river to the point of
the Dunderberg, a distance of three miles and up the river quite
as far."
This report was effective in preventing the further construc-
tion of fortifications on Martelaer's Island, and in the construc-
tion of the fortification at Poplopen's Kill.
On January 16, Colonel Isaac Nicoll succeeded to the command
of the fortifications in the Highlands, and Colonel Smith of the
Engineer Corps superseded Colonel Romans.
On April 5, a Committee of three, consisting of Benjamin Frank-
lin, Samuel Chase and Charles Carroll of Carrollton, which had
Public Papers of George Clinton. 133
been appointed by the Continental Congress, and directed to re-
pair to Canada and invite the co-operation of the people of that
province, visited Fort Constitution and reported the condition of
the fort as follows :
" On the bastion, thirteen six-pounders and one nine pounder
were mounted; the east bastion mounted seven nine-pounders
and one six-pounder; the block-house contained eight double for-
tified four-pound guns, mounted; and that the fortifications
ordered by Congress on the 15th of February and laid out by
Engineer Smith, remain wholly neglected."
At that time the garrison consisted of three companies of
minute-men, aggregating 124 men.
On May 4, Lieutenant-Colonel Henry B. Livingston succeeded
Colonel Nicoll by order of Washington in the command of the
defences of the Highlands. Mcoll, however, refused to surren-
der his command and continued in charge until June 8 when he
was relieved by the Provincial Congress.
On May 20, Colonel James Clinton reported for duty and pro-
ceeded to discharge all the Commissioners except two.
In view of the contentions that were occurring constantly and
apprehensive as to the effect these disorders would produce upon
the troops, Washington wrote General Israel Putnam on May 21,
for Brigadier General Lord Stirling with Colonel Putnam
and Colonel Knox " to see and report such alterations as may be
judged necessary for putting " the works in a fit and proper
position for defence because he had reason to think that the situ-
ation was bad " and the garrison, on account of arms, worse."
This Board of able soldiers filed a report which even to this
day commends itself for its thoroughness and value. The report
was written by Lord Stirling to General Washington and is found
in the American Archives:
134 Public Papers of George Clinton.
lord stirling to general washington.
" June 1, 1776.
" Sir : — Agreeable to your request, I left New York on Sunday
last, in order to view the fortifications on the Hudson's River in
the Highlands. I took with me Colonel (Rufus) Putnam, Chief
Engineer, and Captain Sargent, of the Artillery. The winds
were so adverse that we did not reach Fort Montgomery until
Wednesday evening; but, with the help of our boat, we employed
our time in visiting several other parts of the river that appeared
proper for fortifying. At the mouth, or south end of the High-
lands, about four miles below Fort Montgomery, there is a post
(Stony Point) which to me appears well worth possessing on
many accounts; should the enemy be in possession of it, we
should be cut off from our best communication with the whole
country below the Highlands, eastward as well as westward.
There is a very remarkable spot of ground (Verplanck's Point),
easily fortified, which commands the passage of the river as well
as either of the other posts; it also commands the mouth and
landing of Peek's Kill, from which there is an excellent road into
Connecticut, which is only twenty miles off; on the opposite side
there is an excellent road into New Jersey and Pennsylvania.
In the passage from this place to Fort Montgomery is a large
island, lona, which would be very useful to the enemy in their ap-
proaches to that place.
" Fort Montgomery is situated on the west bank of the river,
which is there about half a mile broad, and the bank one hundred
feet high; on the opposite shore is a point of land called An-
thony's Nose, which is many hundred feet high, very steep, and
inaccessible to any thing but goats, or men very expert in climb-
ing. A body of riflemen placed here would be of very great use
Public Papers of George Clinton. 135
ir annoj-ing an enemy, as the decks of every vessel that passes
must lie open to them.
" The works begun and designed at Fort Montgomery are open
lines, and all lie on the north side of a small creek called Poop-
lopen's Kill, on the south side of which is a point of land which
projects more into the river, commands all the principal works,
and is within two and three hundred yards of them. On the top
of this point is a level spot of ground, of near an acre, com-
manded by nothing but the high, inaccessible mountains, at about
twelve hundred yards distance; this spot, I think, should by all
means be fortified, as well for the annoyance of the enemy in .
their approach up the river as for the protection of the works
at Fort Montgomery. Indeed, this aj)pears to me the most proper
place I have seen on the river to be made the grand post; and,
in my opinion, should be a regular strong work, capable of resist-
ing every kind of attack, and of containing a grand magazine
of all kinds of warlike stores. The whole would then com-
mand the passage of the river with so formidable a cross fire
as would deter any attempt to approach with shipping. Those
works built are all faced with fascines, and filled in with strong,
good loam ; but as they are liable to take fire, the Commissioners
who have the care and direction of the works, propose to rough-
cast the faces of the embrasures with a strong mortar made of
quicklime and sharp sand, of which there is plenty at hand. I
advised them to try the experiment on part of the woi'k as
soon as possible. As these open lines are entirely defenceless
on the land side, it will be very proper to erect a small redoubt on
the hill, in the rear of them.
" Fort Constitution is about six miles above Fort Montgomery,
on an island near the east side of the river, and near the north
end of the Highlands, which on the west and south sides is
136 Public Papers of George Clinton.
bounded by the river, and on tlie north and east sides by low
marsh and small creeks running through it. The works here
consist of four open lines or batteries, fronting the river; the two
eastermost command the approach up the river very well; the
next, or middle line, commands the approach from West Point
upwards; the westermost battery is a straight line, constructed
by Mr. Romans, at a very great expense; it has fifteen embras-
ures, which face the river at a right angle, and can only annoy a
ship in going past ; the embrasures are within twelve feet of each
other; the merlons on the outside are about two feet in the face,
and about seven feet deep, made of square timber covered with
plank, and look very neat; he also built a log-house or tower on
the highest cliff, near the water, mounted with eight cannon
(four-pounders) pointed out of the garret windows, and looks very
picturesque. Upon the whole, Mr. Romans has displayed his
genius at a very great expense, and to very little public advan-
tage. The works, in their present open condition and scattered
situation, are defenceless; nor is there one good place on the
island on which a redoubt may be erected that will command
the whole; however, I have marked in the plan (No. 3) those
heights which are most commanding; yet every work on the
island is commanded by the hill on the West Point, on the op-
posite side of the river, within five hundred yards, where there
is a level piece of land of near fifty acres in extent. A redoubt
on this West Point is absolutely necessary, not only for the pres-
ervation of Fort Constitution, but for its own importance on
many accounts. One also is necessary at the west end of the
island, to command the approach that way, and to prevent a
landing at the north side of the island. An easy communication
by land, as well as by water, may be made with Fort Montgom-
ery from the West Point.
'" " Public Papers of George Clinton. 137
'"The garrison of Fort Constitution consists of two companies
of Colonel James Clinton's regiment, and Captain Wisner's com-
pany of minute-men, in all about one hundred and sixty, rank and
file. The garrison at Fort Montgomery consists of three com-
panies of the same regiment, amounting to about two hundred
men, rank and file. The field-officer of the regiment is Lieuten-
ant-Colonel Livingston; but the command of the whole of both
garrisons is still in the hands of Colonel Mcoll, who, it seems,
last fall raised a regiment of miflute-men for the purpose of gar-
risoning Fort Constitution, which regiment is all dismissed ex-
cept Captain Wisner's Company of about forty privates. Lieu-
tenant-Colonel Livingston has very prudently avoided any dis-
pute with Col. Nicoll about the command, rather referring the
matter to your Excellency's determination. The whole of the
troops at both these posts are miserably armed, as will appear
by the return (No. 4). Lieutenant-Colonel Livingston informs
me he has lately received about forty firelocks, all in very bad
order, from the Committees of Dutchess County, and expects
several hundred more in a few days in the same condition. I
have therefore directed the blacksmith's shop at Fort Constitu-
tion to be enlarged, so that it will at the same time serve for an
armory. A blacksmith's shop and armory of the like kind, I
have directed at Fort Montgomery, and the artificers in those
branches in Clinton's Regiment to be employed in them.
* * * 4f » » *
" The direction of the works at both these forts is in the hands
of Cctaimissioners appointed by the Provincial Congress of New
York. Two Commissioners, with four carpenters, two black-
smiths and seven attendants, are at Fort Constitution; two Com-
missioners, one clerk, fifteen carpenters, and four masons, are at
Fort Montgomery; the pay of these amounts to at least eight
138 Public Papers of George Clinton.
hundred dollars per month, besides their provisions, etc. One
good engineer, with artificers from the army, might I think, do
the whole business as well.
* * * * * * «
" The artillerj^ and ordnance stores, at these posts, appear by
Captain Sargent's reports herewith (No. 6). The cannon in gen-
eral are, to all appearance, excellent of their kind, excepting two
nine and three six-pounders, which are dubious. There are also,
I am informed, six cannon, six-pounders, four of them good and
two dubious, at New Windsor, a place about six miles above Fort
Constitution; they had better be brought down to Fort Mont-
gomery.
" Considering the different directions all these matters are
under, I have avoided giving any determinate orders about them,
but it is highly necessary that explicit orders should soon issue.
"■ I am your Excellency's most humble servant,
(Signed), " Stirling.
'' To his Excellency, General Washington."
Over a year elapsed before the determination to obstruct the
navigation of the Hudson assumed practical form. The Security
Committee appointed by the State authorities consisted of
Messrs. John Jay, Robert Yates, Christopher Tappen and Levi
Pawling. Several means were suggested for obstructing the
river as by fire ships, booms and chains and cheveaux-de-frise,
either singly or by combination. Four points were selected: at
Fort Washington, on the upper part of Manhattan Island, at Fort
Montgomery, at West Point and at Pollopel's Island north of the
Highlands. At Fort Washington the fire ships and obstructions
were constructed in the summer of 1776; at Fort Montgomery
and Pollopel's Island between the autumn of 1776 and the spring
of 1778, and at West Point in 1778.
Chapxe^r X.
BURGOYNE SELECTED TO COMMAND THE BRITISH ARMY OP INVASION
STRENGTH OP HIS ARMY GEN. HBiRKIMER AND THE BATTLE OP
ORISKANY GANSEVOORT's DEFENSE OP FORT SCHUYLER (FOR-
MERLY FORT STANWIX) COL. WILLET's SORTIE THREE MEMOR-
ABLE EPISODES EVACUATION OF TICONDEROGA SCHUYLER's
SOLDIERLY RETREAT — ALBANY THE BASE' OF SUPPLIES PHILIP
SCHUYLER, SOLDIER AND PATRIOT WASHINGTON'S CONFIDENCE
IN HIM SCHUYLEIR's METHODS FOR RETARDING BURGOYNE'S
PROGRESS SUCCEEDED BY GATES ST. LBGEr's SIEGE OP FORT
SCHUYLER HIS RETREAT AND FLIGHT THE BATTLE OP BEN-
NINGTON THE DEFENCES OF THE HIGHLANDS GEORGE CLINTON
IN COMMAND THE ADVANCE ON FORTS CLINTON AND MONTGOM-
ERY THE ASSAULT' THE FALL.
To Sir John Burgoyne was entrusted the Command of the
Northern Army of Invasion. He had asked Lord George
Germaine who in the British cabinet had charge of the con-
duct of the war in America, for eight thousand regulars, rank
and file, exclusive of the artillery, a corps of watermen,
two thousand. Canadians, including axe or hatchetmen and
a thousand savages. His army consisted of British and
German troops, and aggregated seven thousand one hundred
and seventy-three men, exclusive of the corps of artillery. The
foreign troops amounted to nearly one half. The greater
portion of the army was divided between regulars and vet-
erans. His chief lieutenants were picked and experienced
officers, such men as Major General Phillips and Brigadier Gen-
eral Kiedesel, and Brigadier General Specht. Burgoyne had re-
140 Public Papers of George Clinton. ^
peatedly boasted before leaving London that he proposed to
enjoy his Christmas dinner in the city of Albany, at the head
of a victorious army, and that with ten thousand men he could
promenade through America. Defeat never entered the vocabu-
lary of the British commander or of his troops. The suggestion
of ever preparing for a retrograde movement was repudiated.
" This army must never retreat," are words contained in one of
Burgoyne's addresses. The advent of this splendidly equipped
force into the State of New York sent a shudder and a chill from
Massachusetts to Georgia. A better organized, more efficiently
officered army had never put its feet on the shores of America.
Its equipment and artillery, its supplies and other impedimenta
were the best and most approved that money could supply. Its
bands of accompanying Indians arrayed in all the variegated hues
that the children of the forest loved to deck themselves in, lent a
picturesque and glittering glow to the surroundings, incompre-
hensible to the people of our generation. But with every mile
of advance the shadows deepened over the ill-fated horde.
Burgoyne, imperious and sanguine, met with no setback until
on August 6th 1777, two months after leaving Montreal General
Nicholas Herkimer at the head of 800 Mohawk Valley and
Tryon County Militiamen, mostly Dutch, Palatine Germans and
Scotch-Irish — men who in truth could as well be called " embat-
tled farmers " as the men who fought at Lexington and Concord
— marching to the relief of the beleaguered garrison of Fort
Schuyler — the newly acquired name of the older Fort Stanwix of
the French war which had now been reconstructed to guard the
upper Mohawk — was ambushed at Oriskany by Brant, Sir
John Johnson and St. Leger. One-half of Herkimer's force
was destroyed, and Oriskany will go down in history as the
Public Papers of George Clinton. 141
most bloody battle of the Revolution. Herkimer received a
mortal wound, but refused to leave the field. " I will face the
enemy," he calmly observed, as they placed him with his back
to a large tree, where he complacently lighted his pipe
and directed affairs. He had managed to send word of his pre-
dicament to Col. Peter Gansevoort, in command at Fort Schuy-
ler, and Lieut.-Col. Marinus Willet at the head of two hundred
men, all volunteers, rushed forth to the rescue of their imperilled
comrades.
The fighting on both sides was terrific. The most surprised
of all the combatants were the Indians. They had expected
an easy victory. Indeed they had joined in the St. Leger cam-
paign somewhat against their will. The British had told them
they need not fight; they might sit by and smoke their pipes
while they saw the red coats " whip the rebels." Instead of
all this they met with losses that were appalling. Many
of their best and bravest chiefs had fallen. Suspecting treach-
ery from their white comrades they began to sneak away. With
the approach of Willet and his hardy battalions, the English
after five hours of hard fighting, withdrew from the field. St.
Leger however refused to abandon the siege of Fort Schuyler
until news came to him that Benedict Arnold at the head
of an overwhelming force — far larger than he really had —
which had been ordered forward by Gen. Schuyler, was
hurrying to Gansevoort's assistance. Then unable to per-
suade the Indians to remain, or Sir John Johnson to
exercise his influence over his allies, he finally and reluctantly
gave the order to retreat. The retreat degenerated into a flight,
where the unbridled redskins slaughtered helpless captives and
straggling Englishmen alike. In this memorable campaign
142 Public Papers of George Clinton.
three important incidents are worthy of remembrance; first the
unprecedented losses incurred by the American troops at Oris-
kany; second, the fact that the American flag fluttered in the
breeze in the face of an enemy for the first time at Fort Schuyler — ■
a rude emblem it was, the blue coming from an old coat, the
white from a shirt and the red from the petticoat of a soldier's
wife; third for the first time in the history of our country, the
-British ensign hung as a captive under the American colors.
Burgoyne never recovered from the blow Herkimer administered
at Oriskany.
Burgoyne in the meantime had on the evening of July first, ap-
peared before Ticouderoga. For want of men Gen. St. Clair,
the American commander had been unable to fortify Sugar Loaf
Mountain, which commanded his position. The English took
possession of this formidable spot on the fifth and nothing was
left for St. Clair but to evacuate the place. That evening he
began his retreat, but the flames of a burning house which had
been set afire by a straggler, exposed the movement. The Eng-
lish gave chase, overtook the American rear guard at Hubbard-
ton, and though outnumbered, the Americans fought with a
valor unsurpassed during the war. A wild panic seized the peo-
ple in Central and Northern New York when exhausted couriers
brought them news of this defeat. St. Clair reached Fort Ed-
ward and combined his forces with Schuyler's, on July 29. The
same day Burgoyne reached the Hudson Kiver. Fort Edward
was abandoned by Schuyler, who slowly retired across the Hud-
son to Saratoga, fell back to Stillwater, and thence to Van
Schaick's Island below Waterford, ten miles North of Albany
where entrenchments were thrown up and preparations made
for defence against the English general's advance. Schuyler at
#S**^%^^"'-^v
Public Papers of George Clinton. 143
this crisis displayed "the utmost diligence and judgment" and
all the qualifications of a general. He destroyed bridges which
Burgoyne was forced to rebuild, he impeded the navigation of
streams which Burgoyne had to cross, he choked the roads which
Burgoyne had to traverse, and threw in his path every obstacle
within his reach.
It seemed as if Burgoyne's determination to reach Albany were
on the point of attainment. Had he had in front of him any
other general than the noble hearted Schuyler he could have cap-
tured Albany the day he reached the Hudson River. What the
Province of New York was to the other Colonies, Albany was to
New York. Albany now constituted the base of operatioins as it
had been during the Seven Years' War. The Albany Committee of
Safety was composed of the most representative men of that sec-
tiiQin of the State, men of iaction, energy, character and vigilance.
Albany had been selected as the receiving and the distributing
point for the armies in the field. Military stores, ordnance of all
kinds, ammunition, supplies, (commissary, quartermaster and
medical), had been gathered in vast quantities and were now ex-
posed either to capture by the British hosts or to destruction by
the colonists, if the British army triumphed.
No figure of the war has grown to more heroic proportions for
pure patriotism and unselfish devotion to the cause than has Philip
Schuyler's. Wealthy, in a position to enjoy for those days all the
luxuries that money could provide, appreciating more keenly than
most men the gravity of the situation, he unhesitatingly put his
head into the noo'se when he took the side of liberty and inde-
pendence, only to discover within a few short months that his
patriotism was questioned, his integrity a,ssailed and his courage
discredited. It was the old Puritan prejudice against the Dutch.
144 Public Papers of George Clinton.
Politics were as rampant then as now; sectionalism had become
as much a factor in the Continental Congress as it is to-day in our
Congress. Edward Butledge under date of November 24, 1776,
wrote to John Jay :
" Let Schuyler, whose reputation has been deeply wounded by
the malevolence of party spirit immediately repair toi Congress and
after establishing himself in the good opinion of his countrymen
'by a fair and open inquiry into his conduct, concert with the
House, such a plan as he shall think will effectually secure all the
upper country against the attacks of the enemy; which plan being
agreed to by the House, give him full power to effect it, and send
him off with all possible despatch to carry it into execution. Let
steps be takeui to place real obstructions in the North Elver, at
least in that part of it, which can be commended by Fort Mont-
gomery and the other fort in the Highlands."
From Congress Schuyler demanded a Court of Inquiry and he
went to the extremity of tendering his resignation. The Court of
Inquiry gave him a splendid vindication and Congress refusing
to accept his resignation, bestowed upon him the command of the
Northern department under his rank of major general. This oc-
curred in May 1777. Schuyler's soldierly instincts had early per-
ceived that the Valley of the Hudson was the natural path for the
invader. Few men better understood the topographical features
of this state, or comprehended its conditions, commercial resources
and possibilities, more thoroughly than he. Delaying the progress
of the British advance by every device known to a resourceful
general and an experienced backwoodsman, organizing his army
in spite of insuperable obstacles and barriers that were almost
insurmountable, he accomplished more by his policy of delay, and
by drawing Burgoyne further away from his base of supplies, than
had he met and defeated him in a pitched battle.
Public Papers of George Clinton. 145
But the many reverses to tlie American arms gave his enemies
an opportunity to- resurrect the old stories detrimental to his
capacity for command and his military ability. New England
prejudices against him were revived and New England troops re-
fused to serve under him. As in all cases following a line of mili-
tary disasters, a victim was necessary and Schuyler was selected.
On August 1st Congress formally removed him from command.
The magnanimous Washington declined to designate an oflScer to
succeed him. This duty fell upon Congress which by the vote of
eleven states, selected Major General Horatio Gates.
Six days before St. Leger took to flight, Burgoyne had received
the unexpected and crushing defeat at Bennington. St. Leger's
peril had been reported to Burgoyne by a courier and he
determined to co-operate with his colleague. He therefore de-
spatched the German Colonel, Baum with six hundred troops
on a foraging or raiding expedition to Bennington, to gather up
all the cattle, horses, supplies, and wagons that the well-to-do and
unprotected farmers on the line of march, possessed. But the
expedition was fated from the moment Burgoyne selected the
foreigners, who wore clumsy equipment, heavy boots which sank
deep in the miry roads, and who halted ten times every hour for
the formality of dressing their ranks. Thoroughly alive to the
dangers that menaced them the farmers rallied in an incredibly
short space of time and they hovered around and stung Baum's
flanks, like so many hornets. Baum appealed to Burgoyne for
reinforcements and the original mistake was intensifled by for-
warding five hundred more Germans under Col. Breyman. John
Stark and Seth Warner with about one thousand Americans
10
146 . Public Papers of George Clinton.
were on their way to join Schuyler, when news of Burgoyne's
raid was brought to them. The Germans were defeated in detail,
Breyman arriving on the field, as Baum's panic-stricken troops
were fleeing in the wildest disorder from it, and he in turn
suffered the same ignominious fate. Baum was killed and the
German loss aggregated fifty per cent of the numbers engaged.
It must be confessed that neither army, American nor British,
was in first-class fighting trim when Gates assumed command of
his forces. The future offered but little that was bright to either.
But the American tide had started on the flood from the dates
of Oriskany and Bennington, both victories, to the honor and
credit of New York, having been fought and won on her soil.
Burgoyne was too able a general not to realize his situation and
to see the handwriting on the wall. To retreat invited defeat.
Burgoyne, moreover, was in honor bound to remain where he
was. All the circumstances now favored Gates. The prejudices
that had existed against Schuyler were not extended to him.
E V en the contumacious militia that refused to serve under Schuy-
ler flocked to the standards of Gates. The tories whom Burgoyne
Lad relied upon, whom he had been assured by the Johnsons and
the Butlers would rally to his aid, failed to appear. Even the
Indians who had been bribed by money considerations and valua-
ble presents, to join the British army, were now slinking away
from him by the score. Burgoyne's star which had reached its
zenith at Ticonderoga began to decline the instant he divided
his forces.
While Burgoyne was slowly marching into the meshes that the
energetic and sagacious Schuyler had skilfully prepared for him,
along the banks of the upper Hudson, events were occurring
Public Papers of George Clinton. 147
along the lower Hudson which would have produced remarkable
changes in the pages of history, had Burgoyne been able to
communicate with Sir Henry Clinton, who had taken command
in New York city in the absence of Gen. Howe, and who now
when it was too late, started to carry out the part that had been
assigned to Howe in the general plan — an ascent of the Hudson
to join Burgoyne.
Gen. George Clinton, at the suggestion of Washington, had been
appointed to command the newly raised levies on the 15th of
July, 1776, and on the 25th of March, 1777, Congress formally
appointed him Brigadier General. On May 7th, Brigadier General
Alexander McDougall succeeded General Heath, who had been
in command, with headquarters at Peekskill, since the 12th of
November, 1776.
Progress in completing the works in Clinton's department was
exasperatingly slow. Nearly every general officer who visited the
Highlands complained of the imperfect condition of the works, un-
til at last a Board was appointed to report upon the forts already
constructed. This Board consisted of Generals McDougall, Knox,
Greene, Wayne and George Clinton. On May 17th, they submitted
a report to Washington, in which they recommended that an
obstruction should be placed across the river between Fort
Montgomery and Anthony's Nose, to consist of a boom with chain,
" in front of which should be one or two cables to break the force
of a vessel before it should strike the chain; that two Continental
ships then on the spot and two row-gallies should be manned
and stationed just above the obstruction in such manner as to
fire upon the enemy's ships in front when they approached."
The Board was of the mistaken opinion that " the enemy will
148 Public Papers of George Clinton.
not attempt to operate by land " because, " the passes through
the Highlands are so exceedingly difficult,"
General Putnam, who had relieved General McDougall in com-
mand, could not be convinced that the British contemplated an
attack on the forts in the Highlands, although Washington and
George Clinton early foresaw exactly what eventually occurred.
As soon as Sir Henry Clinton was informed that Burgoyne was
approaching within striking distance of Albany, he embarked
four thousand troops with the ostensible purpose of sailing in a
southerly direction. Before Putnam realized his danger the
English forces had landed at Verplanck's Point. Putnam still
maintained that the objective point of the British was the de-
fences on the east bank of the Hudson, nor could he be persuaded
to send re-enforcements to General Clinton, until the British
crossed over the King's Ferry from Verplanck's to Stony Point.
On September 26th, General Parsons reported to General Put-
nam that three thousand and upward of British and German
troops had arrived at New York and warned him of an attack that
might be made on the North River posts. In the meantime, Gen.
George Clinton, who should have been receiving re-enforcements,
had been sending large bodies of troops to re-enforce Putnam
to the south, and Gates to the north.
On September 29th, Clinton transmitted a circular letter to
three of his colonels, informing them of his conviction that the
enemy very speedily intended "to make an attempt against the
passes and fortresses in the Highlands and thereby at least make
a diversion in favor of their Northern army and should they suc-
ceed, form a junction with them." He ordered them to march
half their commands at once to his defence. The same day he
Public Papers of George Clinton. 149
reported to Putnam the arrangements he had made, and also that
he had ordered additional re-enforcements to be sent to him.
In the meantime, the British had crossed from the east bank
of the river to Stony Point and were on their march through the
passes of the Highlands between Dunderberg and Bear Mountain
to Forts Clinton and Montgomery. The Governor had prorogued
the Legislature, which was then at Kingston, gathered up the
militia who had responded to his call, and occupied the works.
The British force was divided into two columns : one under the
command of Gen. Sir John Vaughan, which consisted of twelve
hundred men, the other under the command of Lieutenant Colonel
Campbell, of five hundred Regulars and four hundred loyal Amer-
icans, the latter commanded by Col. Beverly Robinson. The Brit-
ish plan soon unfolded itself. Campbell was directed to make a
detour around Bear Mountain and to come in on the west and
the right flank of Fort Montgomery. Vaughan proceeded east-
ward through the pass between the Dunderberg and Bear Moun-
tain with the intention of striking Fort Clinton on its right
flank and rear. Here he waited until Campbell had finished his
seven-mile march around Bear Mountain. At 5 o'clock in the
afternoon, Vaughan, having had his summons for surrender re-
jected, ordered an assault on Fort Clinton, at the same moment
that Campbell having come up on the opposite side of the creek,
began his attack on Fort Montgomery. The Americans made a
stout resistance and though encountering overwhelming num-
bers, repulsed the enemy repeatedly. They maintained their de-
fence until after dark and finally yielded.
A large portion of the garrison was captured, while Gen.
James Clinton, although badly wounded, succeeded in escaping.
150 Public Papers op George Clinton.
by dropping down the side of a hundred foot precipice, clinging
to bushes and shrubs in his descent. Governor Clinton escaped
under cover of the darkness by rowing across the river. The
American frigates, Montgomery, ten guns, and Congress with the
two gallies which were supposed to defend the boom and the
chain were burned to prevent their capture by the enemy.
A visitor who was at Fort Montgomery at the time of its
capture, furnished the following description three days after the
British took possession :
" On Saturday night the 5th inst., we had advice that a large
number of ships, brigs, armed vessels, etc., had arrived at Tarry-
town, where they had landed a considerable body of men, sup-
posed to be 900 or 1,000, and had advanced towards the plains.
Col. Luttington (Ludington) being posted there with about 500
militia, they sent in a flag to him requiring him to lay down his
arms, and surrender himself and men prisoners of war; whilst
he was parleying with the flag they endeavored to surround him,
which he perceiving, ordered his men to retreat, whereupon they
returned to their shipping, and next morning we had advice of
their being under sail, and coming up as far as King's Ferry.
In the afternoon they landed a large body of men on the east
side of the river, to draw our attention that way, but they re-
embarked in the night, and next morning landed on the west
side.
^' On Sunday night his Excellency, Governor Clinton, who then
commanded at Fort Montgomery, sent out a party of about 100
men under the command of Major Logan, across the Dunderberg,
to watch the motion of the enemy. The party returned in the
morning and reported that they had seen about forty boats full
Public Papers of George Clinton. 151
of men land below the Dunderberg. The governor sent out an-
other small party of about 28 men, under the command of Lieut.
Jackson. On the road that leads to Haverstraw, two or three
miles below Fort Clinton, they fell in with a concealed party
of the enemy, who ordered them to club their muskets, and sur-
render themselves prisoners. They made no answer, but fired
upon the enemy and hastily retreated ; they returned the fire and
pursued our people half a mile; but they all got back to the fort
without losing a man, though within five rods of the enemy
before they were discovered. Upon this intelligence, one hun-
dred men were immediately sent off under Col. Brown, who fell
in with them two miles from the fort, about two o'clock in the
afternoon, when a smart engagement ensued; but the enemy
being of much superior force, our people were forced to retreat.
" At the same time it was thought proper to send some artil-
lery with a field-piece to occupy an eminence that commands the
road that leads to Orange Furnace, with a party of men to de-
fend it; they were attacked soon after, and our field-piece did great
execution. The field-piece bursting, our men in their retreat
kept up the engagement for some time with small-arms. Most
of our people got within the breastwork, and the attack became
general on both forts. At the same time the enemy's shipping
came in sight, but the wind being light, and the tide against
them, none of their vessels came up except the galleys and armed
sloops, which fired upon us, but did no execution; we in return
fired upon them, and believe did them some damage.
" The enemy continued a vigorous and incessant attack upon
the forts; but notwithstanding their utmost efforts, they were
many times repulsed and beaten back from out breastworks with
152 Public Papers of George Clinton.
great slaughter. But the smallness of our number (being in
both forts but about five hundred,) which required every man
to be upon continual duty and obliged them to unremittent ex-
ertion, fatigued our people greatly, while the enemy, whose num-
bers were supposed to be at least four thousand, continued to
press us with troops.
" About 4 o'clock they sent in a flag, demanding in 5 minutes
a surrender of the fort and ourselves prisoners of war, — ^or they
would put us all to the sword. An answer was returned by Col.
Livingston acquainting them that we were determined to de-
fend the fort to the last extremity. The action was renewed
with fresh vigor on both sides, and continued until the dusk of
the evening, when they stormed our upper redoubt which com-
mands the fort, which after a severe struggle and overpowering
us with numbers they got possession of; and we were obliged
to give way. At the same time they stormed and got possession
of Fort Clinton, in which were none but militia, who nobly de-
fended it till they, like the garrison at Fort Montgomery, were
obliged to give way to superior force.
" The darkness of the evening much favored the escape of our
people, the greatest part of whom, with almost all the officers,
got off, and have since joined our army or returned to their
places of residence We are told that the reinforce-
ment from Peekskill, which had been twice urged* during the
day, arrived only in time on the opposite side of the river to
see the fort taken, but could give them no manner of assistance,
and even a small reinforcement would have enabled the garrison
to maintain it until efflcient succor had arrived. Under this mis-
♦Waterbury, the express who was sent from Fort Montgomery, purposely loitered by
the way, and the next day deserted to the enemy.
Public Papers of George Clinton. 153
fortune, we have the satisfaction to be assured, that all the offi-
cers of the garrison fought like heroes, distinguished themselves
both by their courage and conduct, and that all the privates, as
w^ell militia as continental, fought with the utmost bravery.*
The quantity of provisions in the fort was not great, but the
ammunition and stores which fell into the enemy's hands were
considerable."
Dr. Timothy Dwight, afterwards the famous President of Yale
College and then a chaplain in the American Army, in a letter de-
scribed the appearance of the forts as follows a few months after
their capture:
" I went down the river in company with several officers, to
examine the Forts, Clinton and Montgomery, built on a point
six or eight miles below West Point, for the defence of the river.
The first object which met our eyes, after we left our barge and
ascended the bank, was the remains of a fire kindled by the cot-
tagers of this solitude, for the purpose of consuming the bones
of some of the Americans who had fallen at this place, and had
been left unburied. Some of these bones were lying partially
consumed around the spot where the fire had been kindled; and
some had evidently been converted into ashes. As we went
onward, we were distressed by the odor of decayed human bodies.
To me this was a novelty; and more overwhelming and dispirit-
ing than I am able to describe. As we were attempting to dis-
cover the source from which it proceeded, we found, at a small
distance from Fort Montgomery, a pond of a moderate size, in
which we saw the bodies of several men, who had been killed in
♦Lieutenant Timotliy Mix, who died at New Haven, Conn., in 1824, was one of the
defenders of Fort Montgomery. While in the act of firing a piece, his right hand was
carried away by a shot. Instantly seizing the match with his left, he touched off the
cannon; by which discharge it is said a number of the enemy were killed.
154 Public Papers of George Clinton.
the assault upon the fort. They were thrown into this pond,
the preceding autumn, by the British, when probably the water
was sufficiently deep to cover them. Some of them were covered
at this time; but a depth so small, as to leave them distinctly
visible. Others had an arm, a leg, and a part of the body above
the surface. The clothes which they wore when they were killed,
were still on them; and proved that they were militia; being the
ordinary dress of farmers. Their faces were bloated and mon-
strous; and their postures were uncouth, distorted, and in
the highest degree afflictive. My companions had been ac-
customed to the horrors of war, and sustained the prospect
with some degree of firmness. To me, a novice in scenes of
this nature, it was overwhelming. I surveyed it for a mo-
ment and hastened away. From this combination of painful
objects we proceeded to Fort Clinton, built on a rising
ground at a small distance further down the river. The ruins
of this fortress were a mere counterpart of those at Fort Mont-
gomery. Every combustible in both had been burnt; and what
was not, was extensively thrown down. Every thing which re-
mained was a melancholy picture of destruction. From this
place we proceeded to find the grave of Count Grabouski, a Polish
nobleman, who was killed in the assault, while acting as aide-
de-camp to the British commander. The spot was pointed out
to us by Lieut.-Col. Livingston, who saw him fall, and informed
us that he was buried in the place where he was killed. Here
we found a grave— in all probability, that in which he was
buried — without a ' stone ' to ' tell where he lay,' and now for-
gotten and undiscoverable; a humiliating termination of a rest-
less, vain, ambitious life."
Public Papers of George Clinton. 155
Sir Henry Clinton, with his headquarters at Peekskill, having
gained control of the Highlands, sent Sir John Vaughan forward
with 1,200 men to make the passage of the river northward.
Vaughan departed with his men in sloops and the next day ar-
rived at the village of Esopus, three miles below Kingston. Here
followed a scene wholly inexcusable in the conduct of war. The
village was without defences and no shot had been fired at the
invaders, but Vaughan proceeded to demolish and burn every
house in the village, save one, for a distance of two miles. This
act is chargeable to Vaughan alone, Clinton having given no
orders, so far as known, for such conduct.
While the village was burning, George Clinton, returning from
the unsuccessful defense of the Highlands, arrived on the scene.
As his force tarried in Esopus, a man under suspicion, who had
been seen to swallow something, was arrested, taken before
Clinton and an emetic given to him. Out of the man's stomach
came a small oval-shaped silver bullet, which opened in the cen-
tre by the removal of a screw. Inside was found a despatch from
Clinton to Burgoyne saying: " Nous y voici and nothing between
us and Gates. I sincerely hope this little adventure of ours will
facilitate your operations." The man under arrest was hanged
to an appletree and in consequence of this fortunate discovery
the news Burgoyne had been waiting for never reached him.
Abandoning all hope, he now concluded to surrender.
When Vaughan heard of Burgoyne's surrender he returned to
Peekskill. The Hudson between Esopus and the scene of the
surrender therefore never passed under British control. In
Vaughan's advance was made the nearest approach which the
British forces ever made, toward the accomplishment of that
156 Public Papers op George Clinton.
fond ambition, that well understood necessity, of securing control
of this great water-way and thus cutting off New England from
the other American colonies. A few years later another attempt
almost found success; but that was made in rank dishonor — -the
attempt which sought success through the treason of an other-
wise brave and patriotic man, — Benedict Arnold.
Chaf»xkr XI.
BBMUS HEIGHTS A DRAWN BATTLE — BURGOYNE AS AN INFLUEN-
TIAL MEMBER OP PARLIAMENT HIS ABILITIES, HIS HOPE'S AND
HIS BLUNDERS — GEN. WASHINGTON'S COMMENT SARATOGA ONE
OF THE FIFTEEN DECISIVE BATTLES OF THE WORLD BURGOYNE
RETURNS TO PARLIAMENT AND OPPOSES THE KING HIS DE-
FENSE— NEW YORK RELIEiVED OF THE PRESENCE OF LARGE
STANDING ARMIES — HOW THE ENGLISH SUBSIDIZED THE IN-
DIANS— INDIANS AND TORIES REMAIN IN CANADA FOR TWO
YEARS — THEY JOIN BURGOYNB'S ARMY DESOLATION OF NEW
York's frontier — cherry valley — schoharie — gen. Sulli-
van's SUCCESSFUL EXPEDITION AGAINST BBANT JAMES CLINTON
ONE OF HIS LIEUTENANTS.
Bemus Heights was a drawn battle. The English claimed it
as a victory because on the night of the contest, they bivouacked
on the field, but as an expert has well said " another such victory
would have destroyed the British Army." Burgoyne made no
effort to conceal his chagrin and his mortification. He had come
to America with a command that justly and of right should have
been given to General Guy Carleton, who was sorely offended
by what he considered the discrimination of the British Ministry
against him. But Burgoyne possessed the influence. He had
been a member of Parliament, had married the daughter of the
powerful Earl of Derby, could wield a clever pen, was possessed
of a fair amount of military ability and was unquestionably a
brave though not a great man. Carleton on the other hand was
far away in Canada; his extensive and sound knowledge of the
country, of the American character, and of the obstacles to be
158 Public Papers op George Clinton.
overcome during the campaign, was ignored in order to favor
a man wlio could exercise unlimited influence in Parliament in
defense and for the cause of the Ministry.
Burgoyne had sailed for America imbued with the loftiest aspi-
rations that ever filled the breast of an ambitious military com-
mander. He saw before him, not fame alone but a peerage, a
garter and a place among the hallowed dead of Westminster
Abbey. But now with disaster staring him in the face, he openly
charged that he had been neglected, intimated that he had been
betrayed, but he was ignorant of the fact that Lord George Ger-
maine had carelessly pigeon holed important and imperative or-
ders to the commanding general in America, William, Viscount
Howe (who was a brother of Richard Earl Howe, the admiral
who commanded the British fleet in America), relating to the
campaign in New York; orders which if received and executed in
time, might have resulted in converting disaster into victory.
Indeed this curious pigeon-hole story was not publicly known
until a century afterwards. Burgoyne himself may have died
in ignorance of it. Had Burgoyne entertained less contempt
for his adversaries, fate might have been more kind to
him. Saturated with the corrupt ideas of the time, he
labored under the delusion that he could buy his way with
gold when he could not fight his way with powder and lead.
He was too far removed from his base of supplies to secure food,
too far away to receive reinforcements from Carleton in Canada
or Howe in Pennsylvania. He counselled with his officers, -al-
ways an evidence of weakness in a commander at a crisis. Day
by day his situation became more circumscribed. While his
army was dwindling, the American forces were encouraged by the
thousands of militia that rallied to them. New England patriot-
Public Papers of George Clinton. 159
ically and generously rushed to the assistance of New York.
Verily the victories of Oriskany and of Bennington were bearing
fruit, and the valor of Herkimer, Gansevoort, Willet and Stark
was exerting itself and diffusing itself through the people of the
land. Burgoyne's army was in a most critical position and he
in a state of hopeless dismay. He beg&n to realize what a blun-
dering campaign had been conducted — the want of foresight in
providing horses, carts, forage and supplies until the expedition
was on the point of starting from Canada; the superfluous and
heavy artillery train that so often tangled up the command in
the trackless wilderness; his unnecessary halt at Skeenesbor-
ough; his lack of cooperation with Carleton at the North and Gen.
Howe at the South; his mistake in crossing the Hudson when
he should have advanced upon Fort Edward by way of Lake
George; his sending the German forces to Bennington, instead
of English troops, and his dividing his army in the presence of
the enemy.
Washington wrote of Saratoga: "There the states of New
York aiid New England resolving to crush Burgoyne, continued
jiouring in their troops till the surrender of that army; at which
time not less than 14,000 militia, as I have been informed, were
actually in General Gates' camp and those composed for the most
part of the best yeomanry in the country, well armed and in
many instances supplied with provisions of their own carrying."
Burgoyne could not face the inevitable. Saratoga became one
of the fifteen decisive battles of the world, because it made cer-
tain an end of kingly rule in America and the dawn of independ-
ence, which through the assistance of the French people, became
an established fact four years later, almost to a day.
160 Public Papers of George Clinton.
Burgoyne took his defeat gracefully enough in America, but
when he returned to England and to Parliament, he joined the
opposition against the King. In his Defense, he emphasizes the
defeat at Bennington and pointed out the false prediction of Sir
John Johnson that the Tories only awaited the time to rally to his
aid. He said:
" The circumstances of the action at Bennington established a
yet more melancholy conviction of the fallacy of any dependence
upon supposed friends. The noble lord has said, that ' I never
despaired of the campaign before the affair at Bennington; that
I had no doubt of gaining Albany in as short a time as the army
(in due condition of supply) could accomplish the march.' I
acknowledge the truth of the assertions in their fullest extent;
all my letters at the time show it. I will go further and in one
sense apply with the noble lord the epithet ' fatal ' to the affair
of Bennington. The knowledge I acquired of the professors of
loyalty was ' fatal/ and put an end to every expectation from
enterprise, unsustained by dint of force. It would have been
excess of frenzy to have trusted for sustenance to the plentiful
region of Albany. Had the march thither been unopposed, the
enemy, finding the British army iinsnpplied, would only have
had to compel the tories to drive the cattle and destroy the corn,
and the capitulation of Albany instead of Saratoga must have
followed. Would the tories have risen? Why did they not rise
around Albany and below when they found Mr. Gates' army
increasing by separate and distinct parties from remote dis-
tances? They were better qualified by their situation to catch
the favorable moment, than I was to advise it. Why did they
not rise in that populous, and, as supposed, well affected dis-
trict, the German Flats, at the time St. Leger was before Fort
Public Papers of George Clinton. 161
Stanwix?* A critical insurrection from any one point to create
diversion would probably have secured the success of the cam-
paign. But to revert to the reasons against a rapid march after
the affair of Bennington. It was then also known that by the
false intelligence respecting the strength of Fort Stanwix, the
infamous behavior of the Indians and the want of the promised
co-operation of the loyal inhabitants, St. Leger had been obliged
to retreat. The first plausible motive in favor of hazardous
haste, the facilitating his descent of the Mohawk, was at an end."
With the surrender of Burgoyne, New York was relieved of
the presence of large standing armies, only to encounter a less
formidable but more appalling danger. The civilized British
enemy properly organized and efficiently officered, was superseded
by the treacherous Redskin and the merciless Tory. During the
French and Indian war, the French subsidized the red man with
a lavish hand, an example that was faithfully and sedulously fol-
lowed by the British when the War of the Revolution opened.
After Lexington, Concord and Bunker Hill, when they became
thoroughly alarmed, many of the Six Nations who had been
debauched by expensive gifts from the English emissaries and
were retained in the cause of the King, and all the most influ-
ential Tories of the Mohawk Valley took up their habita-
tion in Canada. But when Burgoyne, with all the flour-
ishes of a triumphant chieftain, gave the order to march the road
that was to lead to ignominy" and disaster, he expressed his hope
*It will be observed here that Burgoyne uses the name Fort Stanwix Instead of
Fort Schuyle-. The fact remains, however, that the old fort of the French war had
been reconstmcted during the Revolution, and had received the new name of Fort
Schuyler. Letters which American officers wrote from the fort in the summer of 1777
are dated from Fort Schuyler. The late Douglas Campbell, the author of "The Puritan
in England, Holland and America," whose great-grandfather served as a colonel under
Gen. Herkimer at Oriskany, owned a powder horn which his ancestor had carved at
this fort duriag that summer, and among the inscriptions on it is "Ft. Schuyler 1777."
Burgoyne seems to have adhered to the British unwillingness to accept a name taken
from that of a "rebel" general, preferring to keep the name that was associated with
England's war with France.
11
162 Public Papers of George Clinton.
that his red skin allies would hold in checlli: their ferocious procliv-
ities, when he came in collision with the enemy, refrain from
pillaging and scalping and conduct operations in the field on the
basis of civilized people. There is no question but that Bur-
goyne's policy of humanity inspired the disgust, contempt and
malignancy of the Indians, in their treatment of captives, but on
the other hand the generous terms offered by Gates may the more
readily be explained when Burgoyne himself became a prisoner
of war of the Americans. With the dispersion of Burgoyne's
army, the Indians scattered only to organize in the wilderness
in those bloodthirsty bands that ultimately spread terror, con-
sternation, death and destruction to the unprotected settler on
the frontier.
The frontier of New York was spacious and exposed. During
the campaign of 1776 the peace of the people was unquestionably
secured by the tireless energy of Gen. Schuyler. In spite of the
war, the population along the frontier continued to increase but
nowhere during the entire war were the horrors and atrocities so
marked. The settlers built block-houses for rallying places or
for defense, the farmer carried his gun with him to the field and
for months at a time a reign of terror prevailed. But now
the storm was to burst with unparalleled severity and ferocity.
The disappointed and bloodthirsty savages, having broken loose
from all military restraint and discipline proposed to operate on
iheir own hook and to obtain in their own way what had been
denied them at Oriskany, Bennington and during the Saratoga
campaign. No proposition during the war gave to Governor
Clinton more concern or more uneasiness, or was met with more
intelligence and better military acumen than this — the protection
of his frontier. So far as New York State was concerned, the
war had ceased to be conducted on the rules laid down for civil-
Public Papers op George Clinton. 163
ized nations. Hereafter it was to be prosecuted after the cruel no-
tions of the redskin. At the outbreak of the Revolution the Pro-
vince of New York was divided Into fourteen counties. Active
hostilities and atrocities were transferred to Tryon County, which
was created from Albany County in 1772 and named in honor of
the provincial governor, and which was now burned by the torch
and scarred by the knife of the Indian who blazed and carved a
pathway of desolation and blood from Wood Creek to the Dela-
ware. The county for the most part was sparsely settled. It
embraced the extreme frontier west of the Hudson and south of
the Mohawk. Many places within its border are familiar to us all
by their historical associations: Cherry Valley, Harpersfield, Oris-
kany. Fort Stanwix, Stone Arabia, Johnstown, Fort Hunter, Ger-
man Flats and Caughnawaga. The County building was situated
at Johnstown, the baronial home of the Johnsons. In all the
depredations committed, the Indians were under the command
of Joseph Thayendanegea, called "the Brant" one of the most en-
lightened Indians in peace, and the most cruel and ferocious in
war, the country ever produced. He had lived with the whites,
obtained a fair education and returned to his savage life. His
bearing was dignified and his manners courteous in the extreme.
Outwardly he bore every semblance to a highly educated, refined
and cultivated man. He had been in London and sat at the same
table in private houses with Burke, Fox and Sheridan.
In the summer of 1777 Brant gathered a number of warriors
in the vicinity of Unadilla. No fort had yet been erected in that
part of the Susquehanna Valley and the settlers of Cherry Val-
ley were thrown into paroxysms of alarm. In the spring of 1778
Gen. La Fayette visited Johnstown and the exposed position of
Cherry Valley was represented to him. He forthwith ordered
the construction of a fort for the protection of the settlers, who
164 Public Papers of George Clinton.
had run up and maintained in their own way a line of military
posts wherever feasible. The massacre at Cherry Valley, which
was inspired and directed by the notorious Walter N. Butler,
who prevailed on Brant with a few hundred savages to join him,
will forever leave upon both names a stain which all the expla-
nations and palliating excuses of sentimental writers can never
eradicate. Brant it is true showed now and then a streak of
humanity, but he must be held in part responsible for the brutal
and merciless conduct of the Indians as Butler was responsible
for the inhuman course of the Tories. Brant however was not
the worst of the savages. That eminence belongs to the leader
of the Senecas, Hiokatoo, who was capable of butchering infants.
Brant to some extent restrained the ferocity of the Indians, and
he said of the Tories that they were " more savage than the sav-
ages themselves." Butler was a scoundrel of the deepest dye.
For nearly two years he and Brant carried matters with a high
hand. Their scalping parties were numerous, and swooped down
upon isolated settlements and farmers with the suddenness and
fierceness of a hawk, and successfully escaped with their prey.
Finally these atrocities had become so numerous that Con-
gress took the matter into consideration. Gen. John Sul-
livan was selected to command an expedition that was
ordered to proceed to the Indian country in the South-
ern and Western parts of New York, lay wast^ their
settlements, destroy their crops and annihilate the tribes if pos-
sible. General James Clinton had been appointed one of his
lieutenants because of his knowledge of the country through
which the army was to march. With the First and Third New
York regiments Clinton proceeded up the Mohawk toCanajoharie,
where he sent five hundred men, consisting of detachments of six
companies of New York troops, one of Pennsylvania, one of
Public Papers of George Clinton. 165
Massachusetts, and one of rifles, to destroy the Onondaga settle-
ment. The expedition was successful. Fifty houses, the entire
settlement and a great abundance of grain were destroyed, be-
tween 20 and 30 warriors were slain and 37 prisoners taken. Clin-
ton returned to Fort Schuyler in five and a half days, having ac-
complished his mission, and covered one hundred and eighty
miles.
Clinton reached Otsego Lake in midsummer. He ran his boats
through the outlet around which has since grown up the pleasant
village of Cooperstown, and then dammed the stream. In conse-
quence, the waters of the lake rose several feet. The Susque-
hanna river below the dam was cleared of driftwood, the dam
was broken, and the boats swept swiftly along with the current
thus made. The straggling Indians living along the river bank,
unable to understand the rapid rise in the river, fled in alarm.
Brant and his Tory allies had made light of the Sullivan expedi-
tion. Their ghastly operations at Cherry Valley and the massa-
cre of Wyoming, carried out by Butler's father. Col. John
Butler, but in which Brant had no share, though Campbell in his
poem " Gertrude," and many historians have wrongly credited
him with leadership in that frightful atrocity, — these events had
emboldened the Indians and braced their confidence, but when
Clinton on August 28, 1779, joined Sullivan's main force at Tioga
Point, the confluence of the Susquehanna and Chemung rivers,
the Indians, for the first time, began to realize that their situation
was serious. The American army numbered between four
thousand and five thousand. Proceeding with care, their
front, flanks and rear, protected by selected troops, Sullivan
on August 28th struck the village of Chemung, twelve miles
from Tioga Point, which with all the produce in sight, was de-
stroyed. The next morning about ten o'clock the Indians under
166 Public Papers of George, Clinton.
Braut and the Butlers were encoimtered at Newtown, a short
distance from the mouth of Butler's Creek, near Elmira. The
enemy made a stout resistance for a time, but were soon battered
out of their position by the artillery of the Americans, and incon-
tinently fled. From this point to the Genesee Castle, the expedi-
tion literally obeyed orders, burning and destroying every settle-
ment, every article and particle of produce that could be utilized
by their common enemy, and meeting with but one misfortune, the
butchery of Lieut. Boyd and his party of fifteen or twenty men
who had been detached on a reconnoitering expedition. Boyd
surrendered, was tomahawked and his body was literally " hewn
to pieces." The country of the Onondagas, Cayugas and Senecas
was completely overrun and destroyed. Brant was driven back
to Niagara County, and though occasionally his red imps startled
the frontier by their forays afterwards, the western tribes never
recovered from the severe castigation which Sullivan adminis-
tered.
It was different however in central New York, The John-
sons retained their influence over the Indians and the Tories, and
in May, 1779, after the destruction of their town by Col. Goose
Van Schaick, acting under orders from Gen. Sullivan, a party of
Onondagas made a dash into Schoharie as far as Cobleskill. In
this foray twenty-two patriots were killed, many of them sub-
jected to horrible multilation and two were captured.
In October 1780, occurred the spoliation of Schoharie and the
Mohawk valleys by a force of 800 Indians and Tories under Sir
John Johnson, some estimates placing the number who took part
in this expedition, which has been called " The Northern In-
vasion," as high as 1500. But from that time on, to the surrender
at Yorktown, New York State was comparatively free from the
depredations of the enemy.
Chapter XII.
WHIGS AND TORIES — CONFISCATION OP PROPERTY ALEXANDER HAM-
ILTON AND THE TRESPASS ACT THE ARTICLES OF CONFEDERA-
TION THEIR WORiTHLESSNESS NINE STATES CONTROL THE DES-
TINY OF THE COUNTRY RELATIONSHIP OF THE STATE TO THE
UNION — HELPLESS CONDITION OF THE COUNTRY FINANCIALLY —
CONTEMPTUOUS DISREGARD OF THE AUTHORITY OF CONGRESS —
'ENGLAND REFUSES TO SURRENDER THE NORTHWESTERN MILI-
TARY POSTS DEMAND FOR A STRONG CENTRALIZED GOVERN-
MENT ^' GREAT BRITAIN OUR BEST FRIEND" WASHINGTON'S
OPINION OF THE ARTICLES JEALOUSY BETWEEN THE STATES
AND THE NATION WASHINGTON'S PESSIMISM.
In none of the states were rancor and bitterness between the
Whigs and Tories more virulently shown than in New York.
Before the approach of Washington's army, the persecution of
the Whigs by the Tories was brutal, inhuman and shameful.
For the short period intervening between that arrival and the
disaster ending on Brooklyn Heights, the Whigs had taken heart
and the Tories had taken flight. But when Gen. Howe settled
down in the city, the Whigs were driven to seek a habitation in
New Jersey or Connecticut. The Episcopal Churches — the
Church of England — closed their doors when the Revolution
came, and reopened them with the occupation of the British
troops. They were unmolested by either friend or foe. On the
other hand, the Calvinistic churches, whose sympathies lay with
the Americans, were confiscated by the British and used as
hospitals, riding academies or stables. If church property were
desecrated what could the private citizen expect. With feelings
168 Public Papers of George Clinton.
of humiliation, indignation and sorrow, the Whig from his lurk-
ing place, saw his property confiscated and assigned by military
authority to his whilom neighbor who had espoused the cause
of the King.
It was not surprising, therefore, that when peace was pro-
claimed the Whigs should declare reprisals against the men
who had persecuted them and who had appropriated their prop-
erty. And it was natural that a man so constituted as Governor
Clinton should champion their cause with all the energy and
vehemence in his nature. As chief magistrate of a State that
had suffered more than any other from the war, whose frontiers
had been saturated with the blood of innocent children and
women by the treacherous and merciless redskin, the ally of the
British, he was governed by a determination to be as considerate
and helpful to the penniless Whig as he was severe and unyielding
to the unfortunate Tory. He favored the bill to disfranchise all
persons who voluntarily remained in neighborhoods occupied by
British troops. The Council of Kevision vetoed this measure on
the ground that a number of districts would go unrepresented
because not enough voters would be left to hold an election.
Another device was then resorted to. The Trespass Act was
Wide spread and far reaching in its effect, but it is doubtful
whether it ever would have attained its prominent place in
history but for Alexander Hamilton's association with it. In
effect it permitted every person who had left his home by reason
of the enemy's presence to recover damages in an action for tres-
pass against any person who had taken possession of or occupied
the premises. To plead the justification of a military order was
barred to the defendant. A poor widow, Elizabeth Rutgers, had
fled from New York when the British took possession. Her prop-
erty had passed into the hands of Joshua Waddington, a wealthy
Public Papers of George Clinton. 169
loyalist merchant. The widow brought suit to recover damages.
Partisan politics ran very high and Hamilton exposed himself to
severe criticism by appearing as the counsel for the Tory, for
the sympathy and passion of the populace were with the widow.
In an argument as masterly as it was convincing, he moved to
set aside the Trespass Act because it contravened the treaty ol
peace, and placed the State of New York in an attitude of de-
fiance against the Congress which had made the treaty. He
appealed to the court for justice regardless of everything else.
He won his case in face of a hostile court and of popular clamor.
The Trespass Act was nullified and Hamilton at a bound took
rank as one of the leaders of forensic eloquence and ability in
the country.
The worthlessness of the Articles of Confederation — or the
" League of Friendship," as they were called — had long been rec-
ognized by every well-wisher, statesman, friend and enemy of the
country. Washington had aptly described them as " a rope of
sand." Although the committee of the Continental Congress
which had been appointed to draw up the Articles of Confedera-
tion and Perpetual Union, had made its report eight days after
the adoption of the Declaration of Independence, Congress
failed to adopt them until the fall of 1777; nor were they put in
operation before the spring of 1781 when Maryland, the last
State, ratified them. These articles of confederation were mainly
conspicuous for what they could not do. They were no sooner
put in effect than they were repudiated. England recognized
the impracticability of maintaining a government under them
and watched with more or less complacency the floundering and
tossing of the unfortunate nation which was supposed to be held
together by them. What political genius inspired them, is a
mystery that has never been solved. Some authorities hold John
170 Public Papers of George Clinton.
Dickinson responsible for them, but Dickinson himself never
claimed the credit. Under these articles nine out of the thirteen
States controlled every situation, every condition and every
crisis. To declare war, make a treaty, raise money for the main-
tenance of government the votes of nine states were necessary,
each state casting but one vote. Every state was supposed to
maintain its own sovereignty and at the same time to surrender
some portion of that sovereignty, an intangible, indefinable, un-
measurable quantity to the Federal Union, or the League of
Friendship. The ambiguity of this relationship of the State to
the Union and the Union to the State, was as absurd in its
intent as it was disastrous and contemptible in its results. The
situation was serious enough when the country could not pay
off its army, or its debts, or the interest on the funds which
had been loaned by France, but when the advantageous treaty
which Franklin and Jay and Adams had made with England, was
signed and it was found that Congress was hopelessly unable
to carry out its provisions in the physical protection of the
hunted and persecuted Tories, or to enforce payment of debts
due to English creditors, or to insure the return of confiscated
estates to loyalist owners — the necessity for improvement in the
system ceased to be a matter for speculation and became estab-
lished as a positive fact.
A more contemptuous disregard of the authority of Congress
or the provisions of the treaty could not have been displayed
than the course of New York, Pennsylvania, Massachusetts and
several of the Southern States in passing laws to prevent the
collection of English debts. A beautiful series of complications
were involved in this procedure. Americans demanded compen-
sation from England for slaves that ran off or were carried away
by the British fieet. Pending arbitrament, action was taken by
Public Papers op George Clinton. 171
State legislatures to nullify one of the provisions of the treaty.
England by reprisal refused to surrender the fortresses in the
Northwest^ — Ogdensburg, Oswego, Niagara, Detroit and Macki-
naw— which were garrisoned by her troops and which had been
granted to the United States by the treaty.
Of all the great leaders of the times Washington, Hamilton,
Jay and Gouverneur Morris were most keenly alive to the danger
that threatened the country unless the League of Friendship
were abolished and a strong, centralized form of government was
erected in its stead. They had not only become disgusted with
the wild theory of democracy but alarmed by its tendency to
grow, spread and strengthen. Gouverneur Morris in a letter
to Jay commits himself in these words, which to a more or less
extent sound prophetic:
" This country has never yet been known to Europe and God
knows what it ever will be. To England it is less known than
to any other part of Europe, because they constantly view it
through a medium of either prejudice or faction. True it is that
the general government wants energy and equally true it is that
the want will eventually be supplied. A national spirit is the
natural result of habitual existence; and although some of the
present generation may feel the result of Colonial oppositions
of opinion, that generation will die away and give place to a
race of Americans. On this occasion as on others, Great Britain
Is our best friend."
As early as March, 1783, Washington had written to Hamilton :
" No man in the United States is or can be more deeply im-
pressed with the necessity of a reform in our present confedera-
tion than myself. No man perhaps has felt the bad effects of
it more sensibly; for to the defects thereof, and want of powers
in Congress, may justly be ascribed the prolongation of the war,
172 Public Papers of George Clinton.
and consequently the expenses occasioned by it. More than half
the perplexities I have experienced in the course of my command,
and almost the whole of the difficulties and distress of the army,
have their origin here. But still, the prejudices of some, the
designs of other, and the mere machinery of the majority, make
address and management necessary to give weight to opinions,
which are to combat the doctrines of those different classes of
men in the field of politics."
Again in April, 1783, Washington wrote to Tench Tilghman:
" The distresses of the Army for want of money; the embarrass-
ments of Oongres'S, and the consequent delays, and disappoint-
ments on all sides, encompass me with difficulties; and produce
every day some fresh source of uneasiness. But as I now see the
port opening toi which I have been steering, I shall persevere till
I have gained the entrance of it. I will then leave the States to
improve their present Constitution, so as to make that Peace and
Independency, which we have fought for and obtained, a blessing
to the millions yet unborn. But to do this, liberality must supply
the place of prejudice, and unreasonable jealousies must yield to
that confidence which ought tO' be placed in the Sovereign power
of these States. In a word, the Constitution of Congress must be
competent to the general purposes of Covernment, and of such a
nature as to bind us together. Otherwise we shall be like a rope
(of Sand, and as easily broken; and may in a short time, become
the sport of European Politics even if we should be disposed to
Peace among ourselves."
ITo Benjamin Harrison, CovernoT of Virginia, in January 1784,
Washington expressed a despondent view of the situation, in
these words :
" The disinclination of the individual States to yield competent
powers to Congress for the federal government, their unreasonable
Public Papers of George Clinton. 173
jealousy of that body and of one another, and the; disposition,
which seems to pervade each, of being all-wise and all-powerful
within itself, will, if there is not a change in the system, be our
downfall as a nation. This is as clear tO' me as the A, B, C ; and
I think we have opposed Great, Britain, and have arrived at the
present state of peace and independency, to very little purpose, if
we cannot conquer our own prejudices. The powers of Europe
begin to see this, and our newly acquired friends, the British, are
already and pirofessedly acting upon this ground; and wisely too,
if w^e are determined toi persevere in our folly."
In May, 1786, in a letter to John Jay, he wrote:
" We are certainly in a delicate situation ; but my fear is that
the people are not yet sufficiently misled to retract from error. To
be plainer I think there is more wickedness than ignorance mixed
in our oo^uncils."
He says further: " Ignorance and design are difficult to combat.
Out of these proceed illiberal sentiments, improper jealousies and
a train of evils which oftentimes in republican governments must
be sorely felt before they can be removed."
He viewed with concern the present situation and feared that
virtue in a " great degree " ha& " taken its departure from our
land and the want of a dispoisition to justice is the source of the
national embarrassments."
The crisis that followed the close of hostilities developed the
great genius of Alexander Hamilton. As early as 1781 he had
begun to write essays for a new system of government which
eventually brought about the conventions of Annapolis and Phila-
delphia, and the adoption of the Federal Constitution. Hamilton
was quick to see that so Icmg as the states maintained their own
autonomy, a powerful Federal government was out of the ques-
174 Public Papers of George Clinton.
tion. It was liis plan to pirodiice a government nothing sbort of a
limited monarcliy.
The Annapolis convention failed to come up to Hamilton's
standard either in its attendance or its results. Commissioners
gathered only from Virginia, Delaware, Pennsylvania and New
York. New Hampshire, Massachusetts, Bhode Island and North
Carolina were unrepresented, although delegates had been ap-
pointed. Connecticut, Maryland, South Carolina and Georgia had
taken no actioiu whatever. Hamilton drew the address which the
Annapolis convention promulgated to the people. He dwelt upon
the shortoomings of the present system of Federal government,
and stated that in the icpinion of the delegates present, a conven-
tion 'Should be called " of deputies from the different states for the
special and sole purpose of entering into " and " digesting a plan
of supplying such defects as may be discovered to exist."
The failure of the Annapolis convention made necessary the
Philadelphia convention. On February 17, 1787, Hamilton intro-
duced in the Assembly of the state of New York, his resolution
calling upon Congress for a convention of representatives from
all the states for the purpose of revising the " articles of con-
federation and perpetual union between the United States of
America by such alterations and amendments as a majority of
the representatives in such convention shall judge proper and
necessary to render them adequate to the preservation and sup-
port of the Union."
On February 26, he submitted another resolution that five
delegates be appointed on the part of New York to meet the
representatives of the other states on the second Monday of the
next May, at Philadelphia for the express purpose of revising
the Articles of Confederation.
Chapter XIII.
OBSCURITY OF THE ORIGIN OF POLITICAL PARTIES LOYALISTS AND
TORIES — A REVOLUTION WITHIN OUR COUNTRY'S OWN BORDERS —
states' RIGHTS — GEORGE CLINTON'S GREAT INFLUENCE IN NEW
YORK CENTRALIZATION AND DEMOCRACY THREE GREAT MEN,
CLINTON, HAMILTON AND GOUVERNEUR MORRIS THE FIRST GEN-
ERAL IMPOST — OPPOSED BY CLINTON — NEW YORK CONCEDES HER
REVENUE TO THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT CLINTON REFUSES TO
CALL THE LEGISLATURE TOGETHER IN EXTRAORDINARY SES-
SION— HIS REASONS — RETALIATION AGAINST ENGLAND.
The origin of political parties in the state of New York is hidden
in the mist of the past. During Colonial times there was always
a fraction of the population who objected to the constant exactions
and to the imperious financial demands of the crown. The senti-
ment that taxation without representation was an impo'sition
was born long before the Albany Congress, but the inherent
loyalty^ so characteristic of the Anglo-Saxon race, bound the. colo-
nistsi to the mother country with the strongest ties and was the
means of suppressing any expression that 'Suggested ingratitude,
treachery or rebellion.
But when at last the division came between the colonies and
England two linest were formed. On one stood the Loyalists or
Tories, who were true to England; on the other the Whigs who
began by trying to conciliate and ended as Rebels who defied
England. The policy of the Tories was simple, direct and unmis-
takable. They believed in England and the King and in the
temporal power of bishops. But the Whigs were without a
176 Public Papers op George Clinton.
policy and without a country. Sentiment with them had not
crystallized into Independence.
History affords no parallel to the fourteen years in America
from 1775, when the colonies struck out for themselves, to 1789
when the young nation began to do business under the Consti-
tution. For the first seven years the colonies were rent by a mili-
tary revolution that was as demoralizing as it was devastating
and as enervating as it was ruinous. During the final seven
years, between Yorktown and the adoption of the Constitution,
the country struggled with a political revolution within its own
borders that threatened from time to time to shake the masts
out of the ship of state or to throw her on her beam ends and
let her founder in the sea of anarchy. Imperial commonwealths,
such as Virginia, Pennsylvania, Massachusetts and New York
resented the proposition to place smaller and inferior states
upon a level with them, and to grant the same powers and pre-
rogatives and to admit into the Upper House of Congress, the
same number of representatives, whether the population aggre-
gated one hundred thousand or a million.
The discordant conditions that faced the young nation in meet-
ing its financial obligations threatened wreck and ruin at the
outset. The Army at Newburg was at the point of mutiny and
only the firm and tactful influence of Washington, whose sublim-
ity of character never met a grave crisis with more self possession
and self abnegation, quelled an uprising that would have re-
sulted in a military despotism and destroyed every possibility
of establishing a permanent form of civil government. The
Congress of the Confederation was impotent. Local assemblies
had drawn the strongest men from the arena of National to that
of State politics. The state had become recognized as an institu-
Public Papers of George Clinton. 177
tion greater than any Federal government. The ominous ex-
pression " States' Rights " was heard for the first time. It is not
surprising therefore that the National Congress should consist
of men of mediocre ability, only redeemed by the presence of
such statesmen as Hamilton, Madison, Bland, Clymer and Wil-
son. Social and political conditions were hopelessly disordered.
Never were statesmen called upon to face an emergency more
grave or to build an enduring system out of such chaos. The
people had not been educated up to the truism "in union there is
strength." The potency of organization had never occurred to
them. The state to them was not only the unit but the whole
fabric of government. Such leaders as John Hancock, in Mas-
sachusetts, George Clinton in New York and Patrick Henry in
Virginia, who were exceedingly jealous not only of their own
power and influence in their own states but equally tenacious
of the rights and prerogatives of those states, were honest in
their convictions that the sovereignty of a commonwealth should
not be impaired or destroyed by any common union because the
state was superior to any National government and possessed
the authority to secede whenever in its judgment the necessity
for such a step should occur.
With these apparently irreconcilable differences between the
states and inordinate jealousies between the leaders, with the
brutal ingratitude toward the army, with the Congress torn by
factional strife, with the two ideas Centralization and Democracy
clashing with and smashing at each other, each asserting that the
supremacy of the other meant death to the country, with the
general inclination to repudiate debts and an unmistakable in-
competency to handle the grave question of finance and taxation,
the reader of to-day is amazed to understand how the feeble
12
178 Public Papers op George Ci^inton.
young country ever stood the ordeal, how the pathway to Na-
tional ascendency was ever marked out, and how the Republic
ever came out of it at all with any shadow of success or any
degree of strength.
Three men at this particular period were no less conspicuous
for the positions they occupied than for the influence they exerted
over events. Each represented New York though in a different
capacity : George Clinton, governor of the state, Alexander Ham-
ilton, member of Congress and Gouverneur Morris, Assistant
Financier, of the United States. As Hamilton is the recognized
father of our National Banking system, so Morris, who was Ham-
ilton's senior by five years, is the accredited founder of our Na-
tional Coinage system. Hamilton's influence in Congress was
in no wise commensurate with his abilities. The majority was
opposed to him; his most commendable projects and suggestions
were rejected. He foresaw the danger to the country in the
development and expansion of democratic principles and in the
great power wielded by the states. The ideas and principles he
there enunciated he lived to see adopted by a very large propor-
tion of the people.
George Clinton was recognized as one of the strong men of the
land. He had seen service in the field and had acquitted himself
with prudence, credit and honor. As governor of the state he
had established a following, at once large, obedient and faithful.
He was a politician of unquestioned ability, and he understood
thoroughly the temper and wishes of his people; he was obliging
and considerate though firm and resolute in all his transactions
and was sagacious enough to perceive that the geographical
position of his state, sooner or later, meant an Empire of itself.
Public Papers of George Clinton. 179
Instead of paying tribute to other states or to a National Con-
federation, he determined that other states should pay tribute
to New York.
The suggestion for the first general impost for the benefit of the
United States, is said to have been proposed in a convention held
at Hartford, Connecticut, consisting of delegates from the New
England States and from New York. The act, which was passed
by Congress, in February 1781, was absolutely necessary because
of " the utmost extremity of distress for want of money to carry
on the war." On March 19, 1781, the legislature of New York in
conformity with the recommendation of Congress, passed an act,
which provided that the duties granted to Congress " should be
levied and collected in such manner and form, and under such
pains, penalties and regulations, and by such officers as Congress
should from time to time, make, order, direct and appoint."
Governor Clinton opposed this measure strongly and he re-
fused to surrender the revenue collected, on the ground that
New York as an independent sovereignty, had associated with
the otfier colonies merely for the purpose of mutual assistance
and protection and should not be expected to give up this source
of wealth to the Nation at large. He was severely criticised by
the Federalists for his course, and denounced as a demagogue
and a hypocrite. He was largely instrumental in securing the
repeal of the law. '' The embarrassments experienced in carry-
ing through the first plan," observes Hamilton " the increase
of the National debt and other circumstances induced Congress
to devise a new system of impost, which was finally agreed upon
on the 18th of April 1783." As a compromise Congress gave
to the states the power to appoint the collecting officers, but
this proviso was subsequently annulled by bestowing the power
of removal upon the Federal authorities. All the States ac-
180 Public Papers of George Clinton.
cepted the new scheme for an impost, including Ehode Island
which would have none of the first, except New York. But New
York withheld its assent. Governor Clinton declared he had al-
ways favored an impost but he could not agree to the manner
in which Congress proposed to execute the power. How thor-
oughly was Congress discredited is shown by a remark from
one of Governor Clinton's friends that " Congress being a single
body and consequently without checks, would be apt to misapply
the money arising from it."
In 1786 the state legislature passed an act conceding the reve-
nue to the Federal government but reserved " the sole power of
levying and collecting the duties." Governor Clinton was now
recognized as a National character. By virtue of his position
as governor and his prominence as an Anti-Federalist, his in-
fluence prevailed equally in the Nation, such as it was, and in the
state. He was a far more important personage than any of his
successors, because he was an ardent exponent of the doctrine
of States' Rights, a doctrine that was steadily expanding, and
because the power of the state was then recognized by a large
proportion of the people as superior to that of any National
government, for the reason that the states by withdrawing from
the compact, could destroy the National government while the
National government lacked the power or authority to destroy
a single state.
Congress refused to recognize the legislative act of 1786 al-
luded to above and passed a resolution requesting Governor
Clinton to call the legislature together in extra session for the
purpose of reconsidering the subject. The governor refused to
listen to the " pressing and repeated supplications of Congress "
Public Papers of George Clinton. '181
on the ground that under the constitution he had no authority
to convene the legislature, except on extraordinary occasions
and that the present did not seem to him to justify such a course.
Not content with snapping his fingers at the National govern-
ment Clinton turned his attention toward England. America
could build ships at one third the cost in England. Before the
war England's profits from the advantage of using American
ship yards had been enormous. Now that the war was over
the enormous trade that was established between America
and the West Indies aroused all the covetousness in the British
breast. On July 1783 an order in Council declared that hereafter
all trade between the United States and the British West In-
dies must be conducted in British built ships owned and navi-
gated by British subjects. Even in direct trade with England,
American ships were restricted to those articles only that were
produced in those states of which their owners were citizens, a
bar that weighed heavily upon our importers and caused losses
and distress immeasurable. Many Americans cried for reprisals
against England but the Congress governed by the Articles of
Confederation, was powerless. It remained for New York to
take the lead. Under the direction of Governor Clinton, the
state retaliated by laying a double duty upon all goods imported
in British ships. Other states favored legislation of a retali-
atory order, but for want of general and combined leadership
no uniform plan could be agreed upon. Some favored a new
non-importation agreement, a few desired to strengthen the
powers of Congress and Massachusetts went so far as to sug-
gest the calling of a Convention of all the states to amend and
modify the Articles of Confederation. During the year 1785 ten
182 Public Papers of George Clinton.
states passed acts granting to Congress the power of regulating
commerce for the following thirteen years, but th.ese laws were
so incongruous in purpose and so divergent in scope that Con-
gress found itself no better off with them than it was before
without them.
Chapter XIV.
CEORGB CLINTON AS A MAN OF ACTION HIS PROMINENCE DURING THE
DANIEL SHAYS REBELLION AND THE DOCTORS' RIOT IN NEW
YORK — Washington's oonfidbncb in him and friendship for
HIM— HONORS BESTOWED UPON HIM BY THE PEOPLE OF HIS
STATE HIS RECORD AS GOVERNOR AND VICE PRESIDENT HIS
DEATH AT WASHINGTON.
George Clinton was conspicuously and positively a man of ac-
tion. As soon as lie heard that Sir Jolin Johnson with Brant and
the Corn Planter had left Unadilla in the summer of 1780, for
an incursion into the valleys of the Mohawk and Schoharie, he or-
ganized a strong militia force, which with General Eobert Van
Rensselaer at its head started forward vigorously in pursuit of
the marauders. Johnson had laid siege in the meantime to the
Middle Fort in Schoharie Valley but having been rebuffed,
dropped the siege, and proceeded to desolate the lower valley
with the torch, the tomahawk and the scalping knife. The
Lower Fort was unsuccessfully assailed and the marauders
baffled and desperate, took their revenge by destroying dwel-
lings, farms and crops that belonged to loyal Americans. At
Klock's Field in Stone Arabia, they were overtaken by Van
Rensselaer and signally defeated. Johnson gathered together
the remnants of his force and escaped into Canada by way of
Oswego. The same year Governor Clinton marched to
Crown Point at the head of a considerable force to cut off the
retreat of a marauding party who contemplated another incur-
184 Public Papers of George Clinton.
sion into the Mohawk Valley, but the invaders escaped by an
Indian stratagem.
Nor was this the only instance while he was governor in which
he personally took the field with the determination of seeing
things for himself rather than relying upon the heresay or sayso
of other persons. The Daniel Shays Rebellion gave the governor
the opportunity to display one of his strong characteristics.
Historians of New England have ever displayed a reluctance to
give to New York and to New York statesmen and soldiers credit
for the part they took in this disturbance. The fact remains,
however, that Gov. Clinton. by his prompt and vigorous action
had more to do with suppressing this rebellion than even the
State of Massachusetts and Gen. Lincoln who commanded the
troops.
The following year occurred the memorable " Doctors' Riot "
in New York, an outbreak due to desecration of the graves of
poor people by young medical students. For two days Gov-
ernor Clinton personally and fearlessly went among the mob, and
besought the law-breakers to restore quiet. But his entreaties
being in vain he called out the militia and thus put an end to the
disorder.
It is a matter of history that Martin Van Buren held more
public oflfices than any other man who ever lived in this country.
But no man was ever more honored by his state and the people
of his state than was George Clinton. Not only was he chosen
the first governor under the constitution, and Lieutenant Gov-
ernor at the same time, but he continuously held the chief magis-
tracy of the state from 1777 to 1795. His popularity was pheno-
menal, and his record as governor has never been equalled in the
matter of no opposition. In 1780, in 1783, and in 1786, he was re-
Public Papers of George Clinton. 185
elected without having an opponent against him. Three years
later, Robert Yates, the " Eough Hewer " whose essays, written
before the declaration of hostilities between England and the
colonies, gave him a reputation of more than local importance,
ran against Clinton and was defeated. In 1792, Gen. Clinton
was again a candidate, but failed to obtain a majority over his
competitor, John Jay. Six senators and six members of Assem-
bly, selected by their respective houses, constituted the Canvass-
ing Committee. Objections having been made to the returns
from Clinton, Otsego and Tioga counties, on the ground of
alleged informalities, the two United States senators from New
York, Rufus King and Col. Aaron Burr, were chosen as referees,
but failed to agree.
The majority of the canvassers thereupon decided to reject
the votes from the counties mentioned, and rewarded General
Clinton with a certificate of election on an alleged majority of
108. Subsequently it was learned that in the county of Otsego
a number of illegal votes had been cast for Judge Jay, through
the influence of a number of distinguished official persons who
had used their influence without Judge Jay's knowledge, in ter-
rorizing voters who would have supported General Clinton.
On January 22, 1795, General Clinton, in a public address to the
freeholders of the state, declined a renomination for governor,
on the ground that for nearly thirty years successively, he had
held elective oflSces, and that he now desired to retire from pub-
lic life. But in 1800 he was persuaded to run for the Assembly
in the city and county of New York. The following year he
again stood for the office of governor, and was elected over
General Stephen Van Rensselaer.
From 1789, he received at each presidential election up to 1808,
186 Public Papers of George 'Clinton.
a number of votes for the office of president of the United States,
as the champion of the States' Rights or Anti-Federalist party.
It was not until 1805, however, that he was elected vice-president,
on the same ticket with Thomas Jefferson. In 1808 he was re-
elected on the ticket with James Madison, and while holding this
office he died, at Washington, on the 20th of April, 1812.
His most prominent act as vice-president, was his casting vote
against the charter of the United States Bank, during the session
of Congress of 1810-11.
Although descended from the aristocracy of England, George
Clinton was the embodiment of American democracy. He be-
longed to that distinctive class that encouraged the development
of what politicians of the present time are pleased to call the
" plain people " — the class that at the formative period of our
government reprobated slavery. With his brother James he was
a delegate to the Convention that adopted the Constitution of the
United States, and both voted against that instrument.
Between George Clinton and Washington the most cordial
relations existed for years, in spite of the differences in tempera-
ment and politics. A number of biographers have attempted to
undervalue Clinton's military reputation because of the greater
reputation he achieved as a civil officer. But if his actions are
studied closely during the time he was in command of the Hud-
son River and its defences, it will be seen that at almost every
crisis he exercised military ability of a very high order. If he
failed to defeat the enemy it was because he had not been sup-
plied with a heavy enough force, for it is a matter of record that
as a rule he anticipated the enemy's intentions.
When the English men-of-war, on July 11, 1776, started from
Staten Island and ran by the American works on Manhattan
Public Papers of George Clinton. 187
Island, Clinton had anticipated the orders of Washington, and
called out three regiments of militia as soon as the signal was
given that the British ships were ascending the Hudson. One
regiment he placed at Fort Constitution, another at Fort Mont-
gomery, while the third he held in reserve at Newburg. In front
of Fort Constitution a number of sloops and boats were gathered
for the purpose of stretching a chain across the river.
Washington said when he appointed him to the command of
the Highlands : " His acquaintance with the country, abilities
and zeal for the cause, are the motives that induced me to make
choice of him."
In a letter to Schuyler in 1778, Washington wrote that he
" reposed implicit confidence in " Clinton, and directed that he
should be consulted in regard to the invasion of Canada that
then was contemplated. Again Washington advised with him
relative to the peace establishment of the army at the close of
hostilities. Clinton was invited by Washington to be present at
the conference between Washington and Sir Guy Carleton, which
led to the evacuation of the British troops from America.
On November 14, 1783, Washington, with Governor Clinton, ar-
ranged the program for the departure of the British troops from
New York City, and the following day the Governor issued a
proclamation announcing the day that had been designated by
Sir Guy Carleton for evacuating the city, and summoning the
members of the New York Council to meet at East Chester on
the 21st inst. for the purpose of establishing a civil government
in the districts that had hitherto been held by British troops.
At the same time the inhabitants of those districts were en-
joined to yield due obedience to the laws of the state and to
be vigilant in preserving the public peace and good order.
188 Public Papers of George Clinton.
Owing to bad weather, the evacuation was deferred for two
days. Clinton had requested and obtained from Washington
the command of the American troops that were on the northern
outskirts of the city. On the morning of November 25th, the
American army marched from Harlem to the Bowery where it
remained till one o'clock when the British troops moved for-
ward and proceeded to the Battery. The American army with
Washington and Clinton at its head, escorted by the civil officers
and hundreds of citizens, followed without delay. That evening
Governor Clinton gave a public dinner at Fraunces' Tavern,
Washington, his staff and the general officers of the army being
present.
Washington had obtained an advantageous offer to purchase
Dow's estate near Alexandria, Va., and negotiated a loan from
Governor Clinton of two thousand pounds. New York currency,
at seven per cent, payable one year after the peace. It would
appear from information that has come down to us that Wash-
ington and Clinton were interested not only in the purchase of
lands in the Mohawk Valley, but also in Virginia, for Washing-
ton mentions Governor Clinton in his will, in connection with a
part of a tract of land which had been held in equal right
between them.
In the history of the state of New York, George Clinton stands
out as a colossal figure. He belongs to the inspired race of man
who made independence possible. It was his patriotism, his abil-
ity, his dogged tenacity and sagacity that exerted a marked in-
fluence in creating and maintaining the sovereignty of the state
of New York. Whether his record is examined and scrutinized
as a soldier during the months he commanded the defences in
the Highlands, or as Military Governor of the infant state of
Public Papers of George Clinton. 189
New York, or as Vice-President of the newly created republic,
the same sterling traits, the same steady self-reliance, the same
manly straightforwardness, the same aggressive ability, are al-
ways apparent. His career in many respects was remarkable,
and the four epochs in which that career can be divided cover
forty of the most interesting years of our national existence:
epoch No. 1, the colonial period ; epoch No. 2, the military period
from the outbreak of hostilities to the close of the War of the
Revolution; epoch No. 3, his administration as governor of New
York, which embraces the precarious years from the peace to the
adoption of the Federal constitution; and epoch No. 4, his serv-
ices as vice-president of the United States from 1805, to his death
in 1812.
One who knew him well, thus described him :
" Mr. Clinton was prepossessing in his appearance; his stature
moderate but massive. His demeanor was dignified, and his
countenance indicative of courage, decision and energy. He
possessed frankness and amiability in private life; was kind and
affectionate in his personal relations, warm in his friendship and
decided in his enmity. His patriotism was undoubted, and from
first to last he was trusted by Washington. His boldness and
decision of character are illustrated in the events of his life, and
by none more than by the necessary exercise of his authority in
the impressment of a large quantity of flour at a period when
Washington's army was on the eve of dissolution, and was there-
by saved."
HUGH HASTINGS,
State Historian.
Albany, August 23, 1899.
Public Papers of George
Clinton.
iMANuscRiF^x Vol. I.
MANUSCRIPT VOL. I.
1775.
[Letter No. 58.]
Rev. Dr. Livingston to George Clinton in Congress, urging the ap-
pointment of a Continental Fast.
Dear Sir: —
While we are using means for healing the Divisions between
the mother Country and the Colonies, it becomes -us to look up
to the God of Providence for direction and success. Whatever
causes may be assigned for our present distresses, and however
great the Hand may be, which some wicked Individuals have,
in bringing all this danger & Trouble upon us; we must yet ac-
knowledge, (if we give any Credit to the word of Truth,) that
the sins of a people, are always the procuring cause of national
Calamities; and, therefore, the Humiliation and repentance of
the people are the important Duties to which such Dispensations
call.
I know your sentiments agree with mine in this matter, and
beg leave to remind you of your Engagement to move in the
Congress for a Continental Fast, — in a political view it will an-
swer an important purpose, as the people will thereby become
more established in their present laudable principles for Lib-
erty, as well as more united in the common cause, but in a re-
ligious prospect, which is the only one for which it will be urged
by me, it is at once the Call of Duty and means of prosperity.
I need not say, that all other matters ought to give place to this,
as both the motion and resolve will take up but little Time.
13
194 Public Papers of Gteorge Clinton.
A member of our provincial Congress had determined to move
for a day of Fasting & prayer throughout the province. I have
told Him of your design with respect to this, and we have waited
to hear from you.
If nothing comes in the space of a week, I have advised, that
a motion be made in the provincial Congress to address the
Continental Congress upon this Head, requesting that a Fast
& public Humiliation may not be limitted to one province, but
extend, on one & ye same day, from ISTova Scotia to Georgia.
A Time sufficiently distant ought to be fixed upon, that so the
whole Continent may obtain proper information, and could the
notice reach England, I am confident many thousands would
join us in that solemn work.
All the members of our provincial Congress are not yet come
down, it is expected they will be able to open this day or to-
morrow. If you have any Leisure to think of your Friends,
and any thing which you may communicate in the way of News
or sentiment it will be very acceptable to
Dear Sir, • .
Your most affectionate Friend & servant,
J. H. Livingston.
New York, May 23, 1775.
[No 59]
EARLY DAYS OF THE WAR IN NEW YORK.
Defences of the Hudson — Colonists Capture Munitions of War.
D'r Sir:—
Your favour of the 2d May (I think you meant June) filed
with Nothing but that you had not any news, came to hand late
on Saturday evening. If I saw -you I could say a great deal to
you.
Public Papers op George Clinton. ^ 195
1st. Why a Connecticut Commissary at Albany?* I think it
right that they have a Commissary who may see that their
Troops have provisions & do not want, & who may be account-
able by Law to their own Governm't. But our Commissioners,
who are good men, might they not have answered as well or
better? Our people have forwarded either 400 or 500 Bis. of
Pork, least it may not so easily be done in the future; and a
Considerable Quantity of Flour, some Rice &ca., and have or-
dered 25 of the largest Batteaus; they also, that is two or three
of them, have obtained money on their private security and sent
to Albany. Will the Commissary, or our Commissioners, bear
the Expence of transportation from Albany? But let me tell
jou no delay is made for the present.
What will become of the Companies that the people of Albany
have raised & sent and are sending to Ticonderoga? I hear that
<jeorge Palmer at Stillwater (who has been very active) has sent
upwards 70 men in a Company — and is bound to them to in-
demnify them.
No jnatter how many men this Colony raises into Regular
Regiments as a Continental Army at Continental Expence it will
make us respectable, prevent our slinking away from our sister
"Colonies & preserve our Extent of Territory. I wish none but
C/onnecticut Troops may be introduced until we have Troops of
our own.
Applications have already been frequent to the Congress here
for military Employment. Troops will easily be raised, if the
Cash can be provided. And the Command so placed, and in such
Hands, as may tend to secure both our Liberty & Property.
Your Brothers have not returned to report on the fortifications
*An allusion to Joseph Trumbull, subsequently appointed Commissary General.
196 Public Papers of George Clinton.
to be erected on Hudsons Eiver; 'tis tho't by some that any expen-
sive fortification at King's Bridge will not be necessary or use-
ful. It is best to have Troops raised to make the Fortifications.
I want to know (on account of my own affairs) how long your
Body will yet set. But if it is inconsistant with your Fidelity^
don't tell me.
The only news I think of at present is, that the few soldiers who*
were in Barracks here were Yesterday put on Board of the Asia
man of war. A few men with little opposition stopped the Bag-
gage Carts, made them return to Van Dyck's and kept two Chests,
of spare arms & three half Barrels of powder; they insisted that
tho' they permitted the soldiers to go away armed, it would be
criminal to let spare arms and ammunition be carried away —
especially as arms were some time ago seized & sent on Board of
a Frigate and powder taken out of their whaling sloops coming:
into the Harbour.
I have wrote almost night and day since the Congress sat, and
have not slept since I arose yesterday morning. I enclose a Copy"
of our Congress French Letter to Canada — it was wrote and'
printed last week. But Mr. Scott who wrote it was out [of] Town
the day it was printed, the Corrector of the press and another per-
son made some alterations which occasioned it to be retained and
I think it will be reprinted.
I am your affectionate
John McKesson.*
Wednesday morn'g, 5 o'clock,
June 7th, 1775.
George Clinton Esq'r.
*Jolin McKesson was one of the most active Americans in the State of New York
during the Revolutionary War. His relations with the leaders were close and intimate.
He was appointed secretary to the Provincial Convention which met in New York on.
the 20th of April, 1775, for the purpose of choosing delegates to represent the colony in
the Continental Congress, and subsequently acted as secretary to the Council of Safety.-
Public Papers of George Clinton. 197
P. S. Peter T. Curtenius is directed by this Congress to be their
Commissary at New York. He is the m^ost active man — what is
ordered hitherto is done without Delay.
[No. 60.]
William Smith Sends Ms ConvpUments to George Clinton.
Friday Night 7 June.
My dear George : —
My servant John this minute asks Leave to visit his sister at
Marlborough and will be gone before I shall rise in the morning so
that I have only Time for our friendly Respects to you & Family
.and to intreat your and Mrs. Clinton's company whenever you can
«pare Time and 'find your Compassions rise in favor of a sett of
People moping under the melancholly change from' a Life of So-
■ciety to the profoundest solitude in an outcast corner of the
Creation.
We heard from Town to-Day & have yesterday's Papers. The
King will not tell the City of London whether any Terms shall
precede the operations of his arms or not. But Gov'r Franklin*
I believe has had dispatches by the vessels lately arrived at the
Hook and he has called his Assembly for the 20th Instant upon
Business of very great Importance. The Buzz at Hackinsac is
that Terms of Peace are sent out. Nothing transpires respecting
their nature.
Adieu,
I am truly yours,
W. Smith.
July 31, 1776, he was. appointed by the Provincial Convention, Register in Chancery,
which position he held for a number of years. He acted as one of the secretaries to the
State Convention which was called to ratify the Federal Constitution. He was the first
-Clerk of the Assembly of the State of New York, which convened September 1, 1777, and
iield the position continuously until 1794.
♦William Franklin, governor of New Jersey — the Tory son of Ben. Franklin.
198 Public Papers op George Clinton.
[No. 61.]
The Colonists lose 1500 pounds of Saltpetre.
D'r Sir:—
1 do not want to know one Secret from you. But let me beg:
leave to tell you, that tlie Committee of Albany & the present
Commandant at Ticonderoga are continually sending for stores
of every kind. The Merchants who retained Blanketts Duck &
other Things, at the request of the New York Committee want
leave to sell them. The Colony has NO MONEY — where shall
they have credit. The Albany men are sending up men & want
everything for them. No money to buy.
If this Colony is to raise men let your Omnipotent House give
very positive Directions.
Yesterday Evening or this morniug a few men took away
without any noise or Trouble about 1500 lb. of saltpeter anci
some other Trifles of a like nature from Turtle Bay. These
stores had long been there in a place of safety, and were not
known even to the storekeeper. But Mr. Stevens the storekeeper
having Knowledge of the matter complained to the mayor — -
both complained to the Congress. In consequence of your Re-
solve & the Letter from our Delegates of the May, this
Congress made a Resolve sent a Committee & ordered all the
Effects restored which is done. I am sorry we lost the saltpeter.
But you see we are very obedient. Don't say I wrote this matter.
I am yours affectionately,
J. McKesson,
Thursday Evening June 8th '75.
(George Clinton, Esq.) •
Public Papers of George Clinton. 199'
[No. 62.] •
COLONISTS BY NO MEANS UNITED.
Pacificatory Tactics toward the English — Rumors of two American
Republics.
D'r Sir:—
Col. Clinton (James) & MrTappen returned two days ago with a
handson Draft of Hudsons River thro' the Highlands, and have
reported the Building a fortification on each side, the one to
contain 300 & the other 200 men — and also a proper place on the
East side of the river for a magazine. A copy of their Draft
on a small scale, & a Copy of their Report are ordered to be
transmitted to the New York Delegates, & are Ready.
With this you will receive a Letter of this day from Mr.
Tappen. On Tuesday last some of the Inhabitants took out of
the military baggage Carts three Chests of spare musketts (with-
out locks) & a Bag with about Twenty Locks, which have been
put into different hands.
The officers then ordered all the arms left at the Barracks to
be destroyed, & they were accordingly made the bottom [of] a
large fire pile by the soldiers who yet remained at the Barrack,
& the Barrells were afterwards broken & cut with axes.
Yesterday the provincial Congress made an order to restore
the arms taken out of the Baggage Carts, & have appointed a
Committee to see it done. Some of the Inhabitants are dissatis-
fied with the order. Our Congress says the former order from
your grand Body and Expanatory Letter from the Delegates
which attended it obliges them to see those arms restored.
As you can't write me any news, I will take the Liberty to
write you a little.
1st. Some time ago we heard a report that the Delagates of
200 Public Papers op G-eorgb Clinton.
several Southern Colonies sent to your Body, that if the Con-
gress would immediately proceed to consider & form some plan
of accommodation with Britain, those Gentlemen would depart,
and not appear again in Congress.
2d. We are lately informed that a Scheme of seting up two
grand Kepublics in America had been warmly agitated in your
Continental Congress; that all the New York Delegates (except
one) were warmly opposed to the measure; & Messrs. Duane &
Jay spoke with great spirit, a whole day in opposition to it.
We are also informed that the people of Philad'ia have made
Major Skeene* a prisoner on parole.
I have given you all the News my time will admit of at present.
Pray how long are you like to stay at Philad'ia? This I sup-
pose you may telL me.
I am yours affectionately,
John McKesson.
Sunday near Evening,
June 10th, 1775.
(To George Clinton.)
P. S. Messrs. (Alexander) McDougal & (Isaac) Sears & (Jacobus)
Vanzandt &c. have got from many hands 3 or 400 lb. of Powder.
The Presid't went to the Committee of Elizabeth iTown who de-
livered to him all they had and all they could get at Brunswick &
Woodbridge. .The whole won't exceed lb. 1,000 if so much & it is
forwarded by Land to the Camp of Massachusetts Army at Cam-
bridge and with the utmost secrecy. Some Powder should be got
for that Camp at Philad'ia with great secrecy.
* Philip Skeene, an English Major, established a settlement at the mouth of Wood
Creek in 1763, which he called Skeenesborough. Ten years later it numbered seventy-
three families, of which all were Skeene's tenants, with two exceptions. When Ethan
Allen surprised Ticonderoga, Captain Herrick with thirty men, had been detailed to
capture Skeenesborough. Herrick approached the place without detection and corralled
Public Papers of George Clinton. 201
[No. 63.]
A Batch of Domestic and Political 'News from Christopher Tappen*
D'rSir:—
Your Brother informed me that he had wrote to you the other
Day that we were appointed a Committee to go to the High Lands
in consequence of the Directions of your Board; we have accord-
ingly done so (as you will see by our Report and Survey ordered to
be transmitted to you) in a few Days; we did ourselves the
pleasure to pay a visit to our Friends at New Windsor where I
had also the Pleasure to see my Wife, Miss Gitty Wynkoop & Mr.
Gregg, all in good health; I cannot say that Catyf was as well
pleased as I was, for want of you. She rally thinks her Case as
hard as if you was in Europe, she offen repeated that you had been
absent all last Winter & now again for a great while and not
knowing when to Expect you, was imposing on her & her Family,
but you know the Disposition of all Weomen in such Cases; it will
therefore be needless to say anything more than that the Mother,
Caty, Cornelia & all the Family were well and desired me to let
you know so, with their Love. I doubt but you are so well ac-
quainted with the Charactars of this City that you are as well as-
sure as I am that altho' an appearance of a Reformation respect-
ing matters of Politicks they have but a faint resemblance of their
Liberties and are perhaps as far from the mark as last Winter, an
Instance of which I cannot omit to mention; a few Days ago Mr.
Scott moved that this Congress shou'd apply to yours for Lieve to
Dismantal the fort of this City or that we shou'd be invested with
power to do so whenever it was conceived Necessary for the Salva-
young Major Skeene, twelve negroes and about fifty other persons without the discharge
of a gun, the elder Skeene at the time being in Europe.
* George Clinton's brother-in-law.
t George Clinton's daughter Catharine. . ' .
202 Public Papers of George Clinton.
tion of the Inhabitants of this Town or to that Effect which motion
was streniously opposed & not decided yet. The very same Day
the Capt of the Asia, Men of War, turned his ship with her Guns
facing towards that Fortress.
I am surprized that some of thee Gen'n can be so weak as to
thinlc that they act in Cogg. to their advisaries any longer; some-
times they give the Highest assurances that this City will not be
molested by the British Troops and at other Times in matters of a
simular nature they do say, if we carry on so & so, this Town will
be destroyed; for my part I can see no medium in the conduct of
such Gen'n, in short it is plain to me, to offend a wicked and cor-
rupt Ministry is the Highest Crime in Nature, and if they were
Bold enough to say what perhaps they think and had power to
accomplish their Designs they would Break that strong Extensive
Chain of Union, in the Center, & let the parts sink to the Bottom.
But thanks be to God that this Chain now Expended over these
American Colonies; think ourselves able to take the Ends and
form a Circle therewith, so as to squise their very Guts out if
they have any. Time will not permit to Add more only this that
our County is Staunch in the Cause of Liberty which Adds to my
happiness, that the Irish & Orange Blood does still prevail there.
I am D'r Brother,
Yours affectionately,
Christ'r Tappen.
New York 10th June 1775.
P. S. Inc'd yours.
(Geo. Clinton, Esq.)
Public Papers of George Clinton. 203
[No. 64.]
MAKING WAE ON TORIES.
Seizure of Stores at Turtle Bay by a Connecticut Armed Sloop.
New York Exchange Room.
D'r Sir:— >
I thank you for your last Letter. It is now Eight o'Clock in the
Evinging; our Congress has sat since nine this morning.
One Angus McDonald who has been employed as an agent in en-
listing Highlanders to form a Battalion to join General Gage is
this moment sent off under a Guard of Genadiers to General
(David) Wooster's Camp.
Three members of this Congress with an officer & guard of
•Genadiers is gone to Richmond County to search the papers &
«eize the person (if to be found) of a person who is to be a Captain
in that Battalion [Alexander McDonald].
The Congress took Angus McDonald's affidavit* & examined
several persons who had given in their names to be listed in the
Battalion. Angus McDonald was seized & bro't up under a file
of musqueteers, but has made pretty full confessions. A Con-
* McDonald voluntarily made the following affidavit for the information of Congress:
" City of New-Yorkj ss.^Angus McDonald of this city, being duly sworn upon the
Taoly evangelists of Almighty God, deposeth and saith, that some time last fall this
deponent was at the tov>^n of Boston, and had a conversation with Major John Small,
upon the subject of raising a regiment in America; to serve against the inhabitants of
America in the present contest. That the plan laid for that purpose, was that such
-officers as are now on half-pay in the several Colonies should be promoted in conse-
quence of enlisting such persons as had formerly served as soldiers in this country.
That Major Small informed this deponent, that the deponent should be taken notice of
and promoted, if the scheme should take place: and mentioned to this deponent the
iDeing sutler to the regiment so raised. That this deponent then told him that he was
■not possessed of sufficient property to engage in that business, and therefore could not
accept of that; whereupon the said major told this deponent that he, the deponent,
should be taken notice of, if called upon. And this deponent further saith, that in con-
sequence of the plan so laid, a number of men have engaged themselves in the service,
but that they have not yet received any bounty money for their enlistment. And this
deponent further saith, that he verily believes many half-pay officers are acquainted
with the aforesaid plan. That the said plan can not take place without orders from
home; and this deponent believes that no such orders will be obtained: That Captain
Alexr. McDonald is also concerned in the said scheme, and hath corresponded with.
204 Public Papers of George Clikton.
necticut sloop full of armed men have last Sunday Evening or
rather Monday morning carried all the salt Peter & stores front
Turtle Bay. The Boats from the ships of war which pursued next
day came within a mile of her; but the drum beat to arms her
Crew got ready & the Boats then chose to return.
I am your affectionately,
J. McKesson.
June 14th, 1775.
(To George Clinton.)
[No. 65]
TOO LATE FOR GEN. GAGE.
Arrival of a transport -filled with troops the Day the Battle of
BunJcer Hill loas fought.
Saturday past 2 o'clock P. M.
June 17th 1775.
D'r Sir:—
Since the Dispatches from our Congress were closed & deliv-
ered to the Bearer hereof, Capt. Dobbs who now acts as one of
our City pilots is come up from Sandy Hook with a vessel & gave
me the following Information to wit:
That a Transport, a very large ship, and full of soldiers, is
at the Hook, that she waits for a wind to proceed to Boston, &
Major Small on that subject. That this deponent had seen and read one of the said
Major Small's letters, to the said AlexandeT McDonald, which letter came by the Asia
man of war. That one encouragement held up to those soldiers who should enlist, was,
that they should have each of them one hundred acres of land when the troubles in
America should be over. That the deponent does not believe any men are engaged in
the county of Albany, because that there is no person there to engage them. That thi»
deponent is unwilling to serve against his countrymen and fellow-subjects in America
and is sorry the disturbances have risen to so great a height. And further this deponent
saith not.
Angus McDonald.
Sworn this 14th June, 1775, before me.
John McKesson, Noty. Pub."
The same day Congress received information that six regiments had embarked from
Ireland for Boston and four regiments for New York.
Public Papers of George Clinton. 205
Expected to sail from the Hook this afternoon; that she is part
of the second fleet of Transports from Ireland, and left Cork five
weeks yesterday, destined for New York, but is now proceeding
to Boston in pursuance of orders delivered by the Mercury man
•of war at the Hook. That this vessel has on Board a person who
is sent out as agent for the said Troops and a stewart or Deputy
Agent. That this ship is a prime sailer & parted with the other
ships who sailed in company four weeks ago. Capt. Dobbs says
he does not know the name of the vessel, but that it is not the
old Spry mentioned in the Dispatches from our Congress. Capt.
Dobbs says that the Chief mate of this ship & the Deputy Agent
informed him that the first fleet of Transports from Ireland
(destined for Boston) sailed nine or ten days before this ship, that
the light horse were in that fleet; that the fleet which had been
destined for New York, of which this ship was apart, had about
26 or 2700 men on Board, besides ofiQcers, as he understood.
When these Troops all arrive at Boston Genl. Gage will have
12000 men. I wish the Massachusetts men may not be so forward
:as to risque too much. A Defeat in any short time will ruin us —
by Delay we gather Strength everywhere, particularly here.
And Delay there, will not help General Gage but give time to
harrass him.
The Express mounting at the Tavern where I write I can't add
But that
I am yours affectionately,
John McKesson.
3 o'clock P. M. June 17th.
George Clinton, Esquire.
206 Public Papers of George Clinton.
[No. 66]
Mr. MgKESSON IS IMPATIENT.
He Bails at Delays, Criticises Operations and Appeals for Bounties
for the Troops.
D'r Sir:—
'Tis not in my power to write you any news. I liave not Time.
I wish in your great wisdom you could allow N. York Troops to
be cloathed — without it they will look like Ragamuffins & be
in fact not so good, as cloathing and a little Bounty would induce
better men to enlist.
It is now the 24th June and tho' you met 10th May the Con-
tinental money (without which we can't raise Troops) is not
made You detain the Greneralissimo for Instructions j.
while the Massachusetts Sons of Freedom are perhaps cut ta
pieces for want of his Aid. Pray don't these things seem as if
you were very slow, even making allowance for the necessary
Delays in all popular Bodies or modes of Government. Send
your General — instruct him afterwards.
With submission how can your house think ten thousand men
enough to be employed to the Eastward? 5000 might do in this^
Colony at present, but will ten thousand be sufficient to defend
Massachusetts ag't General Gage's Fleet & Army? Your
Brothers are well. Our Committee for the arrangem't of the
Troops have bro't in their Rejjort. Tents are made for 1500 men^
«& materials ready for as many more & they will soon be made.
We have agreed with Robt. Boyd for 100 musquets.
I am, yours affectionately,
J. McK.
Saturday P. M. June 24th '75.
George Clinton Esq'r.
P. S. James Clinton is to be Colonel of one Battalion of N. Y.
Troops.
Public Papers op George Clinton. 207
[No. 67]
SYMPATHY FROM BERMUDA.
Fear of Famine and British Cruisers Renders the People of the
Island Circumspect.
My dear Sir: —
Notwitlistanding several Years have elapsed since I have been
favored with a Line from you, yet learning that you are at Phila-
delphia in the distinguished Caraeter of a member of the Con-
tinental Congress, on whose Wisdom all America relies for
Redress of the manifold Grievances it labors under; and for
Deliverance from the multiplied oppressions crnelly heaped on
it by the Folly and Bigotry of a corrupt ministry ; I cannot help
doing myself the Honor of renewing an acquaintance, which,
during my Stay at New York, was peculiarly dear to me; and
the Remembrance of which is too deeply impressed on my mind
to be effaced by the ocean that rolls between us or by any Length
of Time. Future ages will view with admiration «& applause the
unparallelled Wisdom and virtue of the noble Americans while
they jperuse the faithful Page of the present Aera.
Many Circumstances concur in rendering us, in Bermuda,
passive Spectators on this critical occasion. Our Lands afford
us Provisions scarcely sufficient for two months' subsistence in
a year and our Island is so difficult of access, but in a few
places that it would be in the power of a few Cruizers to starve us
were they disposed to do it tho' the Ports of the Continent were
open and free. Our Consequence, beside in the American system
of Politics is too inconsiderable to promise any accession of
weight to your measures were we publicly to interfere. We
really wish well to your Cause; and this is all Prudence will
permit us to say.
We are greatly alarmed, and not without sufficient Reason, at
208 Public Papers of George Clinton.
the dismal Prospect which daily opens to our view. Famine
stares us in the Face; and our Condition must be truly miserable
if the Ports on the Continent are shut and no Permission given
us to import Provisions for our Consumption. To obtain this our
Inhabitants have chosen Deputies to apply to the Congress in
their Behalf^ and our address goes by this vessel under Cover to
Benjamin Franklin and John Dickinson, Esquires. Our Eyes
are fixed on you for Relief, and on your Deliberations will depend
the Pate of near fourteen thousand Souls. That Humanity and
universal Philanthropy which breathe through the whole of your
Proceedings induces us to hope that our application will meet a
favorable Reception. I must entreat the favor of you to patronize
it. You will by this means confer an eternal obligation on our
little Island and immortalize your own memory. I am in Hopes
to be able to furnish you with the minutes of our meeting of
Deputies by this vessel. But should I be disappointed you may
expect them by the next Conveyance. For which Purpose I beg
you will be pleased to name some Persons at Philadelphia and
New York to whom I may enclose my Letters in Case you may
be set out for your Seat at Ulster.
I am, Dear Sir, very respectfully.
Your most obedient humble Servant,
Geo. Bascome.
Bermuda, June 30th, 1775.
(George Clinton).
[No. 68.]
George CUnton introduces Mr. White, of New Jersey, to Gen. Wash-
ington.
D'r Sir:—
This will be delivered to you by Mr. White, the Son of Anthony
White Esq'r of New Jersey a Gentleman of Character in that
Public Papers of Gteorge Clinton. 209
Province for whom I have the greatest Regard. Inspired with
Love for our much injured Country he now vissits your Camp to
offer his Service as a Vollenteer in the Army under your Com-
mand. And as his Character stands high as the Gentleman &
Patriot, I doubt not but his Merrit will entitle him to your
Friendly notice & attention which I now take the Liberty of
solliciting in his Behalf & shall ever esteem as Favours conferred
on
Your most Obed't Serv't,
Geo. Clinton.
4th July 1775.
[No. 69.]
WASHINGTON AS COMMANDER-IN-CHIEF.
List of Subordinate Generals — Estimated Population of the Several
Colonies.
Resolved, unanimously that George Washington Esq'r be &
he is hereby appointed General & Commander in Chief of the
Forces of the United American Colonies embodied for the De-
fence of their Properties & preservation of their Liberties, and
that the Officers & Soldiers thereof pay due Obedience to him
as such accordingly.
(The motion to appoint Washington Commander in Chief was
made June 14, 1775 and was passed June 15. His commission i»
dated June 19, 1775.)
List of Generals.
Seth Pomroy (Seth Pomeroy)
Rich'd Montgomery
David Worster (David Wooster)
Wm. Heath
14
210 Public Papers of George Clinton.
Joseph Spencer
Thomas (John Thomas)*
John Sulivan (John Sullivan)
Nath'l Green (Nathanael Greene).
Population of the several colonies.
New Hampshire 100,000
Massachusetts Bay 350,000
Rhode Island 58,000
Connecticut 200,000
New York 200,000
New Jersy 130,000
Pensylvania 300,000
Delaware 30,000
Maryland 250,000
Virginia 400,000
North Carolina 200,000
South Carolina 200,000
2,418,000
818,000 for 4 Colonies below 200,000 adding all that is over
200,000 in the others.
D'r Sir:—
The Ulster Orange & Kings members of our Congress yester-
day Evening desired I would mention by a Line to you & Mr.
♦John Thomas was born in Marshfield, Mass., in 1725, died near Montreal, Canada,
June 2, 1776. He was educated as a surgeon, and saw service on the medical staff of
General William Shirley in 1747. He was transferred from the staff to the line, and in
1759 was promoted Colonel and served in Nova Scotia. A year later he commanded a
regiment under General Jeffery Amherst at Crown Point, and was present at the cap-
ture of Montreal. He then returned to the practice of medicine.
At the outbreak of the Revolutionary War he raised a regiment of volunteers and on
February 9, 1775, was appointed a brigadier general by the Provincial Congress. A
grave injustice was done him in the matter of promotion, and he resigned his commis-
sion, but through the influence of General Washington and Charles Lee, a resolution!
Public Papers of George Clinton. 211
(Henry) Wisner that they desired Mr. Hazard might be appointed
postmaster — tho' for want of numbers they could not vote.
How proper this Line is I submit to you. If it is improper
you will please to excuse
Your most humble serv't,
John McKesson.
July 27th.
George Clinton Esq'r.
[No. 70.]
As to Certain Military Appointments.
D'r Sir:—
The recommendation of a deputy adjutant General or Brigade
Major by your Brother Delegates gave some Embarasment.
Our Congress tho't of John Lasher, Mr. (Edward) Fleming &
Mr. (William) Duer; they appointed the Latter with the rank
of Colonel.
If a Brigade Major is still wanted they give the nomination ta
you & your Brother Delegates without any voice of theirs; if
he is a good officer you will have the Credit of it; if not this
house will not have the Blame.
was passed through Congress, giving him precedence of all brigadiers in the army.
Thomas returned to his command.
In his letter to the president of Congress, July 10, 1775, Washington wrote:
" General Thomas is much esteemed and earnestly desired to continue in the service;
and as far as my opportunities have enabled me to judge, I must join in the general
opinion that he is an able, good officer and his resignation would be a public loss. The
postponing him to Pomroy and Heath whom he has commanded^ would make his con-
tinuance very difficult, and probably operate on his mind, as the like circumstance has-
done on that of Spencer."
He commanded a brigade during the siege of Boston, and on the evening of March
4, 1776, with three thousand men carrying intrenching tools, he took possession of
Dorchester Heights where ho erected a strong line of works before morning. His
activity and energy in this particular forced the British to evacuate Boston March 17,
1776. For this service he was commissioned Major General.
The following year he was charged with the command of the troops in Canada — after
Montgomery's death. The force was altogether inadequate to meet the enemy, and h©
was forced to retreat. Before reaching Chambly, he was stricken with smallpox, with-
fatal results.
212 Public Papers of George Clinton.
Please to bring me two or three pair of very darkest couloured
thread stockings, Philad'ia make and the smallest men's stock-
ings. A copy of the address to the people of England & of the
Congress Declaration of War (as it called) printed in a pamphlet
form.
I am affectionately &c.,
John McKesson.
July 31st.
Oeorge Clinton Esq'r.
[No. 71.]
Oeorge Clinton Introduces Maj. Hampton to Col. Thomas Mifflin.
(Aug. — 1775.)
Dear Sir: —
The Bearer Major Hampton of Elizabeth Town is an Old Ac-
quaintance of mine whose warm Friendship for the Cause of
Liberty induces him to visit your Camp. I take the Liberty
therefore of recomending him to your Friendly Notice.
Your most Obed't Serv't,
Geo. Clinton.
I am now on my way to Philadelphia from whence I promise
myself the Pleasure of writing you.
[No. 72.]
A Flash of Private Business.
Wilmington Sep'r 30th 1775.
Dear Sir: —
I can hardly expect, since you wrote me last that it has been
in your power to have transacted any Business for me as I know
that you have been much engaged in what was of more Impor-
Public Papers of George Clinton. 215
taDce; however I hope your late Vacation has permitted you to
do something in my affairs with Watty. I ree'd a letter from
him lately, but says little of Business only the lot of Land adjoin-
ing him has put out to be improved; wish you could get a Con-
veyance of it from him for me ; there is also Parent & Sweetman's
Bond; pray my D'r friend try if you Can get them to discharge
it; if you should be successful in gett'g the Money please pay of
all that I owe in New York & if any remaining, put it out to Int.
In Y'r last you mentioned some Proposals of Settlement v/ith
Watty, which were very agreeable to me, & if so Him, I can see
nothing that Can prevent an amicable settlement, which I sin-
cerely wish. I want nothing but what am Intituled to. The
10th last June Mrs. DuBois was delivered of a son; both are well;,
she desires to be kindly remembered to you & Mrs. Clinton.
Pray be so good as to forward the Inclosed to Mr. Denning in
N. York & you'll much oblige him who is with sincere wishes-
for your felicity,
Y'r most Obed't hum'le Serv't,
John DuBois.
Excuse haste.
(George Clinton, Esq.).
214 Public Papers of George Clinton.
[No. 73.]
Congratulations for George Clinton's Recovery from Illness*
I bless God, my dear Friend, for the Prospect of your Recovery
.& intend very shortly to visit you my Family preparing to set
out for Haverstraw where I shall continue till the middle of
next month. I wish you may be able with Mrs. Clinton to come
and spend a week with us. I shall receive you as risen from the
grave.
There ig a Letter from Gamble in Canada to Sherill at Boston
intercepted, by which there is clear Proof of the Resolution of
the Canadians to suppoirt the Confederacy of the Provinces;
many other Letters to the same Purpose; and yesterday Robert
R. L. writes that an Officer of Montgomery's was at the Manor
on his way to N. E. [New England] & said that Col Prescot
offered 24 ult. to surrender if he might march out with his
•Cannon to Montreal but that it was refused. If the Canadians
were not with the Collonies in Majur the Provincials would have
been expelled before this day. Great confusion & wrath in Eng-
land on the news of 17 June. Adieu. Don't venture out un-
guardedly before your Health is established. Our Compl's to
Mrs. Clinton & Family.
Yours ever,
W. S.
10 Oct.
* Foot-note by editor of MSS. written on the back of the above letter:
" When this letter was filed the year ' 1776 ' must have been written by mistake.
Gen. Clinton's severe sickness was in 1775. In Sept. & Oct. 1776, we know that he was
not only in full health, but in active & arduous duty at & about New York. For fur-
ther evidence see letter of D. Wynkoop, Kingston^ Oct. 5. 1776, referring to Gen. Clin-
i;on's sickness ' last year.' "
Public Papers of George Clinton. 215
[No. 74.]
Another Letter Relating to the Same Suhjeot.
[ 1775?]
My dear Friend: —
As your late Illness filled me with tbe most painful apprehen-
fiions it is with the greatest Pleasure I now hear of the Hopes of
jour Recovery. I congratulate you upon the Prospect and most
sincerely bless God for his mercy and pray for your perfect
Restoration to your Health and Usefulness. It must be a great
satisfaction to you. I am sure it afforded me the most singular
Pleasure, to discover the Interest you have in the Esteem of the
Public by the manner in which People allowed themselves when
most men imagined from our accounts that you had taken Fare-
w^el of this vain & anxious Life. For God's sake be mindful of
the old Rule of not getting well too fast. In your weak state
after such an exhausting Dissease you must be more careful of
jourself than I know you will incline to be; attend to nothing
but your own Case. You are too low to bear the least Relapse.
The Bearer who understands that you are to defend the Suit I
^brought for him has been down to push on his Cause & file the
Bail Bond but I have made him easy till the Spring & it will
suffice if Bail is in any Time during the winter. Give yourself
therefore no concern about the matter till you are up again. My
Respects to Mrs. Clinton & the Family in whose Joy we all take
SL very tender Part.
I am most afi'ectionately yours,
Wm. Smith.
(George Clinton, Esq.).
1776.
[No. 75.]
(Shopkeeper's bill of parcels. No 75 omitted. Dec. 7, 1775).
216 Public Papers of G-eorge Clinton.
[No. 76.]
THE MILITIA APPEARS ON THE SCENE.
Gen. Clinton Complains to Gen. Heath of Lack of Provisions and
Conduct of the Enemy.
Eamapough 1st January 1776.
Dear General: —
I have been greatly distressed since you left this Quarter j
when I arrived at this Port I found there was not a sufficient
supply of Provisions. The Commissary had not been notified of
our coming & of Course provided only for the ordinary Number
of the Garrison. This & other Causes too tedious to mention
greatly Disgusted the Militia & occasioned many to go home
much displeased.
A Number of the Eneiny soon after arrived at Hackensack^
amounting to between 5 & 800 consisting of Regulars & Bush-
kirk's Regiment, imprisoned & otherwise insulted the few
Friends we left there, and soon after came up to Pyramus,
plundered some of the Inhabitants of that Place & took the
Hoppers & others of that Neighbourhood who are now comfined
in Hackensack Goal, & have since committed many Acts of
Cruelty on the Inhabitants. I keep out large patrolling Parties
every Night in that neighbourhood for the Protection of the
Inhabitants, but the Enemy have so good Intelligence of our
thoughts & every Motion that it is beyond my Power to give
Protection to the well disposed Inhabitants in any other way
than by routing the Enemy from their present Quarters which
I have hitherto not had strength to attempt with a probabillity
of success.
The Militia are now however daily returning with spirit to
their Duty & had I only a Couple of Field Pieces I flatter myself
Public Papers of George Clinton. 217
1 shou'd be able to drive the Eebels out of this Quarter of the
Country. I begg therefore, my Dear Sir, that you will be good
enough to order Capt. Bryan & Lieut. Jaickson to join me with
the two field Pieces assigned to my former Brigade in which
Case I have no Keason to doubt but that I shall be able to attack
those paricides with success; at all Events I dare be answerable
for the safety of the Artillery. If you indulge me in this Re-
•quest, the sooner the greater probabillity of success. I am with
Compliments of the season & due Respect
Your Affectionate Humble Serv't
Geo. Clinton.
I have certain Accounts just now rec'd that the Enemy are
^00 (?) strong; on Sunday they had no Artillery but have sent
for Three Pieces.
[No. 77.]
Ge7i. Clinton Spurs Col. De Witt.
New Windsor 9th Jan'y, 1776.
Sir:—
It gives me great Concern to hear that (altho' the Congress have
■appointed you & other Gentlemen Field Officers of a Regim't to be
formed in the Northern End of Ulster County) not one Company
is yet imbodied. The season is approaching when in all proba-
"bility you may be called upon to defend your County ag't the At-
tacks of a Tyranical ministry and it will reflect great Dishonour
on a County so forward in every other Respect in tho Cause of
Liberty to be found so extremely negligent in so important a Mat-
ter. You'll therefore not fail to exert yourself in filling up your
Hegim't with all speed agreable to the Directions of the Congress.
I am
Your Most Humble Serv't,
Geo. Clinton.
218 Public Papers of George Clinton.
[No. 78.]
Colonel Greaton Instructed on the Manner of Quartering Troops.
Pouglikeepsie 24th Jan'y 1776.
Sir:—
There are great Complaints made by the Inhabitants of Albany
that the Soldiers are quartered on them while the Barracks, suffi-
ciently commodious for the Reception of the greater Part of them,,
stand Empty. Every Distress of this Kind greatly Injures the
Cause in which we are engaged. I entertain to high «& Oppinion,
of your good sense & Prudence to doubt, therefore, but on Receipt
herewith the present Cause of Complaint will be removed by your
ordering into the Barracks such Part of the Soldiery as can be
conveniently accommodated therein; nor but that every specious-
.of Injury to the Inhabitants will as far as in your Power to pre-
vent be avoided.
I am Sir,
Your most Obed't Serv't,
(George Clinton)..
Col. Creeghton.*
[No. 79.]
Original Return of Election of George Clinton and Charles DeWitt
as Delegates from Ulster County to Provincial Assemhly.
This Indenture made the sixth Day of February in the six-
teenth year of the Reign of our Sovereign, Lord George the
Third, by the Grace of God of Great Brittain, France and Ire-
land, King Defender of the Faith &:c., Between Thomas Colden,,
Esq'r., High Sheriff, of the County of Ulster of the one Part,.
and Derick Wynkoop Esq'r, Christopher Tappen, Johanni»
Johnson, Esq'r, Cadwallader Colden Jun'r Esq'r, William Jack-
*The officer here alluded to is undoubtedly Col. John Greaton of the Third Massa-
chusetts lino.— State Historian.
Public Papers of George Clinton. 21^
son, James McBride and Jonathan Hasbrouok of the other part,.
Principal Freholders of the County of Ulster aforesaid, WIT-
NESSETH that on the Day above written are Elected and
Chosen by Plurality of Voises of the Freeholders of the said
County of Ulster, George Clinton and Charles DeWitt Esqrs.
two able and sufficient Freeholders of said County, to Eepre-
sent the said County, to Assist His Majesty's Captin General
and Commander in Chief of the Province of New York, on
Wednesday the foreteenth Day of February, Inst., in a General
Assembly.
IN WITNESS wherof the Parties abovementioned have here-
unto Interchangably set their Hands and seals the Day and year
first above Written.
Signed and Sealed
in the Presence of
Corn. E. Wynkoop &
Oke Sudam
Thomas Colden Sheriff (seal)
D: Wynkoop Jun. (seal)
Christ: Tappen (seal)
Johannis Jansen Sec'y (seal)
Cad'r Colden Jun'r (seal)
William Jackson (seal)
' * James McBride (seal)
J. Hasbrouck (seal)
[No. 80.]
Form of Mortgage — JoJin Belknap to George Clinton.
This INDENTURE, made the twentysixth Day of Februarr
in the Year of our Lord one thousand seven hundred and seventy
220 Public Papers of George Clinton.
six, BETWEEN John Belknap of the Precinct of New Burgh,
in the County of Ulster, in the Province of New York, Yeoman,
of the one Part, & George Clinton, of the Precinct of New Wind-
sor, in the County of Ulster, aforesaid, Esquire, of the other
Part WITNESSETH: That the said John Belknap, for and in
Consideration of the Sum of Eighty five Pounds, lawful Money
of New York to him in Hand paid, by the said George Clinton
at and before the Ensealing and Delivery of these Presents,
the Receipt whereof the said John Belknap doth hereby con-
fess and acknowledge, he the said John Belknap, HATH granted
bargained, sold, aliened, released and confirmed, and by these
Presents, DOTH grant, bargain, sell, alien, release and confirm,
unto the said George Clinton, in his actual Possession now be-
ing by virtue of a Bargain and Sale to him thereof made for
one whole Year by Indenture, bearing Date the Day next be-
fore the Day of the Date of these Presents, and by Force of
the Statute for transferring of Uses into Possession, and to his
Heirs and Assigns forever, All those two Lotts, and one half
Lott of Land situate in the Precinct of New Burgh, in the
County of Ulster, aforesaid, as they were run out by Cadwall-
ader Colden, and are known & distinguised by the Names of
Lotts Number Thirteen, Sixteen and the equal westerly half
of Lott Number Seventeen, which said Lott Number Thirteen,
Begins at the Northerly Corner being a Small white Oak with
Stones about it and from thence runs westerly along the Line
of Lott No. 14 until it comes to Lott No. 9, it being a Heap of
Stones, Then Southerly along Lott No. 9, and No. 8, until it
comes to No. 12, to a small Wallnut, and a Heap of Stones
a^bout it, Then Easterly along the Line of Lott Number 12, to a
Swamp White Oak and a Heap of Stones about it, Then North-
Public Papers of George Olinton. 221
erly along the Line of Lott No. 17 To the Place of Beginning.
And the said Lott Number Sixteen, Begins at Swamp White-
Oak at the North westerly Corner thereof, and from thence
runs Southerly along the Line of Lott No. 12 to a Wallnut Tree
with Stones about it, standing in the Line of the Patent, Then
Easterly along the said Line of the Patent until it comes to
Lott No. 20, Then Northerly along the Line of the said Lott
No. 20, until it comes to Lott No. 17 To a Heap of Stones, Then
westerly to the Place of Beginning. And the said Westerly,
one equal half Part of Lott Number Seventeen, Begins at the
Northerly Corner thereof, at a small White Oak Tree with
Stones round it, and from thence runs westerly along the Line
of Lott No. 18 until it comes to Lott No. 14 To a Stake and
Heap of Stones, Then Southerly along the Said Lott Number
14 and the Lott No. 13, until it comes to Lott No. 16 to a Swamp
White Oak Tree with Stones about it. Then Easterly to a Bass
Wood Tree with Stones about it. Then Northerly a direct Course
to the Place where the Half Lott first began ; The said Two Lotts
and a half of Land above described Containing four hundred
and ninty one Acres With the Rights, Members, and Appur-
tenances, thereof, (excepting out of the Bounds and Limits afore-
said Eight Acres and three Quarters of an Acre of Land which
Thomas Belknap the Elder formerly conveyed to Morgan Powell,
as the same was surveyed by Jonathan Hasbrouck, And except-
ing also out of the Bounds & Limits aforesaid One Hundred
Acres of Land conveyed by the said John Belknap to Thomas
Hageman); And all the Houses, Out Houses Buildings, Or-
chards, Gardens, Lands, Meadows, Feedings, Trees, Woods, Un-
derwoods, Ways, Paths, Waters, Water-Courses, Easements,
Profits, Commodities, and Advantages, Hereditaments, and Ap-
222 Public Papers of George Clinton.
purtenances, whatsoever, to the said Lotts and one half Lott
of Land above mentioned, & described, belonging or in any
wise appertaining (excepting as is before excepted) ; AND ALSO
the Eeversion and Eeversions, Eemainder and Remainders
Eents and Services of all & singular, the said Premises, above
mentioned and of every Part and Parcel thereof, with the Ap-
purtenances (except as aforesaid); AND ALSO, all the Estate
Eight, Title, Interest, Claim and Demand whatsoever of him
the said John Belknap of, in, and to all and singular, the said
Premises above mentioned, and of, in, and to, every Part and
Parcel thereof with the Appurtenances; TO HAVE AND TO
HOLD, all and singular, the said two Lotts and one equal Half
Lott of Land, Hereditaments, & Premises, above particularly
mentioned, & described, and every Part & Parcel, thereof, with
the Appurtenances, (except as is hereinbefore excepted), unto
the said George Clinton, his Heirs, and Assigns, To the only
proper Use & Behoof, of the said George Clinton, his Heirs, and
Assigns forever; PEOVIDED, always and these Presents, are
upon this express Condition: That if the said John Belknap,
Tiis Heirs, Executors, Administrators or Assigns, shall and do
well and truely pay or cause to be paid unto the said George
Clinton, his Executors, Administrators, or Assigns, the Just
and full Sum of Eighty five Pounds, Current Money of New
York with lawful Interest for the same on or before the twenty
fifth Day of February, now next ensuing, the Date of these
Presents, Then and from thenceforth, these Presents and every
Clause Article and Thing herein contained, shall cease deter-
mine and be utterly void, any Thing herein contained to the
Contrary in any wise notwithstanding. But, in Case Default
shall be made in the Payment of the said Eighty five Pounds,
Public Papers of George Clinton. 223
and the lawful Interest thereof, or any Part thereof, at the Time
hereinbefore limitted, for the Payment of the same, Then and
in such Case the said John Belknap doth by these Presents,
nominate, constitute, appoint and impower the said George
Clinton, his Executors, Administrators, and Assigns, his true
and lawful Attorney, and Attornies with full power & Author-
ity to grant, bargain, sell, and convey in Fee simple. All & sin-
gular, the said tw^o Lotts and one equal half Lott of Land,
Hereditaments, and Premises above particularly mentioned and
described, & hereby granted (except as is hereinbefore excepted)
at public Auction or Vendue; & good & suificient Deeds of Con-
veyance to make, seal & execute for the same to the highest
bidder, therefor, agreable to the Directions of a certain Act
of the Legislature of the Colony of New York entitled " An
Act for the more effectual Kegistry of Mortgages and for secur-
ing the Purchasers of mortgaged Estates" in such Case lately
made and provided; And to retain & keep in his or their Hands
so much of the Money which shall arise by such Sale, as will
fully pay off the said Eighty five Pounds; The Interest that
shall be thereon due, And the Costs and Charges attending
such Sale, And the Overpluss, (if any there shall be), to Return
to the said John Belknap, his Executors, Administrators, or
Assigns; And the said John Belknap for himself, his Heirs,
and Assigns, doth covenant and grant to, and with the said
-George Clinton, his Heirs, Executors, Administrators and As-
signs that such Sale & Conveyance so to be made of the said
two Lotts & one equal half Lott of Land Hereditaments and
Premises above mentioned & described, (except as is hereinbe-
fore excepted), by the said George Clinton, his Executors, Ad-
ministrators, or Assigns by Virtue hereof, shall be and forever
224 Public Papers of George Clinton.
remain an Entire & absolute Barr both in Law and Equity, to
and against him the said John (Belknap)* his Heirs, and Assigns^
and any other Person or Persons* claiming the same by, from
or under him them or any of (them)* WITNESS, whereof, the said
Parties have hereunto inter-[changeably]* set their Hands and
Seals the Day & Year first above written.
Sealed and delivered in the
Presence of John Belknap
Jas. Kernaghan
Mathew Dubois
Endorsement. (On back of Mortgage.) Eec'd on the Day of
the Date of the Within Indenture of Mortgage (of)* the within
named George Clinton the Sum of Eighty-five Pounds lawful
Money of New York being the Consideration Money in full therein-
mentioned.
Pr me John Belknap.
Witness present
Jas Kernaghan
Mathew Dubois
[No. 81.]
Limitations of a Court Martial.
Fort Constitution Febr. 29th 1776.
Sir:—
A Competent Number of Officers for the Court Martial Are
Conveaned here and the Eiver is so Closed with Ice that it Tis
Not Possable to Get the Barge Out, to Send for You, so we are
much Disappointed, Not ondly in Holding the Court, but in not
Haveing the Honer of Your Company; this Disappointment has
led Us into a minute Inquiery of the Kesolves of Congress and
*MSS. torn.
Public Papers of George Clinton. 225
Uppon Considering the 39th and 67th Artikles, We agree in
Oppinion, that them Artikies will apply so as to Jestify one as
Commander in Cheafe at this Post, to Call a Cort Marcial with
out Applying to the General; I therefore beg you would Consider
of the Matter and if We Can set, You will give us Directions by
the Bairer, but should you be of Oppinion that it Cannot be Held
with out your Presents I beg You will Engage a Petteauger and
Come Down so as to Land on the Back side of the Iseland where
you Can Land safe.
from Your Humble Servent,
Isaac NicolL
N. B. Colonel Balmer is here.
[No. 82.]
Col. NicolVs Reason for not Sending the Barge.
Fort Constitution Febr. 29 1776.
Sir:—
I have Gest Eeceived Yours, and shall send the Barge as soone
as the Weather Will Purmit; but at Present she is so Frose Up
that it Tis Not Possable to Get Hur Out.
from Your Humble Servent
Isaac NicolL
N. B. Their is 7 Officers Heare.
(To George Clinton.)
[No. 83.]
Iron for American Frigates under Construction at PoJceepsie.
Eingwood February 29th 1776.
Sir:—
Though personally unknown to you, yet I hope you will excuse
the trouble of this address, which is to beg the favour you would
15
226 Public Papbes of George Cl-inton.
reconimend the Bearer, Mr. Ambrose Gordon, to some proper
person in New Windsor, to take in Charge, Six Tons of Iron T
haye sent there, by order of Mr. Francis Lewis, Merch't N. York,
to be forwarded from' thence, by the first opportunity, to Messrs.
Samuel Tudor & Aug't Lawrence Superintendents, to the Ship-
building near Poughkeepsee.
My being totally unacquainted at New Windsor, and not hav-
ing received orders to deliver my Iron to the Care of any par-
ticular person there, makes an application of this kind necessary.
I am happy, therefore^, that on the Service of the Colonies, I have
this opportunity of applying to a Gentleman who has approved
himself a friend to their Rights; the only further apology that
shall be offered by
Sir
Your most hum'e Ser't
Robt. Erskine.
George Clinton Esqr. '■
[No. 84.]
Capt. Moffat makes Requisition for more Officers to Form a Court
Martial.
Blooming Grove Febr. 29th 1776.
S'r:—
I RecM your orders of yesterday, in consequence whereof I dis-
patched an Express to my Lieutenants who are attending accord-
ing to directions; should have attened [attended] myself undoubt-
edly but am unable by reason of a bad sore in my right Leg which
lays me by intirely for the Present, and my Ensign has not got
his Commission, being Chosen but Two days ago, occasioned by
a vacancy, on account of my late Ensign's being advanced to the
Public Papers of George Clinton. 227
Rank of a Lieutenant in the New Establishment (and now on
Recruiting orders). However, least there should not be a sufiQ-
cient Number of Officers to form a general Court Martial in the
present trial I thought it my duty to request the attendance of
Major Howell and Adjutant Woodhull, who I suppose are attend-
ing accordingly, but I have not seen either of .them, it being some
time in the Evening before your orders came to hand.
I am with the most profound Respect
Sir your most obedient and very Hum'e Servant,
Thomas Moffat.
(To George Clinton).
[No. 85.]
Relative to the Command in the Eighlands.
Goshen 5th of March 1776.
Sir:—
Some time after you Left Congress a Resolve past Signefying
that the person to Command the fortifycation in the highlands
should Bear the Rank of Coll, in Consequence of which four per-
isons have Recommended to wat Capt. Gxinnold, one Levingston,
and two other persons whoes names I have forgot; however for
perticular Reasons they ware not appointed, But the appoint-
ment put of and I Believe they will not Be appointed^ and as Mr.
Nicoll has an inclination to Continue in the Servis if you think
proper to Joyn me in a Recommendation of him to that office.
Pleas to Draw one and subscribe my name under yours.
I am Sir yours to Serve,
Henry Wisner.
(To George Clinton). •
228 Public Papers of George Clinton.
[No. 86.]
A question of Bank Leads Capt. De Witt to threaten Mutiny^
Little Britain mar. 9th 1776.
Sir:—
I Receivd A letter from Colonel McClaughry, to meet at the
iiouse of the Widow McCobson, on Friday the 8th Inst., in order
for Every Capt. in the Riggment to take Eank according to the
Date of their Commission, and if two or more was of one Date
to Ballot; which the Colonel purposed to them. But there was.
A majority of their Commissions of one Date and they Joind for
to Ballot for the whole.
Which I oppos'd, and told them, I would take place according
to the Orders purposed in the Colonel's letter above mentioned,,
but according to their Bequest the Colonelallow'd them to Ballot
against my will and Against his Inclination as he told me.
Sir, I have not Balloted with them; therefore I appeal to you
to Justify Me in Rank according to the Date of my Commission,,
if not I never will appear in the field with my Company.
Pray sir send me an answer as soon as possible; your Compli-
ance will very much oblige,
Sir, Your Humble Serv't, to Command,
J. R. D'Witt.
(To George Clinton).
[No. 87.]
Capt. John Grage also in a State of Rebellion.
Pougconsinck ye 22d March 1776.
S'r:—
I suppose you have been Informed, that I have Laid down my
Oommition ; I mean to serve my country as much as in my power,
but I will not be imposed upon by any man. They still continue
Public Papers of G-eorge Clinton. 229
to send me orders, which I refuse to obay^, and shall continue so
to doe, for I will never serve in the Millitia as an Officer, without
I get my place for I will not be twice superseded and still serve;
I cannot do it, I shoud rather suffer severe punishment, altho it
is not at all agreeable to me to ly still. I wou'd gladly exept of a
"commition that might be of more adventage to my country than
u Millitia captain, but there is so many soliciters already, that it
is almost needless for me to attempt any thing of that kind; but
if you could procure any thing of that sort I shoud acknoledge
at as a singular favour done to me who am
S'r, your most obedient and very Humble Serv't.
John Crage.
If you can think of any thing for me to doe in this case con-
distant with Honour I shou'd very obay any thing you should
recomend.
f(To George Clinton)
[No. 88.]
Col. McGlaghry Explains.
'Widdow Falls's 25th March 1776.
D'rSir:—
Your kind fav'r of this date, p'r Capt. Burns, was just now
lianded me; the contents of which I note. Am extreamly sorry,
that any complaints (relative to the Minute Men) should be
tabled against me; or that any misunderstanding should take
place that might retard the Public weal, But can assure you, it
was put [out] of my power to make any other return of the
Uegiment under my Command than what I have done. For^ in
•consequence of orders from you, I wrote to the several Captains
in my Regiment to make me returns agreeable thereto; which
230 Public Papers of George Clinton.
they have complied with; in which returns (which I have now to
produce) they have returned me 250 or upwards of Minute Men
in their several Oompainies, which somewhat exceeds the Quota
requisite from my Regiment; if in this matter they have not
done what is just and right, they are alone to answer for their
Conduct, but you, sir, will easily percive, it was out of my Power
to do any thing but in an agreeableness to the returns made me,
untill I receive Farther orders from you or the Congress relative
to this matter. Ann. much obliged to you, for the Friendship
exprest, belive me to remain with equal sincerity for your well-
fare, as I understand you are just about setting out for Con-
gress, sincerely wish you Health and prosperity with a safe
return to your Familey.
Mean while take the liberty to subscribe myself your
Much obliged and Very Humble Serv't,
James McClaghry.
(To Gen. Clinton.)
[No. 89.]
A Bill of Sale of Crops on the Ground.
Know all men by these Presents^ that I David Hamon, of New
Windsor, in Ulster County, and Province of New York, for and
in Consideration of the sum of Twelve Pounds Current money of
the Province of New York, to me in hand Paid by George Clinton
Esquire of the same Place, the Receipt whereof I do hereby
acknowledge, have Bargained, Sold, and Delivered, and by these
Presents, according to the due form of Law, do bargaine, Sell,
and Ddiver unto the said George Clinton^ one Equel Third Part
of Twelve Bushels, sowen of Wheat, now standing and Growing
on the Ground it being on the farm of Stephen Peit To have
Public Papers op George Clinton. , 231
and to Hold, the said Bargained Wheat unto the said George
Clinton, his Executors, and Administrators and assigns forever
and I the said- David Hamon for myself, my Executors and Admin-
istrators and Assigns shall and will, iWarrent and forever Defend,
by these Presents, the Aforesaid Bargained Wheat in Withness,
whereof I have hereunto set my hand and seale this Third Day of
May one Thousend seven Hundred and Seventhy six.
Sealed and Delivered [Seal] David Hamman.
in the Presence of
Corl. Osburn
Mathe-w Dubois.
[No. 90.]
George Clinton Requests Richard Van Wyclc to Account for Arms
taken ait St. Johns, Canada.
Sir: —
I herewith inclose you Genl. Washington's order* to me, to
make the necessary Inquiries relative to a Number of Arms he
was in-formed were in Mr. Wilsy's Store with the Baggage of
Officers taken at St. Johns & to secure the same. Agreable to
which I begg you will secure s'd Arms, as I am informed they
are removed from Mr. Wilsy's Store & are now in your Posses-
sion, and transmit to me as expeditiously as possible, the officer's
Name & Bank & where he now is, who stored them at Mr.
Wiltsy's ; The Number of Arms & every other Circumstance which
may come to your Knowledge respecting the same authenticated
by affidavits of the Facts where in your Power. And if it shall
appear that he has in this Eespect violated the Articles of
Capitulation, I woud advise in such Case he be secured from
escaping until the Pleasure of Congress shall be knov/n as to his
♦Not found.
232- Public Papers of, George Clinton.
Conduct. You'l please at the same Time to return me the in-
closed Order. I am your
Most O'bed't Serv't,
Geo. Clinton.
Fishkill 4th May 1776.
To Rich'd Van Wyck Esq'r Chairman of the Committee of Rum-
bout Precinct in Dutchess County.
[No. 91.] ;
George Clinton Explains tlie Episode to Gen. Washington.
New Windsor 5th May 1776.
Dear Sir: —
On my arival here I immodiatly went to Fishkill to make In-
quiery about the arms said to be stored at Capt. Wiltsy's. I find
that about a week ago, a certain Duncan Campbell, a Major in
the Ministerial Army, taken on Board the Enemy's Vessel at the
Mouth of the Sorrel, came to the Fishkill^ on Board of an Albany
sloop, landed there & put in Wiltsy's Store a number of Chests
and Trunks containing (as he said) Officers Bagage for which he
took a Rec't from Wiltsy. He had a pass from Genl. Schuyler
to go to Fredericksbupgh, in Dutchess County, with his Bagage,
which he shewed to Wiltsy & applied for assistance to take his
Chests i&ca., there, but being disapointed in getting Teems for
the Purpose, they lay some Days in the Store in which Time
some little Boys playing in the store discovered that one of the
Chests which had been nailed up & lashed with a Rope but had
partly got open, contained Fire x\rms of which they acquainted
Mr. Wiltsy who immediately Gave the 'Committee of the Precinct
Notice thereof. The Committee mett, opened that Chest, found
it contained 13 Officers' Pieces with a Paper fastened to each
Piece on which the owner's Name was written; 7 Broadswords
&some Pistols; then ordered that & the other Chests 9 in Number,
Public Papers of George Clinton. -238
to their Cliairman's House, about 10 Miles back in the Country_,
where they now are as yet unopened but from their extraordinary
weight it is likely they are all filled with arms. The Trunlcs
which contained Bagage only are not detained, I believe taken
away by Campbell. The Committee have appointed to meet i^
open the other Chests on Monday next & have summoned Camp-
bell to attend them. In this I fear they have been over prudent
for if Guilty he will fly for it. It is reported & I believe he has
already.
It will be out of my Power to attend the Committee to open the
Chests &c. on Monday as my Business calls me to Kingston that
Day which is forty Miles Distant. I have therefore sent the
Chairman your order to me, inclosed in a Letter of which I now
send you a Copy, and as he is an Active Man warmly engaged in
his Country's Cause I doubt not that every thing will be done as
well for the securing of the arms or Campbell if necessary, and
soon as I receive their Keport I will transmit it to you. Fred-
ericksburgh is a Neighbourhood in which many Scotch half pay
Officers (of course disaffected) live among the Rest. It was
mentioned in the Letter you shewed me, but I can't learn with cer-
tainty that he is gone off tlio it is said several Persons in that
Neighbourhood have lately absconded.
I am with the highest Esteem your
Most Obed't Serv't,
Geo. Clinton.
[No. 92.]
Qualifications Physical & Bloral Necessary for the Position of Post
Rider.
D'r Sir:—
A Certain Mr. Tompkins lately applied to me, to recommend
him to you as Post Rider, informing me at the same Time that
234 Public Papers of George Clinton.
upon his being able to procure such Recommendation from me
& some others in this County you would appoint him to that
Place. I had many Reasons for not signing any Paper in his
Favour, tho I knev*^ nothing against his general Character;
however I was not well enough acquainted with him to become
responsible for his Behavior in a Post (which tho not the highest)
in these Times of great Public Importance, nor did I believe
him to be the best Quallified Person that might offer, were it
known that you meant to discharge your Present Rider my opin-
ion of whom I need not now mention. Being well acquainted
with the Bearer Mr. Mathew DuBois who has for some Time
lived in this Neighbourhood & knowing him to be a sober in-
dustrious & capable Man, warmly attached to the Cause of his
Country & uniform in his Conduct, I thought it woud not only
be an Advantage to the Public but to the management of the
Post Office were he to consent to serve as Rider & you coud
consistently appoint him. I, therefore, took the Liberty of men-
tioning what I knew of the Matter & of advising him to offer
you his Service in that Capacity which he consented to & now
waits upon you for that Purpose. I mean not to urge his Ap-
pointment being convinced that you will readilly prefer the Per-
son of fairest Character & who is most likely to serve the public
best.
I am with Esteem your
Most Obed't Serv't,
(To Ebenezer Hazard.) Geo. Clinton.
[No. 93.]
Active Politics and Alleged Dishonesty in the Postal Service.
New York May 29th 1776.
Dear Sir,
Mr. Dubois has delivered me your Favor of yesterday. Upon
reading it I suspect Tomkins has led you into some mistake,
Public Papers of George Clinton. 235
which makes it necessary I should inform you of the true State
of the Case. Tomkins was a Rider under Case, who discharged
him, as he (Case) informs me, for Mai Practices with Respect to
News Papers. Being discharged by Case, & a little nettled by
it, he was going to ride as a Post to carry News Papers, & ap-
plied to me to employ him in carrying the mail; informing me,
at the same Time that Case had played Tricks with Letters,
having opened some while in the Service of the King's Office, —
that a great number of People on the Road were dissatisfied with
him for embezzling their News Papers, & had therefore employed
him (Tomkins) to carry them, — that they had declared they would
never send a Letter by Case, — & that he would carry the mail
for £200 p'r ann. which was £50 p'r ann. less than Case receives.
As his acco'tt contained Charges against Case for Crimes
which would justify me in discharging him, I thought it my Duty
to attend to it; & put Tomkins upon proving them; promising
him at the same Time that if he could get the Committee's
Recommendation (which he promised to do) & would prove the
Charges against Case, Iwould employ him. He is now engaged
in attempting the Proof. Case, hearing of it, has been counter-
acting him. He has got a Certificate from Mr. Foxcroft (the
late Post Master Genl.) that his Bond to the King's Office is dis-
charged, as he behaved with Diligence & Fidelity as a Rider, —
an Oath from somebody (I forget who) that (I think) Capt.
Giles & another Person attempted to intoxicate the Deponent,
& get him to swear Case had broke open a Letter, or ordered
him to do it, but that it was not done, & that Case had not only
not broken open any Letters, to the Deponent's Knowledge, but
had given him strict Orders not to do it or suffer any other
Person to do it; — & some Certificates against Tomkins.
236 Public Papers of Gtborge Clinton.
Thus stands the Matter at present. As Case has not beem
proved guilty, in any one Instance of Mal-Practices, I cannot
with Propriety discharge him; & yet I do not like the man; my
Opinion of him is formed from Hints dropped by People from,
your Way, but not one of them would be explicit: Mr. Dumond.
indeed spoke the plainest, but hfe chose to refer me to you. I
am much pleased with your Character of Mr. Dubois, & I likfr-
his Looks, & if you or other Gentlemen will enable me to dis-
charge Case by proving any Thing worthy of Dismission against
him, or if you & some other equally respectable Gentlemen will
send me a Certificate that you think his Continuance as a Eider
will prejudice the Continental Eevenue, as he is disagreeable-
to People on the Eoad, I will discharge him & employ Mr. Du-
bois.
The King of the nation at whose nod all Europe lately trem-
bled, has humbled himself so much as to beg 400 men of a petty
German Count & got them on Terms which a private Gentle-
man's Honor would be piqued at.
I am D'r Sir,
Your most obed't humb'e Serv't,
Eben Hazard..
P. S. Please to communicate this to Messrs. Boyd & NicolL.
To Gen. George Clinton.
[No. 94.]
Draft hy George Clinton of Letter of New York Delegates in Congress-
to New York Convention, as to the Appointment of Officers of the-
New Levies.
[June — , 1776.]^
Gentlemen,
We doubt not but before this you have received our Presi-
dent's Letter, informing you that this Congress have appointed
Public Papers of George Clinton, 237
^be Officers for the Regiment directed to be raised in our Colony
hj tbe Resolve passed on Friday last & then transmitted to you
tbe appointment of Officers for new Levies to be raised in
•a particular Colony; but as we conceive it contrary to tbe ordi-
nary Practice & may, therefore, be considered as in some Meas-
ure infringing on the Rights of the Colony we begg Leave (as
dfar as we are able) to explain the Reasons of Congress for
taking this Step & our Conduct therein. On Receiving the late
Intelligence from Canada respecting the Repulse of the Detach-
ment of our Army commanded by General Thompson at Three
Hivers «&;ca., The Dispatches containing this Account with the
-State of our Army in Canada were referred to the Board of
Warr, who the same Day reported the Necessity of reinforcing
our Army there With four Regiments, that to be raised in our
Colony to be one; to expedite the raising of which (the after-
wards reported)? an Arrangement of the Officers wasi also re-
jported & agreed to by Congress. We objected to this Measure
-& thought it our Duty to withold our Assent not only because
it wa^ introducing a new Precedent which might give Offence
iDut might interfere with Appointments which might probably
Jiave been made by you for the same Regiment in Consequence
-of the Former Resolve. The pressing Occasion & necessity of
Dispatch were urged to support the Measure and it was said
•as these Appointments were made of particular Persons who
had merritted by former Services, it interfered under no former
Itule; and if the Appointments should be confined to the Pro-
vincial Congress, it would only create unnecessary Delay as the
same Persons must of Course be appointed by them to answer
the Design & Meaning of this Congress expressed in their
former Resolve. We were persuaded, nay we are morally cer-
238 Public Papers of G-eorge Clinton.
tain, considering the Busy Season of the Year — ^which will en-
hance the Wages of Labourers & The Number of Militia now
in the Service, that this Regiment cannot be raised in Time to
answer the End for which it is designed. And, should our Af-
fairs in Canada, (which already wear a bad aspect) grow worse,
We apprehended, indeed We feared, that Delay tho unavoidable
& every Misfortune which may attend our Army in Canada for
want of a proper Reinforcement might by some he imputed to
our Colony notwithstanding their utmost Exertions to expedite
this (as we conceive) impracticable & innefectual measure. We
judged it however most prudent bearly to mention our Reasons
for witholding our Assent without making a more pointed &
Strenions Opposition to the Measure Thereby leaving the Col-
ony in such a Situation as not to incur any Blame on this Occa-
sion. We are &ca.
(Note on back of Mss. No. 94.)
Sullivan arrived at Sorel & took command of the American
forces in Canada, June 4, 1776. A note Vol. 3, p. 432, Spark's
Life & Writing, Washington says that two days after that, viz,
June 6th, he sent Gen. Thompson to Three Rivers, & by the
22nd June, W^ashington at N. Y. had rec'd the news of Gen.
Thompson's defeat & capture. The affair at Three Rivers oc-
curred probably about the 8th June. June 23 Washington sent
the news to Congress, where Gen. Clinton then was. Congress
promptly voted more troops for Canada. This letter must have
been written on or about the 25th June.
Public Papers of Gteorgb Clinton. 239
GENEEAL CLINTON EECOMMENDS MAJOR DUBOIS.*
Military Outlook in New York — Officers Seeking Promotion — The
Disaster in Canada.
Philadelphia, 25th June, 1776.
Dear Sir — On Friday last the Congress passed a resolve for
raising a regiment of Continental troops in our Colony, and al-
though the augmentation of the army appeared necessary, yet
the raising a whole regiment in the Colony of N. York at this time
might not (perhaps) have been ordered, were it not with a view
of providing for those ofificers who have much merit, from
reengaging in the service of their country last fall, after the sur-
render of Montreal, and continuing through a most fatiguing and
dangerous campaign in Canada during the winter.
Major Duboys is highly recommended to Congress as well by
the general officers as the committee who lately returned from
Canada, (as I am informed,) and I doubt not but he will be ap-
pointed colonel of the regiment, especially as rank as well as
merit entitles him to it. The Congress having heretofore left the
appoiiitment or recommendation of the officers of new levies with
the Provincial Congress, in which the same are raised, and being
therefore loath now to break through this rule, is (I am informed,)
the only reason why the officers to this regiment are not appointed
here. It will be wise, therefore, to take special care to make the
appointments so as to give no just cause of complaint by appoint-
ing the officers according to the rank they bear in the arrange-
ment made by General Montgomery at Montreal, on their reengag-
ing in the service until the 15th of April ultimo, except where
real and extraordinary merit, or the contrary, may warrant a de-
viation from this general rule.
*From the Journal of the Proceedings of the New York Provincial Congress.
240 Public Papers . of George Clinton.
Enclosed I send the arrangement made by General Montgomery
of the officers in my brother's regiment; and have noted such as
are already provided for in the regiment to be recruited in Canada
by Colo, Nicholson. I also enclose you a list of the officers in
Colo. Nicholson's regiment, as those who are already provided for
by appointments in that regiment, can have no pretensions to any
appointment or promotion in this, they having been provided for
while it was uncertain whether any more troops would have been
raised. General Montgomery's faith to his officers, also reen-
gaged in the service at Montreal, will not be kept unless the ap-
pointments in this regiment are made agreeable to this arrange-
ment, as thereby many officers acquired new and higher rank in
their respective regiments than what they had by the printed ar-
rangements made by Congress last summer. My reasons for men-
tioning this is, because your Congress may not have heard of such
new arrangement, and by taking up the old one might do injus-
tice to those who the Congress have in view more particularly
to provide for. Capt. Bruyn, I believe, is the oldest captain who
continued in Canada; and from my brother's character of him,
well deserves the post which his rank will entitle him to. He is
a young man of education and fortune, and bears an unblemished
character. I wish and believe young Piatt may be properly
provided for in this regiment; he was with Major Duboys and
Capt. Bruyn at Point Lacoy, at the engagement between our
people and a number of Canadians, in which the latter was de-
feated, and behaved well, as Major Duboys can testify.
We have just received the disagreeable intelligence from Can-
ada, of the defeat of part of our army under Genl. Thompson, and
of his being taken, &c. &c. which you must have had before it
reached us. We seem unfortunate in that quarter; but we must
Public Papers of George Clinton. 241
learn to bear the sound of bad as well as good news; indeed, it
would be unreasonable to expect the chance of war always in our
iavour.
We have nothing new here worth communicating ; whenever we
liave, you may expect to hear from me. I mean this scroll for my
friends Treadwell and Hubbel, as well as you, not having time to
write to either of them. My best compliments to them, and be-
lieve me to be
Yours, most affectionately,
Geo. Clinton.
P. S. Please to forward the enclosed to Mrs. Clinton. I can't
£nd any such stockings as you mentioned yet. I can get green
thread German Town stockings, but very dear. Will they do?
To John McKesson, Esqr.
EEINFOKCEMENTS FOR CANADA.*
'Gen. Clinton Disapproves of the Manner in Which Officers Were to
he Appointed for the New Regiment.
Philadelphia, 26th June, 1776.
Dear Sir — The enclosed I wrote yesterday morning, since which
the board of war reported the necessity of sending more troops
Into Canada to reinforce our army there, and among other things,
the necessity of immediately appointing the officers in the regi-
ment ordered to be raised in New York, that they might immedi-
ately set about recruiting the regiment; and at the same time
reported a list of the officers, taking them in rank as arranged
l3y General Montgomery at Montreal ; which report the Congress
Tiave confirmed, and made the appointments accordingly. I should
liave had no objections to this had it been done before the resolve
■^of last Friday, directing your Congress to recommend the officers
*From the Journal of the Proceedings of the New York Provincial Congress.
16
242 Public Papers of George Clinton.
for this new regiment, as in that case it might have saved you
from troublesome application and blame; but as that resolve was
transmitted to your Congress some time ago, at least three days,
and you may have proceeded to the appointment of new officers,
as thereby directed, I could not approve of this new step;
especially as I can not think it will much hasten the recruiting
the regiment, and at any rate, I think the recruits yet to be raised
can not be got ready in time to save Canada. However, I did not
choose strenuously to oppose a measure which many thought
essentially necessary. If it is wrong, we are not to blame. I have
not time to add any thing further, nor have I any thing new
worth communicating.
Yours affectionately,
Geo. Clinton.
THE FIEST ISSUE ON STATE'S IIIGHTS.*
Several Neiv York Delegates Take tJie Position that the State Bather
than the Federal Authorities Should Appoint State Regimental
Officers.
Philadelphia, 27th June, 1776.
Gentlemen — We doubt not but before this you have received
our President's letter, informing you that this Congress have
appointed the officers for the regiment directed to be raised in
our Colony, by the resolve passed on Friday last and then trans-
mitted you ; but as we conceive the appointment of officers by this
Congress for new levies to be raised in a particular Colony, is con-
trary to the ordinary practice, and may therefore be considered
as in some measure infringing on the rights of the Colony, we beg
leave, as far as we are able, to explain the reasons of Congress for
taking this step, and our conduct therein.
•Prom the Journal of the Proceedings of the New york Provincial Congress.
Public Papers of George Clinton. 24.H
On receiving the late intelligence from Canada, respecting the
repulse of the detachment of our army commanded by Gen.
Thompson, at Three Rivers, &c. the despatches containing this
account, with the state of our army in Canada, were referred to
the board of war, who, the same day, reported the necessity of
reinforcing our army there with four regiments, &c.; that to be
raised in our Colony to be one; to expedite the raising of which,
an arrangement of the officers was also reported and agreed to by
Congress. We objected to this measure, and thought it our duty
to withhold our assent, not only because it was, as we conceived,
introducing a new precedent which might give offence, but might
interfere with appointments which you might probably have made
for the same regiment, in 'consequence of the former resolves.
The pressing occasion and necessity of despatch were urged to
support the measure; and it was alleged that as these appoint-
ments were made of particular persons who had merited it by
former service, it interfered with no former rule; and even should
the appointments be continued to the Provincial Congress, it
would in this case only create unnecessary delay, as the same
persons must be appointed] by them to answer the design and
meaning of this Congress expressed in their former resolve. We
were persuaded, nay we are morally certain, considering the busy
season of the year, which will enhance the wages of labourers,
and the numbers of militia now in the service, that this regiment
can not possibly be raised in time to answer the end for which it
is more particularly designed; and should our affairs in Canada
grow worse, as we have reason to apprehend from present appear-
ances, we feared lest delay, though unavoidable, and every mis-
fortune which may befal lour army in Canada, for want of a proper
reinforcement, might by some be imputed to our Colony, notwith-
^44 Public Papers of George Clinton.
standing your utmost exertions to carry in execution this imprac-
ticable and, as we conceive, ineffectual measure. We judged it,
therefore, most prudent lonly to mention our reasons for with-
holding our assent, without making a more pointed and strenuous
opposition to the measure, thereby leaving the Colony in such a
-situation as not to incur any blame on this occasion.
We are, gentlemen.
With the highest respect,
Your most obedt. servts.
Geo. Clinton,
Fras. Lewis,
Wm. Floyd,
Henry Wisner,
John Alsop.
To the Honourable the Provincial Congress
of New- York.
[No. 95.]
IMPORTANCE OF HOLDING THE HUDSON.
-Discovery of the Tryon Tory Plot in 'New York City and what
followed.
New Windsor 3d July 1776.
:D'r Sir,
This serves to inform you that on the 25th Ulto. we had an
Election in every Precinct in this County for Delegates to Repre-
sent the same in Provincial Congress, the mode was by Ballot;
on the 27th two Persons from each Precinct Committee attended
at Mrs. Ann Du Bois's, where a fair arrangement of the Ballots
was made, and it appear'd that George Clinton, Charles De Witt,
Xevi Paulding, Christopher Tappen, Matthew Cantine, Matthew
Rea, Arthur Parks, and Henry Wisner, Jun'r Esqrs. were Elected
•by a large Majority for the purpose aforesaid.
Public Papers of George Clinton. 24:5--
Our accounts from the Northward are very disagreeable; I
trust in God, our troops will be able to miake a stand; so that our
Frontiers may not be exposed to the Ravages of the Enemy, who
are now Joyn'd by numbers of the savages, and seem to be
possess'd of more than savage Cruelty, if true that they murder'd:
numbers of our People in cool Blood after they were made
Prisoners. You know my opinion relative to the Fortifications
in the Highlands; still think they will answer no Valuable pur-
pose in the day of trial, sincerely wish I may be mistaken ; how-
ever think some other precaution should be taken, the mode
adopted in Phil'a appeared Rational and on trial proved success-
full; its a matter of the greatest Importance, the security of the-
North River, should the Enemy send a few small ships of war
into it, (which I think is neither Impossable or Improbable) so.
that our Navigation be stop'd, I need not enumerate to you the
consequences. Yesterday I was informed that all the Carpenters,
have Quit work on the Frigates at Poughkeepsie, the report is
on acc't of their wages being lower'd; if this report be true no
doubt the Honorable Congress have solid Reasons for it which
at present I cannot devise, but think now's the time that the
greatest Harmony should subsist, and that labour undone may^
be of much worse consequence than giveing a little Extra wages.-
In times of Public commotion there will allways be a shifting of
Property that's very visible. But (as I have often mentioned to-
you) I cannot see that the differance is very great as to the Public
welfare, who are in Possession of it, nay I think its much better
shifted out of the hands of Numbers (who now Possess large
Quantities of it) even to ship Carpenters; than that they should
much longer enjoy it.
I have not been able to give the least attention to my private
246 Public Papers of George Clinton.
affairs these three weeks past. Ever since the discovery of that
Hellish Tory* Plot in New York we have been watching Torie
matters, and as yet to very little purpose; we have got six or
Eight of them in Goal, two others have offer'd to capitulate (say,
Geo. Harden & Joseph Penney) and the Joint Committees of New
Windsor & New Burgh sent a Gaurd to disarm Major Golden,
but to their great disappointment, found no arms of any sort
whatever; on which they took his Person in Tow, and had him
in confinement twenty four Hours. When he appear'd . before
the Committees he was asked whither he would submitt to have,
what was to be alledged against him, heard and determined by
s'd Committees, or appeal to a higher Board? he alledged that
agreeable to a Resolve of Congress he was to be tried by the
Committee of the Precinct where he Lived, and was answer'd
by the Committees, that they could not submitt to that, for that
Body was not superior to themselves, and had good Reason to
believe that the Committee where he lived, was either under
some undue Influence, or destitute of spirit to deal with him; on
which he appeaPd to the County Convention and to-morrow is
the Day of trial; you see how Ready this scoundrell is to take
Refuge under any Resolve of Congress that may suit his pur-
pose, but as regardless as Lord North of others i. e. the Militia
Regulations haveing neither Gun sword or amimoinition that could
be found.
Must inform you that since your departure, the matter was
debated in our Committee whither we had any suspected Persons
in our Precinct who ought to be disarmed — ^carried in the Nega-
tive which realy surprised some of us. Your old Friend, the
Coll, Had an active hand in this, who seems to be under such a
♦Governor Tryon's plot.
Public Papers op G-eorgb Clinton. 247
kind of Influence relative to the Ellisons & Golden, that I cannot
fully understand. As I have allready trespass'd on your patience
shall now conclude informing you that your Family were all well
yesterday evening, I was at your House, the old Lady hath been
at Poughkepsle some time past and not yet returned; hope to
see you soon, either at New York or Phila. I am
D'r Sir in much Haste, but with Esteem Your most
Obed't Hum'e Serv't,
Robt. Boyd, Jun'r.
Gen. George Clinton.
[No. 96.]
• Specimen of a Spurious Pass.
New London July 7th 1776.
this is to Serty'Fy that John Green is Got His Discharge From
the Contenentle Serves By His own Request From the Fleet
Belongin to Philladelphe the Andrew Dorey
Admerel Hopkins
Captain Beetle
the within is a fals Pass which he obtained at Hackensack.
[No. 97.]
Col. James Clinton Suggests Fire Rafts.
Fort Constitution July 13th 1776.^
Gentlemen,
Since I wrote the Inclosed Letter I Rec'd one from the General,
a Coppy of which I send you; I Expect you will send orders to
Poughkeepsie so that the Carpenters may Comply with the sam*^
and other Method that Can be thought of to make fire Rafts.
Pray send a Coppy of the Inclosed Letter to Albany By
248 Public Papers op George, Clinton.
Express; I will Endeavour to send by water if I have an oppor-
tunity But that Can't be Depended on.
I am Gentlemen, Your Most Hum'e Ser't.
James Clinton.
(To Committee at New Windsor.)
[No. 98.]
Beinforcements Ordered Without Delay to Fort Montgomery.
Fort Montgomery Idth July 1776.
4 o'clock P. M.
To Col'l Jesse Woodhull,
(Sir,
I wrote you this Morning by Express that I did not apprehend
any immediate Danger of the Enemy's Vessels now laying in the-
Bays^ comeing further up the River, and considering the very
Buisy season of the year advised you not to march to this Place-
till further Orders. Since which (this Moment) I received by
Express a Letter from his Excellency Genl. Washington of which
you have a Copy inclosed. This will shew the necessity of hav-
ing a Reenforcem't of Men in these Forts and Account for my
now countermanding my Orders to you of this Morning, And
now ordering two hundred of your Regiment properly offieered
& well equiped into this Fort without Delay. I will also order-
400 Men out of Col'l Hasbrouck's & Col'l Clinton's Regim't that
the Duty may be equally shared.
Yours sincerely,
Geo. Clinton Brig. Genl.
■^ Public Papers of George Clinton, 249
[No. 99.]
Alarm at Fort Constitution over tJie Approach of the Enemy to
Peekskill.
Fort Constitution 14th July 1776.
Sir,
By an express Just now arrived p'r Capt. Moffat from the lower
Port, I am inform'd that the Eneimey have landed their Troops
two Miles below Peeks Kill. You'll Therefore discharge no part
of your Regiment already assembled but proceed without delay
with your Men to this Place,
hereof fail not, from Sir your
Hum'e Serv't
Geo. Clinton Brig'r Genl.
If you have already discharged your Regiment call them to-
gether agg^in & come forward with them leaving only as many
behind as will secure Your Country from Internal Enemies.
[To Col. Jonathan Hasbrouck]
[No. 100.]
THE DEFENCE OF THE HUDSON.
George Clinton''s Energetic Steps to Prepare for the Enemy.
Fort Constitution, 14th July 1776—7 o'Clock P. M.
Crentlemen,
I received yours of this Day; I aprove much of your Plan for
making Fire Rafts and doubt not but you will carry the same
into Execution with the utmost Expedition; I think it advisable
to purchase two other Old sloops or more if necessary, for the
Purpose but let it be done in the cheapest manner, the oldest
■& worst Sloops will do. Let Men Value them, but they must
be had at any rate. When your Rafts are compleated they
250 Public Papers op G-eorge Clinton.
must be sent here without Delay ; the sooner the better. I coud
wish if the General's Letter, a Copy of which you have, will
warrant it, a Galley or two to carry a Nine Pounder in their
Bows, could be built as they might answer valuable Purposes
but this I must submit to you, I want a Whale Boat exceed-
ingly, to reconitire the Enemy & if one can be had or built &
sent here without retarding the other Business it would be of
great service. I am with much Respect your most
Obed't Servt.
G. C.
To the Committee of Poughkeepsie.
P. S. I have this Moment received Advise that Part of the
Enemy have landed about two Miles below Peeks Kill. This
shows how necessary it is for the Militia to be under arms &
ready to march to our aid.
George Clinton Orders Capt. Moffat, to march Fifty Men to Haver-
straw.
Fort Montgomery 16th July 1776.
Capt. Moffat,
You'l take the Command of 2 Lieuts. & 50 Men of the Detachm't
of my Brigade & march them Tomorrow Morning early, With 3
Days Provisions, to Haverstraw for the Protection of the In-
habitants there ag't the Common Enemy now laying in the Bay.
You'l endeavor to prevent their Landing with their Boats
unless by suffering small Partys to Land you may be able to
take or destroy them. If their Shipping shoud come under way
or make any extraordinary Movements, you'l give me the earliest
Notice thereof & in every Case endeavour to anoy them occupy-
ing the most advantageous Defiles near the Shore; shoud they
come further up the River; Consult with Colo Hays how
Public Papers of George Clino^on. 251
you are to dispose of your Party, so as to render the Inhabitants
most safe.
I trust much to your own Discretion.
Geo. Clinton Brig. Ge'l.
If there is any Provision in the Stores, remove them if you
can to a Place of safety.
[No. 101.]
CLINTON REPORTS TO WASHINGTON.
The Situation in the Highlands and the Means devised to Resist the
Enemy. ■
Fort Montgomery 15th July 1776.
Sir,
I received your Favour of the 13th Instant yesterday, at this
Place previous to which about 9 o'clock Saturday Morning, the
signal at Fort Constitution being given, & the Capts. of two
Sloops which about the same Time came too, oposite my Home^
having informed me that the Enemy had attacked New York
the Evening before & that they judged by the Report of the
Cannon that the Shipping had passed by & were up the River
as far as Kings Bridge, I thought it my Duty to put the Neigh-
bouring Militia in Motion & accordingly issued Orders to three
Regiments, one immediately to march into these Works, another
into Fort Constitution & the third to Rendevouz at New Burgh
on the Bank of the River about 9 Miles above Fort Constitution
with orders to march & reenforce that Garrison, upon the next
Signal being given. 'At the same [Time] I issued Orders to
all the Regiments in my Brigade North of the Highlands, to
stand ready to march on a Moment's warning and dispatched
Expresses to all Owners of Sloops &c. for twenty Miles up the
West Side of the River, to hall them off so as to prevent their
252 Public Papers of G-eorge Clinton.
.grounding, that as many of them as were necessary might be
Teady to carry down the Militia to the Forts.
The residue I ordered down to Fort Constitution as I believe
~by drawing a Chain of them across the narrowest Parts of the
Eiver & fixing them properly to be set on Fire shoud the Enemy's
shipping attempt passing by, they woud answer a most val-
uable Purpose. Early in the afternoon I marched into Fort Con-
■stitution with about 40 of my Neighbours & in the Evening came
■to this Fort being nearest the Enemy & better able here to dis-
cover their Motions. Yesterday Evening, I was joined by Col'l
Woodhull with about 200 of his Regiment, and this Morning by
iieut. Collo. McClaghry with 500 or upwards of his, and I ex-
;pect two other Regiments are on their March for the upper
Fort. When these join me I will draft out of the 4 Regts. 600
3nen & imploy them as your Excellency has directed.
I have ordered the Colonels I have called in, to leave the
Frontier Companys at Home to protect the Country ag't the
Indians should they be troublesome & as many Men out of each
-Company as will be sufficient to guard against any Attempts
that might be made by Internal Enemies.
The Men turn out of their Havest Fields to defend their
Country with surprizing Alacrity. The Absence of so many of
them however at this Time when their Grain is perishing for
want of the Sickle, will greatly distress the Country; I coud
ivish a less Number might answer the Purpose; many may be
called in 8 Hours some in a much less Time. Shoud there be
occasion for them I woud fain hope, the Enemy mean by Shipping
in our Bays mean (?) at present only to cutt off the Communi-
■cation between Country & City & prevent our stopping the Chan-
nel.
Public Papers of George Clinton. 253:
Since writing the above I received a Line from Colo. Hay of
Haverstraw. I will send a small Party down there this Even-
ing or in the Morning but Don't think I can continue them long
as the Militia here will think hard to be carried there. I am
with the greatest Esteem your
Most Obed't Serv't,
Geo. Clinton.
The Bearer will be able to give your Excellency any Informa-
tion you may want respective the State of the Forts, Country^
&ca. as he is sensible & well acquainted here & may be relied on.
Genl. Washington.
[No. 102.]
Ordinance of Netv TorJc Convention, as to Magistrates, Allegiance
and Treason.
In Convention of the Representatives of the State of New^
York,*
White Plains, July 16th 1776.
WHEREAS the present dangerous Situation of this State de-
mands ,the unremitted attention of every member of this Con-
vention,
RESOLVED unanimously that the Consideration of the neces-
sity and propriety of Establishing an independent civil Govern-
ment be postponed until the first day of August next, and in the
meantime
RESOLVED unanimously, That all Magistrates and other
Officers of Justice in this State who are well affected to the
Liberties of America be requested until further Orders, to exer-
cise their respective offices: Provided that all processes and other
their proceedings be under the authority and in the name of the
State of New York;
* July 9, the title of Provincial Congress was changed to that of the Convention of the Bepresenta-
tives of the State of New York immediately after the Declaration of Independence had been adopted
by that body. — State Historian.
254 Public Papers of G-eorge Clinton.
KE SOLVED unanimously, that all Persons abiding within the
State of New York and deriving Protection from the Laws of the
same, owe allegiance to the said Laws, and are members of the
State, and that all Persons passing thro', visiting or making a
temporary stay in the said State, being entitled to the Protection
of the Laws, during the time of such Passage, visitation or tem-
porary Stay, owe, during the same time, allegiance thereto.
That all Persons, members of, or owing allegiance to this
State as before discribed, who shall levy War against the said
State within the same or be adherent to the King of Great
Britain, or others the Enemies of the said State within the same,
giving to him or them aid and Comfort, are guilty of Treason
against the State, and being thereof convicted shall suffer the
Pains and Penalties of Death,
Extract from the minutes,
John McKesson Secry.
[No. 103.]
Jacobus Van Zandt Promises Gen. Clinton his Fire Bafts and a
Whale Boat.
Poughkeepsie July 16th 1776.
Sir,
As you were pleased to forward us General Washington's
Orders to Compleat a Number of Fire Rafts and fire Vessells,
We have the pleasure to inform you, that four fire Rafts will be
Launched this Evening; tomorrow we propose to fix them in the
best manner we can with dry wood, Tar and such other Com-
bustibles, as we can procure, at this place. Two or three old
vessells we shall fix as fast as possible for the same purpose.
We shall send the fire Rafts down to Coll. Clinton as soon as they
are Compleated. I have dispatched Capt. Samuel Tuder and
Public Papers of George Clinton. 255
Crave your assistance in procuring six Six pounders at the Fort
or those that lay at New Windsor. The design of these is to
protect the Ships and throw up a small breastwork at Each side
of Ships, which I am sure will annoy the Enemy much, if they
shoud offer to stop opposite them. Pray let us have about 20
Bounds of Eound Shott, they have plenty at the Fort. We have
about three hundred of Powder and no Guns of any kind, Except
about 20 Muskets. I shall Esteem it a particular favour to assist
Capt. Tuder all in your power.
I Remain Dear Sir
Your Hble. Serv't,
Jacobus Van Zandt, Commissioner.
P. S. The Whale boat for yourself shall be Done as soon as
possiable, hope this week.
(To Gen. George Clinton.)
[No. 104.]
THE MILITIA CALLED OUT.
Conditions Under Which they Served and the Bounty Paid them for
Defence of the Hudson River.
In Convention of the Representatives of the State of
New York, July 16th 1776.
WHEREAS this Convention have the greatest Reason to
believe that the British armies in New York & Canada will
endeavour by means of Hudsons River to effect a Junction &
thereby cut of all Intercourse between the eastern & southern
States,
AND WHEREAS the Country Contiguous to the Sound and
Hudsons River will be greatly exposed to the Ravages & In-
cursions of a cruel & unnatural Enemy, which. If not prevented
will render them a Scene of ruin and desolation.
256 Public Papers of Gteorge Clinton.
AND WHEEEAS from the Situation of the said Country inter-
sected with Defiles and narrow Passes it will be extremely practi-
cable to repel the hostile attempts of the Enemy, provided the
Inhabitants exert themselves in its defence, with the Union,,
spirit & alacrity of men determined to defend their Eights Sc
transmit the blessings of Freedom to Posterity,
AND WHEEEAS it is the indispensable Duty of this Conven-
tion by every means in their Power to provide for the Happiness-
& Security of their Constituents reposing the highest confidence
in their Virtue & public Spirit, Therefore,
EE SOLVED, that one fourth part of the Militia of the Counties-
of Westchester Dutchess, Ulster & Orange be forthwith drawn
out for the Defence of the Liberties, property. Wives and Chil-
dren of the good People of this State ; And as at this busy SeasoU)
of the year the Service may be inconvenient to many of them,.
EESOLVED that each man be allowed Twenty Dollars as a
Bounty with Continental Pay and subsistence and be continued
in the service until the last day of December next unless sooner
discharged.
EESOLVED that it be recommended to such of the Inhabi-
tants who remain at home to give al-l possible assistance to the
families of those spirited Persons who step forth in defence of
the Eights and Liberties of this invaded Country and that the
Sub Committees of the several Districts in those Counties pay
particular attention to see that this recommendation be complied:
with.
EESOLVED that the Brigadier Generals and the field Officers,
of the Militia of each County be directed to adopt the most equi-
table and expeditions Mode of raising the Levies and of fur-
nishing with arms those who are not supplied — the price of the
Public Papers of G-eorge Clinton. 25-7
arms to be deducted out of each man's Pay — and that they be
authorized to call on the Committee of each County for their
assistance.
EESOLVED that these Levies be formed into Companies, to
consist of one Captain, two Lieutenants, three Sergeants, three
Corporals, one Drummer, one fifer & fifty privates, And that the
Captain and Subalterns be appointed by the field Officers of each
Regiment of Militia from which the quotas are to be raised out
of the Militia Officers; having in such appointments a regard to
their respective Ranks and the Dates of their Commissions if
a sufficient number of such are willing to serve, if not, that they
be at liberty to appoint such others as they may think properly
qualified.
RESOLVED that each Regiment shall consist of ten Companies
and one Surgeon under the Command of one Colonel,, one Lieu-
tenant Colonel & one Major, & to have one Adjutant, & one
Quarter Master^ that the field Officers and 'Surgeon be appointed
by this Convention and the Quarter master and Adjutant in each
Regiment by the Colonel thereof; and the non-Commissioned Offi-
cers by the Captains of each Company under whom they go into
Service.
RESOLVED that each Man furnish himself with a Blanket
and Knapsack and every Six men with a Pot or Camp Kettle.
RE'SOLVED that two Deputy Commissaries be appointed to
provide four months' Provisions for Six thousand Men to be de-
posited in two Magazines one on each Side of the River at such
Places as his Excellency General Washington shall think proper
to appoint. -
RESOLVED that all the men now raised in the Counties of
Ulster & Orange be stationed in the Highlands on the west side
17
258 Public Papers op George Clinton.
of the Hudson Eiver to guard those Defiles thel possession of which
Brigadier Genl. Clinton shall think most conducive to the safety
of the State.
RESOLVED that the men raised in the Counties of West-
chester and Dutchess repair immediately to Peeks Kill and that
Genl. Washington be requested to appoint an Officer to take
the Command of all the Levies on both sides of the River, to fix
upon what Station they shall occuppy^ and to nominate the two
Deputy Commissaries for the Troops on each side the River.
RESOLVED that all the Troops raised in the above Counties
shall be subject to the Articles of War established by the Conti-
nental Congress.
RESOLVED that the Brigadier Generals and Committees, of
the respective Counties, be immediately furnished with Copies of
these Resolutions.
RESOLVED that the following Gentlemen be and they hereby
are appointed field Officers of the Regiments of the Militia to go
into immediate Service vizt :
In Westchester County.* Thomas Thomas, Colonel
Ebenezer Purdy, Major.
in Ulster County. Levi Pawling, Colonel
Thomas Jansen Jur. Lieut. Colo.
Samuel Logan, Major,
in Orange County.
Isaac Nicoll, Colonel
Gilbert Cooper, Lieut, Colo.
Hendrick Van der Linden Van bryck. Major.
Extract from the Minutes.
Robt. Benson, Secry.
♦ Journal of the Provincial Convention.
Public Papers of George Clinton. 259
[No. 105.]
Two Tories sent to the Guard-House at Fort Montgomery.
Fort Montgomery July 16th 1776.
To General Clinton,
The Following are the Names of those Disaffected persons I
Took Last Evening and Confind In the Guard House.
Jas. Eosekrans.
John Turner
James Bazely
[No. 106.]
Orders to Orange County for Troops to relieve the Garrison at Fort
Montgomery.
Sir,
You are to relieve by an equal Number of your Kegiment those
now in Fort Montgomery belonging to said Regiment on Sunday
next 12 o'clock A. M. unless this order shall be countermanded
before that Time. Given under my Hand this 17th July 1776.
(George Clinton).
[No. 107.]
HOW THE LEVIES WERE MADE.
Vol. Hay's Instructions Relative to the Protection of Haverstraw.
Haverstraw 17th July 1776.
To Colo. A. Hawkes Hay,
Sir,
You are to order a detachment of your Regiment of Militia
'Consisting of one hundred Men properly Officered & accoutred,
to guard the Country against the Enemy's Shipping, to join
Capt. Moffat now on that Duty at Haverstraw by tomorroiw
JMoming ten o'Clock. Each Company in your Regiment is to
260 Public Papers of George Clinton.
furnish its Quota of said Detachment according to the Numbers-
they respectively consist of, & in order that Inhabitants in thi»^
Busy season of the Year may be distressed as little as possible,
direct your Capts. that in making their Drafts they avoid taking:
more than one Man out of a Familly unless where there are
three or more Men subject to Military duty in a Familly. You
are not to have more Officers in this Detachment than the same-
Number of Men have in the Army of the united States of Am-
erica. This Detachment is to draw Rations equal to the Forces
of said Army, and as it will be inconvenient to do this at Fort
Montgomery, I woud advise that you appoint a proper Person
to supply them here at the cheapest Rate until the Commissaries^
can do it. This Detachment is to be under the Command of
Capt. Moffat and you must order a second Detachment of equal
Number to relieve them on Sunday next Ten o'Clock unless you
can make up the first Detachment of Men willing to continue
while necessary. The Party on Duty is not however upon any
Account to leave the Ground until so releived. The Second De-
tachment you are to relieve in like Manner, in such Time as you
shall judge most Advantageous to the Inhabitants on Account of
their Harvest, allways keeping up the above Number until other-
wise ordered unless the safety of the Country requires a stronger
Guard in which Case you will augment it even with your whole
Regiment rather than suffer the Enemy to Land & get any Foot-
ing on Shore. This Detachment will be entitled also to the
same pay that other Militia called out upon extraordinary Oc-
casions are to receive «& as 700 Men of my Brigade are now
called out by his Excellencj^ Genl. Washington's Order* to me of
the 13th Instant, of which this Detachment will be part, they
are of Course to be subject to the Rules & Regulations of the
Public Papers of George Clinton. 261
Army of which you will apprize them that they may govern
themselves accordingly. I am your
Most Obed't Serv't
Geo. Clinton, Brig, Genl.
[No. 108.]
<Jolonel Hay writes George Clinton in Regard to the Protection of
Haverstraw and the Hudson.
«ir,
Yesterday I had the Honor to receive General Washington's
Letter of the 17th Inst, directed to our Committee; he informs
me that it is out of his Power to send me any Relief from the
•C/ontinental Army at New York, and urges the absolute Neces-
sity that all communication should be cut off from the ministerial
Uavagers on the River, and for that end he entreats the strictest
Tigilance to prevent their getting any supplies of fresh meats or
Vigitables and begs that this matter may be properly attended
too; and further adds the following paragraph, "What number
of Men Col : Clinton may have with him in the Forts at the High
Lands I am unable to say, but if any to spare I have not the
least objection to his sending them to your assistance; of this
j^ou'll be please to inform him."
The Enemy have stationed their Ships and Tenders so as to
make it Necessary to divide our Force, and as it appears to be
their design to direct their opperations to this shore and not to
^attempt the Forts, untill they receive a reinforcement, I submitt
it to you, whether it would not be proper to augment the Force
now here, which consist [of] one Hundred & Eighty Men, that
we may be enabled to give them a warm reception, shou'd they
attempt the shore again. If we could have commanded two
262 Public Papers of G-eorge Clinton,
Field Pieces, when the Cutter grounded at Stony Point we
could with Ease have dispatched her.
I have sent to New York for Powder, but the difficulty that
will attend the transportation of it in time, obliges me to repeat
the request for a small supply, which will add to the many obli-
gations we are already under to you for your Care and attention
to us. We are happy in having Col. Nicoll and Capt. Moffat
with us, and if the Public Service will admit of their continuance
with us, it will give great satisfaction to,
Your Affectionate Hum. Serv't,
A. Hawkes Hay.
July 20th 1776.
P. S. Paper being scarce I hope will be an Apoligy for this-
Scrawl. Since writing the above I have rec'd y'r supply of
Powder. Col: Nicol says that the Forces here are sufficient to^
guard this place, but think it would be proper to have a De-
tatchm't at Halstead's place where' they burnt the House, as we
have reason to suspect they intend to make it their watering
Place, and a perryaugar & Tender is going now up on that desiga
as he imagines.
To Gen. Geo. Clinton.
[No. 109.]
Orders to Captain Moffat to remove Provisions, Cattle, Sloops dc. om
the Haverstraw Shore, teyond Reach of the Enemy.
[July 20, 1776.]
Capt. Moffat,
In Adition to the Orders given you Yesterday, you are to see
that all the Cattle Hoggs & Sheep on Ellison^s Neck, or any other
Part of the Haverstraw Shore, where they are in immediate
Danger of falling into the Hands of the Enemy be removed to
Public Papers of George Clinton. 263
Places of safety. I observe several Sloops & Boats lying in or
near Haverstraw Creek which the Enemy may with ease destroy
or possess themselves of. You are therefore to order the Own-
ers to remove them to Places of Security without Delay. I need
not tell you that it is highly imprudent to suffer Men to assem-
ble in view & within Shot of the Enemy's Shipping while they
reach them with small arms, as such Conduct woud Endanger
as well your Men as the Inhabitants & occasion frequent Alarums
by provoking the Ships of War to fire without answering any
one good Purpose. You'l order the Inhabitants living near the
River not to discharge their Guns (except at the Enemy) as by
fireing they may also occasion false Alarums & prevent Notice
being taken of true ones.
[No. 110.]
Dissatisfaction Among the Militia.
Haverstraw July 20th 1776.
S'r,
I have Just time to inform you that the Enemy have made
Several Movements to-day which have occasioned us to be much
upon our guard; however they have not made any attempt to
Land. The detachment that came down under the Command
of Capt. Moffat are very uneasey that they are not relieved by
this time, as they expected to be home by tomorrow Night, and
it is with great difficulty that they have been detained to-day.
I am affraid that many, if not all of them, will go off tomorrow
Morning unless they are very certain of being relieved by the
Middle of the Day, and as this Station will not be Sufficiently
guarded in Case they should, would therefore advise that you
send a detachment of the standing troops equal to their Num-
264 Public Papers of George Clinton.
ber as early as possible tomorrow as a Relief to them, least
some bad conseqaence might follow, unless the Militia arrive
time enough to answer the purpose which is not very probable.
I am in haste, Yours &c.
Isaac Nicoll^ Com. Of'or.
N. B, There is little dependance on the People that belong
here.
(Gen. George Clintom.)
[No. 111.]
Theodore Sedgivick, Brigade Major, makes a Requisition for Car-
tridges, or Powder and Ball, to he sent to Peekskill.
Peeks kill, 20 July 1776.
Sir,
I am directed by the Commissioners of Convention to earnestly
entreat you to send 1000 or 1500 Musquetry Cartridges, as Many
of the Troops here are almost destitute and are not in a Con-
dition to defend the Property of our Friends or annoy the En-
emy; it will be unnecessary to inform you that it is necessary
that the Cartridges should be differently sized.
If you have not Cartridges you will be pleased to send Powder
& Ball if they are to be spared.
The Commissioners have forwarded your Letters to Genl.
Washington &to the Superintendants of the Salisbury Ferrnance,
The Phenix we are informed has again come to Anchor in the
wide River, a little below Verplank's Point.
I am Sir with much Esteem
Your most Obed't & hum'e Serv't
Theodore Sedgwick, M. Brig.
N. B. The Commissioners will make the best possible Dispo-
sition of the Troops on this side the River & expect General
Public Papers of George Clinton. 265
Clinton to do the same on other untill a general Plan can be
formed.
(To Gen. George Clinton.)
[No. 112.]
George Clinton notifies Colonel Tan Cortland and Others that he
cannot meet the Requisition asked for in Major Sedgwick's Letter.
Fort Montgomery, 20th July 1776.
Gentlemen,
I this Moment rec'd Major Sedgwick's Letter wrote by your
Order requesting a supply of amunition from this Fort & com-
municated the Contents to Cols. Clinton & Humphreys, who are
more particularly acquainted with the Amunition & Military
Stores in this Garrison than I am' & immediately intrusted with
the Disposition thereof. Colo. Humphreys tells me that he has
already spared to the Militia at Peeks Kill 1 Cask Powder &
100 lib.. Weight of Lead & 60 lb. Powder & 50 lb. Lead to the
Militia at Haverstraw, and that he cannot consistent with his
orders & the safety of this Fortress spare any more & Colo.
Clinton says he cannot possibly supply us with any from the
Upper Fort. This being the Case it is out of my Power to
comply with your Bequest. I have long expected a Discretion-
ary Order from Congress to draw Powder from the Mill in this
County for the Militia. But this is not be relyed upon for the
present Occasion. I wish you coud contrive to get a supply from
New York as our Communication with that Place by Water,
our usual Way of getting supplies, is now obstructed. I am
with much Esteem
Your Most Obed't Serv't,
Geo. C'n.
P. S. Colo. (James) Clinton tells me that he purchased the
greater Part of the Lead he has in these Forts with great
266 Public Papers of Gteorge Clinton.
Trouble in the Country, not then being able to get any in N.
York. '
[No. 113.]
An Order to bring in certain delinquent Militiamen to Fort
Montgomery.
Fort Mont Gomery July 23 1776.
Pursuant to an order from Genral Clinton you are hereby re-
quired to apprehend & take the Bodies of Isaac Tobias, William
McMullen_, Thomas Chatfield, Charles Field, Moses Rumsey, Col-
vin Herd, Aaron Cunnigim, Moses Gale, Jonathan Coleman,
Increase Wyman, Nathan Pimbleton & Christopher Strawbridge,
Persons who have been ordered to march to this Fortification «&
have neglected to attend agreeable to s'd order & bring them
forthwith to headqurters to answer for their refusing or neglect-
ing to obey s'd orders.
Benj'n Tusten, Ju'r, Lt. Col.
To Stephen Howel
'Sergeant of the light Horse, j
[No. 114.]
Captain Moffat Claims to he the Banking Captain in his Regiment.
Blooiming Grove July 24th 1776.
S'r,
I have accepted a Captain's birth in the new Levies by appoint-
ment of the Field officers of this Eeigment and shall raise my
company with all possible speed. The Bearrer, Mr. Brown, is
appointed my first Lieut, and as part of the Reigment is at the
fort with you I thought proper to send him down a recruiting.
I doubt not but you will allow him the liberty of Inlisting as
many as he can out of the detachmout of Coll. WoodhulPs Reig-
Public Papers op George Clinton. 267
ment now at the fort, — provided he don't take them away till
their time is out. I expect I shall have my Rank in the Reig-
anent, as I presume I am the Eldest Captain in the County and 1
believe as old as any in the Province. You will do me the favour
to communicate the matter to Congress if Reasonably within
jour Power as I suppose they will fix our Ranks — my Commis-
sion Bears date the 19 of September last.
I am with the most profound Respect Sir
Your most Obedent and Very Hum'e Serv't,
Thomas Moffat.
<To General Clinton.)
[No. 115.]
ORDERS FOR THE FORT MONTGOMERY GARRISON.
Necessiti/ for Completing Fortifications — Instructions for the Ad-
vanced Guards and for Policing the Post.
Fort Montgomery 25th July 1776.
Oenl. & Garrison Orders.
It must be Evident to every reasonable man who is possesst
of the least Military Knowledge & acquainted with the Situation
of this Place, that proper Works erected on the Hill on the south
«ide of Poplopen's Kill will not only contribute greatly to the
safety of our present Works; but if properly constructed will
enable us more effectually to annoy the Enemy's Shipping, shoud
they attempt to pass up the River; induced by these Considera-
tions proper Works are in part laid out there & began upon; But
unless they are carried on with Spirit & finished in season they
will not only be useless to us but may be converted by the Enemy
to Purposes which they are intended to prevent.
It is expected, therefore, that the Detachment of Militia now
here, honorably employed in Defence of their Country, will
268 Public Papers of George Clinton.
as Early each Morning as if working for themselves, which is
truely the Case, turn out on Fatigue to forward & compleat these
Works in Season, leaving one Field Officer only, 1 Subaltern 1
Non Commissioned Officer and 10 Privates of each Company as^
a Protection to the Sloops to guard the Landing, the Privates-
also Cook, & do the other necessary Business of the Camp.
Upon this urgent Occasion it is expected & not doubted, but
that the Continental & Militia Troops of the Garrison equally^
Friendly to their Country will furnish Fatiegue Parties neces-
sary about the ordinary Business of the Garrison & for expedit-
ing the Fire Rafts; the Ordinary & Advanced Guards on the-
point of the Dunderbergh and on the opposite Shore along the
Foot of Anthony's Nose; And that no Mistake may arise about
the Duty of those Advanced Guards, the Serjants Guard on the-
Point of the Dunderbergh, is to keep a Sharp lookout from thence-
down the River; & on discovering any Vessel there under Wajr
is immediately to kindle up a Light Fire, so situated as to be^
easily discovered by the Gentries on the Battery, discharge their^
Pieces & retire to such Place of safety from whence they ca^
best annoy the Enemy on passing them. The Serjants Guard on.
the Point of Anthony's Nose & that also to keep a sharp lookout
towards the Point of the Dunderbergh, & upon discovering the-
above Fire hearing the Report of small arms or discovering any
Vessel under Way, are thereupon immediately to put Fire to the
Piles or Brush heaps there & discharge their Musquets. The-
Guards on this Duty must be properly prepared to kindle up.
these Fires & have proper Combustible Matter provided there-
for, for which Reason they ought to repair to their respective-
Posts early.
On an Alarm, the several Choirs (guards) are to repair to &
Public Papers of George Clinton. 269
parade at their respective Alarm Posts or Places fixt for that
Purpose & wait in Readiness for Orders as usual. A Serjants
Ouard is to be placed Every Evening on the Hill at the New
Works, a small shed to be erected there for their Accomadation,
-& to continue there all Night keeping out at least one faithful
CJentry; this Guard to be composed of the , Militia not on
Eateigue; A Commissioned Officer to be appointed by the Colo,
or next Commanding Officer of the Militia employed on those
Works to receive the Necessary Tolls from Capt. Tappen to see
them collected every Evening & put under the Care of the Guard
there & to return them When relieved or dismissed & who is to
he exempted from all other Duty.
As a great Number in the Garrison are Sick, humanity directs
that every possible Care shoud be taken of them & that they
be treated with Tenderness; For which purpose the Capts. of
•each Company are to appoint a sufficient Number of Persons to
attend & nurse their Sick, who shall be exempted from Fateigue
«& other ordinary Duty & to prevent the spreading of Infectious
Disorders as much as may be.
Two or more Persons are to be appointed whose Duty it shall
be daily to remove all Filth & Nastiness from about the Barracks
-& Garrisons.
It has been long in Orders that no Gun or small arms shoud be
without Orders discharged in hearing of the Garrison. This
Order has been repeatedly published so that no Man can plead
Ignorance. The Reasons on which it is founded has also been
frequently mentioned to wit: not only Falsely alaming the Gar-
orison but the Neighbouring Country. The Waste of Amunition
which ought only to be expended ag't the Common Enemy &
the Danger of maiming & killing each other; Notwithstanding
270 Public Papers of G-eoege Clinton.
all this, some Men are so lost to all Sense of Duty & order that
frequent discharges of Musquetry are heard in about the Camp
& Garrison. The Patriotism of such are much to be suspected.
Their Folly at least may occasion great Confusion & Danger. If
any Person therefore shall be guilty of Disobedience to the above
Order, they may expect without Discrimination of Persons, to-
meet with the severest punishment the Law will admit of.
Any Person who shall be found intoxicated with strong Liquor
in the Camp or Garrison will be severely dealt with as well a»
those who shall have furnished such Person with such Liquor
contrary to Garrison orders.
' [No. 116.]
" THE CASE OF JOHN GREEN AND PETER BUCKSTAFF.'^
Arrested as Deserters and Accused hy Major Logan of Being 82)i€S.
Fort Montgomery 24th July 1776.
The Examination of John Green : says he was born in the City
of Gloster, England, came to this Country with Genl.Braddock, has
lived in various Parts of the Country from South Carolina North-
ward, since he was taken at Bradock's defeat by the Shawanese
& was 3 years & 7 Months Prisoner among the Indians. Last
Fall he entered on Board the Row Gallies at Philadelphia, con-
tinued on Board 3 Months till the River froze up then went to
the Barracks & soon after Entered as a Seaman on Board the
Andria Doria, Capt. Nicholas Beetle; Cont'd on Board of her
6 Months till discharged at New London by the Capt. The Dis-
charge Dated, the 7th July, 1776, now shewn; but he says he
lost the original & wrote this in its stead. That he proceeded
immediately for New York, enlisted there in Capt. Johnson's
Company, Colo. McDougal's Regiment, was drafted out of that>
Public Papers of George Clinton. 271
with one more Man into Capt, Burbank's Company of Artillery.
He deserted the Service last Satturday. He was sent to Pomp-
town with ten others to help to cast Bullets, left them at Sec-
ond River and travelled up thro' the Country intending to go
to Sterling; was taken up at Suffern's, near Buskirk's Mills,
& sent to the Guard at Haverstraw. He mett with one Peter
Buckstaff at Acquakononk, whom he had seen before at New
London; he belonged to a Coaster or some small Craft. Buck-
staff told him he was going to Rynbeek, to see his Father &
Mother; he, Green, replied he was going to Sterling so they set
out together.
Peter Buckstaff's testimony.
Fort Montgomery 24th July 177G.
Peter Buckstaff, born in Livingston Mannor; ab't 20 Years of
Age, Wheelwright, Soldier of Capt. Ledger's Company, Colo.
McDougal's Regim't; went to New York about 11 Months ago
& inlisted a Day or two after he got in Town & has been in the
Service ever since; left New York with John Green of Capt.
Johnson's Company last Satturday, got a small Row Boat at
Lispenard's Brew House, crossed the River in the Dusk of the
Evening, Sc landed on the March near Hobook (Hoboken).
Travelled a good way that Night lay in Hay barrack. That,
when they came to Hackensack Bridge they stopd at a Tavern;
got their Breakfast there. The Tavern was on the South Side
of )the New Bridge on the West Side of the Road & about ^
of a Mile or less from the Bridge, A Sign on a Sign Pole close
by the East corner of the House. The Tavern keeper asked
them where they were going. Green shewed his discharge, he
said it was well enough. The Tavern keeper when they were
at Breakfast said the Americans woud be beat. That after
Breakfast when they came near the Bridge, Green told him that
272 Public Papers of George Clinton.
there was a Man offered him some iMoney, silver & Gold, if he
woud go on Board of the Phenix; he answered he woud go
to Esopus. They after Breakfast continued along the Common
Road stopping now & then only for a Drink & arrived at Suf-
feren's Tavern in the Dusk of that Evening. iWhen they went
to Bed upstairs at Nighty Green asked him if he woud go back^
get some Money & go on Board the Phenix; he answered he
woud not, he woud go to his Parents; Green said he woud,
but did not tell him where nor of whom he was to get the
Money. In the morning the Landlord asked Sufferen for his
Pass, he shew'd his discharge which he also had shewn the Even-
ing before. They were then taken up & immediately sent to
the Guard at Haverstraw; he arrived there the Day before yes-
terday & from thence was sent here by the Commanding Officer
there.
■ , [No. 117.]
Major Logan^s Accusation.
Head Quarters Haverstraw July 25th 1776,
To his Excelency George Clinton Esqr.
By James Gibson, Ser't, Send two Prisenors Viz, John Green
& Piter Burkstown, two fellows Susspected to be Enploid to
Carry a Message from the fleet at New York to Capt. Parker
in this River. Under neath you have the Confession of Piter
Burkstown, whoe Says that he Crosed the North River from
Lespenaar's Brew house to the west Syde of the River, Near a
mass thens to a Barrack where thy Stayd all the Night, from
thens to a Barn, Next to the Bridge at Hackensack; then John
Green, teld Piter Burkstown, that he Could gett Silver & Gold
at a Sertan house Near the Bridge if he would goe on Board
the Pinox Capt. Parker, thy Stopt at a Tavern near Hacken-
Public Papers of George Clinton. 273
:Back Where the Landlord teld them that the americans would
Looss the Day; from thence thy Prosceded to a farmer's house
where thy Stayd that Night, from thence thy Prosceded to the
House of John Sufferen from which thy place they are Brought
Before me. John Green allsoo teld Piter Burkstown that he
would Goe Back and gett the money and goe on Board, and En-
•davered to Perswade Burkstown to goe with him. Green was to
have Looked for a Crafft this Day So to have gone on Board in the
ISTight. Capt. Pirson was with me yesterday acquinting me that
two Persons where Landed in the Jersey with Letters for this
"fleet; I have Cutt off all the Communication and am in Grate
lioopes to have the Pleasure to Send them tomorrow & in hast
Uemain Sir
Your Most Humble Serv't,
Sam'l Logan.
[No. 118.]
THE HISTOKIC CHAIN ACROSS THE HUDSON.
Mr. Van Zandfs Reasons for Placing it at West Point Rather than
at Fort Montgomery.
Poughkeepsea July 25th 1776.
«ir,
Agreeable to orders receaved, from Secreet Committee, I have
■obtaind from Coll. Clinton the distance from fort Constitution
to the West Point, to be ab't 23 Chains, and on Examing the
Shore on Each side of the river have found Rocks Sufficient
'to Secure the ends of Chain. The Cityvation of the forts and
Cross running of the tides with the Bafiling winds generally
here, and with the assistance of what Cannon already mounted,
we can defend the Chain much better here than at fort Mon-
gomerie; and what will add grate Strenght to us, by placeing
18
274 Public Papers of George Clinton.
Number of men on the hills at West Point with Musquetery, we-
can annoy the Ships in Such manner that no man will be able
to Stand her decks, provied, the Ships Should Incline more to
West Point then the fort side.
You may perhaps object fixing the Chain here on acc't of not
heaving Cannon. I can assure you that we Shall have plenty
of Six pounders Mounted before the Chain is ready; these in
my opinion will be SufQciant to doe the needfull If they are well
Supply'd. Coll. Clinton I hope in the Course of one Week, will
have addition to his forts of 18 Six pounders and If Mr, Jay
Succeeds at Salsburry, I am also in hopes to have the 12 pound-
ers ready to annoy our Enemies If they Should attempt to come
up long before the Chain is ready, so that, on Whole I am fully
Convinced that fort Constitution will far Exceed the fixing of
Chain Cross River, then at fort Montgomeria; but this Shall
leave to your better Judgement.
I could wish you would Examing both places well, and Con-
sider ware the Chain can be best Defended. I am in grate
hopes that Mr. Jay will Succeed in the Cannon, as Genl. Wash-
ington has wrote to Gov'r Tremble (Trumbull) on the Subject,
and as soon as the Express returns with the Demitions (dimen-
sions) of the Cannon I shall order proper Carriges made; hope
they will be ready before the guns reaches you, as well with
every necessary articall wanted in that way; this we propose ta
doe in our yard, by persons who are acquainted with that Kind
of work. I could wish If we git those guns from^ Salsburry,
to have your head Carpenter from fort Constitution to lay out
the Carrage work, who under Stands Such part of business bet-
ter than our head projecture in the Carrage way, but this we
shall Inform you of nother time.
Public Papers of George Clinton. 275-
Your Whale boats hope will be ready this week. Six fire^
Eafts we Shall Launch to morrow Evining, four more Monday
Evening; the Six Sloops the Secret Committe are to furnish
us with from Albany &c. &c. &c. as Soon as they come to hand;
we Shall fixt them provied they Send us the Meterialls along^
with them. I could wish when they arrive with us, you could
Spare Mr. Seamons and Miller, and Send them, up to us, with
about 30 wood Cutters of your Solderey, who can assist us much
so that when they are all ready fixt here you'l have nothing to
doe with them but to put your plan into Execution In case the
Enemie comes Near you. I hope you'l Excuse this Scrol, having
no time to fair Copy. I remain with utmost Respect.
Sir Your Humb. Serv't,
Jacobus Van Zandt.
P. S. the Secreet Committe only one of them here, when they
return Shall lay my proposal before them ab't the Chain.
[No. 119.]
July 26, 1776 — James Hamilton, Gommissary to George Clinton^
as to stores at Haverstraw.*
[No. 120.]
Washington icrites to Gen. Clinton Relative to the defences of the
Hudson.*
Head Quarters, New York, 26 July, 1776.
Dear Sir,
Yours of the 23d Instant* is duly Received and am pleased with
your timely notice of your Situation Strength, movements, &c.,
♦These communications are not to be found in the Clinton Collection. The let-
ter from Washington to George Clinton is reproduced from the writings of Washing-
ton collected and edited by Worthington C. Ford and printed by G. P. Putnam's Sons.
New York, 1889. — State Historian.
276 Public Papers op George Clinton.
•&c., and think time is not to be lost or expence regarded in
getting yourselves in the best posture of Defence not knowing
how soon the Enemy may attempt to pass you.
The Fire Kafts you mention are not of the best construction
Tbut probably are the best that can be procured with the dispatch
necessary — Cables and Anchors I should suppose might easily
be procured from the vessels which used to be plying up and
down the Eiver — and are now lying Idle; — Salt Petre from the
Manufactures in the Country, as neither are to be had in this
place, — the necessity of the Case will fully Justify your taking
i;he former wherever to be found, and the safety of the people I
should imagine would induce them to assist you to the latter
-all in their power.
I have sent up Lieut. Machin* to lay out and oversee such Works
,~as shall be tho't necessary by the Officers there, and from your
representation of the Hill, which overlooks the Fort, I think it
ought to be taken possession of Immediately. — You who are
on the spot must be a better judge than I possibly can, must
leave it with you to erect such Works as you, with Col. Clinton
and the Engineer may think Necessary, — a proper Abstract or
pay Koll should be made out, of the Wages due the Artificers,
examined and certified by you or your Bro. when it may be sent
here and the Money drawn. — Your method of fixing fires, with
advanced Guards, if they are vigilant must answer the purpose
you intend — Your dismissing all the New Englandmen to 300
is a step I approve of, — I hope you may continue to prevent the
Enemy from obtaining any supplies or Intelligence and from
* Thomas Machin was an Englishman, an engineer by profession, who emigrated to
America in 1772 and at the outbreak of hostilities espoused the Colonists' cause. He
helped build the fortifications at Bunker Hill, where he was wounded, for which ser-
vice he was commissioned in Henry Knox's regiment of artillery. He served with credit
• and distinction throughout the war and was in at the death at Yorktown.
Public Papers of George Clinton. 277"
comimitting any Kavages on the distress'd Peasentry on and.
about the Shores, — while you are able to keep them in this Sit-
uation below the Forts they can do little Damage — by every con-
veyance I shall like to hear of your Situation and the Enemies
manoeuvers.
I am Sir wishing you success —
P. S. Since the above the Q. M. Genl. Informs me you may be-
supplied with Turpentine here, and thinks can get Salt Petre
enough for the present Emergency.
[No. 121.]
Hezehiali Hoivell, Jr., Protests Against His Artiest.
To George Clinton Esqr. Brigadear General
of the Countys of Orange and Ulster.
The Remonstrance and Petetion of Hezekiah Howell jun'r of
Blooming Grove Oringe County: Humbly Sheweth that on the
Eighteenth day of this instant, July, Captain Jonathon Tuthill, of
Col. Jesse Woodhull's Rigement, Sent a warrant requiring me to
repair to Nathanael Satterly'is on the twenty first, Compleat in
arms, to Serve in the Capacity of a Private Soldier' for the relief
of the Detachment of Fort Montgomery; I having a Commission,.
in the Rank of a Major, under the Congress of New York, thought
it beneath my rank to do duty as a private and refused to Comply
with the warrant, when on the Said twenty-first day of July the-
above Oapt. Tuthill Sent a Serjant with a file of men which:
brought me before him who Ordered the Serjant to bring me to.
the Fort.
Hezekiah Howell, jun'r.
Fort Montgmery i :
July 28th 177G.
278 Public Papers of George Clinton.
[No. 122.] ' '
<Japt. James Humphrey Issues an Order and Gives a List of His
Company.
Ulster Oounty:
To Thomas Cook Sargent:
By vertue of an order from general Clinton, at Fort Mongum-
•^^re}^, you are hereby Comanded in the Name of the Congress, to go
^medetly, and take with yon Andrew Sprage and Phenis Curren,
to Fort Mungumery, in order to Do their Duty; James Anderson
Is there alredy, and it is Col. McCaghrey's opineon, that I Cant
Send Henery Robenson because he hired a man and sent him in
liis place to new York, with Capton Falkenor; hereof you are not
to fail at your peral: given under my hand at New Windsor this
:29 Day of July 1776.
James Umphrey.
N. B. You are to Show this order to General Clinton at Fort
JIungumorey.
A List of Men Belonging to Capt. James Umphrey's Company
Being timeously and Leagely Warn'd, to Go off to Fort Mont-
'gomery on the 28 Day of July 1776 as followeth &c.
Robert Wough Sarjent
William Dineston
James Patton
Thomas Belknap Jun'r
Andrew Carskaddon ,
Benjemin Hoeman '
C!harles Kernaghan '
John Woodruff '; ' ] ] ' ■
John Diniston
John McQuarters ■ ' 1
Public Papers of George Clinton. 279
David Parshell
David Belknap
Hezekiah Dayton
Hegins Conkling
P'r Me James Umphrey Capt'n.
Honoured Sir,
I have Endavered to Send the men who was not at Fort Mon-
gumory Last weelv, to Do their Duty; Andrew Sprage is not to be
iound as yet, but I will Get him as Soon I can, If he is to be found
in this County; the Bearer hereof, Says he will Go and Deliver
this, and a List of the men who is warned to serve this week, to
jonr Honour which is all I have say, I Remain Sir your
Humble Ser't,
James Umphrey.
[No. 123.]
Brigadier-Generals from Neto York Required to Slake Complete Re-
turns of the Condition of Their Brigades.
In Convention of the Representatives of the State of New York at
Harlem the 31st of July 1776.
RESOLVED, unanimously that the several Brigadier Generals
in this State Do make Return to the Convention or future execu-
tive Power, thereof, on or before the first day of September next,
of the State of the Militia of their several Brigades, containing in
such statement the names and Rank of the OflQcers, the number of
Men, the Condition of their Arms, the Drafts from time to time
made, and the number of Men now actuallj^ serving as Drafts as
•aforesaid, or in Default of such Return that the said Generals do
shew good Cause why the same could not by them be, made.
Extract from the minutes.
Robt. Benson Secry.
280 Public Papers of George Clinton.
[No. 124.]
Capt. Borland Ordered to Protect the Eastern Shore of the Hudsory
Between PeeksMll and King's Ferry.
Fort Montgomery 1st Aug't 1776.
To Capt. Dureland;
Sir,
You are appointed to take the Command of 2 Lieuts & 72:
Privates, including Non Commissioned Officers, for the Protection^
of the East Shore of Hudson's Kiver from King's Ferry* below
Verplank's Point up to Conklin's. You are, therefore, to> march^
immediately for Peek's Kill & station one of your Officers & about
one third of your Men there; an Officer & one other third of your
Men at Verplank's Point & the Remaining third at King's Ferry ^.
the lowest Station.
You are to see that Proper Guards & Centries be constantly
keep out between thosq Stations, so that the Enemy may be pre-^
vented from getting any, or the least. Supplies of Provision or
Watter, or receiving any Intelligence from our Internal Enemies
or distressing the Inhabitants near the Shore.
You are likewise to warn, the Inhabitants to drive their Cattle
& Sheep back from the Shores in the Evening & from walking,
along the Shores after dark & to Cause all the small Craft between
your Stations to be collected to some Place of safety & put under
the Care of your Centries So that iio\ Opportunity be left for our
Enemies on Shore of holding a Communication with the Enemies
shipping.
And you are to report to me any material Circumstances that
may occur in this Command or any Movements made by the
* The King's Ferry was about five miles Soutii of Peeksliill and ran from Verplanclc's on the East
bank of the Hudson to Stony Point on the West bank. The two places were regarded as of great
importance strategically. — State Historian.
Public Papers op George Clinton. 281
^Enemy's Shipping ; you'l Consult witli the Committee of Congress,
Colo. Cortland and Capt. iPlatt respecting the Execution of your
Duty and advise with them from Time to Time how you can be
>most usefully imployed.
[G. C]
[No. 125.]
'iyolonel Thomas Jansen Writes to George Clinton in Regard to Dis-
content of New Levies with Their Officers.
Aug't 2d 1767 (1776.)
•Sir,
At the request of Several Officers now present, I acquaint you
4:hat four Companies have been called together this day, viz Cap'n
Rea's, Graham's and Gillespie's and Jansen's, land all possible
'Trial have been made in order to raise Men for the present Ser-
vice under the Officers lappointed, and all the Men raised lOut of
said Companies was only three; now the general complaint is, that
"«ome of the Officers! appointed, is disagreeable to the Men; and
that some of the Militia Officers complain of not being notified. so
«as to have an opportunity toi offer their Service. Now Sir, it is
thought proper to lay this affair before you, in order that your
-Judgment may be known, as there is an apparent difficulty
amongst us, and your assistance will be very agreeable. I am
with all due respect.
Sir Your very H'ble Serv't,
Thomas Jansen, Ju'r.
-Brigadier General George Clinton.
The GeneraVs Reply.
Fort Montgomery 3d Aug't 1776.
■Sir,
I received your Favour of yesterday; am sorr^' it is out of my
Power to remove the Evil of which you complain; doubtless the
282 Public Papers of George Clinton.
Appointment of OfQcersi disagreable toi the people (if such is the
Case) will have the bad effect you mention, greatl j retard the rais-
ing of Men ; you must have observed that the Appointment of the-
Officers for the New Levies, is by the Resolve of Congress left with
the Field Officers of the Militia out of which the Men are to be
raised, and that they are to have regard to Eank & the Dates of
the Commissions of the Militia Officers of their Regim'ts. I have
no Share in the Business; I nevertheless took upon me to advise
all the Field Officers I had an opportunity of conversing with, to
be carefull in Appointing Offiaers of the most Interest & best able
to serve their Country at this Critical Period. Perhaps the Field!
Officers of the Militia may be able to correct any Error they may^
have committed «& I woud, therefore, have you to apply to them
for this Purpose as it is not in my Power. It is strange any Offi-
cer woud wish to serve who has not Interest with the Men he is ta
Command; he'l do no Good & be unhappy himself.
I am with great Regard your
Most Obed't Serv't.
[No. 126.]
GEORGE CLINTON TO WASHINGTON.
A Careful and Exhaustive Report of the Situation in the Highlands
With the Plans for Protecting the Hudson River.
Fort Montgomery 2d August 1776.
Dear Sir,
I take this Opportunity by my Brother now on his Way to-
New York to settle some Affairs of his Regiment, to acknowledge
the Receipt of your Excellency's Favour of the 26th Ult. & of
informing you of our Present Situation & that of the Enemy.
On Thursday last the Shipping Sc Tenders fell down to the
Public Papers of George Clinton. 283-
Mouth of Croton Kiver where they have ever since continued
at Anchor near the East Shore. Since which they attempted
once to land on this Side the River with their Barge but were
repulsed by our Militia.
On Satturday last the 300 New England Militia left Peeks Kill
& returned Home without giving me the least Notice of it, tho
I believe they had the Consent of the Committee of Congresa
who expected in the New Levies from West Chester «& Dutchess
that Evening to supply their Place. They were disappointed,,
the Shore, of Course unguarded & the very same Evening the
Enemy's Barge came up the River six Mile from where the
Shipping lay, went a Mile or Upwards into the Country & took
off a yoke of Oxen, a Steer, a Cow & 10 Sheep from the Farm:
of one Baily, who it is said is on Board the Phenix, and I sup-
pose was their Guide. On this account I thought it my Dut;f
to send a Part of the men to protect that Shore until the new^
Levies from those Counties can be raised to relieve them, and
have done so accordingly, tho contrary to the Resolve of Pro-
vincial Congress which fixes their Stations on this side the
River; but I trust the Necessity of the Case will justify my
Conduct; to have that Side without Protection woud render
our Care oil this idle.
I have taken Possession of the Hill mentioned in my last &
the proper Works are laid out there by Mr. Machine which shall
be carried on with the greatest Dispatch & Oeconimy.
The Fire Rafts are not yet compleated; the Difficulty in pro-
curing the necessary Mattereals has occasioned much Delay.
They are however, in such forwardness as to be used to some
Advantage should the Shipping attempt to pass us.
The Gentleman from Philadelphia sent up to assist our Secret
284 Public Papers of George Clinton.
•Committee is gone on to Poughkeepsie: I think it not best to
proceed further with the Rafts till his Return here as he don't
altogether approve of the Method of fixing the Combustible Mat-
ter in them.
The Method pointed out by your Excellency for drawing the
Artificers pay &c. with which I was entirely unaquainted, will
prevent any future Uneasiness with them & Answer better Pur-
poses than Money here. I am with the highest Esteem your
Most Obed't Serv't
Geo. Clinton.
I am favored with your Excellency's Commands of the 17th
Instant & am happy to find the Measures taken here for the
Reception of the Enemy's Shipping approved. Shoud the En-
^emy attempt to gain Possession of this Place by Land with equal
]S[umbers only, we will be in a bad situation. The Hill on the
{^outh Side of Pouplopen's Kill& not above H Miles of it overlooks
our works every Gun on our Battery lays in open view of it.
It is accessible to the Enemy from a Landing that we cannot
-command with our Batteries & a Road from thence to it that
Field Pieces may be brought up from our side is almost in-
accessable. We must for the safety of our Men keep a Body
of Men there if no Works are erected. If fortified, a less Num-
TDer will hold the ground, annoy the Enemy's Shipping & render
us safe from that Quarter or any attempt by Land. Indeed, it
is the spot where our first Works shoud in my poor Judgment
have been, Mr. Jay, Livingston, &c. a Committee of Provincial
'Congress lately here, are of Oppinion with me, that this Fort-
ress is by no means safe, unless that Hill is secured. Genl.
Public Papers op George Clinton. 285
Fellows & other Officers from the Eastward are all of the same
Oppinion. They advised me to begin some small Works there.
I have laid such out as well as I know how and the Militia are
imployed in making Facines & other Preparations, which are
not attended with any public expence, but I Can't think of doing^
any Thing more than making a small Breast Work for Mus-
quetry, till I receive your Excellency's Orders on this Head es-
pecially as there may be good reasons ag't erecting such Works
which from my want of Military Knowledge don't occur to me.
A few Cannon will serve them & these I believe may be spared
from our other Fortifications where they cannot be so service-
able.
2t. This Day some of the Carpenters from, Poughkeepsie ar-
rived here with the Fire Rafts; they are constructed on the
Plan lately transmitted to your Excellency by my Brother; we
are Bussy preparing them & Tomorrow or next Day, hope to be
able to draw them across the River, tho I fear we will be put
to great Difficulty in procuring Anchors, Cables and other Nec-
essaries for placing them. The Combustible matter they are
filled with, will be hardly quick enough without being made so
by some Spirits of Turpentine & Salt Petre; we have not any
of this & I don't (know) where to apply for or how to get these
Articles.
4th. I find large Arrears due to Artificers, Carters & other
People imployed at these Forts in compleating the Works, Since
the Commissioners of Congress were discharged I can't learn
that any Money has been furnished the Commanding Officer for
that Purpose. They are uneasy, disheartened, & do not (in my
Oppinion) do half Work. We dare not drive them till we are
able to pay them & are oblidged to use our own private Credit
:286 Public Papers of George Clinton.
to prevent their leaving us which they threaten & we can't do
without them.
5th. Nothing of any great Importance has happened here since
•my last. On the IGth Instant, the Enemy's Shipping came under
Way & proceeded up the River as far as opposite the stores at
Haverstraw, which is about 8 or 10 Miles from where they lay
■opposite Tarry Town. They discharged a few shot at the
Houses on the West shore doing little or no Damage. This they
were provoked to by the Rable assembling in large Bodies on
Shore & firing at the Shipping tho more than a Mile distant;
The Shipping just returning Shot equal to the Number of VoUies
from our People. Next Day, I ordered Col. Nicoll (with) 80 of
my People into that Neighbourhood & went down there myself.
I found the shores guarded, or rather lined by an undisciplined
Eable under no kind of Subordination to Colo. Hay & Capt.
Keene who were active in doing all they coud but had little in
their Power. I caused the Cattle, Sheep &c., contiguous to the
Shores, to be removed to Places of safety & ordered out 100 of
their Militia & placed them under the Command of My Officer
for the Protection of that Neighbourhood & to prevent (them)
from get supplies of Fresh Provession & Water. In the after-
noon a Tender Sloop made Sail & run up, sounding the Eiver
carefully, as she went in full view & within long shot of our
Battery; we gave her a 32 Pounder which we have reason to
believe hit her; she immediately put about & returned to the
other shipping; plundering, on her Return a small House near
the Shore before our People coud possibly get there.
The 17th, the Rose, Capt. Wallace & the same Tender, came
under Sail. The Tender soon after endeavouring to protect a
Barge our People were firing at, run a ground but got off in
Public Papers op George Clinton. 287
the Evening. The Rose proceeded up within 3 Miles of the Fort
plundered a Poor Man's House & set it on Fire. Capt. Wallace
headed the Party who committed this Robery; his share of the
Plunder was a handkerchief of sallet & a dead Pigg. The
House stood single under the Mountain & we thought the Pov-
erty of the Owner was a sufficient Protection tho we had a Party
near it in a more important Place who were not however able to
^rive Time enough to prevent the Misschief. The Rose fell down
& came to Anchor near where the Tender run a ground. The
next Day the Phenix moved up about 2 Miles & the Rose fell
'down to her where they all now lay about 5 or 6 miles below this
Place & I think I have so disposed of my* A Deserter from the
Rose swam a Shore a few Nights ago; I directed Colo. Nicoll
■& Col. Hay to transmit you his Examination which I hope they
have done. He was a Volluntier in our Service last Summer
-at Boston was taken in a Privatier by the shore last Winter &
-as well known by our Artillery People here.
I am very apprehensive that the Enemy's Shipping from their
moving up so near us & other little Circumstances mean to take
the Advantage of a Dark Night to slip by us; The Shores are
high & bold & the Navigation of course safe & Easy; to prevent
iihis I keep out an Advanced Guard on the extreme Point in view
of the Battery properly prepared to kindle up a large light fire
there; I have also on the Shore opposite the Battery for a con-
-siderable Distance up & down the River, large Piles of light
Brush & Wood mixt with leaves & the best combustible mat-
ter I can procure with proper Persons to fire them on the Signal
-iDeing given from the Point, so that by having the Shipping be-
tween us & those Lights, we will be able to play on them with
•The rest of this sentence is marked through with a pen. — State Historian.
288 Public Papers of George Clinton,
great Advantage while our Shore will be thereby darkened to
them.
The Militia from New England on the East Shore have applied
to our Congress at White Plains for leave to Keturn Home; they
referred them to a Council of War; Genl. Fellows & other Offi-
cers attended here yesterday on that Business; inclosed you have
the Determinations.
I am sorry to trouble your Excellency with so long a Letter;
I am induced to give a particular Account of the Motions of the
Enemy here, possibly by comparing them with their Movements,
below some Judgm't may be formed of their Designs, while DiflS-
dence of my own Judgm't leads me to inform of any little steps
we have taken there I begg may be accepted as an appoligy
for my Prolixity. I am with highest Respect your Excellency's-
Most obed't Serv't,
Geo. Clinton.
[No. 127.]
George Clinton to Major Logan, as to Defence of West Shore of the-
Hudson.
Fort Montgomery 2d Augt. 1776.
To Major Logan.
Sir,
I now send down Lieut. Langdon of Capt. Raymond's Companjr
& Lieut. Brewster of Capt. Moffat's Company with about 70 Men
as well to reinforce your Detachment as to relieve Lieut. McNeal
& Militia under his Command at Haverstraw. I coud wish to
have been able to have sent an Officer to have relieved you before
now but coud not. You are now, however, to be relieved by
Major Cooper, of Colo. Nicoll's Regim't, to whom you will deliver
Public Papers of George Clinton. 289
tlie inclosedi Letter & my 'written Orders to you & Capt. Moffat &
this Letter by whicli his Conduct is to be governed. You'l see
that the Militia now relieved as well those of Haverstraw as of
the upper Detachm't deliver up the Amunition they have received
to those who relieve them. It is absolutely necessary to prevent
every kind of Communication between the Enemies Shipping &
the Shore so as to prevent their getting supplies or intelligence &
as this cannot be done while any Sloops Boats or small Craftt re-
main along Shore. You are, therefore, to cause all such to be re-
moved up to this Place or in the Creek by Colo. Hay'is where a
Guard is to be placed over them but I woud advise that they be
sent there.
Yours
Geo. Clinton.
[No. 128.]
George CUwton Orders Major Cuyler to Protect the West Shore of
the Hudson.
Fort Montgomery 2d Augt. 1776.
To Major Cuyler,
Sir,
You are to take Command of the Party of my Brigade now
under Major Logan for the Protection of the West Shore of
Hudsons River & to prevent the Enemy getting any Supplies or
Intelligence. You'l advise with Major Logan as to stationing
the Men under your Command & govern yourself by the written
Orders I gave to him & Capt. Moffat which I have directed him
to hand over to you. I expect you will keep up proper Dicipline
& be vigilent in your Duty & see that the Soldiery commit no
19
290 Public Papers of George Clinton.
Abuse of any kind on the Inhabitants whom they are to protect
& advise me early of any extraordinary Occurence in your De-
partment.
I am your Humble Serv't,
Geo. Clinton Brig. Genl.
[No. 129.]
Complaints Against the Militia for Misbehavior.
Fort Montgomery 2d Augt. ,1776.
Sir,
Mr. George Shaw informs me that he has been grossly ill
treated by the first Detachment of Militia stationed at Capt.
Lamb's. It is strange that Insults & Abuse shoud be offered
to any Inhabitant by the Militia; you know it is against my re-
peated & positive Orders and altho this shoud have been done
while Capt. Moffat or Colo. Nicoll commanded the Detachment;
I am surprized that I never have been informed of it before. I
therefore now desire you to make strickt Inquiery into this
Affair that I may be able to do Justice by punishing the Perpe-
trators which I will undobtly do. As you Command at Haver-
straw any Pass necessary «& safe to be given to Mr. Shaw or
Familly you have Power to give.
I am your Humble Serv't,
Geo. Clinton Brig. Genl.
To Major Logan.
If any Soldier with you has abused any Inhabitant you will
immediately confine him.
Public Papers of George Clinton. 291
[No. 130.]
Colonel HasbroucJc Ordered to Discharge His Troops with Thanks.
To Colo. Hasbrouck or the next Comananding Officer of the Mi-
litia at Fort Montgomery,
Sir,
Having received Intelligence that several Companies of the
new Levies are on their way hither & near at Hand & the Shore
below being already sufficiently guarded by those Troops Con-
sidering the Buisy Season of the year & the Great Injury the
Country must sustain by detaining Industrious Farmers from
Home any longer than absolute Necessity requires you are to
dismiss your Detachment with Thanks for their orderly Be-
havior & good Service.
Geo. Clinton Brig'r Genl.
4th Augt. 1776.
[No. 131.]
George Clinton to the Ulster County Committee Touching the Condi-
tion of His Brigade.
Fort Montgomery 4th Augt. 1776.
Sir,
Yesterday I received a Resolve of this State ordering Me to
make Return to the Convention on or before the first of Septem-
ber next of the state of the Militia of my Brigade containing
the Names & Ranks of the Officers, The Number of Men, The
Condition of their Arms, The Drafts from Time to Time made &
the number of Men now actually serving as Drafts. This puts me
under the Necessity of calling upon your Body through you, as
I have once before done to arange the several Regiments in your
County & the Officers of such Regiments respectively as are not
292 Public Papers of George Clinton.
already regularly aranged That I may know tlie Ranks of the
Officers and be so far enabled to comply with the said Resolve,
I am with Esteem your
Most Obed't Serv't,
To the Chairman of the Commiittee of Ulster County.
[No. 132.]
Two Letters Affecting Leather for Cartridge Boxes.
New York Augt. 5th, 1776.
Dear Unkle,
I have been very Uneasy at your not been home Sooner; I am
almost Teased to death about the Leather you engaged for the
Cartouch Boxes, Belts &c. the Oficers are here 3 or 4 times a
day expecting you home; as you know it is Impossible to get
it ready before you come home, you Should come without loosing
a moment. Else it will be a great Disapointment to the army &
loss to you; as for my part I am So much engaged at the Hos-
pital that I cannot assist you much, I attend 3 times a day;,
there is nothing new here to acquaint you with, Jacob got home
this morning; You must come without Delay. Believe me D'r
Unkle your Loving Nephew,
John Brickell.
To George Shaw.
Augest 7, 1776, Rockey Hill.
Der Sir,
I Rec'd this Letter this moringen, and was one my way Hom
When I Rec'd your Letter, which I lind I must apeare a Friday
Next with my Evedence, which will be out of my Power to Geet
them to Gether; and one of them Gon with the woman to Al-
beney or Scotak (Schodack) and, if your Excelencey Cold post-
pond it Eight or ten Dayes, till I Go Hom and Geet the Lether
Redey for the armey, then I shall Retorn her and a tend your
Public Papbirs of George Clinton.
293
Excelencey with what Evedence I Can Geet. Deare Sir, I hve
Ingaged the Lether for the tropes and Has Nobodey to finessh
it But my Selfe. Sir, It wold be of Greet Sarves to me to ablig
me with the Request. Excuse me for I have No peper, Nor
wafer.
(George Shaw.)
For His Excelencey Brig. Generall George Clinton,
at Fort Mongomery.
[No. 133.]
Aug. 5, 1776 — Abstract of Returns and Pay of Colonel HashroucVs
Regiment,
A PAY ABSTRACT of a Detachment of Militia of General
Oeorge Clinton's Brigade, of the Counties of Ulster and Orange,
in the State of New York, ordered into the Service of the United
States of America, Pursuant to a Letter from his Excellency
•General Washington, dated 13th July 1776, and posted at Fort
Montgomery and other the most convenient Defiles, for defend-
ing the .Passes in the High Lands with the Time of their Entr-
ing into Service till the Time of their Dismission both Days in-
cluded.
Number of Officers &
Privates,
1 Colonel
1 Lieut. Colonel
1 Major
6 Captains
1 Do
30 Lieutenants
2 Do
4 Ensisjns
1 Adjutant
1 Quarter Master
29 Serjeants
20 Corporals
4 Drummers & Flfers
S24 Privates
11 Do
4 Do
When
Inlisted
In Service.
July
29 th
Do
Do
Do
Do
Do
Do
Do
Do
Do
Do
Do
Do
Do
Do
Do
Do
Do
Do
Do
Do
Do
Do
Do
Do
Do
Do
Do
Do
Do
31
When dis-
charK'd from
Service.
August Sth
Do Do
Do
Do
Do
Do
Do
Do
Do
Do
Do
Do
Do
Do
July
Augt.
Do
Do
1st
5
1st
5th
Do
Do
Do
Do
Do
Do
31
Time in
Service.
Wages
pr. Mo.
Wages
£
s.
D.
£
S.
8 days
20
0
0
5
U
Do
IH
0
0
4
5
Do
13
6
8
3
11
Do
lO
13
4
17
1
4 Days
10
13
4
1
8
8 Days
7
4
0
19
3
4 Days
7
4
0
1
18
8 Days
5
6
8
5
13
Do
7
fi
8
1
19
Do
7
fi
8
1
19
Do
3
4
0
24
13
Do
a
18
8
15
12
Do
2
18
8
3
2
Do
2
13
4
230
8
3 Days
2
13
4
2
15
6 Do
a
13
4
2
£339
3
17
4
1
0
5
6 3/4
4 1/4
9
1 1/4
1 1/4
0
6
8
0
10 1/3
0
294
Public Papers of George Clinton.
(Cap tail! )
U./
(Lieuts.)
Lts./
(Ensigns.)
E./
Captin (Arthur) Smith
Capt'ii (Samuel) Watkins
Capt. (Bordwine) Terpining
Capt. (Cornelius) Masten
Lt. (Edward) McNeal
Capt. (John) Little
Capt. (Wenzer) Owens
Capt. (Hendrick)Yan Keuren
1
1
1
1
0
1
1
1
2
2
1
1
1
2
1
2
1
1
0
1
0
0
1
1
12
5
[No. 134.]
Mr. George Shaw Imlites Another Epistle to Gen. Glinton and Prefers
Charges against Lieut. Horton.
Augest. 5 1776. (Forest of) Dean.
Sir,
I was at Fort Mongmery yesterday and Expeced to Have Seen
your Excelnecy ther, But found that you ware Goon oup to the
ouper Fort, and I mist Seein you; I had notes of the place
that part of my Good was Conseld, and I aplied to the Comander
for a Gard if I wold pay them ; I a Greed to pay them fore Shil-
linges pr. Day for Each man, But I most Finde them privisions
But that was Not in my Power, and so I Left of Eyen trublen
my Selfe a Gen a Bought them. Madem Patrick, at the Forness
(Furnace) telles me that Leftenent Hoten had the Dekanter in
his Hand at Hor Hous and wanted Rum in it, for it is very Re-
markebl for as Sun as I be Gun to talk of it shee told me that
Hoten Had it with Him. Sir, I Should ben Glad to Have the
Hapness of Seen you But mist of it. Sir, I wissh you all the
Hapness in the world and Blive me to be your well wissher,
George Shaw.
For Brig. Ginrall George Clinton at Fort Mongomery.
Public Papers of George Clinton. 295
[No. 135.]
George Clinton Instructs Colonels Snyder and Hornhecic Relative to
Raising Recruits.
Fort Montgomery 6th Augt. 1776.
Gentlemen, i
I am sorry to learn that you have not yet been able to raise
the Quota of Men out of your Regimts, agreable to the Resolve
of the Congress of this State of the 16th Ult. The Bounty &
pay are so generous, the Service so necessary & Honorable, that
I coud not have imagined that there woud have been the least
Difflculty in raising those Levies especially in a County so well
affected to the Cause of their Country. I thought it unnecessary,
therefore, to call the Field Officers together to consult on Meas-
ures for raising the Men; add to this my Situation & Command
ever since I received the Resolve woud not admit of my absence
from here. This Morning Colo. Pawling called upon me to con-
sult on the Subject; we are fully of Opinion that the Men ought
to be raised without Delay; & that as a sufficient Number has
not volvintarily enlisted, you proceed to draft the Defficiency in
each deficient Company, only observing that wherever any four
in such Company have classed themselves together Sc furnished
their one fourth Man, they in Justice & of Right, ought to be
exempted from such Draft. Shoud this Agree with the Senti-
ments of a Majority of the Field Officers of your Respective
Regts. I hope in such Case it may be immediately carried into
Execution. I am with much Respect D S's,
Yours &c.
G. C.
296 Public Papers of George Clinton.
[No. 136.]
George Clinton takes up George Shawns Charges against Lieutenant
Horion. '
Sir,
In Consequence of the Complaint contained in your Letter of
the 5th Instant against Lieutenant Horton of my Brigade, I have
ordered him to be arrested and shall convene a Court Martial
for Inquiering into his Conduct while an OflQcer, at Capt. Lamb's
at Haverstraw, on Friday Morning next at 10 o'Clock in the
Morning at Fort Montgomery at which Time & Place I expect
you will attend with such Evidence as can Testify any Thing
against him or those under his immediate Command. I am in-
duced to this Measure as well from a Desire of doing you Jus-
tice, if any Injury has been done you, as that the OflQcer whose
Character is so highly impeached may, if Innocent, have Justice
done to his Reputation; & must therefore insist on your Attend-
ance. I am your
Humble Serv't,
Geo. Clinton Brig'r Gen.
Haverstraw 6th Augt. 177G.
To Mr. George Shaw.
August 7th, 1776. This Day George Shaw came to my House
& I delivered a Copy of the within Letter to him. A. Hawkes Hay.
[No. 137.]
General Clinton Invited to Blend Military and Legislative Duties.
Harlem Church, Augt. 7th.
D'r Sir,
There is an order on the minutes for transmitting you the en-
closed:
Public Papers op George Clinton. 297
I am uneasy that the Convention will be deprived of your
assistance in forming a Government, And the Congress deprived
of your aid on the affair of the Continental Confederation; the
latter I do not understand, but conceive it is something of great
Importance.
The Committee of this Convention to report a form of Govern-
ment are peremptorily ordered to report on the 26th Instant.
All members who possibly can, ought to attend while that is
under Consideration. I shall be unhappy if you are absent. My
Love to my Sister, my best CompFs to Mrs. Clinton, Mrs. Tappen
and the young Ladies your Daughters; as the only expectations
I now can have in the Family must arise from them.
I am D'r Sir yours affectionately,
John McKesson.
(Gen George Clinton).
[No. 138.]
George Clinton Resents George Shawns Efforts to Delay Lieutenant
Morton^s Trial.
Fort Montgomery 7th Augt. 1776.
Sir,
I this Moment received yours, requesting an Adjournment
of the Court Martial for 8 or 10 Days, on Account of your Busi-
ness calling you to New York Sc the Absence of one Witness;
When you first applied to me «& complained of Abuse received
from a Part of the Militia under my Command, I promised you
shoud have Justice done you as far as in my Power & that if
you woud point out any one or more Officers among them &
furnish me with their Names & the substance of your Charge
ag't them, I would confine them & have them (tried) by a Court
298 Public Papers of George Clinton.
Martial. I received your Letter last Sunday, fixing the Charge on
Lieut. Horton and accordingly arrested him & ordered a Court
Martial to inquire into his Conduct & try him for any Misde-
meanor while at Hawerstraw. He is not by the Martial Law to
be confined longer than 8 days. It was wrong in you to exhibit
a Charge ag't an Officer & send the Evidence away by whom you
coud prove it. Your Non Attendance on Account of your private
Business will not Justify me in keeping him under an Arrest for
a longer Time than (the) Law limits, besides it is, furthermore
loosing his Service as an Officer without any proof of Gruilt. If
you attend & give good Reasons for postponing the Tryal it shall
be done if I can legally do it. I doubt not Mr. Horton will con-
sent to an Adjournment. [Gr. C]
[To George Shaw.]
[No. 139.]
m COMMAND OF THE LOWER RIVER COUNTIES.
Act of New York Convention at Harlem, Appointing George Clin-
ton Commander of all the Forces between Kings Bridge and
PoJceepsie.
In Convention of the Representatives of the State of New
York, Harlem August 8th 1776.
RESOLVED unanimously that Brigadier General Clinton, be
and he hereby is, appointed to the Command of all the Levies
raised, and to be raised in the Counties of Ulster, Orange and West
Chester, agreable to the Resolutions of this Convention of the
sixteenth day of July last.
RESOLVED that General Clinton be informed of this Ap-
pointment and directed immediately to send Expresses to the
Counties of Ulster, Dutchess, Orange and West Chester, and
Public Papers of George Clinton. 299
order them to hasten their Levies and to march them down to the
Fort now erected on the North side of Kings Bridge, leaving two
hundred men under the Command of a Brave & alert Officer to
take possession of and throw up works at the pass of Anthonys
Nose.
RESOLVED that General Clinton be requested to order the
Troops of Horse belonging to the Counties of Ulster, Orange
and West Chester immediately to march to such posts as he may
think proper that they should Occupy, in order to watch the
motions of the Enemies Ships of war now in Hudsons Elver.
Extracts from the Minutes.
John McKesson Secry.
[No. 140.]
Colonel Snyder TTrifes to George Clinton, and Intimates a Mutinous
Spirit Among the Militia.
Kingston August 9th 1776.
Sir,
I Received Yours of the 6th Instant and agreeable To your
advise, I have Consulted the field officer of our Regiment and
agreed with your and Coll. Pawling's opinion and accordingly
I have ordered the Severall Capts. to Compleat Their Quota
of men by Drafts, and to Cause Such Drafts To be in
Kingston on Wednesday, the 14th, of this Instant, In order to
Proceed to Joyn the Regiment under Coll. Pawling, Now at or
Near Fort Mongomerie, in the Highlands; And Liut. Schoon-
maker is to Set out to Joyn Coll. Pawling with a party, Belong-
ing to Capt. Cantyn's Company to morrow.
I must also acquaint you that I have ordered to apprehand,
Samuel Freligh, John Young Si Elias Teerpenning, who Engaged
300 Public Papers of George Clinton.
to go in tbe Service with Capt. Jan L.. Dewitt, Now Stationed
in Newyork, Under Brigadier Scott, and Instead of Joyning the
Company in Kingston, they absconded and Kept out of the way;,
if they or any of them shoud be taken, and Brought to you, you
will order them to their Corps or Under Such Command as you
think Proper, for in Justice they Shoud do Duty, if Not we will
Not be able to Eaise men for the futer.
I must also acquaint you that by virtue of Resolve of Congress,
Passed the 22nd August 1775, I ordered the malitia Under my
Command and the troop of horse as well as the Rest of the
malitia, in order to Raise the one fourth men of the Severall
Companys all the officers willing to comply with said order,
Except the troop of horse, the Capt. of said troop having ap-
■ plyed to Congress to be Excused if Not he woud Resign his Com-
mission and Dissolve the Company, I Just Now Received a
Resolve of Congress Passed the 7th Instant, for that purpose,
and, as I Conceive you will be Served with a Copy of said Re-
solve, it is Needless to say any thing; but this I acquainted the
Congress, that if the troop Shoud be Excused to turn out a
Proportion of men to Defend their Country, it woud Effect
a mutiny among us for they are Chiefly the Principle People
in the County & at this Present time Numbers Declare if the
troop is Exempted they will Not go, So that I am afraid I will
Not be able Now to march the Numiber of men ordered for this
Present Service, Provided you order the troop as you are Em-
powred by the Last Resolve, for they are Solely under your
command, this by your most obedient Serv't,
Job's Snyder.
Public Papers of George Clinton. 301
[No. 141.]
General Clinton Orders Col. Jansen to Proceed to PeeksMll with his
New Levies.
Fort Mont Gomery 9th Augt. 1776.
D'r Sir,
I have to inform you that I have this Day received a Resolve
of the Convention of this State dated yesterday, appointing me
to the Command of the New Levies, raised in the Counties of
Ulster, Dutchess, Orange and West Chester and (in Consequence
of some Accounts received by them from General Washington
of a very Important Nature) direeting me to march with said
Levies with the utmost Expedition to the Post erected on the
North Side of King's Bridge. You'l, therefore, use your utmost
endeavours to compleat the raising of those Levies and for-
with order the marching of those already raised, & yet in the
Oounty of Ulster to Peeks Kill, where an Officer will be left
to make the necessary Provision for expediting their March to
the aforesaid Post. I propose marching with those already here
Tomorrow & expect to be soon joined by you with the Rear,
as I doubt not, but you will exert yourself on this Occasion.
I am your
Most Obed't Serv't,
Geo. Clinton, Brig'r Genl.
To Lieut. Colo. Jansen.
[No. 142.]
€ol. Nicoll Ordered to Fort Montgomery, Col. Cupper to Command
at Haverstraw.
Fort Montgomery 9th Augt. 1776.
D'r Sir,
The Convention of this State having received Information from
General Washington of a very Important Nature by their Re-
302 Public Papers of George Clinton.
solve of yesterday just now received, they have ordered me to
march the new Levies under my Command to occupy the Post
erected on the North Side of King's Bridge, and I propose ac-
cordingly to march for that Place Tomorrow. I now send Lieut.
Colo. Cuyper to Haverstraw, to take the Command of the De-
tachment for protecting the West Shore and I have ordered in
for that Purpose, the Ulster & Orange Companies or Troops
of Horse. I also now send down with Colo. Cuyper one of the
Haverstraw & Capt. Plain's Company. You and your Major
with Capts. Moffat's & Eaymond's Companies will, therefore, im-
mediately join me. I woud advise you, if you can conveniently,
to let the Major & the two Companies cross in Boats to Colo.
Cortland's store above Taller's (Teller's) Point & you repair to
Peeks Kill, or here with all possible Expedition. If Capt. Plain's
Company is not full & you think it absolutely necessary you can
leave either Moffat's (or) Raymond's Company untill the Horse
arive there to join us. I am your
H Serv't,
Geo. Clinton, B. Genl.
(To Col. Nicoll.)
[No. 143.]
Lieutenant-Colonel Guyper^s Orders.
Fort Montgomery 9th Augt. 1776.
To Lieut. Colo, Cuyper,
Sir, ;
As I have this Day received Directions from Congress to march
the new raised Levies under my Command to occupy the Post
erected on the North Side of Kings Bridge, I have ordered in
the two Companies or Tfoops of Horse in Ulster & Orange Ooun-
Public Papers of George Clinton. 303
ties to assist in protecting the West Shore of Hudsons River
from this Place downwards as far as may be necessary. I have
also ordered for this Purpose, Capt. Blain's one of the Haver-
straw Companys now here & the Levies raised & to be raised in
the Orange Town &c. Regiment; You are, therefore, to take the
Command of these Troops, and by placing proper Guards along
said Shore in the most Advantageous Defiles Sc Places prevent the
Enemy from getting any supplies or Intelligence or from com-
mitting any Injury on the Inhabitants, I expect & don't doubt, but
in the Execution of this Command you will be active & vigilent,
keeping up proper Dicipline & take special Care that no Insult be
offered or Damage done by those under your Command to the
Inhabitants & I am your
Humble Serv't,
Geo. Clinton, Brig'r Genl.
Major Thompson Placed in Command of Fort Independence.
Cr/)ton's River 12th Augt. 1776.
To Major Thompson,
Sir, I
You are forwith to repair to the Hill on which a Fortification
is now erecting on the Northwest Side of the Mouth , of Peeks
Kill near the House of one Brower & take the Command of four
Companies of my Brigade which I have ordered there, to carry
on those Works and defend that Pass which the Convention of
this State conceive to be very Important. You are to carry on
the Works under the Directions of Mr, Machin the Engineer who
will render yOu every Assistance in his Power in forwarding the
same. This Command I am particularly directed by Congress to
give to a brave & alert Officer; & I have not the least doubt but
304 Public Papers of George Clinton.
as well in expediting the Works as defending the same your con-
duct will be such as to justify me in this Appointment.
I am your
Most Obed't Serv't,
Geo. Clinton, Brig'r Genl.
Note.) Same Day wrote Colo. Swarthoud to march & join me
at K. (Kings) Bridge leaving Major Thompson to Command near
Peek's Kill.
[No. 144.]
Brigadier-General Morris Ordered to Aid in Forwarding the New
Levies to Eingsbridge.
Fort Montgomery 9th Augt. 1776.
Sir,
I have to inform you that I have this Day received a Resolve
of the Convention of this State dated yesterday, appointing me
to the Command of the new Levies raised in the Counties of
Ulster, Dutchess, Orange and West Chester and (in Consequence
of some Accounts received by them from Genl. Washington of a
very important Nature), directing me to send Expresses into those
Counties, ordering the said Levies to march with the utmost
Expedition to the Post erected on the North Side of Kings Bridge.
I, therefore, take the liberty of calling upon you to order &
forward the march of those raised in your Brigade to that Post
in the most expeditious Manner. At the same Time begg you
will be kind enough to forward the enclosed to the Capt. or
Officer comimanding the Troop of Horse in your County, as I do
not know his Name or where he resides. I am with much
Esteem your
Most Obed't Serv't,
Geo. Clinton, Brig'r Genl.
To Brigadier Genl. Morris.
Public Papers op George Clinton. 305
[No. 145.]
Brigadier-General Ten Broeck Ordered to Do Likewise.
Fort Montgomery 9th Augt. 1776.
Sir,
I have to inform you that I have this Day received a Resolve
of the Convention of this State, dated yesterday, appointing me
to the Command of the New Levies raised in the Counties of
Ulster, Dutchess, Orange and West Chester and (in Consequence
of some Accounts received by them from General Washington
of a very Important Nature) directing me to send Expresses into
those Counties ordering the said Levies to march with the Utmost
Expedition to the Post erected on the North Side of Kings Bridge.
I therefore take the Liberty of calling upon you to order & for-
ward the March of those raised in your Brigade in the most
Expeditious Manner. I shall march Tomorrow with those already
here leaving an Officer at Peek's Kill to bring up the Rear of the
Brigade. I submit it to you whether those behind living near the
River had not better come that far by Watter, from whence proper
Provision will be made for their March by Land to the Place of
their 'Destination. I am your
Most Obed't Serv't,
, G. C. Brig'r Ge'l.
To Brigadier Genl. Tenbroeck.
[No. 146.]
€olonel Woodhull Ordered to March His New Levies to Eingsbridge.
Fort Montgomery 9th Augt. 1776.
D'r Sir,
I have to inform you that I have this Day received a Resolve
of the Convention of this State, dated yesterday, appointing me
to the Command of the New Levies raised in the Counties of
20
306 Public Papers of George Clinton.
Ulster, Dutchess, Orange and West Chester and, (in Consequence
of soiue Accounts received 'by them from Oeneral Washington
of a very Important Nature), directing me to send Expresses into
those Counties to forward the raising of said Levies and to march
them with the utmost Expedition to the Post erected on the North
Side of Kings Bridge, I ipropose marching with such of said
Levies as are here for that Post Tomorrow, & must begg that you
will make it your peculiar Care & Business to expedite the raising
& march of those yet behind in your County on both sides of the
Mountain. I will leave an Officer at Peek's Kill to bring up the
Rear & make the proper Provisions for forwarding their March.
You'l please also to forward the inclosed Letter to Capt. Woodhull
immediately. I am with imuch Esteem your
Most Obed't Serv't,
Geo. Clinton, Brig'r Genl.
To Colo. Woodhull.
[No. 147.]
Gapt. Salisbury Ordered to Go ivith His Troop of Horse to Haver-
straw, and to Establish Posts at Tarrytown and at Pierre Tan
Gortlandfs.
Fort Montgomery 9th Augt. 1776.
Sir,
In Consequence of two Resolves of the Convention of this State
the first dated the 7th instant, impowering me to order out the
whole or any Part of the Troops of Horse of the Counties of
Ulster, Dutchess, Orange and West Chester until the last of
Decemher next, if I shall judge it necessary, the lOther Dated yes-
terday, requesting me to order the Troops of Horse of Ulster,
Orange, & West Chester immediately to march to such Posts as
I should judge proper that they should occupy, in Order to watch
Public Papers of George Clinton. 307
tlie Motion of the Enemy's Shipping now in Hudson's Kiver; You
are hereby ordered forthwith, to march the Troop of Horse under
your Command, icompleatly equiped & accoutred, to the House
of the Widow of John Denoyelles, Esqr. deceased, at Haverstraw^
& occuppy for the above Purpose such Posts on the West Shore
of Hudson's Eiver as shall be directed by Lieut. Colo. Cuyper who
commands the Detachm't of my Brigade now there, under whose
immediate Command you are to be, until further Orders from your
Humble Serv't,
Geo. Clinton, Brig'r Genl.
To Capt. Silvester Salisbury.
One half thereof to Tarry Town, the other half to Colo. Piere
Van Cortlandt's, & there occuppy the most advantageous Posts on
the East Shore of Hudson's River, for the above Purpose & for
preventing the Enemy from getting any Supplies or Intelligence
in which you will use the utmost Care & Vigilence.
[No. 148.]
The GeneraVs Motlier-in-Laio Bememhers Him.
Sir,
By Capt. Johnson Send 144 wite Pine Planck, 2 lb. Tea, & ^ lb.
Snuff, Sent by Your Mother in Law, now at my house with Your
Daughter Cate, and Desire to be Remambred to You & Spouse^
all the family of Mr. Tappin is in Good health; Please to Send
me word by Capt. Johnson if Yo have ockasion for any more
bords as I am Going to Albiny; my Love to You and Youres.
From your frind and —
Hend. J. Sleght.
In Kingston Augt. 10 1776.
Gen. George Clinton.
308 Public Papers of George Clinton.
[No. 149.]
Instructions to Lieut. Machin in the Construction of the Works at
Anthony's Nose.
Fort Montgomery 10th Augt. 1776.
To Lieut. Machine,
As I am ordered to march with the new Levies to Kings Bridge,
and as you will want many Necessaries for compleating the new
works we have begun on the South Side of Poplopen's Kill, and
the works to be erected for securing the Pass at Anthony's Nose,
You are to use your best Endeavours by all means in your Power,
applying to Colo. Clinton from Time to Time for his advice and to
purchase & procure such Articles as may be wanted of which the
Clerk of the Check is to keep a just Account. The Artificers
already imployed & such other as may be wanted, are in the erect-
ing of these Works to be under your Direction, for which Colo.
Clinton will give the necessary orders.
Geo. Clinton, Brig'r Genl.
[No. 150.]
A Genuine Patriot.
Blaggs Clove, 12th Augt. 1776.
S'r,
By your calling Capt. Woohuls Company, of Light Horse to
Haverstraw, I am intirely stript of Hands to carry on my business
having but one Negro and a Boy left with me, and the most of
my Hay to get — (no hands are to be had for hire) besides if they
are continued long I shall be unable to sow any winter grain. I
am willing however, to submit to any inconveniency that absolute
necessity requires — ^but if it is anyways consistant with your duty,
I should take it as a favour, if you would, to let either my son or
Public Papers of George Clinton. 309
grandson Keturn home as soon as possible. I am with the most
profound Eespect
Sir, .Your most Obedient, and Very Humble Servant,
Hezekiah Howell.
To Gen. George Clinton.
[No. 151.]
Colonel Thomas Ordered to March His Regiment Forthwith to Kings-
hridge.
Croton's River 12th Augt. 1776.
Sir,
You are forwith to march with your Regiment, with all possible
Expedition to the Fort erected on the North Side of Kings Bridge
& join that Part of my Brigade now there, leaving Capt. Brinton
Paine's Company where they are now stationd; Companies to
guard the Shore of Hudson's River from Croton River upwards
in such Manner as to prevent the Enemies getting any Supplies.
or Intelligence & from Injuring the Inhabitants. I am your
Most Humble Serv't,
Geo. Clinton, Brig'r Genl.
[To Col. Thomas.]
[No. 152.]
Christopher Tappen Doubtful Whether He Will Be Able to Attend a
Great Official Function.
Poughkeepsie Augt. 14, 1776.
D'r Brother;
It was out of my power to call at your House the Day I left the
Fort, nor have I heard from the Family since — as the Business
of the Committee Increase upon our Hands, I doubt much
whether I will be able to attend the Convention on the 26th being
310 Public Papers of George £!lintqn.
the Day appointed for to Eeceive the report of Committee ap-,
pointed to Draft the Form of Government. I understand by some,
of the Gent'n here that in some of the Counties the County Com-
mittee have recommanded Gent'n for some of the Civil Officers,
I do not know of any such Thing in our County, think it hov^ever
advisable in you to Secure the Clerk's Office for our County.
I am, Your Affectionate Brother,
Christ'r Tappen.
To Brig'r Genl. George Clinton near Kings Bridge.
[No. 153.]
Gen. Clinton Directed to Protect and Recover Exposed Gannon.
In Convention of the Representatives of the State of Nev^ York,
Harlem, August 16th 1776.
The Convention were informed that a Numiber of Cannon are yet
laying beyond Kings Bridge, and so exposed that they may be
taken by the Enemy should an attempt of that Kind be made, at
the same Time that they are necessary for the defence of the
Works at General Clinton's Encampment.
RiESOLVED that General Clinton be requested with all pos-
sible Dispatch to remove all the Cannon fit for use which lie near
the Road to New Rochell;, to his encampment, and that this Con-
vention will defray the Contingent Charges.
RESOLVED that General Clinton be requested to employ as
many Carpenters as possible to make Carriages for such Guns as
he thinks necessary for the defence of the works to the northward
of Kings Bridge.
Extract from the Minutes.
John McKesson, Secr'y.
General Clinton. -
Public Papers of George Clinton. 311
[No. 154.]
To Lieutenant-Colonel Guy per, Ordered from Haver straw to Kmgs-
'bridge.
Kings Bridge 18th Augt. 1776.
Sir,
As The Enemy's Shipping have this Morning passed Our Bat-
tery here, & fell down to join the Rest of their Fleet, the Shore
now can be sufiQciently guarded by the Companies of Horse
ordered in for that Purpose. You are, therefore, immediately
to march down here with the whole Detachment of my Brigade
under your Command, the two Haverstraw Companies excepted,
which I expect have agreable to my last Orders to you, already
joined Major Thompson at the New Works erecting near Peeks
Kill; if not, they are now again ordered there. You can come
safely by Water to Spuyten Duyvel Creek & I desire your March
here be conducted with the utmost Expedition. I am your
Most Humble Serv't,
Geo. Clinton, Brig'r Genl.
You'l Hand over your former Orders to the Commanding Offi-
cer of the Companies of Horse.
To Colo. Cuyper.
[No. 155.]
Major Thompson Ordered to Push to Completion the Works in the
Highlands.
King's Bridge 18th Augt. 1776.
Sir,
The Enemy's Shippimg for some Time past in Hudson's River
have this Morning passed by our Batteries, & I suppose by this
Time joined their Fleet, & tho' we have reason to believe they
312 Public Papers of George Clinton.
received considerable Damage, yet it is plain neither our Ob-
structions in the River or Batteries are sufficient to> stop their
Passage, & therefore, the strenghening the most Important
passes in your Quarter continues to be of great Importance; I
doubt not but you will exert yourself in forwarding that neces-
sary Business, & hope the four Companies ordered for that Ser-
vice, to wit, Capt. Nicoll & Capt. Conkling from Ulster County
and the two raised out of Colo. Hays Regiment in HaverstraWy
Orange County, have all joined you; if not, you are to order them
in with all possible Expedition.
You are to make Weekly Returns to me of the State of the
Detachment under your Command & please to let me know from
Time, what forwardness you have (made in) your Different
Works.
The Enemy's Shipping passing by Fort Washington were
hulled by several Shott; what Damage they have received at New
York & other Batteries I have not yet learned. We have no
late Intelligence worth communicating; we continue in daily
Expectations of an Attack.
I am your Most Humble Serv't,
Geo. Clinton, Brig. Gen.
To Major Thompson.
[No. 156.]
A Gossipy Letter from Rohert R. Livingston to George Clinton.
Dear George,
I wrote to you some time ago explaining my sentiments on the
supposed intentions of the enemy in which I find I have rather
been mistaken. I wrote likewise to you om our political state &
Public Papers of George Clinton. 313
the necessity we are under of having your assistance, of which
you would be fully convinced if you could attend to the manoe-
vers of some persons for one week. Let me hear from you on
these subjects as soon as possible. We have just rec'd an ac-
count of Schuyler's resignation, I am extreamly sorry for it, both
on his own account & that of the publick, which will I dare say
suffer greatly by his withdrawing at this critical season; we
shall endeavour to continue him.
We have just reeved an affidavid of a Hessian Deserter who
left Montreal, the 24th June. It is but just when I require news
of you, that I should contribute my mite to your amusement, 1
therefore enclose a copy of it. Our army at Ticonderoga are in
good spirits & consist of about 12000 men, so that I hope we shall
be pretty safe on that quarter for this year at least.
As you saw from the Letter of yesterday that publick letters
will be required from you, when you answer mine direct to me
in my private capacity & enclose the news in a separate piece of
paper. I know this task will be inconvenient, I shall devise
some means to rid you of it in two or three days, in the mean
while I must beg you to take it upon you, & be as minute as
possible in your accounts. Least you sh'd not think of it, tell
us if any troops are left in town or Bunker Hill — what our loss
was on Sunday, & explain to me if you please the reason of that
loss, for I much fear there was some misconduct in our Officers.
We have heard some thing of a ship^s being blown up, is this
a fact, or only the lie of the day? Nothing is more confused &
contradictory than the stories we hear, since they take their
complection from the fears or hopes of those who tell them.
You must lead us out of this labirinth, which God grant you may
314 Public Papers of George Clinton.
shortly have it in your power to do by a victory so deeicive as
will amid only of one construction.
I am, Dear George,
Yours, Most sincerely,
Robt. R. Livingston.
Fisbkill IStli Augt. 1776.
Brigadier Genl. George Clinton, Kingsbridge.
[No. 157.]
Family Gossip from Peter Tappen to Gen. Clinton.
]^ew Windsor 19th Augst. 1776.
Dear Brother,
I Received yours this Morning at your house with two Inclosed,
one to Genl. James Clinton the other to your Wife, which I
Delivered Immediately; we were all happy to hear you are well.
Agreeable to your Request before you Left Fort Montgomery I
went up on Saturday Brought Down Mr. King, Sister, and the
three young Ladies; I Returned with them yesterday, when I
found My wife at your house all well; Sister Jo, Better of her
cough; I Dont remember of hearing her Cough at all, she seems
to be very happy, is not more uneasy about you than when you
where at Montgomery.
Business at your house goes on as well as it can, Considering
the wett weather; they being engaged in gifting in your hay; my
Negro is their with two white men.
Genl. James Clinton Came up with me; he is gone to see his
Family. I am waiting his Return, when we shall Immediately
Return to the fort. Sister Left some Cleen linen with me when
she was Down, for you; she has put up some other things in
your trunk which I shall send Down; the Bed and fishing lines
Public Papers of George Clinton. 315
T will also send; Caty has no Butter with her at prisent. I
had some lately I Propose sending you some of that.
I am sorry those Shiping have Been able to go off again as
they have, I think it a matter of Importance that that pass
should be affactually stoped as well as at Fort Montgomery; the
12 pound Cariages have come Down from Poughkeepsie. I think
the guns will be mounted to day. Business goes on Slow at
Montgomery since you left it, nothing has been Done except to
the small Battery upon the south side of the kill. If Coll.
Humphry can but git his Officers together toi sing Salms and
tell people how well he can Govern men withot Swearing at
them he is Content.
I am Your Aff'e & Lov'g Brother,
Peter Tappen.
P. S. while I was gone, Capt. Tappen who was very sick went
home and took your Pillows with him.
[To Gen. Geo. Clinton.]
[No. 158.]
Military Operations Suspended to Give the Militia an Opportunity
to Care for Their Crops.
In Committee of Safety, Harlem Augt. 19th 1776.
Sir,
Application has been made to us, as a Committee of the Con-
vention in their adjournm't, from Saturday last, by Captain
Woodhull of the Orange Troop, (with your permission as he says)
to request a dismission from present service at Hudsons River,
If you should be of Opinion that they may return home, con-
sistant with the public safety, you will no doubt give them per-
mission, as it will certainly be a Benefit both to them & the State
316 Public Papers of George Clinton.
if they can be allowed to give isome atteiition to their farms, even
for a Short Time.
This matter we however submit entirely to your Judgm't as
you can form the best opinion what men you can relieve from
Duty, and at what Time their Services may be dispensed with.
We are respectfully. Sir your very humble Servants,
By order,
Wm. Smith Chairman.
■General. Clinton.
[No. 159.]
Military and Farming Operations in the Highlands.
Red Hooke, August ye 20, 1776.
My Deare General,
I Received Youre favours of The Eightenth, And Am Glad To
heare of Youre Health. I Came To this Place, the Day You Left,
fort Montgomery And The Next morning went To work with all
The Company Except Ten, Under The Direction of Mr. Machin;
Sent home Mr. Jackson's Sloope The Day following, by Mr.
Mackey & Lievt Wood's Son, Both Good Men To Mow, & ordered
Them Not to Return Till Such time As the hay 'wass finished,
They have Not yet Returned Owing To the Badness of The wea-
ther, Scarce One Day withoute Raine.
Mrs. Clinton wass Last Sabbath at fort Montgomery; had Not
The Pleasure of Seeing her; beared youre family wass well.
Youre wisdom as For other Things, So In the Appointment of An
Expert OfQcer To the Command in this Place will Show It Self,
by The work That Is Done in the Shortness of The time; Con-
sidering The Badness of The weather he himself being almost all
The time with The Men in the feild & Both officers & Soldiers
Cheirfully obey The Orders That are Given- I am Sorry To Heare
Public Papers of George Clinton. 317
Them Pirats have Got Oute of The River; was in hopes They
wass Oure Own. I am well; Mj Love To jyoure Self, Brother
Isaac, Coll. Pawlin & Major Logan & Am, My D'r General,
Youre Sinceare freind. And Hnmble Serv't,
John Nicoll.
Gen. George Clinton.
[No. 160.]
Major Thompson Reports to George Clinton, in Regard to the Works
at Anthony'' s Nose and the Troops There.
Red hook, near Peekskill 20th Augt. 1776.
Hon'd Sir,
Yours of the 18th Instant I have Rec'd and shall Exert myself
to the utmost of my ability in forwarding the fortification you
have been Pleased to honor me with the Command of; I arived
here the 14th Instant, and found Capt. Nicoll with his Company
here; the Day following Capt. Derunde arived from Haverstraw
and the next Day Capt. Underdunk arived from the same place;
Capt. Conklin's Company Passed by last Saturday on there way
to Kingsbridge and several other Companies pass'd the same Day ;
I should have Detained one of those Companies but Did not Know
which was Order'd to this Station.
We have had a Very Rainy season here since my arival and no
where to shelter the men; however I have Procured some boards
and Erected some huts that iwill Shelter the men from the wet
and have mad an Entrenchment of about Eighty yards Long and
ten feet wide and about three feet and a half Deep under the
Direction of Mr. Machine who Encourages me that we shall soon
have our works in a Good state of Defence; if we can have the
Compliment of men assigned to this place and as Capt Conklin's
Company is at Kingsbridge Pray, you would Order them here and
318
Public Papers of George Clinton.
if Consistant with the Service should be very Glad of another
Company at this station. i
The Officers and Soldiers shew the utmost Elacrity in Perform-
ing their Duty; I hope we shall soon be able to Defend ourselves
as well as the Passage into the Country this way if we have
timely assistance sufficient to Carry on our works. I have en-
closed the state of my Detachment and shall from Time to Time
inform you of the situation our works are in
I am Hon'd Sir with the utmost Respect your most Humble
Serv't,
Israel Thompson, Major.
Major Thompson's Morning Report August 20, 1776.
A Morning Report of the three Companies stationed at Red
Hook under the Command of Major Thompson 20th Augt. 1776.
Capt.
Lie't.
Ser't.
Corp'l.
D'r.
flfe.
Private.
Capt. Nieoll
Capt. Dernnders
Capt. Underdunk
1
1
1
2
2
2
3
3
3
3
3
3
1
1
1
1
1
50
41
45
Total
Sick in the three Com'es.
3
3
6
1
5
9
1
8
9
9
3
3
2
136
13
fit for Duty
2
123
Copy.
Out of the above Number we are Obliged to mount a Serg'ts
Guard at Peekskill, to Guard the amunition at that Place, we
have very Poor accomodations for the sick and no Doctor, hope
we shall be Remembred.
Public Papees of George Clinton. 319'
[No. 161.]
Col. Allison Resents Imputations and Lays Down the Military Law.
Goshen, August 21st 1776.
Sir,
I Eeceived a Line from Col. Nicoll, By the Hand of Capt. Wood,
Dated Kings Bridge, august 18tli 1776. Were a Little alarmed
to hear Him say (he was Ordered by Brigadeer general Clinton
to write to Me and Let Me know that Capt. Little's Company
wanted 9 Men and as my Regement had not turned out Every
4th Man that I give Orders to My Capts to turn out Their
Men Imimediately so as they may Join their Company); Capt.
Little's wanting men when he marched I was made acquainted
with, and made Tryal Immediately after his march to have it
fill'd By Volentary Inlistment, as Capt. Wood may more Fully
Informe you; as to my Regement not turning out Every 4th man
(is what I am mainly alarmd at). For from' the last muster
Rooles Returnd by the Capts. which was about the 1st of Last
June, it appears after taking out 40 that went Into General Scots
Bregade, 83 would be 4th of the Remainder, which Col. Nicoll was
an Eye «wittness to my makeing out previous toi the appointment
of the officers, and that I was not fond of appointing two full sets
of officers, Least they should not be able To Raise their Com-
panies; now Sir, instead ol 83, it appears their is upwards of
100 gon. Therefore, must suppose your Informer has taken it
from some idle Report or had something mischeavous in view.
Should it be said some of them men belonged to Ulster County
& some to Sisquehannah, I answer,! Capt. Little's father told me
on Inquiry that a Number he believed not to Exceed 10 Were
Inlisted in or out of Ulster County, admiting Either^ and that I
had no Claime to that Number, there still Remains a Considerable
320 Public Papers of Gteorge Clinton.
surplush; as to the Latter I Consider them as sojo'urners and
Haveing as good a Edght to Do Duty and Inlist as any other
men who La^bours albout; of such kind of people the army
abounds.
Besides, Sir, was it Eight for me to Rais the men wrote For^
you will Easily see the Inconsistancy of my ordering the Capts. to
Do what they had no authority to Do ; though I HunDbly Conceive
it not to be Right, Under present Circumstances, and presume you
will be of my opinion when you are (as I trust) better Informed.
I can Informe you, that our convention is much Pleas'd with
the Exertion of the Uper End of orange county; Besides it is
abundantly Evident from a Number of concuring circumstances,
as well as fact, that this End of the County hath Raised almost as
Large a number of men as was Expected from the county, and I
beleive I may say, quite if we may Recon (reckon) Cornwall Light
Horse which I have been Inform'd is taken into the service.
The fear of Intruding on your patience and my own Bodily In-
firmity oblidges me to conclude, after saying, I have Indeavoured
to persue the Line of my Duty faithfully, and Hope you, as my
superior officer, while I follow that path, will Indulde me with
your assistance when you see I need it.
I am with Regard, Sir, your Most obedient Humble Serv't,
Wm. Allison.
To General Clinton.
[No. 162.]
James Hamilton's Account as Commissary at Haverstraw.
New York State to James Hamilton Dr. £ S D
To acting as D Com'y at Haverstraw froim the 19th
July 1776 to the 2.3rd Augt. Ensuing both Days
Included at 10 £ P Month £ 11 13 4
Public Papers of George Clinton. 321
General Clinton Reluctant to Discharge Major Hendrick Y. Ver-
hrycJc*
King's Bridge, 24th August, 1776.
Sir — It would be a high piece of presumption in me to dismiss
any gentleman from the iservice of the State, who is intrusted with
an office in my brigade by the Convention, especially one of such
importance as that of major of a regiment. Your application,
therefore^ ought to be to that body who gave you your appoint-
ment, and I doubt not upon a representation of the state of your
health, which I am convinced is really such as to render you unfit
for service, they will readily grant you a dismission from the ser-
vice. I could wish it suited you to continue with us, in which
case I would endeavor to make your duty as easy as the nature of
your office and the times would admit of. At the same time I can
not advise you in a matter of so delicate a nature.
I am, your most obedt. servt.
Geo. Clinton.
To Major Ver Bryck.
[No. 163.]
'THE TROUBLES OF COMMODORE WYNKOOP.
Ordered in Arrest ty Gen. Gates for Standing Up for His Military
Bights.
TO THE HONOURABLE THE UNITEiD STATES OF AMERICA IN CONGRESS
ASSEMBLED.
The Memorial of Jacobus Wynkoop,
SHEWETH
That your memorialist has bin Employed and Served in the
Continental Service and in the Service of the united States of
America, from the twenty Eight Day of June, one thousand Seven
♦-From the Journal of the Proceedings of the New York Provincial Congress.
21
322 Public Papers of George Clinton.
Hundreed an Seventy five, until the Eighteenth Day of Augt.
Instant.
That your memorialist by his first appointment was a Captain
of the Eight Company, of the fourth Regt. of the Continental
Forces Raised in the province of New York.
That his Honour Major General Schuyler Comander in Chief,
in the Northren Department, Did Sometime, after the x\ppoint-
ment of your memorialist to- the Captaincey aforesaid offered to
your memorialist the Command of the Vessels on Lake Cham-
plain, and Signified to your memorialist that his Honour would
Becomend your memorialist to the Honouraible the Continental
Congress as a Person fit for the Said Station.
That your memorialist being at fort George, Did in the month
of January in the present year Receive a Letter from his Honour
the Said Major General Schuyler, Informing your (memorialist
that his Honour Expected soon to Hear from Congress on the
Subject of his appointment.
That in the month of April Last your memorialist at the City
of New York, Did Receive from the Honourable, the Provincial
.Congress for the province of New York, a Certified Coppy of a
Letter written by his Honour, the said major General Schuyler,
to the President of the said Provincial Congress which is in the
words following:
Albany March 8th 1776.
S'r, I am Honour'd with Yours- of the 4th Instant; the Con-
tinental Congress have Resolved that Capt. Wynkoop Should be
Imployed upon the Lakes under Commodore Douglass; wether
the Latter Gentleman means to Engage in that Service I Do not
Know of; this Congress Can Very Spedily Inform it Self, as he
Resides near New York; Should he not Ingage, their is no person
I would more willingly have to Command the Vessels than Capt.
Wynkoop; at any Rate I wish you to Send him up the Soonest
Public Papers of George Clinton. 323
possible with a Sufficient Number of Sailors for the two Schooners
and Sloop.
I am S'r Your most Ob't &: Very Humble Serv't,
Phi Schuyler.
To Nathaniel Woodhull, Esqr.
The foregoing is a true Coppy of the origenal Examined & Com-
pared by
Kobert Benson.
Your memorialist Keciev'd at the Same time an Extract from
the minutes of Committe of Safety for New York aforesaid A
Coppy of which follows:
In Committe of Safety New York April the thirteenth 1776.
Ordered, that Capt. Jacobus Wynkoop, Do Inlist the Number of
mariners Desired by major General Schuyler for the Service of the
Lakes wdth al'l possible Dispatch; that Capt. Wynkoop proceed
to Albany with the Said mariners to General Scuyler and take his
Directions as to the Vessels on the Lakes untill the Honourable,
the Continental Congress, Shall have appointed him to that Com-
mand, or Some other Gentleman Shall arive at the Lakes Author-
ised to take the Command.
Extract from the minutes.
John McKisen Seer.
That In Consequence of the said Letter and order, your memor-
ialist Imediately went to fort George, when he Keciev'd from
his Honour the said major General Schuyler an order in the words
following:
Fort George May 7th 1776.
S'r, You are Imediately to Repair to Ticonderoga and take the
Command of all the Vessels on Lake Champlain which you will,
with the Greatest Expidition, put in the best Condition possible
for Imediate Service.
I am S'r your H. Serv't,
Phi Schuyler.'
To Capt. Wynkoop.
324 Public Papers of George Clinton.
That your memorialist Expecting the Appointment of Commo-
dore of the Lakes and not being willing to act in a Subordinate-
Capacity, did agreeable to the Said Order, take upon him the-
Command of the Vessels on the Lakes Aforesaid and has since
Continued in that Department in the Service of the Said Continen-
tal Congress & of the United States, Acting & Exerting his Abil-
ities for the Publick's Advantage.
That on the Seventeenth Day of August Instant your memorial-
ist being on his Station, was alarm'd by the E-eport of a Swivel
from one of the Schooners under his Command, which was Suc-
ceeded by a similar Signal from another of the said Schooners.
That your memorialist observing that the Said Schooners were
making Ready to Get under Sail and Concieving that they ought
not to move without his Imediate Orders Unless in Cases of
Alarm, when a boat Should be Imediately Dispatched to Inform
him of the Oocation, and fearing that some preconcerted Design
had bin formed by the Captains of the said Schooners or their
Crews to Go over to the Enemy; by the Comand of your memor-
ialist, a Swivil was Discharged to bring toe the said Schooners.
That upon tiring the said Swivil, and the usual Signal appointed
by your memorialist for the Captains of the Vessels aforesaid to
Come on Board the Commodore's Schooner, all preparations for
sailing were stoped and Capt. Primer, Command'r of one of the
said Schooners, the other Capt. bing on shore, came on Board the
Schooner Royal Savage then under your memorialist Imediate
Command.
That your memorialist then Desired to Know from the said
Captains, for what Reason those Guns were fired and preparations
made for sailing; 'who Informed your memorialist, that he had
Recieved Orders from his Honor, Brigadier General Arnold, to
Public Papers of George Clinton. 325
'Get his Schooner Imediately under way and beat Down the Lake
a'bout Eight or tenn miles, and if he made any Discovery of the
Enemy to send a boat and acquaint him of the particulars.
That your memorialist not having Recieved any Intimation of
being Superceeded in the Comimand aforesaid, and that any
•orders, Even from the Commander in Chief of the army in the
Northren Department or the Commanding Officer at Lake George
•or Ticonderoga Eespecting the Vessels on the Lakes Should be
Directed, and first Comimunicated to your memorialist and to be
Given out by him to the Respective Captains Under his Comm-and,
your memorialist being Also best Acquainted with the State and
Condition of the said Vessels, your memorialist Did Transmit to
his Honor, the said Brigadier General Arnold, a Letter in the
Words following:
On Board the Royal Savage augt. 17th 1776.
S'r, I find by an Order you have given out, that the Schooners
.are to go Down the Lakes. I Know no Orders but what shall be
given out by me, Except sailing Orders from the Commander in
Chief; If an Enemy is approaching I am to be Acquainted with It
and Know how to Act in my Station.
I am S'r yours
Jacobus Wynkoop
Commander of Lake Champlain.
That your memorialist soon after Recieved a Letter from his
Honor, the said Brigadier General Arnold, Informing your
imemorialist of the aproach of the Enemy and Intimating that the
Commander in Chief had ajjpointed him to take the Comanand
-of the Navey on the Lake and Treatning your memorialist with an
:arest.
That vour memorialist having thus Recieved Information of the
326 Public Papers of George Clinton.
aproacli of the Enemy that the Service might not suffer by the
Disputes of the Officers Issued out an Order to the Captains of
the said Schooners in the words following :
On Board the Royal Savage Augt. 17th 1776.
To Capt. Seamons & Capt. Primer.
Gentlemen,
You will Imediately get your Vessels under way and go Down
the Lake about Eight or tenn miles; if you make any Discovery
of the Enemy send a boat to acquaint me of the Particulars; if
none of the Enemy appear you are Directly to Return.
Yours
Jacobus Wynkoop, Com'd.
That Imediately after your memorialist had Reciev'd the Letter
aforesaid from his Honor the said Brigadier General Arnold, his
honor the said Brigadier General, Came on Board the Royal
Savage and asked your memorialist how he Dared to Countermand
his Orders, & acquainted your memorialist that he had Power to
take the Comand of the fleet and shewed a paper Containing writ-
ten Orders, from his Honor major General Gates, to that Purport.
That your memorialist Concieving that no officer Could be
Placed over him in the Naval Department unless by appointment
from the United States in Congress assembled, or the Provincial
Congress for the Province of New York,, Except Cases of miss-
behaviour, and your memorialist Being Consious of having Done
his Duty, Did acquaint the said Brigadier General Arnold that he
would Recieve no orders from him as a Naval Officer Under his
Present appointment, and that all Orders from the Commanders
at the several Ports on the Lakes ought Regularly to be first Com-
municated to your memorialist.
Public Papers of George Clinton. 327
That His Honor the said Brigadier General Arnold then Dis-
patched a Letter to his Honor major General Gates acquainting
him with the above Particulars and on the Eighteenth Day of
August Instant, your memorialist Recieved a Letter from the said
Brigadier General in the words following:
Crown Point, August 18th 1776.
S'r, The following is a Pargraft of a Letter and orders I have
Just Recieved from the Honourable Major General Gates, Vizt:
It is my Orders you Imedlately put Commodore Wynkoop in
arest and send him Prisoner to Head Quarters at Ticonderoga.
Sign'd Horatio Gates.
In Consequence of the Above Order I Do hereby put you in
Arest of which you will take Notice and Govern your self accord-
ingly; A boat and hands shall be ordered this Evening or to mor-
row morning to attend you to Ticonderoga, Please to Lett me
Know what time will be most agreeable.
I am S'r your H. Serv't,
B. Arnold, B. Gen.
That Agreeable to the above Order your memorialist Imediately
Repaird to Ticonderoga, and was ordered from thence By major
General Gates to the City of Albany where he is at present.
That your memorialist Humbly Imagins if he had suffered the
said Schooners to go of (off) Unmolested and the Design of the
Captains or Crews of the said Schooners had bin to go over to
the Enemy, and Sutch Designs Caried into execution, that your
memorialist would not have bin suffered to Escape with Impunity
and that, theirfore, it was his Duty when Signals and prepara-
tions were made by them for sailing, to Know their Destination
and Isue out the nessesary Orders.
Your memorialist theirfore Humbly Requests their United
328 Public Papers of George Clinton.
States, In Congress Assembled, to take this memorial into their
wise Consideration and Grant him such Relief as he is In Justice
Intitled to.
Albany August 27th 1776.
Jacobus Wynkoop.
[No. 164.]
Col. Joseph Drake Mildly Disciplined.
Kingsbridge 29th Augt. 1776.
Sir,
I have now a Regt. of my Brigade guarding the Shores Throgg's
Hunt's & Willets Points ag't those of the Enemies Shipping lying
in the East River. It is strange to me that your Militia have not
yet turned out on this Business. I shall be oblidged to call in my
Regim't as the Necessity of the Case is the only Authority I have
for sending them there & don^t know how soon they may be
wanted here. Tomorrow, therefore, I will recall them to this
place & shoud the shore be unguarded you must Answer the Con-
sequences. I hope, therefore, you will exert yourself as I doubt
not you will.
I am your Most Obed't Serv't,
Geo. C.
To Colo. Joseph Drake.
[No. 165.]
AFTER THE BATTLE OF BROOKLYN.
Gen. Clinton Issues an Order Warning the Colonels in His Brigade
to Be Ready to March Their Regiments at a Moment's Notice.
In Committee of Safety for the State of New York,
August 29th 1776.
RESOLVED AND ORDERED unanimously, that the Brigadier
Generals or commanding officers of the Militia in the Counties of
A Plan of New York Island, with part of Long Island, Staten Island & East New
Jersey, with a ■ particular Description of the Engagement on the Woody Heights of
Long Island, between Platbush and Brooklyn, on the 27th of August 1776.
Between His Majesty's Forces Commanded ■ by General Howe and the Americans
under Major General Putnam, Shewing also the Landing of the British Army on New
York Island, and - the Taking of the City of New York &c. on the 15th of September
following, with the Subsequent Disposition of Both the Armies.
An ACCOUNT of the Proceedings of^ His Majesty's Forces at the Attack of the Rebel
"Works on LONG ISLAND, on the 27th of August, 1776.
Taken from Gen. Howe's Letter to Lord George Germaine, principal Secretary of
State for the American Department.
Dated Camp at New Town, Long Island, Sept. 3, 1776.
On the 22d of last month, in. the morning, the British, with Col. Donop's corps of
Chasseurs and Hessian Grenadiers, disembarked near Utrecht on Long Island without
opposition, the whole being landed, with forty pieces of cannon, in two hours and
an half, under the direction of Commodore Hotham; Lieut. Gen. Clinton commanding
the first division of the troops.
The Americans had only small parties on the coast, who, upon the approach of the
boats, retired to the woody heights, commanding a principal pass on the road from
Flat-bush to their works at Brooklyn. Lord Cornwallis was immediately detached to
Flat-bush with the reserve, two battalions of light infantry, and Col. Donop's corps,
with six field pieces, having orders not to risk an attack upon the pass, if he should
find it occupied; which proving to be the case, his Lordship took post in the village,
and the army extended from the Ferry to the Narrows, thro' Utrecht and Gravesend,
to the village of Flat-Land.
On the 25th Lieut. Gen. de Heister with two brigades of Hessians from Staten
Island, joined the army, leaving one brigade of his troops, a detachment of the 14th
regiment from Virginia, some convalescents and recruits, under the command of Lieut.
Col. Dalrymple, for the security of that island.
On the 26th Lieut. Gen. de Heister took post at Flat-bush, and in the evening Lord
Cornwallis with the British drew off to Flat Land; about nine o'clock the same night
the van of the army, commanded by Lieut. Gen. Clinton, consisting of the light
dragoons and brigade of light infantry, the reserve, under the command of Lord
Cornwallis, (excepting the 42d regiment, which was posted on the left of the Hessians)
the first brigade, and the 71st regiment, with fourteen field pieces began to move from
Flat-land, across the country thro' the new Lotts, to seize a pass in the heights,
extending from east to west along the middle of the island, and about three miles from
Bedford' on the road to Jamaica, in order to turn the enemy's left, posted at Flat-bush.
Gen. Clinton being arrived within half a mile of the pass about two hours before
day-break, halted, and settled his disposition for the attack. One of his' patrols, falling
in with a patrol of the enemy's officers, took them; and the General learning from
their information that the rebels had not occupied the pass, detached a battalion of
light infantry to secure it, and advancing with his corps upon the first appearance of
day, possessed himself of the heights, with such a disposition as must have ensured
success, had he found the enemy in force to oppose him.
The main body of the army, consisting of the guards, 2d, 3d, and 5th brigades, with
ten field pieces, led by Lord Percy, marched soon after General Clinton, and halted
an hour before day in his rear. This column (the country not admittihg two columns
of march) was followed by the 49th regiment, with four medium twelve pounders, and
the baggage closed the rear with a separate guard.
As soon as these corps had passed the heights, they halted for the soldiers to take
a little refreshment, after which the march was continued, and about half an hour
past eight o'clock, having got to Bedford, in the rear of the enemy's left, the attack
was commenced by the light infantry and light dragoons upon large bodies of the
rebels, having cannon, who were quitting the woody heights before-mentioned to
return to their lines upon discovering the march of the army, instead of which they
were drove back, and the army still moving on to gain the enemy's rear, the grenadiers
and 33d regiment being in front of the column soon approached within musquet-shot
of the enemy's lines at Brooklyn, from whence these battalions, without regarding the
flre of cannon and small arms upon them, pursued numbers of the rebels that were
retiring from the heights so close to their principal redoubt, and with such eagerness
to attack it by storm, that it required repeated orders to prevail upon them to desist
from the attempt. Had they been permitted to go on, they would have carried the
redoubt; but as it was apparent the lines must have been carried at a very cheap
rate by regular approaches, Gen. Howe would not risk the loss that might have been
sustained in the assault, and ordered them back to a hollow way, in the front of the
works out of the reach of musquetry.
Lieut. Gen. de Heister began soon after day-break to cannonade the enemy in his
front, and, upon the approach of our right, ordered Col. Donop's corps to advance
to the attack of the hill, following himself at the head of the brigaaes. The light
infantry about that time having been reinforced by the light company, the grenadier
company, and two other companies of the guards, who joined them with the greatest
activity and spirit, had taken three pieces of cannon, and were warmly engaged with
very superior numbers in the woods, when, on the Hessians advancing, the enemy
gave way, and were entirely routed in that quarter.
On the left, Major Gen. Grant, having the fourth and sixth brigafles, the 42d regi-
ment, and two companies of New York Provincials, raised by Governor Tryon in the
Spring, advanced along the east coast with ten pieces' of cannon, to divert the enemy's
attention from their left. About midnight he fell in with .their advanced parties, and
at day break with a large corps, having cannon, and advantageously posted, with
whom there was skirmishing and a cannonade for some hours, until tiy tne firing at
Brooklyn, the rebels, suspecting their retreat would be cut off, made a movement to
their right in order to secure it across a swamp and creek, that covered the right of
their works; but being met in their way by a part of the 2d grenadiers, who were
soon after supported by the 71st regiment, and Gen. Grant's left coming up, they
suffered considerably: numbers of them however did get into the morass, where many
were suffocated or drowned.
A movement was made by the kings ships, towards the town on the 27th. at day-
break, with a view of drawing off the attention of the enemy from our real design,
which effectually answered the intended purpose.
The force of the enemy detached from the lines where Gen. Putnam commanded,
was not less, from the accounts received, than 10,000 men, who were under the orders
of Major General Sullivan, Brigadier Generals Lord Stirling and Udell. Their loss
was computed to be about 3300 killed, wounded, prisoners, and drowned; with five
field pieces, and one howitzer taken.
On the part of the Kings troops, five officers and fifty-six non-commissioned officers,
and rank and file killed; twelve officers and 245 non-commissioned officers, and rank
and file wounded: one officer and twenty grenadiers of the marines were taken by
mistaking the enemy for the Hessians.
The Hessians had two privates killed, three officers, and twenty-three rank and file
wounded. The wounds in general were very slight. Lieut. Col. Monckton was shot
through the body, but there were the greatest hopes of his recovery.
In the evening of the 27th the army encamped in front of the enemy's works. On the
8th, at night, broke ground 600 yards distant from a redoubt upon their left, and on
the 29th at night the rebels evacuated their entrenchments, and Redhook, with the
utmost silence, and quitted Governor's island the following evening, leaving theif
cannon and a quantity of stores in all their works. At daybreak on the 30th, their
flight as discovered, the picquets of the line took possession; and those most advanced
reached the shore opposite to New York, as their rear guard was going over, and
fired some shot among them.
The enemy are still in the possession of the town and Island of New York, and
make demonstrations of opposing the royal troops in their works on both sides of
King's Bridge.
The inhabitants of Long Island, many of whom had been forced into rebellion, have
all submitted, and are ready to take the oaths of allegiance.
Return of Prisoners taken on Long Island, on the 27th of August, 1776. viz.
Three Generals.
Major General Sullivan, Brigadier General Lord Sterling, Brigadier General Udell.
3 Colonels,
4 Lieutenant Colonels.
3 Majors.
IS Captains.
43 Lieutenants.
11 Ensigns.
1 Adjutant.
3 Surgeons.
2 Volunteers.
1006 Privates.
1097 Total.
N. B. Nine officers, and 58 privates, of the above, wounded.
Jos. Loring, Commissary of prisoners.
Return of brass and iron ordnance taken from the enemy, in the engagement on
the 27th of August, 1776, and found in their different redoubts on Long Island and
Governor's Island.
Camp at Newton, Sept. 3, 1776.
BRASS ORDNANCE, taken in the engagement 27th of August. 1776: 1 flve-and-half-
inch howitzer, 4 six-pounders, 1 three-pounder, Total of brass ordnance, 6.
IRON ORDNANCE, found in the different forts on Long Island and Governor's
Island. 6 thirty-two pounders; 1 l;wenty-four pounder; 4 eighteen-pounders; 2 twelve-
pounders; 2 nine-pounders; 8 sixpounders; 3 threepounders. Total of iron ordnance, 26.
A quantity of shells, ammunition, intrenching tools, small arms, a number of long
pikes, ammunition carts, and other articles not yet ascertained.
(Signed) W. Howe, Commander In chief.
Return of the hilled, wounded, and missing of his Majesty's Troops, Aug. 27, 1116.
One Lieutenant Colonel, 3 Captains, 1 Lieutenant, 3 Serjeants, 53 Rank and File
killed; 1 Lieutenant-Colonel, 3 Captains, 8 Lieutenants, 11 Serjeants, 3 Drummers, 231
Rank and Pile wounded; 1 Lieutenant, 1 Serjeant, 29 Rank and File missing.
List of Officers Idlled, wounded, and missing.
Killed.
Captain Sir Alexander Murray, 17th regiment; Lieutenant-Colonel Grant, 40th ditto;
Captain Nelson, 52d ditto; Captain Logan, 2d regiment Marines; Second Lieutenant
Lovell, Royal Artillery.
Wounded.
Lieutenant Morgan, 17th Regiment; Captain Grove, 23d ditto; Lieut. Crammond,
42d ditto; Lieut. Maire, 43d ditto; Lieut. Weir, of ditto; Capt. Brown, 44th ditto; Capt.
Kennedy, of ditto; Lieut. Col. Monckton, 45th ditto; Lieut. Powell, 49tb ditto; Lieut.
Addison, 52d ditto; Lieut. Nugent, 1st regiment Marines,
Missing.
Lieut. Ragg 2d regiment Marines, prisoner; Hessian trtjops, 2 Ranli and File, killed;
23 Rank and Pile wounded; Major Paoli, Capt. O'Reilly, Lieut. Donop, wounded.
Qisposition of Ms Majesty's Fleet at the attack of Long Island, on the 27th of Aug. 1776.
On the 19tli instant, Capt. Parker in the Phoenix, with the Rose Capt. Wallace, and
Tryal armed schooner, Lieutenant Brown, taking advantage of a fresh easterly wind,
returned from the North River through the fire from the enemy's several batteries,
and joined the fleet off Staten Island without any loss.
General Howe giving notice of his intention to make a descent in Gravesend Bay,
on Long Island, on the morning of the 22d, the necessary disposition was made, and
seventy-five flat boats, with eleven batteaux and two gallies, built for the occasion,
were prepared for that service.
The command of the whole remained with Commodore Hotham. The Captains Parker,
Wallace, and Dickson, in the Phoenix, Rose, and Greyhound, with the Thunder and
Carcass bombs, under the direction of Col. James, were appointed to cover the
landing.
The flat boats, gallies, and three batteaux, manned from the ships of war, were
formed into divisions commanded respectively by the Captains Vancreput, Mason,
Curtis. Caldwell, Phipps, Caulfleld, Uppleby, and Duncan, and Lieut. Reeve of the
Eagle. The rest of the batteaux, making a tenth division, manned from transports,
were under the conduct of Lieut. Bristow, an assistant agent.
Early in the morning of the 22d, the covering ships took their stations in Gravesend
Bay. The light infantry with the reserve to be first landed, forming a corps together
of 4000 men, entered the boats at Staten Island the same time.
The transports in which the several brigades composing the second debarkation
(about five thousand men) had been before embarked, were moved down, and suitably
arranged without the covering ships by eight o'clock. The first debarkation not meet-
ing with any opposition, the second succeeded immediately after; and the other trans-
ports, carrying the rest of the troops, following the former in proper succession.
The whole force then destined for this service, consisting of about 15,000 men, was
landed before noon.
On the 25th an additional corps of Hessian troops, under Gen. Heister, with their
field and artillery baggage, were conveyed over to Gravesend Bay.
Lord Howe being informed the next day, by Gen. Howe, of his intentions to advance
with the army that night to the enemy's lines, and of his wishes that some diversions
might be attempted by the ships on this side, direction was given to Sir Peter Parker
for proceeding higher up to the channel towards the town of New York next morning,
with the Asia, Renown, Preston, (Commodore Hotham embarked in the Phoenix,
having been left to carry on the service in Gravesend Bay) Roebuck and Repulse: and
to keep those ships in readiness for being employed as occasion might require; but
the wind veering to the northward soon after break of day, the ships could not be
moved up to the distance proposed; therefore when the corps under Gen. Grant, form-
ing the left column of the army, were seen to be engaged with the enemy in the
morning, the Roebuck, Capt. Hammond, leading the detached squadron, was the ■
only ship that could fetch high enough to the northward to exchange a few random
shot with the battery on Red Hook; and the ebb making strongly down the river soon
after, the signal was shewn for the squadron to anchor.
On the night of the 26th the rebels abandoned all their posts and works of Long
Island, and retired with great precipitation across the East river to the town of
New York.
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Public Papers of George Clinton. 329
Oramge Ulster West Chester and Dutchess do hold their
whole Militia in readiness to March at a Moment's warning with
five Days Provision and as much Ammunition as possible there
being the greatest Eeason to imagine that the whole force of this
State may in a few Days be wanted to repell the Invasion of our
merciless and Tyrannical Enemy.
Extracted from the Minutes.
Eobt. Benson, Secr'y.
King's Bridge 30th Augt. 1776.
Sir,
The inclosed Resolve of the Convention of this State I this
Moment received. You'l therefore immediately Order the com-
manding Officers of Regiments & Independent Companies in my
Brigade to hold themselves in immediate Readiness to march
agreable to the same, serving them at the ^ame Time with Copies
of said Resolve.
I am your most Obed't Serv't,
Geo. Clinton, B. G'l.
To John Harring Esqr. Major of Brigade.
Sent Copy with Resolve same Day by Hen'y Schenk Esqr. to
Mr. Harring.
[No. 166.]
Gen. Clinton Receives Seven Thousand Pounds for Bounty Money
for His Troops.
Gent'n,
The Brigade under my Command murmur extremely for want of
the remaining Bounty due to them; It is my Opinion that when
they are muster'd by the Continental Muster Master, that there
will be no Deficiency in the Muster Rolls sworn to by the
Colonels of the respective Regiments & returned to your Conven-
380 Public Papers of George Clinton.
tion; I, therefore, wish most earnest!}^ that the Convention would
dispense with that Part of the Resolution with respect to the
Levies, that relates to the mode of mustering my Brigade, as it is
very uncertain when they can be mustered agreeable to the manner
therein prescribed. As from; the present Situation of our military
Operations it is extremely probable that our Army will make their
grand stand at the Post I occupy, and as it is of the utmost Con-
sequence that Harmony should prevail amongst the Troops, I flat-
ter myself the Convention will have no Scruple in complying with
my Eequest. I shall desire General Washington to have my
Brigade mustered as soon as possible and shall make a regular
Return to the Convention of the whole- Brigade.
I am Gent'n,
Your obed't Humb'e Serv't,
(George Clinton.)
Kingsbridge 30th Augt. 1776.
To the Honorable the Convention
of the State of New York.
In Committee of Safety for the State of New York
Augt. 30th 1776.
Resolved Unam: And ordered, that the Treasurer of this State
pay to Genl. Clinton or his Order the Sum of Seven thousand
Pounds And that Genl. Clinton account for the same to the Con-
vention or a future Legislature of the State.
Signed By Order,
Ab'm Yates, Jun'r, Presid't.
30th Augt. 1776. Rec'd from Genl. Clinton the above Resolve,
with an Order, thereon, endorsed to receive the sum therein men-
Public Papers of George Clinton. 331
tioned from the Treasurer or his Deputy for which I am to be
accountable to Genl. Clinton & pay to him when received by me.
Jacobus Swartwout Col.
Test.
Reuben Ferris.
[No. 167.]
A Cavalry Detachment to be Used as Scouts at Kingshridge and
Vicinity.
King's Bridge 1st Sep'r 1776.
D'r Sir,
A Party of Horse is absolutely necessary at this Post to re-
•conitre the Enemy, a large Body of whom are now incamped on
the Shore opposite Hunt's Point & Morrisaenia, & we have the
greatest Reason to expect they will soon attempt to cross the
River & pay us a Vissit here, as three of their shipping now lay
in the East River near those Places under Cover of which they
may effect a Landing. I must, therefore, desire that you will
immediately send down to this Post, an active trusty Officer with
14 or 15 lively faithful Men of your Company at least, well
accoutred & equiped to join my Brigade. Knowing the Buisy
Season of the year I have ordered as small a Number of your
Company as I possibly can dispense wdth; the whole Com-
pany of this County is on Duty here, & the Ulster Company I
liave ordered to hold in Readiness. Your known Zeal for the
Cause Leads me to expect your Men here with the greatest Dis-
patch & I coud wish that you coud command the Party. I am
jours sincerely,
Geo. Clinton, B. Genl.
I wrote in Consequence of the Advise of Genls. Heath &
Mifflin.
*MSS. torn.
332 Public Papers of George Clinton.
[No. 168.]
Rounding up Dispersed and Disbanded Militia.
In Committee of Safety for tlie State of New York,
Fish Kill— September 3d, 1776.
WHEREAS the Committee of Safety have received informa-
tion that the Regiments of Levies commanded by Colo. Smith
are either dispersed or have been disbanded without the per-
mission of this State; and that sundry men in Colo. Remsen's
Regiment of Kings & Queens County Militia have been suffered
to disperse and take their arms with them contrary to an express
order from this Committee —
THEREFORE, RESOLVED,, unanimously that General Clin-
ton be requested to enquire into the Truth of such Intelligence;
and that in case he finds the same true, that he be authorized to
use the most effectual means of apprehending and detaining as
many of the said Levies & militia as possible, even if they pro-
duce passes, till further order of the Convention or the Committee
of Safety of this State — it being of the utmost consequence to the
public safety that so large a number of armed men should not be
added to the Enemies power on Long Island.
Extract from the Minutes.
John McKesson, Secr'y.
[No. 169.]
Testimony of a Deserter Relative to the Hessians and Brunswickers.
The examination of Anthony Fasilabend, of Colo. Rudsel's
regiment of dragoons, who deserted at Montreal the 24th of
June, with 19 others but does not know what became of them,
Says, that in Feb'y, 2000 Hessians 3,000 Brunswickers & 3,000-
Westphalians, the latter all Roman Catholicks embarked on
Public Papers op George Clinton. 333'
l)0'a.rd 46 dutch vessels at Sta.de in Hanover & sailed for America,
that 43 of these arrived at Quebec 27th May, the other three
being blown off from the fleet in a storm about easter & supposed
to be lost; that sometime in June the whole marched for Mon-
treal where they arrived the latter end of the same month.
That 500 of the Westphalians & Brunswicker Troops were
drafted as Dragoons, horses purchased in Canada, & daily train-
ing for that purpose; 500 more were drafted as Riflemen; the
whole are new recruits from 16 to 22 years of age, quartered at
Languille (Longueuil) opposite to Montreal, under the command
of Coll. Belnick of the Brunswick troops. That at Quebec 10
of the Germans had deserted; one was afterwards at Languille
ordered to run the gauntlet thro' 300 men, but the whole of the
German troops mutinied, owing to their not receiving pay &
provisions as promised them, refused to inflict the punishment
& were going to murder the general, but Coll. Belnitz quieted
them with promises of their receiving their allowances regularly
for the future.
That he understood all the Germans were to return about
Michaelmas & that the English & Canadians amount to about
5000 men.
Sep'r 5th 1776.
Copy.
The Bf^itish occupy tlie American Worlds on Long Island*
Sir — Agreeable to resolve of the Committee of Safety of this
State, I now send you the examinations taken against John
Wo'oly, together with the prisoner, under care of Sergeant Mills.
The 'Other person who was taken with Wooly escaped our guards,
*Prom the Journal of the Proceedings of the New York Provincial Congress.
334 Public Papers of George Clinton.
as will appear by the enclosed letter from Lieut. Colo. Hopkins
The Enemy's shipping lay opposite Hunt's Point, and a consider-
able number of their troops encamped on the opposite shore. We
are very considerably reinforced at this post, Hoorn's Hook, &c.
so that should they attempt paying us a visit, in this quarter, I
have not the least doubt but we shall be able to give a very good
account of them. No movements have been made below, except
that of the enemy possessing themselves of the different works
evacuated by our troops on Long island and Nutten island,* and
some of their shipping moving up near the city, one of which was
yesterday warped up under cover of Nutten island into the East
river, as I am just now informed. I am with the utmost respect.
Your most obedt. eervt.
Geo. Clinton.
King's Bridge, 3d Sept. 1776.
To the President of the Convention
of the State of New- York.
[No. 170.]
Remonstrance to George Clinton of the Officers of Colonel 3forris
Graham'' s Regiment Against the Appointment of Dr. William For-
man as Surgeon.
To the Honourable George Clinton Esqr. Brigadier General in
the United States Of America.
(Sept. 7. 1776.)
The Petition of Coll. Morris Graham and the Officers of the
Regiment under his Command in your Honour's Brigade.
Humbly Sheweth:
That William Forman hath been appointed a Surgeon in this
Regiment without the Knowledge or Recommendation of the
*The present Governor's Island.
Public Papers of George Clinton. 335
Coll. of said Regiment or any of the other Officers, In which
Appointment your Petitioners think themselves much Imposed
upon by an unskillful Physician, neither are they willing to
trust their Lives in his hands, or employ him in any Case what-
ever.
Your Petitioners would also observe, to your Honour, that
even the Privates will not employ him, but several of them,
have* at considerable Expence out of their own pockets in apply-
ing to* Physician. We would beg Leave to recommend Doct'r
Abraham Teller, as a suitable Person for a Surgeon «&ca., to said
Eegiment who would be very agreeable to it should he be ap-
pointed as such.
Therefore your Petitioners most humbly pray your Honour to
take our Case into Consideration, & order the said William For-
man to be discharged from the Service and appoint the said
Abraham Teller, or some other skillfull Surgeon for our Eegiment
and your Honour's Petitioners in Duty bound shall ever pray.
Morris Graham Colonell John Seton Lieuten't
Roswell Hopkins Lie't Coll. Andrew Heermanse Capt.
William P>arker Major John Vansteenbergh Capt.
William Stewart Capt. Benj. Bogardus Lieut.
Jno. L. Hardenbergh Lieut. Samuel Waters -Lieut.
Reuben Hopkins Adjt. Lieut. Stephen Edgeet Lieut.
Peter Stoutenbergh Capt. William Mead Lieut.
Ebenezer Mott Lieut. Elisha Barlow Capt.
William Denniston Lieut. Ezra St. John Lieut.
Harmen I. Knickerbacker Lieut. Ebenezer Carter Lieut.
George Sharp Lieuten't James Teller Capt'n.
*MSS. torn.
336 Public Papers of George Clinton.
Gilbert Tippefs Seditious ^alk.
Examination of Nicholas Emanuel Gabrial, Adjutant in Coll.
Swartwout's Eegiment & Mr. Richard King of the same Regi-
ment, taken by Henry Godwin, Captain of the main Guard at
Kingsbridge, Sept'r 7th, 1776, against one Gilbert Tippet, Con-
fin'd under Guard in the main Guard House by order of Maj'r
General Heath.
Richard King saith that on Septemb'r 1st 1776, Gilbert "Tippit
said in public Company amongst Soldiers and others that, (if
we were united the Regulars would overcome us) and that
at several Times he hath found Fault with the measures, and
spake Words tending to a Discouragement of the measures now
pursued by the united States of America, and that he (Tippet)
was no ways the worse for Liquor when he spake those words
but looked upon him to be a sober man.
Adjutant Gabrial saith that on the fifth, of Septemb'r Anno
Domini 1776 that he heard Gilbert Tippet discoursing among
several Soldiers and other Persons and endeavored to discourage
them and that he (Gabrial) heard him (Tippet) say (that if all the
men in the united Colonies were united) that the Regulars would
overcome us yet and that he (Gabrial) heard him also speak dis-
respectfully of the Commanding Officers in the Service of the
united American States.
[No. 171.]
' Progress of Wo7~Jc in the Highlands. '
Fort Montgomery, Sept'r 8th 1776.
D'r Brother,
I have nothing material to acquaint you of at present; it is
about two weeks since I was at New Windsor when I was but a
Public Papers of George Clinton. 337
few minutes there and Returned to this place again. Your wife
had Just Returned from Esopus with her mother. She was but
poorly since she came home with the Rheumatism, I have not
heard from her Lately but believe she must be better or Doct'r
Tappan would be apt to know of it, who is here. All the Rest of
your family was well.
We have mounted four twelve Pounders on the south side of
the Kill where you begun the Battery and Expect soon to have
more; we turn out all hands on Duty Every Day to work on the
Battery &c.; we are Building three Barracks, one at Fort Con-
stitution, one on the south side of the Kill, and the other at Red
Hook, but Cant finish them for want of nails; I have wrote to the
Q. M. Genl., for them and am in hopes of being suplyed.
We have one John Fleming under guard 'here on suspicion of
being a Deserter; he was taken from on Board of a sloop going
up the River; he is a Lusty man wears a frock and stuters very
much; he says he Listed a voluntier with Capt. Steel from Carolile,
(Carlisle) Pensilv'ania, and was left behind, and his arms taken
from him, and give to another man when the troops went over to
Long Island, as he was something Lame; he owns, he Engaged for
two months, and no Longer that he wanted to see a friend and
then Return again. I wish you would try to find out his officer
and Let me know what to Do with him.
I am Yours, affectionately,
James Clinton.
Gen. George Clinton.
22
338 Public Papers of George Clinton.
MILITARY MOVEMENT.
General Clinton Carefully Watching the English Army after the
Battle of Brooklyn — The Patriotism of Col. Ferris*
King's Bridge, 8th Sept. 1770.
Sir — Since I was honoured with the resolve of Convention of
the 3d instant, respecting Colonel Remsen's and Smith's regi-
ments, I have used every means in my power to discover the situa-
tion of those troops, and join them (if possible) to my brigade. I
find them much dispersed; many (leaving their arms behind, as
is said,) have gone over to Long island and are not yet returned;
where the colonels and most of the other ofScers are, I have not
yet been able to discover. Capt. Tom, of Colo. Smith's, and Lieut.
Hobart, of Remsen's regiment only, have been with me. They
promised to collect' all the men they could find and join me,
though at the same time, they were very apprehensive of difficul-
ties arising from Smith's regiment, being enlisted not to go off the
island, and Remsen's till the 1st of September only. I doubt not,
however, but they will use their best endeavours; some few of the
men of both regiments, are strolling about West Chester and
New-Rochelle.
By the enclosed return of my brigade, you will observe that
there are wanting to complete, 596 men; that this deficiency prin-
cipally arises from the different militia regiments not having fur-
nished their quotas, and from desertion; which latter have been
so frequent, that unless some effectual method can be devised to
prevent, dn future, not only my brigade, but the whole army will
be much injured, if not ruined. If I am rightly informed, the
militia regiments drafted their full numbers; but having drafted
them, never took the proper steps to make them join their com-
♦From the Journal of the Proceedings of the New York Provincial Congress.
Public Papers of George Clinton. 339
panies, and now suffer them, as well as deserters, to go at large
openly among them, about their ordinary business, without appre-
hending and sending them back. I know it is my duty, as well
as the duty of every other officer in the service, to cause deserters
to be apprehended; but it is also the duty of every friend to his
country, and more particularly so, of members of committees and
officers of militia. They can do it without injuring the public
service in any degree. I can't. If I send officers and parties of
faithful men after them, I thereby weaken the army. The de-
serters hear of them in their neighbourhood, know their business,
and I am sorry to add, are too frequently aided in evading my
guards. <
I wish the companiesi raised in Dutchess and Westchester, and
put under the direction of the committees of those counties, might
have it in special charge from your Honourable Body, to appre-
hend and send back deserters in their respective counties. The
extra expense attending of which could easily and with justice,
be defrayed out of such deserters' pay. I now enclose a list of
Dutchess county deserters, and as soon as I can obtain a list of
those from Colo. Thomas's regiment, I will (if approved by the
Convention) forward it to Capt. Townsend.
I beg leave to lay before you a petition* I just now received
from Colo's. Graham, Hopkins and others, respecting the surgeon
of their regiment, which ought (in my opinion) to have been ad-
dressed to you in the first instance. The Convention only having
power to redress the complainants, I have confined one William
Mahoney, of Fishkill Landing, in the main guard, for seducing a
soldier from his duty in the city, bringing him up here, and en-
deavouring to pass him by our guards at King's Bridge, and
thereby enable him to desert. Mahoney confesses the soldier
♦See pages 334-335.
340 Public Papers of George Clinton.
worked as a journeyman with him six weeks before he enlisted;
that he knew he afterwards enlisted; yet though I offered to re-
lease him if he would tell me the soldier's name, the company and
regiment he belonged to, (which I have the greatest reason to be-
lieve is in his power,) he will give me no other satisfaction than
that the soldier's name is Riley; and from Mahoney's conduct, I
am induced to think the soldier, notwithstanding our guards did
not suffer him to pass the bridge, has escaped by crossing the river
some other way. I also enclose examinations taken against one
Tippit of this neighbourhood, who is also confined in our main
guard by some of my officers, for the crime therein particularly
mentioned, which is (in my opinion) of the most dangerous nature,
and has been too much practised, and not without effect, by the
disaffected, since the retreat from Long island, which is given out
by them as a total defeat. I am extremely unhappy in being
obliged to deprive any man of personal liberty but by due course
law. But in the above cases, I flatter myself the Convention will
justify me till I can have their directions, which shall be faith-
fully pursued on every occasion.
Nothing very material) has occurred since my last. From the
best information we have had the main body of the enemy lay at
New Town and Bedford. Their guards on the island extend to
the Neck, east of White Stone. The Highlanders are in that
quarter. It is said they have impressed from 1,000 to 1,500 teams
to carry across their boats and baggage, and they are erecting a
battery opposite Hoorn's Hook ; a heavy cannonade was heard all
last night at or near that place, which continued till about 7
o'clock this morning. I have not yet heard the particulars, but
believe it was from our people against the enemy's new works;
perhaps it was reciprocal.
Public Papers of George Clinton. 341
Ftodi the disposition lof the enemy's army and their delay, I
imagine they intend attacking us in two or three different
quarters; and I think it more than probable that their grand aim
is to hem in our army and cut off our communication with the
country; in which case, this division of our army, were it possible,
should be augmented. It ought to be considered they hem us in
by water on three sides. The distance across, up (as far as Maro-
nick,) between the two rivers, does not much exceed twelve miles,
though I hope their shipping won't be able to pass Fort Wash-
ington; but this is very uncertain. I mention these matters to
show the necessity of the militia's holding themselves in the most
perfect readiness; for should the enemy attempt any thing of this
kind so high up, it will be of the utmost consequence to fight and
vanquish them before they have time to throw up any works what-
ever.
My brigade-major Pawling, who has served in that character
ever since the brigade was formed, is without a commission, which
is the case also with many others of the >o£flcers, who express un-
easiness on that score. I wish some method could be fallen upon
to grant them their commissions. I fear a confusion may arise for
want of an arrangement of the field ofiicers. Every colonel
claims seniority. I have taken some pains to settle their respec-
tive ranks, but without effect. I most earnestly wish the Conven-
tion would give me some directions in this respect and point out
how it is to be done.
Lieut. Colo. Ferris is now with me; he complains of being
troubled with an old settled disorder in his head, which at present
is so violent as to render him unfit for duty. I believe he is a good
man and acts from principle. He means to ask the Convention to
supply his place until a return of health, which he hopes will
342 Public Papers of George Clinton.
take place on retiring a short time from the noise of the camp. I
am just informed that there are many disaffected persons near the
Sound and East river, possessed of large stocks of cattle; that
they neglect driving them back and refuse to part with them to
the commissary at the ordinary price. It is more than probable
they will fall into the hands of the enemy, where I believe the
owners wish them, unless some proper measures are speedily
taken to prevent it. | ; i
I am, with the highest esteem,
Your most obedt. servt.
Geo. Clinton,
P. S. The cannonading was from the enemy's new battery
against ours at Hoorn's Hook. I hear one of their shells killed
one and wounded three men, but done no other damage.
To the President of the Convention of the
State of New- York.
[No. 172.]
Dr. Tappen's Gossipy Family Letter.
New Windsor, Sept'r 9th 1776.
Dear Brother,
I have the pleasure of being at you house while I have this
Opportunity of writing, the more so because Caty tells me you are
anctious to hear from her as she has been sick; she is now much
better then she was, she still Complains of a Pain in her neck and
feet but it is not bad; the rest of the Family are well, we are Very
anctious to hear from you, the people Immagine they have heard a
Number of Cannon fyred yesterday. I think this time is the most
importent we ever had; if we could give the British army one
Public Papers of George Clinton. 343
good Drubing I think would end the Campaign if not the Contest;
we hear that our People have taken the Rose, Man of Warr, and
three Tenders but it wants Confirmation.
We have had a Committee from Congress with us Last week
to see in what state of Defance the Forts where they think
it Necessary we should have some more men; Genl. James Clin-
ton thought it Necessary to have 1000 men more, I hope they may
be sent soon if we should be attacked with so few men as we
now have I would something fear the Consequences. Caty sends
you a little Butter; it was all she Could gift at this time, 1 Box
of wafers, 3 pair of wosted Stockings; we all Conclud with Love
to you
I ' I Remain Your Aff'e Broth'r.
Peter Tappen.
P. S. Mrs. Blany and Aunt Saurtie got here yesterday morning
are very happy in being here.
Gen. George Clinton.
[No. 173.]
GEN. CLINTON GOES ON A SCOUT.
And Gathers a Few Facts Concermng the Enemy's Movements on the
East River.
New Rochelle 10th Sep'r 1776.
D'r General,
I arived here yesterday Evening fully determined to have made
a small Expedition last Night on Long Island, a sufficient Num-
ber of Men & Boats being ready for the Purpose, but to my great
Disappointment the Brigg ife three small sloops Tenders, lay in a
Line directly opposite to the Place we must have Landed to Effect
any Thing to Purpose. I was oblidged, therefore, in common
Prudence to desist.
344 Public Papers of George Clinton.
I have the pleasure to inform you however that I got over last
Night two Men of Ingenuity & Integrity on the Island who have
in the most sollemn Manner engaged to run every Risk to gain
the necessary Intelligence & I doubt not they will effect it or loose
their Lives; besides these, I have laid a Plan for catching two
Tories now on the Island (distant Neighbours of mine) & expected
here this Evening, who from their Sense & Importance must be
able if willing to give us much Information & If I can catch them
I'll make them willing.
The Brigg has now besides the Tenders four Sloops & as nearly
as I can guess about twenty Boats, all which have been collected
since ten o'clock this Morning; from the Number of Men seen on
Board it is apprehended they intend to make an Expedition ag't
this Shore this Evening,
This Moment another Small Sloop is coming out of Hempstead
Bay the Decks of which is as full of Men as it can hold, and I
think I can with the help of a Glass see a number of other Boats
on the Island Shore opposite the Brigg which appear about the
size of Batteaus. I have here Capt. Edwards, 3 Subalterns & 70
Privates of Genl. Mifflin's Bigade, Lieut. Langdon, & 20 Privates,
& Capt. Paine with his Company of my own. I had ordered Capt.
Edwards & his Detachment to join their Brigade this Morning
but this Movement of the Enemy has induced me to continue
them here till I can better discover What the Intentions of the
Enemy in this Quarter are.
Capt. Paine with his Company I have ordered to Maraneck
where as I am informed there are Continental Stores unguarded
except by a very Weak one in every Respect. There are many
Flat bottomed Boats that row Light & will carry a whole Com-
pany of Men on different Parts of the Island, used by the Farmers
Public Papers of George Clinton. 34o
especiall}- on the South Side to get Hay or Sedge; almost every
Farmer has one (of) them. I have been informed the Enemy have
brought many of them across in Waggons & I believe those now
collected about the Brigg, have been brought aqross from the
South Side of the Island to the Head of Hempstead Bay & Cow
Bay, which puts up into the Island 7 or 8 Miles & so brought
down from thence by Water to the Sound & are to be towed up by
these Vessels used by the Enemy in Landing their Army wherever
they mean to make their Attack. I think it best I shoud continue
here this Evening with the Men I have with me or at least till I
can better discover the Enemy's Designs, but in this shall be
governed by your Orders which I shall expect by the Bearer. 1
am with high Esteem,
Your Most Obed't Serv't,
Geo. Clinton.
This Moment the Brigg & other Vessells came under way with
Boats in Tow & are standing up towards Troggs Point; their
Number dont exceed 20 & I must been mistaken as to those sup-
posed to be on the shore. I hope I shall now have an Opportun-
ity of sending over a Party on the Island this Evening.
Major Genl. Heath, King's Bridge.
[No. 174.]
Proposition for a Hospital in Haverstraw.
Orange Town Sept. ye 12th 1776.
Sir,
Doctor Morgan has been up here to look for a place for the
sick and wounded; at the time I was with him I Could not think
of a proper place but since he has been gone it has been suggested
to me that the new Court House in Haverstraw precinct would
346 Public Papers of George Clinton.
answer, and am of Opinion it is the suitablest place in our part
of the County. I should be Glad if jou would mention it as such,
it is a spacious Building and stands upon somewhat of a rising
Ground.
In our town-ship I am Convinced, there can be no place Got,
without turning a number of Distressed persons out of Doors,
almost every House here is filled and Crowded with people who
fled out of the City. I am. Sir, Your Very Humble Serv't,
John Haring.
To Genl. Clinton.
General Clinton Sends Two Spies to the State Convention*
King's Bridge, 13th Septr. 1776.
Sir — The bearers, William Treadwell and Mr. Ludlum, went
over from New-Eochelle to Long island soon after the retreat
of our army from that place, and continued there till yesterday.
On their return to New-Kochelle, Colo. Drake, by my directions,
sent them here. I have examined them, and transmitted the in-
telligence they give to His Excellency General Washington, and
I now send themi to the Honourable the Convention of the State,
as well to account for their conduct in going over to the island
when in the hands of the enemy, as that they may be further
examined.
I am, with much esteem.
Your most obedt. servt.
Geo. Clinton.
P. S. Enclosed is a line they wrote to Genl. Washington,
which he handed over to me.
To the Honourable the President of the
Coinvention of the State of New-York, at Fishkill.
♦From the Journal of the Proceedings of the New York Provincial Congress.
'■' Public Papers of George Clinton. 347
; [No. 175.]
Bather Wild Statements hy Messrs. Treadwell and Ludlum.
Sept. 15, 1776.
Mr. Treadwell &\ Mr. Benjamin Ludlum, of Goshan, in Orange
county, Saith that they went to Long Island last Wednesday from
New Rotchell.
He says that tis Eeported they have from 30 to 50,000 Troops in
all and about 30,000 on the Island and in general were very
healthy.
Their Head Quarters kept at Newtown. That they intended to
make their attact some where about Hell Gate amd at the same
time land a Body up the North River. That 700 Highlanders
mareh't from Flushing and that their army were drawing toward
the East River and the Highlanders were to make the first attact.
That he heard it Reported they had carried a number of Boats
from below our Forts at Hell Gate, some where above by land,
and some where brought from Cow Neck Bay. That a number of
Tenders & small Vessells were gone round to come into the
Sound.
That they have great plenty of Fresh provisions. That a party
of the Light Horse had been down as far as Suffolk County and
seizd upon some Bread Flour and salt which was in a store, but
can't tell the exact place.
It was said they took 1,200 of our men prisoners at the late
action and that they lost, some say 170 kill'd, & various numbers
to 500, kill'd wounded & missing.
They said they had dismounted one of our Cannon at Hell Gate,
and they had lost three men by our firing. Jacob Wycoff was
their chief Pcilate at the Flat Lands. They are raising 1,500 men
upon the Isleixid and if a sufficient num'ber dont voluntarily enlist
348 Public Papers of George Clinton.
they are to draught; Colo. Ludlow was to Command and Capt.
Dunbar and Mr. Wolleys had Warrents to inlist men for the above
Eegim't.
It was said some troops had march'd down to the East end of
the Island.
[No. 176.]
AN ORDER THAT CAME TOO LATE.
The British in Possession of New York when the Time Arrived to
Execute It.
Sunday, Fishkill— Sept'r 15th 1776.
Dear Sir,
I thankfully asknowledge the receipt of your Favour of the 12th
Nothing obliges me so much at this Time as intelligence from the
Army.
I(n) pursuance of your senitimen/ts and the Intelligence you
have received, Colo. Allison was dispatched from hence on Fryday
morning, to Seize Sam Gale & Isaac Ludlum, with their papers
and bring them before the Convention but from the Examinations
of Wm. Treadwell and Benjamin Ludlum as taken by me last
Evening in the presence of two members of the Convention I fear
no discovery will be made. The two persons last named are
detained here until Colo. Allison arrives.
Your long letter to Convention was committed, a report thereon
is brot in but not yet agreed to.
A parcel of sheets for Bandages, Checkt Linnen Lint & other
things with fresh medicines to the amount of £250 'besides the
Linnens, belonging to this State were left in the north East End
or Room of the House of Aaron Bussing near the Church in
Harlem.
Public Papers of George Clinton. 349
As the president Yates is not at hand, I enclose you the order
directing- him to write to you to secure them.
Before the arrival of your Letter respecting Mahaney (who is
said to be vile Tory) a person supposed to be Reily was waiting
for him at Fishkill, said he left Mahaney at Kings Bridge & won-
dered where he stay'd.
The Event is enclosed.
Mr. Ch. Tappen has been ill — he went to your house. I hear
he is recovering.
I am D'r Sir Yours Affectionately,
John McKesson.
[To Gen. Geo. Clinton.]
In Committee of Safety for the State of New York
Sept'r 13th 1776.
ORDERED that a Letter be written by the President to General
George Clinton requesting him to cause the medicines and Hos-
pital Stores which were lately left at the House of Aaron Bussing
near the Church in Haerlem, to be removed to' some place of
safety near his encampment or where he may think them most
safe from the Enemy.
Extract from the minutes.
John McKesson Secry.
Mr. Reilly Avoids Apprehension.
Agreable to the enclosed order I this morning went to the place
where the suspected person within named was supposed to be at
work.
I was informed that the person so suspected has been at the
House of Mr. Isaac Schultz; that he intended to make the best of
his way for Pensilvania and accordingly went off.
Henry Schenck.
13 Sep'r 1776.
A true Copy John McKesson.
350 PuBi^ic Papers of George Clinton.
In Committee of Safety &c.
Sept'r 12tli 1776.
Ordered that Major Sehenck be authorized and requested to
cause to be apprehended & Bro't before this Committee a certain
Reiley, suspected of being a Deserter from the army of
the united American States; and that Major Schenck use his dis-
cretion as to the mode of apprehending him with power to demand
the assistance of any officer of the militia or other person or per-
sons in the Execution hereof.
Extract from the minutes.
John McKesson Secry.
[No. 177.]
Commissions for Lieutenant Colonel Thompson, and Major Mott, and
Jf2 Blank Commissions for Gen. George Clinton.
Sept'r 17th 1776.
D'r Sir,
I enclose or send you a Commission for Lieut. Colo. Thompson
& another for Major Mott both in Swartwout's Regiment; pray
fill up their Christian names. I also send you 42 Blank Commis-
sions— if you want more let me know by a Line.
Please to direct your Brigade major to keep a List of the name
of every Officer, his Regim't Rank &c., & the date inserted in his
Commission and return the same or a true Copy thereof to me.
I wish to hear from you when you can if ever so little. I wrote
to you on the fifteenth & gave my Letter to Mr. Lyon. I give
herein all the Information I could respecting your prisoners.
I am, D'r Sir, your affectionate
John McKesson.
[To Gen. Geo. Clinton.] . ■
Public Papers of George Clinton. 351
[No. 178.]
THE KETREAT FROM LONG ISLAND.
Together with George Clinton's Report on the Evacuation of 'New
York and the Battle of Harlem Heights.
King's Bridge 18th Sep'r 1776.
Gentlemen,
Since my last, many Matters of Importance to the public & more
particularly to this State, have taken Place but I have been so
situated as neither to find Leisure or Opportunity of communi-
cating them to Congress. I returned late last Night from the
Command of the Picket or Advance Party in the Front of our
Lines & was just sitting down to write to the Convention &
intended sending an Express when I was favoured with yours of
yesterday.
About the Midle of last Week it was determined for many
Reasons to evacuate the City of New York and accordingly,
Orders were given for removing the ordnance Military, & other
stores from thence which by Sunday Morning was nearly ef-
fected. On Satturday four of the Enemy's large ships passed by
the City up the North River & anchored near Greenage,* and
about as many more up the East River which anchored in
Turtle Bay, and from the Movements of the Enemy on Long
Island & the small Islands in the East River, we had great Rea-
son to apprehend they intended to make a Landing & attack our
Lines some where near the City.
Our Army for some Days had been moving this way & en-
camping on the Heightsf southwest of Colo. Morris's where we
intended to form Lines & make our grand stand.
* Greenwich village. Later^ and for years known as, the Ninth -Ward of New York
City,
t Harlem Heights.
352 Public Papers of George Clinton.
On Sunday Morning the Enemy landed a very Considerable
Body of Troops principally consisting of their Light Infantry &
Grenadiers near Turtle Bay under Cover of a very heavy Can-
nonade from their shipping. Our Lines were but thinly manned
as they were now intended only to secure a Retreat to the Bear
of our Army, & unfortunately b}^ such Troops as were so little
disposed to stand in the Way of Grape Shot that the Main Body
of them almost instantly retreated, nay fled, without a possibility
of rallying them, tho Genl. Washington himself (who rid to the
spot on hearing the Cannonade) with some other Genl. Officers,
exerted themselves to effect it. The Enemy on Landing, immedi-
ately formed a Line across the Island most of our People were
luckilly north of it & joined the Army.
They few that were in the City Croissed the River chiefly to
Paulus Hook* so that our Loss in Men Artillery or stores are
very inconsiderable. I don't believe it exceeds 100 Men & I
fancy most of them from their Conduct staid out of Choice.
Before Evening the Enemy landed the Main Body of their Army,
took Possession of the City & marched up the Island & encamped
on the Heights extending from McGowns or the Black Horse to
the North River.
On Monday Morning about 10 o'Clock a Party of the Enemy
consisting of Highlanders, Hessians, .The Light Infantry &
Grenadiers of the English Troops, Numbers uncertain, attacked
our Advanced Party, commanded by Col. Knolton at Matje
Davit's Fly; they were oposed with spirit, & soon made to re-
treat to a clear Field, south west of that about 200 Paces where
they lodged themselves behind a Fence covered with Bushes.
Our People attacked them in Turn & a reinforcement with 2
♦The present Jersey City.
Public Papers of George Clinton. 353
Field Pieces being ordered in they caused them to retreat a
Second Time leaving 5 Dead on the spot. We pursued them to
a Buckwheat Field, on the Toop of a high Hill, distant about 400
Paces, where they received a very Considerable Reinforcement
with some Field Pieces, & made a stand there; a very brisk
Action ensued, at this Place which continued about two Hours.
Our People at length worsted them a third Time, caused them
to fall back into an Orchard, from thence across a Hollow, &
up another Hill not far distant from their own Lines. A large
Collum of the Enemy's Army being at this Time discovered to be
in Motion, and the Ground we then occupied being rather dis-
advantageous, a Retreat, likewise without bringing on a Genl.
Action which we did not think prudent to Risk, rather insecure,
Our Party was therefore ordered in, & the Enemy was well con-
tented to hold the last Ground we drove them to.
We lost on this Occasion Colo. Knolton, a brave Officer, & 15
Privates killed. Major Leatch, of Virginda & About 8 or 10 Sub-
altern Officers & Privates Wounded. The Loss of the Enemy is
uncertain; they carried their Dead & wounded off in & soon
aiter the Action but we have good Evidence of their having up-
wards (of) Sixty killed & violent presumption of 100. The Ac-
tion lasted in the whole about 4 Hours.
I Consider our success in this small Affair at this Time almost
equal to a Victory; it has animated our Troops & gave them new
spirits & erased every bad impression the Retreat from Long
Island &c. had left on their Minds. They find they are able with
. inferior Numbers to drive their Enemy & think of nothing now
but Conquest. '
Since the above affair, nothing material has happened; the
23
354 Public Papers op George Clinton.
Enemy keep close to their Lines our Advanced Parties continue
at their former station. We are daily throwing up Works to
prevent the Enemy's advancing; great Attention is paid to Fort
Washington, the Posts opposite to it on the Jersey Shore,* & the
Obstructions in the River, which I have reason to believe is al-
ready effectual, so as to prevent their shipping passing; how-
ever it is intended still to add to them as it is of the utmost Con-
sequence to keep the Enemy below us.
None of Smith's or Remsen's Regiment have yet joined me nor
do I believe they intend ; I have heard that many have gone over
on the Island & continue there. I have not been able to get any
late Acc'ts from thence, except that I have heard, believe, &
hope Genl. Woodhull is not dead as reported.
We are getting a new supply of Connecticut Militia in here
if they are not better than the last I wish they woud keep them
at Home. I hope however they are, they look better. A Regi-
ment or two lately arrived from Virginia. I can't recollect any
Thing else worth mentioning. I am with much Respect your
most
Obed't Serv't,
Geo. Clinton.
We shall want a Quantity of Oak Plank for Platforms &
Square Timber; how can it be procured; I am sure our Q. M. Genl.
If left to him, will fail in getting of it. The Gen'l desired me to
inquire how it can be had. '
Military Post Offices Established.
Fishkilis Sept'r 17th 1776.
Sir,
The Convention have appointed us a Committee for establish-
ing Posts between this Place and head quarters for obtaining
*Fort Lee.
Public Papers of George Clinton. 355
daily Intelligence from thence; and also for corresponding with
you and such other Gentlemen as they may think proper.
Your Letter to the House has been considered, and the Presi-
dent will transmit you certain Kesolves relative to the matters
mentioned in it.
A Report prevails here that the King's Troops have landed on
York Island, but with what Success is as yet unknown.
Be so kind Sir as to furnish us from time to time with all such
Intelligence as you may think material & important.
Our Express is directed to wait upon you every Evening for
your Commands.
We are Sir with the greatest respect
Your most humble servant,
Henry Wisner
Wm. Allison
Robt. R. Livingston.
Brigadier General Clinton.
[No. 179.]
Colonel Nicoll on the Situation.
Fort Indipendence Sept'r ye 19, 1776.
My Deare General,
Yesterday Saw youre Brothers, General Clinton & Doctor Tap-
pen at This place, Both well; Mrs. Clinton, I hear'd from New
Windsor yesterday, is much Better; Congratulate you On the
Success of Oure Arms; the Last Tryal Oure Men had with the
worst Of Enemys, & hope yet we Shall Live To See Oure Enemyg
Covered with Shame, while Oure Arms Are Crowned with Suc-
cess, and we Not Only A brave but A free People, & Put an End
To the Sly Sneers of Oure Tory Enemys at home. The Men of
356 Public Papers of George Clinton.
My Company that wass Sick are Cheifely all fit for Duty againe^
Major Thompson & Mr, Machin, Joines Me In Love To your Self^
& all freinds, And am, S'r, In hast, Youre Sineeare freind.
And Humble Serv't,
John Nicoll.
George Clinton,
[No. ISO.]
Colonists Cheerful in Spite of Recent Disasters.
Fishkill— Sept'r 19th 1776. '
Sir,
My Colleagues of the Committee of Correspondence & myself
have this Evening been favored with yours of yesterday, which
was immediately communicated to such memibers of Convention
as were at Hand.
We rejoyce on the late success of our army, tho' much less-
fatal to our Enemies than common Famie had proclaimed; And
are happy to hear that General Woodhull is living; measures will
be pursued to effect his Exchange.
That any American Troops should have remained with the
Enemy from Choice, is a disagreable Circumstance.
Nothing of Importance can be communicated from hence. A
person who appears active, passed here in quest of Boards & Tim-
ber. Enquiries shall be made for plank & square Timber, and if
any can be heard of, or procured, you shall have immediate notice.
The Continuance of your Correspondence & Intelligence, as far
as consistant with your Duty & Health, is earnestly requested.
I am respectfully Sir your most obedient humble Servant,
Wm. Allison,
Brigadier Genl. (George) Clinton.
Public Papers of George Clinton. 357
[No. 181.]
A Private and Domestic Epistle from John Du Bois.
Wilmington Sept'r 29d 1776.
Dear Sir,
You'll receive this by the hands of Mr. Jas. Walker, a brother
in-law of mine; he is Aid-de-Camp to Brigadier Genl. Moore who
he attends to New York. I take the liberty of Recommending
him to you as a Gentleman worthy of your Notice. Any Civil-
ities that you'll please to shew him shall esteem as a particular
obligation.
Have been long very anxious to hear from you & it's long since
I had the pleasure of Writing; pray don't impute it to Neglect
or the want of Inclination, but rather the want of a convenient
■Opportunity; would have wrote by Mr. Hooper when he left this
last, but being in the Country at the time, did not (know) of his
going; hope the letter I wrote you by him the time before,
reached y'r hands; was much Concerned to hear of y^r Indisposi-
tion by him; hope long ere now you have perfectly recovered.
I suppose the present Confused State of y'r province renders i^
out of y'r power to transact any business for me. Should it not
be the Case, would be glad to hear by the bearer wether you
{have) been able to do any thing for me since I heard from you
last; have had a very sick family of late; my little boy lies just
now very ill of a flux. Mrs. Dubois is well; she joins me in best
compl's to Y'rSelf & Mrs. Clinton with sincere wishes for the
health & happiness of you & yours.
I remain with great Esteem
Y'r much obliged & most Obed't hum'le Serv't,
John DuBois.
Oeo. Clinton Esqr. .
358 Public Papers- of George Clinton.
[No. 182.]
Dr. Tappen Writes of Late Events and Family Neios.
Fort Montgomery Sept'r 23d 1776.
Dear Brother,
We last night Received the joyfull news that the City of New-
York is Burnt; we likewise hear that there is a French Fleet at
or near Sandy Hook, and it is supposed with us that this
is the Cause why the Enemy Burnt the City; but wether
this or any thing else be the cans, it appears that they where
not able to hold it, and no doubt it will have a glorious Effect
upon the tories, the worst Enemies. They where Exceedingly
Eejoyced at the news of our army Evacuating the town, and
Indeed our week Friends in the Country where much allarmed
at our Leaving the City standing; we are anctious to hear from
you, let us know the News when you Can Find time to write. I
Eeceived yours of the 17th instant. I have seen Mrs. Clinton a
few Days ago she still has some little Pains in her neck and
Eight arm, but not very Bad. Brother Christopher has been very
sick at your house; he has got some Better and is gone home;
the Eest of our Friends are well.
General James Desires his Love to you ; says he has Nothing to
right. I Conclude By Remaining you Sincere & affac'e Brother,
Peter Tappen.
(George Clinton, Esq.)
[No. 183.]
■ Family News from John McKesson.
Fishkill— Sept'r 23d 1776.
Dear Sir,
Your favour of the 20th came duely to hand, & yesterday I
waited on Mrs. Clinton & delivered it to her. She is afflicted with
Public Papeks of George Clinton. 359
the Rheumatizm but in such Health however, that I found her at
Church at Windsor where s(he) tarried the afternoon service also.
Caty is well, tho' her Eyes are weak; she was at Windsor, &
Cornelia is the best girl I ever saw at her age.
Mr. Tappen went home some days past in Jackson's sloop; a few
hours on the water recruited him amazingly. Mr. Jackson left
him chearful & I soon expect his return to Convention.
I left your mother Clinton, Mrs. James Clinton & Doctor Clin-
ton at your House, besides the usal family; and rather chearfull;
Mrs. Clinton (in) much better spirits than I have seen her. I
would have wrote to you yesterday Evening had I arrived here
in Time. I would frequently see Mrs. Clinton if the difficulty
& delay of those vsrretched Ferries did not prevent. Tis a
wretched impedm't with such Boats as they keep.
The only news here is the various accounts of seing the City
on fire, of which we have not rec'd any particulars.
I am Dear Sir yours affectionately,
John McKesson.
Genl. George Clinton.
[No. 184.]
PROTECTION AGAINST TORIES.
The New Yorh Convention Appoints a Committee to Look Out for
Conspiracies against the People.
Fishkill— Sept'r 24th 1776.
D'r Sir,
I do not immagine the enclosed Copy of Resolutions can engage
any part of your Time at present, but it is my Duty to enclose
them to you as Brig'r Genl. of the Militia of Ulster & Orange
'' That you may govern yourself accordingly."
360 Public Papers of George Clinton.
I have not anything to communicate. I am very sorry for the
Miscarriage of Sunday Evening. Twas owing to inattention to the
Sabbath. Had you laid the plan on Monday, the General would
have come at the hour appointed; The field Officers would each
have gone in a different Boat. When they Landed their men
would have followed them. Providence would have succeeded the
attempt, and your brave officers would have been living. I wish
you health & Happiness, and that if you must fly it may not be
in the Winter nor on the Sabbath day.
I am, D'r Sir, your Affectionate,
John McKesson.
IN CONVENTION OF THE REPRESENTATIVES OF THE
STATE OF NEW YORK.
' September 21, 1776.
WHEREAS, divers of the inhabitants of this State have, by
the wicked arts and insiduous and corrupt practices of William
Tryon, Esq; late Governor of the Colony of New-York, and his
adherents, been seduced to take part with our enemies, and aid
and abet their measures for subjugating the United States of
America.
AND WHEREAS, although sundry of the said parricides have
been discovered and secured, yet there is the highest reason to
believe, that the measures hitherto pursued, fully to detect and
suppress such iniquitous practices and conspiracies, have not been
effectual.
AND WHEREAS, this State is at present invaded by a powerful
army at the capital, and threatened with the incursions of another
army, attended with a host of savages on its northern and western
frontiers: This Convention find themselves reduced, by the great
laws of self-preservation, and the duties which they owe to their
Public Papers of George Clinton. 361
constituents, to provide that no means in their power be left un-
essayed to defeat the barbarous machinations of their domestic,
as well as external enemies; and do therefore,
RESOLVE, That a Committee be appointed for the express pur-
pose of enquiring into, detecting and defeating all conspiracies,
which may be formed in this State, against the liberties of
America, that they be empowered to send for persons and papers;
to call out such detachments of the militia or troops in the dif-
ferent counties, as they may, from time to time deem necessary
for suppressing insurrections; to apprehend, secure or remove
such persons, whom they shall judge dangerous to the safety of
the State; to make drafts on the treasury for a sum not exceeding
five hundred pounds; that they be empowered to enjoin secrecy
upon their own members, and the persons employed by the Com-
mittee, whenever they shall judge the same necessary; and in
general, to do every act and thing whatsoever, which may be
necessary to enable them to execute the trust hereby reposed in
them; That the said Committee keep regular minutes of all their
proceedings and expenditures, together with the examinations
which they may from time to time take, and the correspondence
they carry on for executing these Resolutions, in order that the
whole, or any part thereof, may be submitted to the consideration
of this Convention, or future Legislature of this State, whenever,
and as often as they may think proper to call for the same : That
they be empowered, if they shall think it necessary, to raise,
officer, and put under pay, any number of men, not exceeding two
hundred and twenty, officers included, to be upon the same estab-
lishment with those under the command of Captain Melancton
Smith, and to station them in such places, and to employ them on
such services as they shall judge expedient for the public safety.
362 Public Papers of George Clinton.
RESOLVED, That the company of thirty men, ordered this day
by this Convention to be raised by Captain Delavergne, be under
the direction of the said Committee.
ORDERED, That the several Committees in this State, do from
time to time transmit to the above-mentioned Committee, all such
information as they shall receive, relating to any machinations
aud conspiracies against this State, and that copies of these resolu-
tions be immediately sent by express to the Chairmen of the
County Committees, and to all the Brigadier Generals, or com-
manding Officers of the Militia in this State, that they may govern
themselves accordingly.
Extract from the minutes.
Robert Benson, Secr'y.
The Committee appointed to carry the within Resolutions into
Execution are,
William Duer John Jay
Charles D'Witt Zephaniah Piatt &
Leonard Gansevoort Nathaniel Sackett
Which is Certified by
John McKesson Secry.
To the Honorable George Clinton, Esqr., Brigadier Genl. of the
Militia of Ulster & Orange.
[No. 185.]
Touching Fire Sloops and Deserters.
Fort Montgomery 25th Sept'r 1776.
Sir,
Agreeable to A Request of the Committee of Poughkeepsie
Precinct I was Requested to send P. the bearer, Adam Todd the
Fire Sloop Joanna, that Lays here in Part sunk. I have fur-
Public Papers of George Clinton. 363
nished a Number of hands in Order to Raise her, but found she
Con'd not be got up in Season to send Down. I thought it Ad-
viseable to send you another & if you want her & the Others Down
I will Endeavor to have her got up & sent Down as soon as Pos-
sible.
I have sent P. the bearer, a Certain James Campbell & John
Minthorn, their being supposed to be Deserters; Cambell saith
he belongs to Colo. Lasher's Regim't & had leave to go home to
see his Familly. Minthorn saith he belongeth to a Comp'y in
Colo. Hardenburgh Regim't. Neither of them having any Per-
mit to pass I thought it best to send them Down to join their
Regim'ts &c. I am Sir
Your Verry humble Serv't,
Cornel's Humfrey.
To Bri. General George Clinton, K. Bridge,
[No. 186.]
Dr. Tappen Reports the Fort Montgomery Garrison Well.
Fort Montgomery, Sept'r 27th 1776.
Dear Brother,
Mr. Blauw stoped here in his way to Kings Brige; he tells me
Mrs. Clinton is Quite Bravely; we just now had an account of
our People having Left Powles Hoock; I hope that our army will
not Retreat much further. By a letter from you to Coll. Thomp-
son I understand you had wrote to me and some Particulars but I
have never yet Received it. Our Garison is healthy; the General
is gone home, I Expect him Down again to day.
I am Your AfE'e Broth'.
Peter Tappen.
(Gen. George Clinton).
364 Public Papers op George Clinton.
[No. 187.]
A MALICIOUS RUMOE AGAINST LOEiD STIRLING.
John Young's Earnest Language to Gen. George Clinton Over the
Patroifs Cause — Danger of the People on the Frontier from In-
dians.
My D'r friend,
Having an opertunity by my Son in law who has longed for
Sum time, to See your Camp, & to know how maters goes, as we
geft no peapers now, & many Diferant Stories going that one
is at a loss which to bleve, its talked here that Lord Steirling has
proved tratior, at Long Island the time of the battle there^
though he apered forward for the Cause at first, o the (trea)-
tchory of Commanding officers Ruings many a (just*) Cause;
I wish from my Soul there was not one tratoir in our army but
Could be purged out, & hope the Lord who is a hart Sarching
God may Discover y'm and make them known.
I could wish from my Soul y't you had as true officers, in all
the army to assist you as Coll. Levi Palin, then I Should not be
afraid of bribery or Couerdice hurting our Cause; there is Sum
others of my acquaintance that I can confide in, both in there
honesty & Curage; there is Levt. Alaxander Beatty & the two
Levt'nts, Robt. & James Munel ; o if we ware once humlbled truly,
on account of Sin, then might we hope the Lord would Soon aper
(appear) for our Deliurance from the bitter Rage of our in-
vitret Enimies that is Studing our Ruin; but all my Comfort is,
God Raigns both in heaven & Earth, amongest men, & will Do
his pleasure; we must Confess that we have greatly prouked the
Lord by our Sins, in Causing to Send forth his Judgments
amongest us as was & pestelance & I Do not look for Gods Smiles
untill we Retorn to him, from whom we have Revolted by true &
*MSS. illegible.
Public Papers of George Clinton. 365
onfanied Kepentance; I main the great God whome wf^ have
ofended by Sin.
I think the Cause we are Oonding (contending) for is verry
Just, & hope the Lord will Countenanice it, at the last on Due
Humilation ; the Lord has Cast my Lot on the f runtiers where the
people begin to be afraid of ye Savages & tories, & talk of moving
in as ye Chief of our men is gon of to ye war; but I think to
stand it as long as I can. My D'r frind may your life & all true
harted mens lives be presious in gods Site, & return you in ye
End to your D'r family, which is my Ernest Desire & prayer to
God for you & all true harted men; give my kind Regards to the
man I regard mutch — Colo Palin & all mine acquantances and
I Remain your Ever loving friend, & Humble Servant
John Young.
Excuse ye want of paper a line from you would be verry ac-
ceptable about our loss of men.
Nueshangunk September ye 29th 1776.
To Bridgadear jeneral George Clinton in camp at Kingsbridge.
[No. 188.]
Confidential News from John McKesson.
Fish Kill Sunday morning near 8 o'Clock
Sept. 29th. (1776.)
My Dear General,
I gratefully acknowledge the receipt of your two last. It
gives me some pain that my Brother misunderstood me when
I mentioned the Intelligence of the retreat of the Army from
the Lines by Stuyvesandts and the abandoning the posts in &
about the City.
Comparing the accounts from General Scott & yourself and
the Letters of Colo. Nicoll and major Fish, to me with the daily
366 Public Papers of George ■ Clinton,
reports of many things we beard^ I , told my Brother and
one or two others in answer to their many Questions, that several
things we heard & even some we read, I could not explain or
understand for want of Knowing the spots of Ground where they
happen'd or of haveing some person to describe them who had
been present, for Instance I could not conceive how General
Scott's men could desert him & leave him on the Ground with
only four white men & an Indian; And yet Colo. Malcom had
said his was the only Corps who made an Orderly retreat. Genl.
Scott picked up a part of his Brigade afterwards nearer to the
City, yet we were credibly informed that a Lieut't Colo. & part
of one of his Regim'ts fled from the Lines into the City & to
Powles Hook. Let these suffice.
I have conveyed your favour of the 24:th together with your
Letters to Mrs. Clinton. She recovers. Cantine was there yes-
terday & she read some of your Letters to him. I am extremely
sorry for (John) Wisner. I tho't him weak & flighty, but I
really tho't he would fight. I immagine the Bad Impressions
caused by the abandoning Long Island and the City are not
entirely worn off, & therefore weak minds are sooner alarmed.
Tho' both removals ought perhaps to have taken place long
before you know the Phrase among the Inferior parts of the
army was " we are sold."
I hope e'er this reaches you additions to the obstructions of
Hudsons River will have arrived. One of those vessels deserved
a Better fate. She should have been at sea armed.
The Cabinet never stood in so much need of you & General
Scott; pray where is Genii. Scott? what is he doing? how is he?
can you in a Line which will Contain nothing public let me
know why his visits at head Quarters are in his opinion not ac-
'Public Papers of George Clinton. 367
ceptable? The Cabinet has been ruined to supply the Camp.
If you see Colo. Broome or Mr. Tred well command them here.
Your Brother Genl. of the 25th is supposed by some here to
have lately fallen into Bad hands & to be led. He used tell me
certain persons aimed to lead him & laughed at it. But a Gentle-
man told me lately he was effectually caught & not his own
man.
The Committee of Correspondence are all absent but Duer —
and the whole Correspondence now rests between him & a cer-
tain Tench Tilghman, a Clerk to the Generals Clerk, & some-
times his private correspond't Moylan.
I have not time to read this & you know it will not bear
shewing.
I am your affectionate,
John McKesson.
Genl. (George) Clinton.
[No. 189.]
Churlish Conduct of Mr. Boyd toward Mrs. Clinton.
i Hanover October the 1st 1776.
Mr. Clinton,
Sir,
I now embrace this oppertunity To acquant you honour, that
I have agreable to your Keques^ purchested about Seven
hundred Bushels of wheat, and I make now doubt but I will
Purchace some Thousands this week, Though the Congress has
bid up to 6/6 and Flower to 20/ as I am inform'd by Mr. Dubois.
I was up to see Mrs. Clinton and She is Very Unwell, and Mrs.
Clinton sent for Mr. Boyd To desire him to get ye Mill in ready-
ness, and He seem'd to be very short, and desired her if she
Wanted to set the Mill to work that she should Apply to Mr.
368 Public Papers of George Clinton.
Harris for he had given up His part of the mill to him, so no
More at Present but Remains your Loving friend,
James Jackson Jun'r.
P. S. Mr. Dubois tells me he will do all that lays in (his
power) to' assist me.
(Gen. George Clinton).
[No. 190.]
Henry Wisner Deplores the Cowardly Conduct of His Cousin, John
Wisner, to Gen. Clinton.
Fishkill October 4th day 1776.
Dear Sir,
After my most hearty Respects have only to ask the favour of
Being informed of the Situation and Sircumstances of my
unhapy Cousin, John Wisner, the near Connection and perticuler
Regard I have for his father gives me great pain; the accounts
I have are so Broken that I dont Know what to Believe or what
not, however I dare say the accounts are Bad Enough.
I wrote a few lines to Coll. Nicoll desired him. to perpose to my
Cousin To Petition the general to give him an opertunity in some
meashure to Recover his Character By fighting without the lines,
the first opertunity, which I Expect will Be are (ere) long.
I think he may safely doe that now, as the venture will not Be
■very great, unless he sets a higher value on himself now than he
aught to doe; we are going on very slow here as the Tories takes
up full one half of our time; however we seam to dispose of them
prittey well at present, the formation of government goes on very
slow indeed; we have done Little or nothing about it. I am
greatly Rejoyced to hear that our troops are gaining spirit; God
Public Papers of George Clinton. 369
grant you and them proper firmness of mind to incounter with
manly fortitude the important duty which in providence you are
Called to undertake.
Which is the prayer of your sencear friend,
and Humble Servant,
Henry Wisner.
To Brigadear General George Clinton at Kings Bridge.
[No. 191.]
D. Wynkoop Jr. Notifies George Clinton, that the Back Settlers
of Ulster Fear the Indians.
Kingston the 5 Octob'r 1776.
Deer Sir,
I Reced Your favour by Capt. Janson and am glead To Under-
stand that you Have Hitherto been able To undergo the flttauge
(fatigue) of a Compain In Which I Hope God Will Protect you;
mj Femely are In a Good State of Health. Mrs. Tappen is Mend-
ing but Has been But Very poorly. I am Just Come Home From
my brother's. He is Very Poorly and his Disease is Very Mutch
Like^yours Wass Last Year, So that He is Not able To Help Him-
self In the Lest; his Wife and femely are In Good health and
Desire To be Remembred To you. Many of our back Satlers
are moving In from Papaconck and Paghketacken upon Delaware
on account of fear of the Indiens. I wish you Health and Sucksess
In the Glorious Cause In which we are Ingaged, and I Trust In
God that we will Be able To Beet them after all thair Bosting;
ss the Bearer is Going off I must be short and Remain Yours
Most Sinceer frind and Humble Servent,
D. Wynkoop, Jun.
P. S. My mother wife and Children Joins In Complements To you.
[To Gen. Geo. Clinton.]
24
370 Public Papers of Geor(5e Clinton. •
[No. 192.] ,
George Clinton Orders Lieutenant-Colonel Henry B. Livingston to
Gather in the Men of Colonel Smithes Command.
Newhaven 5th October 1776.
Sir,
The Convention of the State of New york by a late Eesolve
directed Colo. Smith's Regiment to join my Brigade at King's
Bridge; but from the Colo's Conduct in going over to Long
Island, (where I understand he remains with his Familly), and
the dispersed situation of the Officers & Men few, (if any of them),
have yet joined me; And as many of them are scattered along
the shore in the Different Towns in the State of Connecticut, as
far East as New London, who may with Ease join your Detach-
ment & from their Knowledge of Long Island be very useful in
removing stock & Effects from thence, &ca. &ca.. You are, there-
fore, to use your best endeavours to cause them to collect & join
your Detachment accordingly, & they are to be under your im-
mediate Command till further Orders.
I woud advise that the Number of Officers of that Regiment
who may join your Detachment may be proportionate to fifty
Privates in a Company as nearly as may be their Situation &
other Circumstances considered. I am your
Most Humble Serv't,
G. C.
To Lieut. Colo. (Henry B.) Livingston.
[No. 193.]
Which Touches the GeneraVs Mill and Family.
New Windsor, October the 6th 1776.
Sir,
I this day received yours dated the 29th of September; agreable
to your Desire I have been to Mr. Harres he has a Carpenter at
Public Papers of George Clinton. 371
work repairing your Mill. She will be fit for Business in about a
week but is Very scant of water. Tomorrow I Entend to Go to
Mr. Mitchell to Git him to asist Mr. Harris. Mr. Jackson Tells
me he has been out the week past and has Engaged Two Thousend
five hundred Bushels of wheat and has not aplied to me for assist-
ance for the rest, which I make no Dout I Can Purchase Tomorow ;
flower is not to be had at 18 S for Mr. Schenck Gives 20 S
Sir, if you Cbuld send flowr Cask it would be of service for they
are not to be had here. Mrs. Clinton is Gifting better; she was
in meeting to day. The rest of your famaly are well. I am with
all due respect your Humble servent at Command,
Mathew Dubois.
(Gen. George Clinton).
[No. 194.]
Lieutenant-Colonel Hulbert's Account of Expenses at New Haven,
with Vouchers.
An account of Expence while on Command From Oct'r 1th to
ye^Tth. (1776).
Lth Cash
. p'd at rye for Ei
itertai
nment
£0.
9.4
do
do
do at Stanford
do Nor walk
L
0.
M'y.
6. 0
2. 3
2d do
do Milford
•f
2 13
do
do ]^ew Haven
55
1 3
do
do Durham
)?
1 6
do
do for Express
Middletown
from
to
1
Govener Trumbell
4 Dollers
J
1
4 —
372
Public Papers of George Clinton.
Oet'r 2d Cash for Horse Hire from 1 '•
North Haven to Mid- ■
dletown J — 7 —
do p'd Mending a Saddle |
at New Haven j — 3 6
do paid Express from N 1
Haven to New Lon- i
don to Colo. Living- i
ston 7 Dollers
J 2
2- —
do paid y'e Bill at New
1
Haven
\^
14 —
6th do paid at Milford
—
8 6
do paid at Fairfield
—
10 10
do do at Norwalk
—
3 —
do do at Horseneck
—
4 2
Lawf ull M'y
9
8 7
add 1/3
3
2 10 1/4
12 11 5 1/4
£13 3 0 1/4
Genl. Clinton, Lincoln & rnr. Hobart
To Isaac Beers Dr.
1776.
Octo'r 2nd 3 Supers 3 0
3 Clubs Wine 3/6 2 Beds 1/4 4 10
3rd Cherry 4d 3 brkfasts 3/ 3 4
3 dinners 3/ —3 Clubs Wine 3/3 6 3
3 Supers 3/ —3 Clubs 1/6 4 6
messrs. Dwight's & Trumbull's Supers & Clubs 3 —
2 Beds * 1 4
3 brkfasts 3/ —3 dinn^s 3/ 6 —
Public Papers op George Clinton. 373
7
9
4
7
3
5
13
6
£3 1
6
12
6
3 14
0
Octo'r 4tli 3 Clubs 4/9 3 Sup's 3/
3 Clubs 3/3 2 beds 1/4
5th Cherry 5d 3 brkf'ts 3
3 horses 3 nights at 1/6
Colo. Hulbert's Bill
N. Haven 5 Oct.
Rec'd of Colo. Hulburt the Contents
in full
Is'c Beers.
New Haven Oct'r 4th 1776.
Rec'd of Lie't Colo. Hulbret Seven Dollers for Expence Horse
Hire and My Time Riding Express from this to New London
Direct'd to Colo. Livingston by Genii. Clinton's Order.
Abner Austin.
[No. 195.]
James Jackson to George Clinton, Relative to Business Matters.
New Windsor October the 8th 1776.
Mr. Clinton,
Sir,
Agreable to your orders I have now Bought Twenty five hun-
dred bushels of wheait @ 6/ and the sto'rage payable in a short
time; if it Would answer the Generel I should be glad to have
Some Money up with Mr. HoUady. Mr. Dubois tels me he has
been to Wm. Ellison and he has agread to let Him have as
much more at the same prise^ the Mill Will soon be ready to
grind, so I purpes to get what wheat Is in store up as soon as
possable. Mrs. Clinton Is Getting better and the Rest of the
family Is well. I should be glad the Generel would let me know
374
Public Papeks of George Clinton.
by Mr. Hallady, if I must purchace any more' wheat At the same
prise. I make no doubt but I can Get some more if it would be
wanted, •
These from your friend & well wisher,
James Jackson, Jun'r.
P. S. I should be glad the G^nerel would spake to the Com-
mesery to send up what Caskes he, can by Mr. Boyds Perriauger;
She will be down soon with Powder. For they are an articual
much Wanted.
[No. 196.]
Detail of Guards in Gen. Clinton's Command.
A Detail of the Guards marched from the Grand Parade
Oct'r 8th 1776.
Guards
1
1
"3
O
V
S
09
P.
a
O
6
1
1
p
•Ji
•i
'3-
u
6
a c6
Privates.
Morrissania
Willett's Point
Kingsbridge
Fort Indepen:
1
1
12
2
3
1
12
2
3
1
12
2
3
1
4
2
2
1
9
400
50
90
30
Total
1
1
1
8
18
18
18
570
Nich's Fish, B. M. (Brigade Major) of the Day.
To the Honorable Brigadier Genl. Clinton,
Brigadier of the Day.
[No. 197.]
Touching the Estate of John Macaulay.
New Marlbourgh, October ye 9th 1776.
Sir,
I have been Inform'd by a Gentleman Late of New York, that
the kind Mr. John Mcaulay in his Life time, Did Lodge a Sum of
Public Papers op George Clinton. 375
money with you to put to use for him; the truth whereof I Should
be glad to Know as the Estate is much in my Debt & it has fell
upon me to Settle it; & as to that affair of (my *) Brother Ab-
salom's bond to my honourd uncle's Estate, the money has Laid
Ready in mr. Henry Cropsy's hands, Since ye 6th of July Last,
& he as well as my Brother is very Desirous of Lifting his bond;
therefore, if you would be So good, as to Direct Some person to
Receive the money, & Deliver the bond, I shall be obbliged to
you; the bond is Dated 21 Decembr 1773 £100 Intest to 6 July
1776; as you told me at fort & your bill of Cost to it. please to
obblige me with an answer.
from, Sir, yours to Serve,
Stephen Case.
To General Clinton.
[No. 198.]
CONCENTRATING AGAINST THE BRITISH ADVANCE.
Reinforcing the Troops at PeeJcsMIl and Orders to the Up River
Militia to he Ready to Move at a Moment's Notice.
In Committee of Safety from the State of New York Fishkill —
Oct'r 10th 1776.
RESOLVED, that the Commanding officer of the militia of
Ulster County, do immediately send down. 300 men of the Militia
of the County of Ulster, to Peekskill well armed and accoutred
with three days provisions.
RESOLVED, that the Commanding Officer on the south side
of the Mountains or High-Lands in the County of Orange, be
directed to order such a number of the militia from that part of
the said County which lays on the south side of the High Lands
as will be sufficient to Guard their shores, and to appoint a com-
missioner to supply them with provisions.
*MSS. torn.
376 Public Papers of George Clinton.
And that tlie Commaiidiiig Officer on the north side of the
Highlands, in the said County, Order one hundred of the Militia
from the north side of the High Lands of the said County to
march without Delay to Peekskill taking with them three days
provisions.
EESOLVED that Benjamin Haight and Mathew Harper be
commissioners, to supply them with provisions, and that this
Convention will provide means for defraying the Expense.
OEDERED, that the Brigadier Generals of the Counties of
Albany, Dutchess, Ulster and Orange, give orders to the several
Colonels in their Brigades to hold the one half of their several
Regiments in Readiness to march at an hour's notice with five
days provisions.
RESOLVED, that all the Rangers raised in the County of
Ulster repair immediately to Fishkill and be subject to the
direction of the Committee for enquiring into, detecting, and
defeating all conspiracies formed in this State against the Liber-
ties of America.
Extract from the Minutes of this Afternoon.
John McKesson, Secr'y.
The English Ships Run hy Our Defences and Beach DoWs Ferry.*
King's Bridge, 10th October, 1776.
Dear Sir — The money I received from Convention, for the
second moiety of the bounty of the men belonging to my brigade,
by the accounts returned to me by the different colonels, appears
to have fell short of the sum due for that purpose, about 800
dollars. Such of the men who, on account of the above defi-
ciency, have not yet been paid their full bounty are exceedingly
* From the Journal of the Proceedings of the New York Provincial Congress.
Public Papers of George Clinton. 377
discontented. I have therefore thought it advisable to send the
bearer (Lieut. Gol. Hamman) for the sum due, that they may be
paid, and have no just cause of complaint. I have not yet been
able to have the men mustered by the Continental Muster-Master
General, though I have frequently mentioned it to His Excel-
lency General Washington. I am not, however, apprehensive
the State can labour under any disadvantage on this score, as
the General has ordered them paid up till the last of August;
and they have received their pay to that time, accordingly.
Yesterday moirning three of the enemy's shipping, to wit, a 40,
44 and 20 gun ship and three tenders passed by in shore, east of
our obstructions in the river opposite Fort Washington, receiv-
ing but little damage; and are now up the river as far as Dobb's
Ferry. They took two or three of our small river sloops of little
value, and I am informed now lay opposite two of our galleys,
which run aground, and I suppose are in their power. The two
ships to be sunk, run ashore near Col. Phillips; we sent a party
to bring them down last night, so that I hope they are safe.
The bearer will inform you of any other particulars respecting
military matters.
I am, with due respect,
Your most dbedt. servt.
Geo. Clinton.
[No. 199.]
Dr. Tappen Sends George Clinton His Sword hut Retains His Pis-
tols for Prudential Reasons.
Fort Montgomery, Oct'r 11th 1776.
D'r Brother,
I Received yours of the 21st, Sept'r, but not till it was about
a fortnight old. Notwithstanding, I was exceeding happy to
378 Public Papers, of George Clinton.
hear from you and especially the particular account you gave me
of the Engagement near Matje Davit's Fly,* as the accounts we
git here are very uncertain and Incurrect. The anxiety you Ex-
press about Mrs. Clinton's Health makes me feel for you, but
whatever information I have givin you Respecting her, has been
just; she has still more or less Rumatism in her neck, but here
Ooiugh is Better then when you left home. I think upon the
Whole, that could she have you with her. Would be very well.
I send your Sword by this Opportunity. I had Concluded to
send my Pistols likewise, but the shiping coming up in the River
again, and as they are the only warlike impliment I have, I
thought it Prudent to keep them; two of the Row Gallies are up
here. I hope we shall now in a few Days git the Chain acrosst
the River here as it is almost Done; if we where able to lock up
those ships in the River now I think would be Prity Cliver.
General James is well.
I Rem'n Your Lov'g Brot'r,
Peter Tappen.
To Brig'r Genl. George Clinton, Kings Bridge.
[No. 200.]
The Tory Committee Produces Good Results.
D'r Sir,
I am happy to hear you are returnd to Camp.
This day the Tory Committee (as commonly called) have sent
off under Guard to the westward a number of the recruits which
enlisted for the Enemy and were apprehended in & on the Boders
of this County. They have 18 or 20 prisoners yet in the Guard
house here, besides some other prisoners about this place on
parole.
Enclosed is a Copy of the most material minutes of the Com-
mittee of Safety this afternoon.
♦Battle of Harlem Heights.
Public Papers of George Clinton. 379
Can Ulster send 300 men? I fear it cannot. Was it necessary
to appoint Commissaries to supply Troops at Peekskill? Does
not Mr, Paulding supply all Troops there?
I am D'r Sir,
Yours affectionately,
John McKesson.
Oct'r nth past 2 o'Clock A. M.
General Clinton.
[No. 201.]
Patriotism versus Post Riding.
Heights of Harlem Oct. 11th 1776.
Dear Sir,
Case's Brother Absalom, has rode himself off his Horse; that
is to say, he has rode till he has thrown himself into some Dis-
order or other by it which threatens Ms Life. In Consequence
of this. Case wants another Rider, & has applied to his Brother
in Law, the Bearer hereof, John Stevenson, for the Purpose; he
was a Post Rider formerly. But it seems Stephenson belongs to
the Army; he is a Serjeant or Corporal in Capt. Conklin's Com-
pany, Ool. Paulding's Regt. in your Brigade, & cannot ride Post
without a Discharge. I think, considering Circumstances^
another Rider is necessary, but am too much a Friend to the
Country to wish to make the Army even one Man less than it is.
I mentioned this to Stephenson. He says he can get a younger
man to supply his Place who can do the Duty of his OflSce as well
as he can. Upon this Condition I wish you to discharge him, as
it will be of Service to the Public. We have no news among us.
I am Dear Sir, Yrs,
Eben Hazard.
(Gen. George Clinton.)
380 Public Papers of George Clinton.
[No. 202.]
The Rev. John Close Discloses His Ideas of tJie War o/nd Incidentally
Alludes to a Lost Handkerchief.
S'r,
The Day I parted with jou, I had an opportunity of seeing
another little Scnrmish, between two Tenders a row Gaily in ye
Enemies Service, & our Men, on ye west side of the River. Some
Boats attempted to land, but our People gave them a wairm
Reception, & they retreatd to ye Men of War after firing about
an Hour & a half. In Consequence of ye King's Ships coming
up ye River, another Part of our Malitia is draughted off; this
Part of ye Country is now prodigiously dreand of Men: the
Pollicy of which, I must confess, I have not Penetration enough
to discearn. While this State is ye Seate of War, & ye Masters
of any considerable Part of ye N. River, Provision will be of
much more Importance to the Continent, for ye Supply of ye
Army, in these Parts, than where ye Conveyance will be any
considerable Distance by Land, Men are much easier, & with
much less Expence, conveyd by Land than Provision for their
Support, for any length of Time; but if so many of our Farmers,
continue to be calld off from their Business, we shall not long
have much to Spare.
And besides, I think, the most of our men in these Counties on
ye River ought to be kept at Home as a Reserve, if ye Enemy
should brake through our Armies, either tO' ye Northward or
Southward. Should we not have men enough in ye internal Part
of this Country, to check their Progress, (if that should happen)
before men could be called from other States, they might perhaps
Join their Armies, & make themselves masters of the Pass be-
tween N. York & Canada & we are also, on this Side ye River
Public Papers of George Clinton. 381
exposed constantly to ye Incursions of a Savage Enemy on our
Backs. But I piray & hope that that Being who Superintends all
human Affairs, will baffle all ye Scheems, & disappoint ye At-
tempts of our Enimies against us.
yours affectionately,
J. Close.
Bethlehem October 16, 1776.
P. S. I should be glad you would be good enough to ask your
Servants, if they Saw a Spotted blew & white Hankerchlef in
ye Room where I lodged when with you last.
(Gen. George Clinton.)
[No. 203.]
Recommendations for Promotions.
As there is a Vacancy in Capt'n James Teller's Company in
Our Regiment by the Death of Lieut. William Tremper — We
would Recommend James Betts who is at present a Serjeant
Major in the Regiment and has always Done his Duty as such
with alertness and behaved himself well and acceptable.
Morris Graham Coll.
Camp Kings Bridge October 17, 1776.
To George Clinton Esq'r Brigadier Gen.
King's Bridge 17th Octob'r 1776.
I Certify that by Means of the Death of Lieut. Van Kleak of
Capt. Swarthoudt's Company in my Regiment there is a vacancy
for a 2d Lieut, in said Company which for the Good of the Ser-
vice ought to be filled up And that Rudolphus Brewer eldest Ser-
vant of said Company is a proper Person to be appointed to that
Office.
Jacobus Swartwout Col.
382 Public Papers of George Clinton.
[No. 204.] ; , ;
Jolin Sloss Hdbart Writes Patriotically.
Fairfield, October 17th 1776.
My dear General,
Are we to be disapointed in our favourite Expidition? Are the
good people of Suffolk to suffer without any hope of ridemption?
Why are the Troops ordered from hence just as our Expedition
is on the point of Execution? Surely the army is strong enough
without them. I fancy somebody wants to see the Suffolk Eegi-
ments about him, that he may brag of the Boston folks, for I
assure you they make a very respectable figure on the parade and
I dare say will do well in the field; let me entreat you to inter-
pose and prevent this plan from being blasted. Coll. Mcintosh
will inform you of the State of matters here; all of Smith's Regi-
ment that are on this side are ordered to rendevouz at New
Haven next Monday. The Convention will not sell the Mont-
gomery but have ordered her to sea; my design at present is to
send a vessel for a load of salt. If you can procure me a few of
the 3 pounders in the neighbourhood of Kings Bridge shall be
much obliged. I hear the Enemy are near you & that a general
action is probably not far off. I sincerely wish you Life with
Liberty or death with Glory and am with great Sincerity,
Your most affectionate hum'le Serv't,
Jno. Sloss Hobart.
(Gen. George Clinton).
[No. 205.]
Adjutant-General Reed TumUes Col. Thomas Out of His Quarters.
Head Quarters Oct. 18th 1776.
Sir,
The House you now Occupy is much wanted for the General
Courts Martial to set at & also for a Guard House for the Provost
Public Papers of George Clinton. 383
Marshall. You are Requested by the Adjutant General to let Mr.
Bryan, the Provost Marshall, have Possesion of it for that pur-
pose.
For the Adjt. Gen.
Your Hble. Serv't,
Ghas. Knowles, Clk.
To. Colo. Thomas.
Note on back by G. C. "18th October 1776: Adjud't Genl.
Reed's currious Order to Colo. Thomas to deliver up his House to
Provost Marshal."
[No. 206.]
CONCH SHELLS AS A DANGER SIGNAL.
Methods of the Tories to Disconcert the Plans of the Colonists.
Fishkill,— October 18, 1776.
D'r Sir,
I gratefully acknowledge the receipt of your last Letter. I
was at Windsor on Sunday last; All was as well there as can be
expected. The naval Engagem't on Lake Champlain must be
well known to you e'er this. I have been out the greater part of
the two past nights, and Gansevoort has the Letter at present
or I would yet enclose you a Copy of it. Captain Smith, of
Dutches, is gone into the Mountain this night to secure some
Recruits designed to go on board the Enemies ships; with his
guides and the plan laid. There is prospect of success — but as
soon as any discovery of a party of our Troops is made by any
means, the sounding of Conck Shells immediately gives a general
alarm to those diffected Rebels.
A person now in New Marlborough who passed northward in
May last, is suspected to be one of the Enemy's Recruiting Officers.
In May last he said he had deserted from Dunmore in Virginia;
384 Public Papers of George Clinton.
his late conduct is of a different cast. I hppe to see him here to
morrow.
The Tories a few days ago rescued half a Dozen Prisoners on
their way under Guard from Kinderhook to Connecticut, and
wounded one of the Guard. Vigorous measures are pursuing to
apprehend the Eescuers. A Comp'y of Albany Rangers & the
well affected militia are employed in that service.
The plan of Governm't & Justice (a child of Heaven) is so far
come to maturity, that I had the Honor yesterday to make a Copy
of it for some other members of the Committee on Governm't it
has not yet been farther exposed to view.
I am, D'r Sir, your very affectionate.
John McKesson.
General Clinton.
[No. 207.]
Colonel Allison Alludes to Arnold^s Great Victory on Lake Cham-
plain.
Fishkills 18th Oct. 1776.
D'r Sir,
I take the Liberty to Informe you, that I have been absent for
some time. Since my Leaving Convention Mr. Duer and Mr.
Levingston has managed the End of our appointment. Since my
Return have seen no Letters of Correspondence from you, for
which I am Very sorry; if it should be owing to a failing on our
Part, In continuing ours to you, whoise Infoirmation I am sure
the Convention depended much upon.
You Doubtless have heard of the Battle on the Lake the 11th
Instant, If not, and Desire it, I will Furnish you with a Coppy of
genrl. Arnold's Letter In my next.
Public Papers of George Clinton. 385
The present Situation of affairs must Raise an anxiety in the
Brest of Every Lover of his Country, It appears Likely to me that
a Little while, vrill Do a great Deal for or against America.
we just hear our Restless Enemy in Hudsons River have taken
move as high as Taller's point, I suppose to collect Beef and
Tories, and I hope the Vigelance of our troops will frustrate their
Desighns.
A continuance of yours will be greatfully Rec'd By the Con-
vention, and your most obedient Hum'le Serv't,
Wm. Allison.
gener'l george Clinton.
[No. 208.]
The Situation in the North.
Fishkill Oct'r 19th near 11 o'clock
A. M.
D'r Sir,
About an Hour ago a Letter from Genl. Schuyler was rec'd of
which the enclosed is a Copy.* This is very different from
•Gen. Schuyler's Letter not found in Clinton MSS. This copy taken from the
Journal of the New York Provincial Congress.
Saratoga Octr. 16th, 1776,
6 o'clock in the afternoon.
Sir— By a letter from Generals Gates and Arnold, I am advised of the total destruc-
tion of our fleet on Lake Champlain, and that it is beyond doubt that the enemy
mean to attack our army at Tlconderoga. I have written to General Ten Broeck to
march up the militia under his command, and I have also applied to that of the
neighbouring States. General Gates wishes to be sustained by an army of 10 or 12,000
of them. It is certainly of the highest importance that all the militia that can be
spared should march up without delay, either to support General Gates, If there should
be time, or to cover his retreat should he be reduced to the necessity of quitting his
ground; and I must therefore intreat your aid. Permit me to suggest that I believe
the Convention's moving to Albany would be attended v/ith good consequences.
I am sir, most respectfully.
Your obt. hble servt,
Phil. Schuyler.
To the Honble. Abm. Yates, Esqr.
President of the Convention.
25
386 Public Papers of George Clinton.
the copy of Arnold's Letter* to Gates rec'd three days since.
What will be done on this I know not. The many Oom-
Schuyler's island, Octo. 12th, 1776.*
Dear General — Yesterday morning at 8 o'clock the enemy's fleet, consisting of one ship
mounting 16 guns, one snow mounting the same number, one schooner of 14 guns, two
of 12, two sloops, a bomb ketch, and a large vessel, (that did not come up,) with 15
of 20 flat bottomed boait's, or gondolas, carrying one 12 or 18 pounder in their bows,
appeared off Cumberland Head. We immediately prepared to receive them; the gallies
and Royal Savage, were ordered under wiay, the rest of our fleet lay at anchor. At 11
o'clock they ran under the lee of Valcour, and began the attack. The schooner, by
Bome bad management, fell to leeward, and was first attacked; one of her masts was
wounded, and her rigging shot away; the captain thought prudent to run her on the
Point of Valcour, where all the men were saved. They boarded her and at night set
fire to her. At half past 12 the engagement became general and very warm. Some of
the enemy's ships, and all their gondolas beat and rounded up within musket shot
of us; they continued a very hot fire, with round and grape shot, until 5 o'clock, when
they thought proper to retire to about 6 or 7 hundred yards distance, and continued
the fire until dark. The Congress and Washington have suffered greatly; the latter
lost her first lieutenant killed, captain and master wounded; the New-York lost all her
officers, except her captain; the Philadelphia was hulled ih so many places that she
sunk in about one hour after the engagement was over. The whole killed and wounded
amounts to about 60. The enemy landed a large number of Indians on the island and
each shore, who kept up an incessant fire on us, but did little damage. The enemy,
had, to appearance, upwards of 1,000 in batteau prepared for boarding. We suffered
much for want of seamen and gunners. I was obliged myself to point most of the
guns on board the Congress, which I believe did good execution. The Congress received
seven shot between wind and water; was hulled a dozen times, had her main mast
wounded in two places, and her yard in one. The Washington was hulled a number of
times; her main mast shot through, and must have a new one. Both vessels are very
leaky and want repairing.
On consulting with Genl. Waterbury and Colo. Wigglesworth, it was thought prudent
to return to Crown Point; every vessel's ammunition being nearly three-fourths spent.
At 7 o'clock Colo. Wigglesworth, in the Trumbull, got under way. The gondolas and
small vessels followed, and the CongreSB and Washington brought up the rear. The
enemy did not attempt to molest us. Most of the fleet is this minute come to an
anchor; the wind is small to the southward; the enemy's fleet is under way to leeward,
and beating up. As soon as our leaks are stopped, the whole fleet will make the utmost
despatch to Crown Point, where I beg you will send ammunition, and your further
orders for us. On the whole, I think we have had a very fortunate escape, and have
great reason to return our humble and hearty thanks to Almighty God, for preserving
and delivering so many of us from our more than savage enemies.
I am, &c.
B. Arnold.
P. S. I had not moved on board the Congress when the enemy appeared, and lost all
my papers, and mosib of my clothes on board of the schooner. I wish a dozen batteaux
well manned could be sent Immediately, and tow up the vessels in case of a southwardly
wind.
I cannot in Justice to the officers In the fleet omit mentioning their splendid conduct
durins the action.
B. A.
Public Papers of George Clinton. 387
•mittees* now out of which one is gone to Albany & Ticon-
^eroga have left only a large Committee of Safety here at
present.
* Resolutions to appoint a committee to proceed to Albany and concert measures with
■Genl. Schuyler for the defence of the northern frontier of this State, were read and
•^.greed to, and are in the words following, to wit:
In Committee of Safety of the State of New- York,
Fishkill, Octor. 19ih, 1776.
WHEREAS, information has been received by this committee from the Honble.
Major-Genl. Schuyler, commanding the Continental army in the northern department,
■t)f the total destruction of our fleet on Lake Champlain, and thatb it is beyond doubt
that the enemy mean to attack our army now at Ticonderoga: AND WHEREAS it is
of the utmost importance to the safety of this State, and to the general cause of
America, that the legislative authority of this State should make the most vigorous and
decisive exertions for repelling the progress of the enemy's arms, and for preserving
the lives, libertty and property of the good people of this State, from falling a sacrifice
to a tyrannical, merciless and savage enemy: AND WHEREAS the Convention of thla
State did on the 15th inst. appoint out of their body, a Committee of Safety, with full
powers to transact all such business, and exercise such authority as should more imme-
diately concern the safety of this State:
RESOLVED, That a committee be forthwith appointed to repair to the city of Albany,
In order to cooperate with Major-General Schuyler on devising and carrying into
■execution all such measures as they shall deem most effectual for repelling the invasion
of the enemy's army on the northern and western frontiers of this State, and that for
this purpose, they be invositied with full powers to call out the whole, or any part of
the militia of the counties of Tryon, Charlotte, Cumberland, Gloucester and Albany,
■to such place or places as they shall think proper and necessary.
RESOLVED, That Colo. Van Rensselaer, with the detachment of his militia now at
the house of Jno. Carpenter, in Charlotte precinct, postpone his march till such time
as he shall receive orders from the committee appointed by the Convention of the State
of New-York, for the purpose of inquiring into, detecting and defeating all conspiracies
iormed in the State of New-York against the liberties of America.
RESOLVED, That the colonels of all the regiments of militia, or in their absence, the
-next commanding officer in Ulster county be forthwith ordered to hold their regiments
in readiness with three days' provisions, to march at a moment's warning.
RESOLVED, That the officers and men of the militia so called out, shall be entitled
to Continental pay and rations during the time they are actually in service.
RESOLVED, That it be earnestly recommended to the committees of Albany, Tryon,
Gloucester, Charlotte and Cumberland, to give all possible aid to the commanding
officers of their respective militia, in calling out and equipping the said militia, and
that the said committees do carry into execution all such other meiasures as to them
shall be recommended by the committee hereafter named.
RESOLVED, That Brigr. Genl. Abm. Ten Broeck, Evert Bancker, Jacob Cuyler, John
■Bleecker, John Taylor, James Duane, Robt. R. Livingston, Robert Yates, Christopher
Yates, John Ten Broeck, Volkert Veder and Wm. Harper, Esqrs. be the committee for
'the purpose of carrying into execution the above resolutions; and that any four of
^hem with a chairman be a quorum.
388 Public Papers op George Clinton.
Since writing the above a Committee of a number of members
Dortliward are appointed to advise with Genl. Schuyler. And I
have had time to scrawl a Copy of Arnold's Letter.
I am affectionately,
John McKesson.
Genl. Clinton.
[No. 209.]
James Jackson to George Clinton, a Dunning Letter.
New Windsor October ye 21st 1776.
Dear Sir,
I Received your Letter dated the 14th of this Instant, And
agreable to you Directions I have done my endevour To Purchace
what Staves I could and got Mr. Syckels to work Them up, and
I have likewise purchased twenty five Hundred bushels of wheat
on your acc't. And agreable To the orders I brought up with
me I promised them Payment in a short time, which the time is-
now up, that I sat for paying them and they are daly Coming^
down And I keep pooting them of with an Expecttation Of Re-
ceiving it every Day; if your honour has not sent it As yet, I
would be for ever oblldg'd to you if you would Send it by Mr.
Dubois; if that business was Settled, I would wish to return
amediatly. I have been kept as busy as any one Could be, which
I make no doubt Mr. Dubois can Certify. I have Scowd up to
ORDERED, That a letter be written to Major-General Schuyler, inclosing him a copy
of those resolutions; and that copies of the same be immediately transmitted to the
committees of Albany, Tiyon, Gloucester, Cumberland and Charlotte, and to Robert R.
Livingston, Esq. who is earnestly requested to proceed to Albany, and to give notice to
the other genUemen above mentioned of their appointment.
Public Papers op George Clinton. 389
the Mill Two Thousand bushels and I hope to get the remainder
Up in a day or Two. I Recived of Doctor Tappen's Wife £60 10 8
on acct. of wheat, and it was your desire that Mr. Dubois and my
self should Purchase to 10,000 Bush's, Provided the Mill could
grind it, and I have asked Mr. Harris concarning that and he tels
me he cant grind more Than 5000 Bushels before the river
Freeses up. These from yonr Sencer friend,
James Jackson, Jun'r.
£To Gen. Geo. Clinton.]
[No. 210.]
'George Clinton Orders Lieutenant-Colonel Tupper to Send Down
Boats to Kingshridge.
D'r Sir,
As it is impossible to get Teems to remove the Flour & Stores
from this Place in Season, I think if there should be no extraor-
dinary Movements of the Enemy's shipping in the River, so as
to render the Navigation unsafe between this & Tarry Town,
or where you lay, it woud be prudent and necessary that you
send your Boats down here Tomorrow Morning for a second
Load, & I coud wish you woud also order down such Sloops &
Boats as went up with Commissarys stores & such other Boats
as can be collected along shore between this & where you lay.
I am sure this will be greatly serving the public. I am your
Most Obed't Serv't,
Geo. Clinton.
Kings Bridge 21st Octob'r 1776.
To Colo. Tupper commanding the Whale Boats near Dobbs
Ferry.
390 Public Papers of George Clinton.
[No. 211.] ,
Lieutenant-Colonel Tupper Reports Difficulties in the Way of Eos^
ecuting Orders.
Dobs Ferry Oct'r ye 22nd
A. D. 1776.
Sir,
I Rec'd yours last Evening, and shall exart my self in helping-
forward the Transportation of Provision &e., but find the Whail
Boats so Crazey that they wont answer, I have landed all the
Flour here as we are about to throw up a Brestwork here per-
haps it may be more secure. But if it is more advantagious to-
Land it Higher I shall be all attention. I shall remove my
Whail Boats about 2 miles further up that the Guard may be
advane'd of the stores. The Malitia keep a guard here. I have
only one Team to bring up stores from the River. General
Linkon said he would send more today which I hope wont faiL
I am sir your very Humble Serv't,
Benj. Tupper Lt. Oolo.
(Gen. George Clinton.)
[No. 212.]
George Clinton Reports His Intention of Falling Back on Do66s-
Ferry to Protect Stores.
(Oct. 23, 1776.)
Having executed my Orders respecting the Removal of the
Public Stores from this Place I intend marching my Brigade this^
Evening to Dohbs' Ferry in order to protect a large Quantity of
Flour I have sent there. Genl. Nixon is able to inform you what
Quantity of Stores are yet at this Place & the Methods proposed
for removing them. I am with the highest Esteem, Your Most
Obed't Serv't,
G. C.
King's Bridge 23d October 1776.
Public Papers of George Clinton. S9t
[No. 213.]
Successful Crusades against Tories.
Fishkills, 23d Oct. 1776.
D'r Sir,
We are not at a Loss to apoligise for the Reception of so few
Letters from the army, at this critical conjunction, But at the
same time shall Be Exceeding Happy to hear from that Quarter
as often as your more Important business will admit.
We have nothing new from the northward, Except, a pirty
(pretty) general Expectation of an attack. The Northern Militia
is call'd and some already march'd.
A Report is circulating hear that 3 tories is sentanced to be
hanged at your camp, which if True, will I believe strike a panick
on some of our sniviling tories here, of which we are swarming.
Had 96 conflnd in the gallery of the church in this town Last
night and to night, 75 of which is going of in to New England in
the morning.
I have wrote to our Lower Rider, Reminding Him, of not failing
to call at your Head Quarters Every Day.
I have the Honnour to be
Sir, your Most obed't Humble Serv't.
Wm. Allison.
Genrl. George Clinton.
CONCENTRATING AT WHITE PLAINS.*
The Enemy Advancing and Our Army Drawn Up to Receive Them.
White Plains, 24th October, 2 P. M. 1776.
My Dear Sir — I received your letter of yesterday a few min-
utes since, and was just preparing to answer it when a messen-
ger arrived from towards New-Rochelle to acquaint us that
early this morning the enemy had struck their tents and were
♦ From the Journal of tlie Proceedings of the New York Provincial Congress.
392 Public Papers of George Clinton.
advancing from that to this place aloTig the common road.
Every general officer, myself excepted, were out reconnoitering.
I having arrived here last night, where I was left to remove the
public stores, was only left at home. Two other expresses since
arrived and confirmed the account of the enemy's advancing, and
our army is now drawn up in order to receive them. The Gen-
eral having come in, gives me so much leisure as to acquaint
you of the above. As to every other circumstance which has
occurred since my last, Colo. De Witt and the other gentlemen
of your committee will be able to inform you. I have only time
to add that I earnestly wish to see them, and that
I am, most affectionately yours,
Geo. Clinton.
P. S. Pray let Mrs. Clinton know I am well, and that she need
not be uneasy about me. It would be too much honour to die in
so good a cause. Pray excuse me to Mr. Allison for not answer-
ing his two letters.
To John McKesson, Esqr. I
[No. 214.]
Charles De Witt Anxious Over the Barracks at Eingshridge.
D'r Sir,
By Missing you in our return from General Scott's, we lost the
oppertunity to get the paper from you, which you mentioned at
the Bridge. I think it contained a list of the Officers of your
Brother's Regiment, which I begg you will send by the Rider,
to Fishkill. We shall call at the Fort in our return.
I wish, Sir, you would speak to General Washington about send-
ing some Troops back to the Bridge, in order to save if possible
the Barracks from being destroyd by the Enemy. I do not know
Public Papers of George Clinton. 393
where we shall get a Quantity of Boards sufiScient for the army
if we should loose those at the Bridge. I have been anxiously
concerned about them ever since the Troops were ordered from
that post here, and as the Enemy seem to give over the Design of
surrounding our army it may be safe enough perhaps to spare
some that way. I hope you will excuse me for suggesting a
matter which may seem rather presumptius as the Prudence of the
Generals will direct every necessary measure. I am
S'r Your Most Obe'd Serv't.
Ch. D Witt.
Oct. 25, 1776 at ]\Jr. Young's, near White Plains.
(Gen. George Clinton.)
[No. 215.]
John McKesson Questions the Wisdom of the Position of the Ameri-
can Army at White Plains.
Fishkill— Sunday night Late, Oct'r 27th.
(1776.)
My very dear Sir,
I acknowledge the rec't of yours of yesterday & the day pre-
ceeding, and have also heard you was well Sc active yesterday
afternoon. These two Letters contain all the material written
Information rec'd here in some days.
Your last has made me very anxious Sc uneasy, tho' I cant per-
ceive it affects the members in the same way, nor have I to them
fully explained miy apprehensions. I cannot think the White
Plains an advantageous situation. And should you be obliged
to retreat from thence in the time of action, you must retreat to
great disadvantage from^ the Ground alone. It appears to me
that the post taken by the Enemy on Fryday night is between
394 Public Papers of George Clinton.
you & your late works & Barracks, that they may extend their
army from thence to Hudsons Kiver, or be joined by a party
from the shipping without a possibility of your preventing it, or
circumscribing them, And that your small Garrisons towards &
below the Bridge already are, or principally must be lost. What
is become of all the Artillery south of the plains, can it be pre-
served? We hear 5 large sail have passed up Hudsons River
opposite to the Enemy's present Camp. The news of events big
with the Fate of the American Empire must soon reach us. May
God give you health, strength, spirits & Laurels, and Cover your
Head in the day of Battle.
I am your affectionate,
John McKesson.
General Clinton.
Mrs. Godwin, formerly Caty Bant begs the favour of having her
Letters to her husband under Cover to you.
[No. 216.]
Colonel Morris Graham Put in Arrest.
Camp near White Plains 29th October 1776.
Sir,
In Consequence of the Infamous Charge exhibited last Night
(in your Excellency's Presence) by Colo. Reed against Colo.
Graham of my Brigade I have arrested him; of which I think it
my Duty to give your Excellency this Early Notice that he may
be brought to Tryal as soon as you may think proper to direct. I
am with the highest Respect your
Most Obed't Serv't,
Geo. Clinton.
To his Excellency Genl. Washington.
Public Papers of George Clinton. 395
[No. 217.]
MILITARY OPERATIONS IN THE NORTH.
John McKesson Further Develops His Plan of Campaign,
Fishkill,— Oct'r 30th Wednesday Night.
(1776.)
Dear General,
By a Letter of Mat. Vischer of Albany to Mr. Yates rec'd this
Evening, we are informed in substance; that by one of the scouts
returned from Crown Point they are advised that the Enemy are
erecting some works there, And have there 1,200 Tents and ab't
1000 Indians & Canadians — That our northern army is in high
•spirits — That the Militia gone Northward are at Lake George,
Fort Edward & Skeenborough, at which last is Genl. Abraham
Ten Broeck. No Intelligence from the west of Albany.
I gratefully acknowledge your favour of yesterday, I published
the two ifirst pages, & shall consider the third.
Major Strang, arrived here this Evening, has given us all the
Information in his power of the action on the 28th & the present
situation of both armies. The Enemy have gained so much west-
ing and northing by the late stretches, that you cannot prevent
their Extending to Hudsons River, and agreable to my former
conjectures mentioned in my Letter, cut off your Communication
■with Mount Washington.
From Major Strang's observation. Lord Stirling's present
Oround near or westward of Young's House is not the most ad-
vantageous. From the description of the Face of the Country
^iven by Major Strang and some of the Members of Convention,
Bald Hill near Davis's 1 & an ^ or 2 miles northwest of Young's,
•should be immediately occupied — from thence is a curve Chain of
-Hills tending north East or rather No. N. E. & afterwards E. N.
'396 Public Papers of George Clinton.
E, thro' which is only one materal narrow pass on the Road!
which Leads No. from Young's. From Bald Hill to Hudsons
River near Philipse's upper mills, is pretty High ground a little
more than a mile; and from Bald Hill is a Chain of Hills or high
Ground running So. W. on the west side of Brunsons or Saw Mill
River.
If the Enemy could be confined within the Hills west of Saw
mill River it would keep open your Communication with Tarry"
Town &ca. & keep them at a Distance from Hudsons River; the
swamp's Hollows and low Grounds along Saw mill River & at the
foot of those Hills would greatly aid the Troops possessing the
Heighths East of them; perhaps those Hills would require more
Troops than could be safely sent there. From every account
Bald hill should be examined by some General Officer, that if im-
portant it be secured. The passes north of you are of infinite Im-
portance. Every furlong of Northing gained by the Enemy is
an Injury; their tending Eastward, while out flanked, of little
Importance to them; and a very moderate Force could al ways-
prevent their forceing Northward thro' the Country about Rye
Pond.
Some chosen Riflemen constantly employed to watch the
Enemy's Horse, and separate them from their more brutal Riders,,
might rid you of some neighbors, which may otherwise committ
Tresspasses vi et armis.
Stop — my military notions can't aid you. I wish they may
not do injury by consuming 3- our time to read them. Most of
them however were begotten by other persons. Mat: DuBois was-
here when I rec'd your Letter this Evening. I sent an Extract
of it to Mrs. Clinton & wrote to her which she has rec'd e'er this.
Public Papers op George Clinton. 397
Mr. DuBois says all is well at Windsor, Mrs. Clinton in better
JEealth than usual.
Adieu most affectionately,
John McKesson.
•Oeneral Clinton.
30 Oct'r.
Mr. Duer very impatient this Evening, & a stranger to the coun-
try about you, endeavoured to collect such Information of the
situation of the army & the country about you, as would enable
"him to write an important Letter to head Quarters.
I tho't his impatience long prevented his apprehending Intelli-
gence & descriptions very explicitly communicated. The fruit of
iiis Enquiries will be found in his Letter of this evening to Tilgh-
man — perhaps if you See it, you may be instructed to save the
^tate.
[No. 218.].
Difficulties in the Way of Providing for the Sick.
Oct'r 30 1776.
Sir,
I have hardly had It in my Power to do my own Business since
I have been here. The Houses Captain Taller engaged were by
no means sufficient for the Purpose, having been in a great mea-
sure occupied by the Families that removed from below, the
C!onsequeiice of which is that my patients lay at a great distance
from each other, I believe not much short of seven miles. And
I could only be punctual in attending those who are worst, calling
to see the invalids &c. occasionally. There are several of them
that I am confident, will be unfit for service this compaign; they
press me for Furloughs or discharges. But this as 'tis out of my
power I have refused, except in the Case of Garret Winnegar
whose situation was so peculiar & critical, that I make no doubt
398 Public Papers of George Clinton.
you will excuse me when I have the plea.sure of seeing & ac-
quainting you particularly with it.
At those Houses where I found the sick there had been an
agreement entered into by those that left them, that they should
receive a dollar p'r week for each. I cannot help' thinking it
reasonable, at any Rate twas not in my Power to procure them
provisions &c. I should be extremely obliged to you if you will
send an officer to assist in procuring accommodations for &
transporting the sick. The Teams this way are I believe all
engaged, & I should meet with great difficulty in getting them.
Some of the sick in their present situation are too near the En-
emy, but alone as I am, I cannot take the whole charge upon me
of remedying it, their Numbers is I immagine greater than you
suspect. At this moment I cannot tell where I could procure
a Team to carry off the Med'e &c. should any thing extraordinary
happen. You may depend upon my exerting myself. But I hope
you will consider my situation & send some Person to assist me.
With the most sincere wishes for your Health &c. I conclude my-
self,
Your Very Hbl. Serv't,
Jno. Coats.
I am destitute of Cash even to pay my own Bill having ex-
pended what I brought from home. And none falling to my
share since I have been in Camp.
Brigadier General Clinton at White Plains.
[No. 219.]
Troubles of a Quartermaster.
S'r,
I have not had Opportunity to apologize for not fulfiling my
agreement in respect to ye Division of the Tents. I gave Order
Public Papers of George Clinton. 399
for the drawing all the Tents in Store & to divide the(m) between
tlie three Brigades according to the Numbe'r of men in tlie Bri-
gades ; on Wednesday I was ordered to Horseneck by the General
& before my Return had Orders to repair to this Post & that I
should there find this Part of my Brigade; Genl. Heath then
ordered me to draw all the Tents in Store & to- use them for
covering the men here; I mention'd the Agreement made with
you he said the Tents were sent for from Fish Kill & would
probably be at the Plains in season for your Brigade & 'twould
save much Trouble by my using those Tents for these men. As
I do not know you have any Knowledge of the Reason why the
Tents were all taken I tho't it incumbent on me to give you this
Information lest you should think I had not dealt honorably
with you. I apprehended a Deserter from Col. Swartout's Regt.
last Night & committed him to my Guard who have negligently
suffered him to escape.
I am S'r y'r h'e Serv't,
Sam'l H. Parsons.
Camp N. Castle Oct'r 30th 1776.
(Gen. George Clinton.)
DISCOMFORTS OF WAR.
George Clinton Predicts More Deaths From Disease than From
Fighting — Disclaims Knowledge of the Refined Art of War.
Camp near White Plains, October 31, 1776.*
Dear Sir — We are exactly in the same situation in which we
were when I wrote you yesterday. The enemy seem still to be
endeavouring to outflank us, especially our right wing. Our ad-
*From the Journal of the Proceedings of the New York Provincial Congress.
400 Public Papers of George Clinton.
vanced guards, I hear, are a little south of Young's Tavern, on
the road leading to White Plains. Where the main body is, I
can not say,, as I am so closely confined to my post on the left
of the whole as not to have been quarter of a mile west from
this for four days past.
Near 3000 of the enemy yesterday and the evening before, filed
off to the left and were seen advancing towards Kings street
and the purchase road, from which it appears they intend to
outfiank our left as well as right wing. We had reason to ap-
prehend an attack last night, or by day-break this morning, (as
was said, what they were I know not.) Our lines were manned
all night in consequence of this, and a most horrid night it was
to lie in cold trenches. Uncovered as we are, drawn on fatigue,
making redoubts, flashes, abatis and lines, and retreating from
them and the little temporary huts made for our comfort be-
fore they are well finished, I fear will ultimately destroy our
army withont fighting. This I am sure of, that I am likely to
lose more in my brigade by sickness occasioned by extra fatigue
and want of covering, than in the course of an active campaign
is ordinarily lost in the most severe actions. However, I would
not be understood to condemn measures; they may be right for
aught I know. I do not understand much of the refined art
of war. It is said to consist of stratagem and deception. This,
nevertheless, is too obvious, the enemy are daily increasing their
army by new recruits in those parts of the country which they
have already acquired, whilst ours are daily decreasing by sick-
ness, deaths and desertions: Add to this, one month more dis-
bands a very considerable part of our army. How a uew one
will be recruited, God only knows. This I know, many are dis-
gusted with the service; those will not re-enter, and what is
Public Papers op George Clinton. 401
worse, will prevent others by representing, on their return home,
the hardships they have endured. So much for military politics.
1 write this in confidence: if what I have said be true, and the
evils which I fear prevented in any degree by the Honourable
Body in which you sit, it is devoutly to be wished.
When I wrote you a few days ago, I mentioned the situation
in which Fort Washington was, and that three of the enemy's
shipping had come up with design to obstruct Beaurdett's
ferry, and were, after a heavy cannonade, driven back. This
was the truth, but not the whole truth. I happened to be out
of the way of news that day. Those ships came up, it seems,
to enfilade our lines below that fort, whilst Lord Piercy attacked
them, which he did three different times, but was as often re-
pulsed by the garrison at Fort Washington, who manned and
defended them like heroes. The particulars I have not yet been
happy enough to hear more fully.
Last night Captain Townsend, with a detachment of my bri-
gade consisting of about thirty, brought in prisoner a certain
Mr. Wetworth, late of Boston, and now a commissary in the
regular service, which they took prisoner near Rye. I have only
time to add, that I am with usual health, though in no better
lodging that a soldier's tent, with our old friend Greneral Scott.
Your most affectionate humble servant,
Geo. Clinton.
Since writing the above, I am favoured with yours of the 29th.
I find you have not received my two last as yet; the first of which
I must beg you will answer, and attend to the prisoners brought
in by my boys since writing the above.
To John McKesson, Esq.
26
402 Public Papers of George Clinton.
[No. 220.] ,
THE KING'S SPEECH TO PARLIAMENT.
His Majesty Deplores the Behellious Conduct of the Colonies, Give&
Assurance of Amity from Several European Courts and Alludes
to the Great Expense of Conducting the War to the Commons.
October 31, 1776.
My Lords,
Nothing could have afforded me so much Satisfaction as to
have been able to inform you at the opening of this Session that
the Troubles which have so long distracted my Colonies in North
America were at an End & that my unhappy people, recovered
from their delusion had delivered themselves from the Oppres-
sion of their Leaders, and returned to their duty. But so daring
and Disiperate is the spirit of these Colonies whose object has-
always been Dominion & power, that they have now openly
renounced all allegiance to the Crown, and all political con-
nection with this Country. They have rejected with Circum-
stances of Indignity and Insult the means of conciliation held
out to them, under the authority of our Commission and have
presumed to set up their Rebellious confederacies for Independ-
ent States; If their Treason is suffered to take root, much mis-
chief must grow from it to the safety of my loyal Colonies to
the Commerce of my Kingdoms and indeed to the present System
of all Europe. One great advantage however will be derived
from the Object of the Rebels being openly avowed and clearly
understood we shall have unanimity at Home founded in the
general conviction of the Justice & necessity of our measures.
I am happy to inform you that by the Blessing of Divine
Providence on the good conduct and Valour of my Officers and
Porces by Sea and Land, and on the Zeal & Bravery of the
Public Papers of George Clinton. 403^
Auxiliary Troops in my Service, Canada is recovered and al-
though from unavoidable delays the Operations at New York
could not begin before the month of August the Success in that
province has been so important as to give the strongest hopes
of the most successive good consequences, but notwithstanding
this fair prospect we must at all Events prepare for another
Gampain. I continue to receive assurances of amity from the
several Courts of Europe, and am using my utmost Endeavours
to conciliate unhappy differences between two Neighbouring
powers, and I still hope that all misunderstanding maybe removed
and Europe continue to Enjoy the inestimable Blessings of peace.
I think nevertheless that in the present Situation of Affairs it
is expedient that we should be in a respectable State of defence
at Home.
Gent'n of the House of Commons,
I will order the Estamates for the Ensuing year to be laid
before you ; it is matter of Real concern to me that the important
considerations which I have directed to you must necessarily be
followed by great expence. I Doubt not however but that my
faithful Commons will reddily & cheerfully grant me, such sup-
plies aiS the maintainance of the power of my Crown, the vindi-
cation of the just rights of my parliament and the public wel-
fare shall be found to require.
Lords & Gent'n,
In this Arduous contest, I can have no other Object but to
promote the true Interest of all my Subjects. No people ever
enjoyed more happiness or lived under a milder government
than these now revolted provinces. The improvements in every
Art of which they boast, declare it; their Numbers, their wealth
404 Public Papers of George Clinton.
their strengtli by Sea & Land which they think sufficient
to enable them to make head against the able power of the mother
Country, are irrefraigable proofs of it; my desire is to restore to
them the Blessings of Law and Liberty, Equally enjoyed by every
British Subject which they have fatally & desperately Exchanged
for all the calamities of War & the Arbitrary Tyranny of their
Chiefs.
[No. 221.]
THE BIG CHAIN NEARLY READY.
John McKesson Offers a Feio Suggetiions Relative to the Fortifica-
tions in the Highlands.
Fishkill— Oct'r 31st 1776.
Dear Sir: —
Your favour of yesterday came to hand this Evening. Most of
the Members in Town, I mean Fishkill, being assembled it was
read. They are fully of your opinion as to the placing of Guns
near the Level of the Water. They agreed that Colo. D' Witt should
go to the Fortifications in the Highlands for the purpose, and have
your Letter with him. He makes no other objection to his going
but his ignorance of the Business. I believe he will go to morrow
and Wisner, Sen'r, who is here & goes to Poughkeepsie to morrow
to forward the Chain will join De Witt on Sunday at the Forts. I
have endeavoured to persuade the Committee to desire Moody to
go with them if it is not inconsistent with his parole as a prisoner;
he may see the places proper to place a few Guns, & give his
opinion to the Member who is with him.
When I came up the River to this place, I was on shore at Mont-
gomery; it appeared to me so material to have a few heavy Can-
non placed a little above the Level of the water in a small cove
under the Fort, that I spoke to some of the officers about it. I
Public Papers of George Clinton. 405
applied to the members of Convention who were sent there after-
wards as a Committee finally I urged it, it was ordered to be
done. Mr. Wisner tells me the place (which had at least 4 feet
water) is now raised at least 5 feet above the Level of the water
& too elevated.
It is proposed that Messrs. Wisner & D'Witt or whoever goes-
to the River confer with Genl. Jas Clinton on every matter they
shall propose to have done, & have him to see the places if he
can. I hope your Letter on this subject may be a means of having
some thing cheap & important done. '
We have not any news since mine of yesterday Even'g. We
have very few members present — ^only a Committee of Safety,,
And the Committee for Conspiracies, of which D'Witt is one, &
of them three is a Quorum. Mr. Jay (not very active unless in the
House) is about three miles distance, it is proposed to send for him
to attend that Committee, & Colo. D'Witt to go to the High
Lands. The Chain for the Highlands has be (been) shamefully
delayed, the Business goes better since Wisner, Sen'r, took some
share of the direction of it.
The Engineer and Officers in the Highlands will not willingly
suffer any Cannon to descend from their fortified mountains,
nay they cry out for more. Where are the spare Cannon in Jer-
sey?
The Bald Hill near Davis's is not much north but is west of
Lord Stirling's Ground near Youngs.
I have sent your letter for Mrs. Clinton rec'd this Evening to-
Windsor by Benson, set of to Commissary Curtenius.
I am your Sincere & affectionate,
John McKesson.
To the Honorable Brigadier General Clinton, camp near Millpond,.
Whiteplains.
406 Public Papers of George Clinton.
I am much pleased that Lasher is gone to Mount Washington.
In pursuance of some former directions of Genl. Mifflin, Judge
Duer is about to have Barracks erected at Peekskill & on this side
•of the High Lands. When you are stationed near Van Wyck's
here, I shall have an opportunity to visit you.
[No. 222.]
Loohing after Clothing for the Troops.
In Committee of Safety of the State of New York,
Fishkills Novem'r 2d 1776.
:Sir,
We are informed (and have reason to believe it is true) that the
Troops stand in need of Cloathing.
We have Ordered Mr. Curtenius to collect all the Cloathing
which is South of this State, and belonging to the same, to
Paramus in New Jersey. We request your information whether
it is necessary to send Cloathing four our Troops to the Army,
:at this time. If so, by what Bout, and to whose Care, and whether
for any of our Troops, but those to continue in General Service
^during the war, and if to any others how to be paid for.
We have sometime since appointed Commissioners in every dis-
trict in this State to purchase every Article Necessary to Cloath
the Soldiers, and to send them to us, they have not yet made
return, but we shall urge them to do it. .
I am with great Respect,
Sir your very Obedient Hum'e Serv't,
By Order,
Pierre Van Cortlandt, V. Pres'dt.
To General Clinton, American Army — near White Plains. \
Public Papers of George Clinton. 407
THE DEATH OF CAPTAIN VAN WYCK.
General Clinton Criticises the Disposition of Some of the Troops.
Camp, at the old place, near White Plains,*
November 2d, 1776.
My dear Sir — Your favours of the 30th and 31th ultimo, were
left at my tent a few moments since. Since my last to you,
dated the day before yesterday, the centre and right wing of our
army, having possessed themselves of the heights in their rear,
northeast of the road leading to Young's; yesterday morning evac-
uated that part of our lines which passed through the town, and
-southeast of it, and fell back on thoise heights; firing all the
t)arns, hay and corn stacks in front. This induced the enemy
to believe we had again retreated, and deteranined to take the
^advantage of our supposed flight, their army instantly moved
forward unto the part Of our lines which were evacuated. This
"brought on a pretty brisk cannonade, though at too great a dis-
tance to do much execution. I lost one man and had two
vrounded. I have heard of no other injury done us.
We are by the late movements now far advanced in front, of
course most exposed. The enemy retired to their former en-
campment in the evening leaving strong advanced pickets, and
working parties who are busily employed in erecting works on
the heights, in and near town. Deserters (especially from the
Queen's light dragoons) come daily over to us; and now and then
our rangers send in a straggling prisoner. Capt. Van Wick, of my
brigade, who at his earnest desire, (was) appointed to a company
of rangers, was day before yesterday unfortunately killed. He
went out in the morning with about 30 men; fell in with about
♦From the Journal of the Proceedings of the New York Provincial Congress.
408 Public Papers of George Clinton.
100 of the enemy in a house not far distant from their lines;
charged them with spirit; gave them a brisk fire; but unfortu-
nately when loading his piece the second time was shot in the
head, and fell dead; his lieutenant shot down the man who killed
his captain. The enemy fled ; our party brought off their captain^
and yesterday evening I had him interred with the honours of
war. He was a good man, and valiant officer. Pray communi-
cate this sad news to his widow (to whom I would write, had 1
leisure) in a manner that will least affect her.
I know of no other news worth communicating you ; though in
the camp, I am not acquainted with the disposition of our army.
Some brigades to the northeast of us, in my humble opinion are
where they can do no good; perhaps I am mistaken; I am not
well acquainted with the country. I must beg an answer to my
letter, wherein I desired you to ask a favour of the Convention.
And am, with the utmost esteem,
Yours affectionately,
Greo. Clinton.
P. S. I need not ask you to forward the enclosed, I know you
will do it. Though determined never to meddle much with the
disposition of officers, I can not help recommending Col. Duboys
and his officers, who served in our army to the northward last
year, to the Convention. Should they quit the army by any
neglect, it will be a public loss. They are brave men and good
officers, at least such of them as have joined our brigade.
Public Papers of George Clinton. 409
[No. 223.]
GEORGE CLINTON THREATENS TO RESIGN.
•John McKesson Vetoes the Proposition and Gives Sound and Com-
mendatory Reasons — Mrs. Clinton'' s Request to Witness a Battle.
Fishkill— Nov'r 3d 1776.
Dear Sir,
This acknowledges the receipt of your Favour of yesterday.
The Death of your Capt. Van Wyck is much lamented in this
precinct. It is no favour to the Enemy that your Brigade is in
front. I imagine my old Bos's small Brigade is not far from you.
I have frequently heard these two Days past that a Brigade was
at Pines Bridge (Westchester County) to Guard Baggage.
I do not know that anything will be done in the arrangem't
of Officers until that part of the Committee which is to the
northward returns; nothing has been said on that smbject to the
Committee of Safety, except the postscript to your Letter which
was read this Evening, I can only say that I never understood
that Colo. DuBois and his officers were considered by this state
as their officers in the Rank they claim, & which has been tho't
very prejudicial to others & the harmony of that part of the army
embodied in this state.
Mrs. Clinton arrived here this morning on her way to visit you
with the advise (of) Mr. Wisner, Colo. Courtlandt, Sen'r & other
Friends; I raised difficulties to the Journey; She with some re-
luctance agreed to desist finally; she has been delayed here this
day, and receiving the advices this Evening & seing persons from
■Camp, it is agreed that she proceed in the morning; Colo. D Witt
is to attend her. . The Honor & pleasure of attending Mrs. Clinton
would have fallen to me if Robt. Benson had not been absent into
Jersey by order & not yet returned. Mrs. Clinton will be supplied
410 Public Papers of George CiiiNTON.
with fresh chair Horse at Colo. Van Cortlandts, & will endeavour-
so to proceed as to be in your neighbourhood and send to you some
time on Tuesday. Mrs. Clinton is in more than Usual Health
& will proceed by the way of Pines Bridge. Two Gentlemen
who attended! her she dismissed -when she agreed to tarry this
day.
Now for the disagreable Business of answering your Letter of
the 29th ultimi. Mr, Ab'm Yates, foresaw as he tho't, that evil
might attend permitting you to resign your Command even for
an hour. The request appeared misterious; it was not, he said,,
like the man for whom the request was made, nor was it like the
Secretary who made it, to make a request without assigning good
Eeasons. He at Length suggested that he had fears the request
was made to' obtain a mode to elude the Continental articles-
against Duelling. Some members were of opinion there was na
reason for such a supposition; that it was an uncharitable sup-
position or Fear as you was one of the Congress who established
that very regulation. I delayed to mention the matter to the
Committee of Safety till yesterday when I found them at Leisure
and Consisting of your particular Friends. But as I did not
think myself at Liberty, without your Consent to assign the
true reasons of making your request I did not assign any other
than that it would greatly oblige you. Mr. Yates preferred
obliging the State; the State could not spare you from the Field;
when you could be spared from thence, you was needed in the
Cabinet. The request was too misterious to be granted. It waa
not a Time to trifle with the Life of both a statesman & a soldier.
A great majority of the Committee joined him.
They desired me to let you know that they were ready to do any
thing they should think necessary for your Interest; if it should
Public Papers of George Clinton, 411
be declared satisfactorily to them that you desired to visit your
family, or any such matter, they had no Objection to your Leave^
of Absence from the Brigade at any time and as Long yourself
being judge as you might Leave it, with safety to the State.
They would consent to any matter you should ask, consistant
with the good of the State and your own Interest, but could not
consent even to the shortest resignation of your command.
Thus stands this matter at present — if I ask again I must
assign Reasons — if I do they ought to be the true Reasons. What
you will direct, I will endeavour to do. «
What gave occasion to your request is not altogether unknown<
to me. I wish to know how Colo. Graham has fared? has
enquiry been made? teas justice done? is he honorably ac-
quitted?
No news from the northward since that lately sent you in two
different Letters. One Smith & another person (I believe of Capt.
Godwin's Comp'y, in Colo. Swartwout's Regim't) about Eight [or|
ten days since set off from here to join their Regim't; it is said'
they are returned home, and report that with their utmost
searches & Enquiry among the army they could not find where
any part of the Regiment was. My most respectful comp'ts to-
good General Scott. I am D'r Sir
yours most affectionately,
John McKesson.
Genl. Clinton.
Mr. Henry Wisner is gone this day to Montgomery to consult
with your Brother Genl. Jas. Clinton and endeavour with his aid
to have some Cannon placed near the Level of the water on the
Banks of Hudsons River.
Mr. Wisner tells me that the small cove under the Guns of
Montgomery, where I had frequently urged to place a few heavj
412 Public Papers of George Clinton.
Cannon (of more use than the fort above it') is raised by order
of some Engineer there as least six feet above the water &
much too elevated; it was by much the most usefull spot I ob-
served on the River; part of the Chain went down to the Forts
yesterday.
Mrs. Clinton has a great desire to see the Enemy routed; if
there is any action while she is near Camp she wishes to go on a
Hill & see it, if you should not be engaged in it, which she would
wish to know at the Time.
One of the Frigates at Poughkeepsie is to be Launched to mor-
row at Eight o'clock in the morning.
[No. 224.]
TROUBLES OF THE SICK.
And Impecuniosity of tlie Doctors Who Attended Them.
Nov'r 3, 1776.
;Sir,
In obedience to your Orders I inform you that I have fixed my
-Quarters at Mr. Seth Whitney's in Cortlandt's Manor. I have
liad a considerable deal of Trouble with my sick, Invalids «&c. I
believe that I have thirty at present, there are some few remain-
ing on the way yet, which I expect will be in to morrow. I have
used your name as my authority for Billeting them on the In-
Iiabitants at one dollar p'r week each. The Med'e your Baggage
■&c. is very safe.
I should be extremely obliged to you if you would send an
Officer to take them under his particular Care. And a Mate or
some Assistant, as the duty (even to a person that is loth to
♦complain) is much more than one Person can go thro & discharge
Public Papers of George Clinton. . 413
the trust that is reposed in him. I am likewise a Petitioner for
some money; whether properly I ought tOi apply to you or CoL
Dubois I am at a loss to determine. The Fact is that I have
been necessieted to borrow. If, sir, you could furnish me with a
little, I should be extremely obliged to you & am sir your most
obed't Hbl. Serv't,
John Coats.
Genl. (George) Clinton.
N. B. I am about four miles above Croton Bridge on the Road
to Peeks Kiln.
[No. 225.]
COL. GRAHAM'S CONDUCT AT WHITE PLAINS.
A Court Martial Vindicates Him of the Charge of Cowardice Pre-
ferred Against Him 'by Col. Joseph Reed, Washington's Secretary,
At a Generall Court martiall held by Order of his Excellency,
Generall Washington, Near the White Plains, For the Tryall of
such Prisoners As shall be Brought before them Nov'r 2d 1776,
Brigadeer Genl. McDugall President.
Coll. Baldwin Capt. Coal
Lievt. Coll. Wysenfeldts Capt. Warner
Major Sherman Capt. Lee
Capt. Cogswill Capt. Hall
Capt. Bolstor Capt. Petton
Capt. Crooker Capt. Fennen
Capt. Knap
Capt. Andrew Peters, Judge Advocate for s'd Court.
The Court proceeded to the Tryall of Coll. Morris Graham,
who was on the 28th, of October* Last, Posted with his Regi-
* Battle of White Plains.
414 Public Papers of George Clinton.
ment more than Once behind stone fences but Retreated from
Each with out firing a Gun. The same was Done by the Other
Parties and when Called upon They alledged Coll. Firman's
tDrders and [ ] To the Adjut. Generall, (Reed), Saw him Endeavor-
ing To Keep The Different Parties up to their post. The s'd
Coll. Graham, being asked whether Guilty Or not Guilty of the
charge alledgd against him, plead " not Guilty."
Coll. Reed, being sworn says, that he posted Coll. Graham
with his Regiment on the 28th of October behind a stone fence,
To Good advantage and that he Retreated without firing on the
Enemy As They Advanced towards him.
Coll. Firman being sworn says Coll. Graham was Retreating
and he Asked him The Reason of it. Colli Graham Alledged
Coll. Read's Orders for it; he farther says that Coll. Graham
Retreated from One Post where he was placed without any
■Orders from him the said Coll. Firman, but after he saw the
men in Great Confusion he thinks he Told Coll. Graham he
might Retreat.
The Court Adjourned till ten O'clock^ To morow.
Nov'r 3d. The Court mett by adjournment.
Capt. Teller being sworn says, that when they Retreated from
the stone fence where they was first Properly posted, he Took
it, that They had Colo. Firman's Orders but did not hear it And
that he saw no signs of fear in Coll. Graham, & that while The
Officers Intreated him To Retire, that he begged of them to keep
their places and he would go and get Coll. Firman's Orders.
Adjutant Hopkins being sworn, says he did not know of their
Being Posted by order at but two fences, and he did not know
any Order for Retreating from the first, but from the Last he
liard Coll. Firman Order Them To Retreat.
Public Papers of George Clinton. 415
Lieut. Belts being swoirn says, he heard Coll. Firman Order,
Ooll. Graham To Eetreat from the 1st stone fence they where
.posted at, and in Other matters Agrees with Adjutant Hopkins.
Sergt. McNeall being sworn says, he Did not hear Coll. Fir-
man's Order for Retreating from the first stone fence where they
where posted but that Coll Graham Did not appear to (be)
frighted.
George Stover being sworn says, that he heard Coll. Firman
Order Coll. Graham To Retreat from the 1st fence the were
posted at.
Ellias Wickam being sworn says, he heard Orders for Retreat-
ing from the 1st fence They were posted at, and supposed it to
1>e Coll. Firman that Gave the Orders.
The Court not being Able To Obtain a vote Determined to re-
examine the Evidences and witnesses and Then adjourned Till
■to morrow morning ten o'clock.
N'r (November) 4. The Court mett according to Adjournment
& proceed(ed) to reexamine such witnesses as th' found neces-
sary.
Coll. Read, being reaxamined says, that he posted Coll. Gra-
ham's Regiment at two Different places, and that the Last post
"was in Or near the Ridge of the hill, and he thinks nearly in a
Line of a stone house.
Coll. Firman being reaximned says, that Coll. Graham was
Posted at Three Different Places after the (regiment) was taken
Irom the Open field.
Ebenesor Woodward being sworn says, that Coll. Read Or-
-^erd Coll. Graham's Regim't from an open field to a fence by a
"Corn fieeld and when they Came there, that Coll. Read said, he
thought that fence not Sufficient and thought they had better
Retreat to the next fence Across the Cornfield, which they did^
416 Public Papers op George Clinton.
and tliat he heard Coll. Firman Order Coll. Graham to Retreat
from the Last mentioned fence; that he did not know of their
being Posted but twice, and who gave Orders to' Retreat from
the Last Post he could not tell; And being Asked, whether he
saw any signs of Fear in Coll. Graham, answered in the Nega-
tieve; farther says that he repeatially heard Coll. Graham urge
his officers & men to keep their Order and stand their Ground.
William Stevens being sworn agrees axactly with Ebenesor
Woodwood.
Joell Washburn being sworn says, he heard Coll. Firman order-
Coll. Graham to Retreat from the Last post they were placed at.
By the hay Barrack, and that he Repeatially heard Coll. Graham
Call on his men and keep their Ground and Remember what they
where fiting for.
The Court find from the Generall Stream of the Evidences,-
that while some of Coll.. Graham's Oflicers where urging him to
Retreat he was active in stimulating his Officers and men to Do
their Duty and did not Retreat without Orders; the Court De-
tirmine that he is not Guilty of the Charge Alledged against:
him.
[No. 226.]
Henry Wisner Suggests Points to Fortify.
Fort Montgomery November 4th 1776.
D'r Sir,
I arived here Last Eavning, have Gunsulted your Brother on
the Buis, I Came on.
I viewed several places yesterday near fort Constitution. I
find several very advantagious spots near y't place and 2 on
Conshook Island one at each 2 spots near the place where-
Public Papers of George Clinton. 417
the Chain is to Be fixt one on each end of Salsbery Island
— one near Red hook and I Beleive one at the Stoney point. I
would Be glad of your advise on that place. My principal views
at that place is to defend the navigation of the River at that
place which would ad greatly to the advantage of our armie.
I wish you would write to our Convention; desire them to
send down the Cannon at Salsbery furness if any; I wish we
Could have one or two 18 pounders or larger, to place at the
Stoney poynt if you think it Best to take notice of that place.
I wish you would write to your Brother and urge your sente-
ments, I should prefer verplanks point to Stoney poynt But am
afraid that our troops would Be in danger of Being Cut of By
Being surrounded By the Enemie on the Rear. I am, Sir, your
Humble Servant,
Henry Wisner.
Brigadier General George Clinton,
near the Millpond, or wherever he may be found.
[No. 227.]
An Erroneous Report that France had Declared War Against Eng-
land.
Fishkill,— Nov'r 5th 1776.
Dear Sir,
We are informed by Mr. Wickes of Long Island but lately from
Connecticut, that the Enemy have collected great Quantities of
Hay down on Long Island and put it on Board of their vessels
at the Narrows.
Mr. R. R. Livingston this Evening returned from Albany,
informs that his Brother John, Returned from Boston that a
master of a vessel from a French Island in the West Indies, re-
ported at Boston that Prance had declared war against Britain,
27
418 Public Papers of George Clinton.
and that he had heard the Declaration (j>f war pro claimed in that
Island before he left it. Mr. R. R. Livingston does not know at
what Island this was said to have happened. I fear it is prema-
ture. A certain Logan, a continental agent, at Philadelphia, is
ordered to Collect and Barrell all the Beef he can procure^ — from
this some of our politicians form Conjectures favourable to the
Continent.
The Committee of Convention at Albany rec'd a Letter from
Genl. Schuyler of the 29th Ultimi. No news from the north-
ward, all well there — the militia are at each end of Lake George
and at Skeensburgh.* The alarms at Albany from the west-
ward were without much foundation. The Committee of Con-
vention sent out an Intelligencer, who obtained full and per-
fect Intelligence. Some few Troops & a party of Militia bro't
in the Leaders of sedition and rebellion in that Quarter. All is
now quiet and Mr. Livingston says the Committee of Convention
are not under of any apprehension of immediate Danger from
thence.
Nov'r 7th as early as 2 o'Clock.
I am now awake & feel perfectly fresh — in a noding sleepy
state. I have been two hours making the enclosed Copies of a
Letter with the papers therein enclosed this day rec'd from
General Schuyler. Some other unimportant northern Intelli-
gence in a Letter to Mr. Ab. Yates, shall be in my next.
I acknowledge the rec't of yours of the 5th it arrived late in
tlie Evening of this night. Our whole Intelligence from Camp
has left every one in a state of uncertainty. Should the enemy
have proceeded to New York the Garrison at (Fort) Washington
will probably fall a sacrifice — it is an important post — we cannot
well spare it. Should they divide their army to pass east &
•The present WhItehalL
Public Papers of George Clinton. 419
west of you — the Bald Hill near Davis's west of you will be
iisefull to be occupied by our army — and they should be pre-
vented from geting into the good Roads back of the manor of
Oourtlandt leading up to Quaker Hill.
Mr. Duer has a number of Carpenters & a great Bustle here
^bout Building Barracks in the mouth of the High Lands three
miles from Hence for two thousand men. However he has got
Egbert Benson & Melanton Smith, two honest fellows, as over-
seers but they have not half enough of the Devil in them for
that Buisiness. I don't see the Humour of lodging 2000 men
this side of the High Lands. Two sides of each Barrack are to
Ibe mudwalls. Your Family were well this morning (as Mr. Du-
iDois tells me) except Mrs. Blau & her son.
My best respects wait on General Scott.
I am. Dear Sir, yours most sincerely,
John McKesson.
General Clinton.
P. S. King & Bogardus of Capt. Godwin's Company have prom-
ised to join their Company with Bunschoten who calld on and
now waits for them.
From six this Evening till very late we have seen in South
East the Light of a great Fire. I have been told it was seen
at four o'clock — we conjecture it about Rye.
[No. 228.]
Strengthening the Works in the Highlands.
Fishkill Saturday night 9th Nov'r 1776.
D'r Sir,
I enclose you Copies of Genl. Schuyler's & Mat. Vischer's
X,etters* rec'd by the Albany Rider this Evening. I am sorry
♦These two letters not found.
420 Public Papers of George Clinton;
it was not in my Power to send them by the Rider sent of witb
a Letter from Schuyler to Washington.
A Certain Capt. Henry Godwin in Colo. Swartwout's Regim't
is desirous of a Continental Commission. Can he be recom-
mended as a brave, active, cool, vigilant officer of few words-
and many Deeds.
I am respectfully your
John McKesson.
General Clinton
near White plains.
P. S. It appears by Tilghman's Letter of yesterday, that 3000
men are ordered to the High Lands to be rady to strengthen
the Garrisons of the Forts, and that a proportion of the army
will be thrown into Jersey if necessary. As you are under
marching orders advise me when & where you go.
[No. 229.]
John McKesson Advances a Loan to General Clinton.
Saturday night Nov'r 9th 1776.
D'r Sir,
Colo. D'Witt told me yesterday that he was to have borrowed
of the Treasury 600 or 700 £ for Mrs. Clinton — that on Examina-
tion he found the Treasury could not bear it.
He desired me to inform you that I could lend her between 4
& 500 £ now, and the Residue in a Day or two when I can get
orders on the Treasury or Committee of Conspircies for money
lent them. Mr. D'Witt promised to take the first mentioned
sum to Mrs. Clinton this Afternoon, but by some mistake is gone
over without it. However it is ready & you can give your orders
accordingly.
Public Papers of George Clinton. 421
One Condition attends this Loan, that it be repaid in Conti-
nental money (and not the Bills of credit of any particular State).
It is now in Continental money, not my own a great part of it —
and to be replaced to the owners in like kind — as they live out
.of this State in Connectiout & East Jersey.
I am D'r Sir,
Yours affectionately,
John McKesson.
Oeneral Clinton
Whiteplains.
[No. 230.]
Mary Tap pen Thinks Her Aunt Clinton a Coward.
Kingston November 10th 1776.
Dear Uncle,
I'm almost the only one in the family that is capable of in-
iorming you of the situation of it. During the late melancholly
accident in taking out the furniture, Dady (Daddy) received an
additional Cold which brought on a fever more malignant then
is commonly the case with Intermetting ones, which only con-
tine the Patient to the P>ed during the Days of the Paraxism,
but thank God he is now in a great measure of recovring & at
present is neither well nor ill bnt unwell.
I wish Uncle would write him to take special care of himself;
v\^e cant keep him in the house; mamma is as well as can be
expected. 'Mr. Addison set out last Sunday with aunt Clinton
for the Camp, but were terrified almost out of their wits at fish
Kill; I think they are both Cowards. Mrs. Van Gasbeck died
liere about 10 o'Clock last night.
422 Public Papers of George Clinton.
O Uncle how much I'm distressed when I think on the Setua-
tion of this Country. Do you think we are in great Danger
here this winter ; we have the news here that the Court of France-
has proclaimed war against Britain. Heaven confirm it. What
is the situation of both Armies at present? if amidst the din
of arms and the demands of a Camp you have time to Drop me
a few lines It will be very agreeable.
From yours affectionately,
Mary Tappen.
(Gen. George Clinton.)
[No. 231.]
Looking Toward the First Constitution of the State of New York..
In Committee of Safety for the State of New York — Fishkill
November 12th 1776.
KESOLVED that notice be forthwith given to the Countj^
Committees of each respective County in this State^ (not in pos-
session of the Enemy) that the Convention are now proceeding
on the Business of framing a system of Government, and that
it is necessary that the members give their attendance without
Delay.
EE SOLVED that a Copy of the preceding Resolution be entered
by the Secretary to the Convention and sent to the Chairman of
Each of the said County Committees.
RESOLVED that the like notice be given by the Secretary to
the Members of New York Suffolk Queens and Kings Counties
who are not in the power of the Enemy.
Extract from the Minutes.
John McKesson, Secry.
Public Papers of George Clinton. 423
'" [No. 232.]
George Clinton Furnishes a List of Honor.
Peek's Kill 14th Nov'r 1776.
D'r Sir,
Agreable to Promise I now inclose you a List of the Officers of
Colo. DuBois Eiegiment who served under my Bi other last year's
Campaign before Quebec & most of them this Summer in my
Brigade. Those marked thus x have actually served under me &
I can with great Justice recommend them to the Convention as
active brave Officers.
I imagine shoud Colo. Du Bois' Regiment be continued it woud
be most agreable to them to retain their present Appointments,
if not it woud be a public Loss to leave them out of the Service
& in my Opinion it woud be great Injustice to such of them as
wish to continue in it. You have also a List of such of his Officers
as were not in the Service to the Northward last year but have
for some Time past served under me with Propriety & been useful
Officers. I cant with Justice omit recommending my Brigade
Major, Pawling, in a special manner as a most useful, active,
brave Officer, well deserving the Rank he now sustains in the
Army.
The Charecter you have heard of Him from some of our General
Officers, especially of the Major Genl. of the Division, in which I
have served during the whole Campaign, & whose Certificate
in his Favour I now inclose you, will induce you to agree with
me that if he can consistently, he ought to be provided for in
such manner as will induce him to continue in the Service. I
have many other brave Officers in my Brigade who have much
Merrit & I doubt not but woud be willing to continue in the Ser-
vice of the Country in the Military Line, but as they have not
424 Public Papers of George Clinton.
been in the Continental Service before, 1 have omitted mention-
ing their Names; as I have been informed the Convention means
first, to provide for such as has, in which Case there woud not be
Eoom left for them in the four Eegim'ts to be raised in this State.
I am
Yours Sincerely,
Geo. Clinton.
To Wm. Duer Esq'r.
A List of the Officers of Colo. Duboys's Kegiment & who served
last Campaign in Canada.
xLt. Collo. Jacobus S. Bruyn xCapt. Charles Graham
xCapt. Elias Van Bunschoten xLieut. Henry Dodge
Capt. Thomas De Witt xLieut. Henry Vandeburgh
xCapt. Cornelius T. Jansen xLieut. Nathan'l Conklin
xCapt. James Gregg Lieut. Evans Wherry
xCapt. Albert Pawling xEnsign Sam'l English
xJohn Coats Surgeon
A List of Colo. Duboys's Officers who did not Serve in Canada
but served in his Eegiment during this Campaign.
Lieut. Thomas Brinkley
Lieut. John Furman
Lieut. John Burnet
[No. 233.]
A Few Inside Disclosures Affecting the Drmighting of Our First
Constitution.
Fishkill November 15th 1776.
D'r Sir,
Several Days have intervened since my two last. I sent you
this morning, (and now enclose another), Copy of a Resolution
Public Papers of George Clinton. 425
of the Committee of Safety '' That the Convention are now pro-
ceeding On the Business of Framing a system of Government."
On the 12th or 13th I enclosed a Copy to Genl. Scott; it was
the only Copy I had then by me, having sent off several in manu-
script. I have been told in the Committee of Safety, General
Scott received that Copy in your presence and no Copy for you
attended it &ca.
I cant imagine you could conceive I would designedly have
neglected you, either from Insolence or sinister motives; my
Friends in Comimittee om this Occasion know the Contrary. I
knew you did not march with your Brigade, and did not expect
you was arrived at Peekskill and had I known it, I had not a
copy ready to send by that Conveyance.
On the morning of the 13th I expected matters were in such a
Train that the Eesolution of Committee that the Convention
(which has not sat for near a Fortnight) was proceeding to frame
a system of Governm't would have been suppressed. But the
Committee after many words let it remain & be issued. The
argum'ts for it in Committee, were that the Members of Dutches
were elected only for six months, have been steady, done great
service to the public, their power expires in three weeks, shall
they loose their vote in framing a Governm't or trust to a reelec-
tion of the people, when arts may be used to turn them out, &
the more especially, as the Freeholders of the County are now in
the Lines & 'fighting the Battles !of the Convention. That the
officers in the army who are Members had made their Election,
they were not obliged to take the Field, they could have refused ;
at that time they must have expected that Governm't would long
since have been formed, and therefore could not have Expected
to be present.
426 Public Papers of George Clinton.
If their presence is necessary it may be, had when the form of
Governm't is bro't into a Committee of the whole House, or at
least when afterwards reported to the House the General on their
application will permit them to attend. The Convention can re-
quest it of the General. The committee were call'd on for Justice
to the Freeholders of Dutchess, and in the names of those Heroes
of the County now in the army to do their justice & put it in the
power of their Deputies to assist in forming a Government.
I have been informed that a Eeason assigned by one Member
to another out of Doors, for framing a Governm't at this juncture
was, that people had not Time to think or Criticize; they woud
greedily accept such form of Governm't as might be proposed.
That in winter & more Leisure many more difficulties & of course
delays might arise. This however sub Kosa,
Oblige me by directing your Brigade Major to forward the
Enclosed
I am D'r Sir yours Affectionately,
John McKesson.
General (George) Clinton.
[No. 234.]
The General is Requested to Recommend Names for Subaltern
Officers.
Dear Sir,
I am desired by the Committee of Arrangement to acquaint you
that there will be Eight Vacancies for 2d Lieutenants on the new
Arrangement.
As they are anxious to provide for as many of the Officers of
your Brigade as they possibly can, they would be glad to have
your Recommendation of Eight of your best Officers of or above
the Rank of 2 Lieutenants who are willing tO' accept of Commis-
sions of the Rank of 2d Lieutenants on the Establishment.
Public Papers of G-borge Clinton. 427
The Committee further wish that you will consult with such
Military Officers of this State as you shall think proper to enable
jou to recommend ten Persons to serve as Ensigns who are best
qualified to serve in that Capacity, and who have the greatest
Probability of Enlisting Men.
Genl. Washington had wrote most urgently to the Convention
of this State to compleat their Arrangement with the utmost Dis-
patch: we, therefore, hope that you will send the messenger back
with all possible speed.
I am, Dear Sir, Yours,
Robert Yates, Chairm'n.
Fish Kill Nov. 18, 1776.
P. S. If you can think of seven more Ensigns, you will be pleased
to send their names, as there is a probability, that they may be
-appointed.
{Gen. George Clinton.) ■
[No. 235.]
And the General's Response.
Peek's Kill 19th Nov'r 1776.
Dear Sir,
I am favoured with yours of yesterday. In Answer to which, I
■can only say that the two Lists of Officers, to wit, that of Colo.
Du Bois's Regiment which I enclosed to Mr. Duer, & the one
which your Secr'y Copied yesterday, contain the Names of all the
Officers under the Degree of Field Officers in my Brigade, who I
<3an at present recommend for the standing Army, and I believe
many of them were they appointed woud not accept. I have no
Ensigns in my Brigade. I have some good Serjants but how well
quallafied for a higher Office I cant Answer nor do I know whether
they woud incline to continue in the Service. I hope I have na
428- Public Papers of George Clinton.
OlQficer now above a 2d Lieut, who woud ajccept of a 2d Lieuten-
ancy in the standing Forces.
If I am so unhappy as to have recommend any such, be asured
1 have been deceived in the Men. Do, if there are any such, be
good enough to strike them out of my List. There is certain
young Mr. Hunt son of Capt. Hunt, near New Eochelle, who I
have had occasion to employ on Long Island this Sumimer; he is
very sensible, Active & faithful & well educated. I believe he
woud accept of a 2d Lieutenancy & I wish it offered him. James.
Du Bois Son of Mathew Du Bois, of New Windsor, was named as
a 2d Lieut, in Du Bois Regim't. He had a Brother a Capt. in the
Service last year who behaved well & is since dead. I believe it
woud Answer to appoint him. The Men who were with hi»
Brother woud incline to enlist with him; many other young Fel-
lows in the Country may be found who will Answer & incline to
serve but I dont at present 'recollect their Names. I am your
Most obed't Serv't
Geo. Clinton.
Since writing the above Colo. Graham has furnished me with
the Names of the following Persons for 2d Lieuts:
Qua'r George Morehouse 2 Lieut. Oostrander
2 Lieut. Ebenezer Mott 2 Lieut. Van Bunschoten
2 Lieut. Benj'n Bogardus 2 Lieut. Horton
2 Lieut. Lawrence.
I can't conclude without mentioning it as my Opinion as well
as that of most of my Principal OfScers, that the Acceptance of
the Officers I have recommended shoud they be appointed as well
as the raising of Men out of my Brigade will much depend on
the Field Officers who may be appointed & from Colo. Du Bois
being annexed to my Brigade & having served with many of them
Public Papers of George Clinton. 429
last year I am convinced they have strong Attachments towards
liim & I believe him to be a good Officer.
[No. 236.]
The En&tny Lands on the West Side of the Hudson.
Fish Kill Landing Nov. 21, 1776.
D'r Sir,
General Heath by Express sent a letter to Mr. Cortlandt, w' ch
arrived about one o'Clock last night informing that a Body of
the Enemy had landed on the West Shore, nearly opposite Col.
Philipse's and desiring Mr. Cortlandt (if you or Gen. Scot were
at Fish Kills) to Acquaint you therewith, and desire you with-
out any Loss of Time to Repair down to Peek's Kill. Mr. Cort-
landt & my self went to Mr. McKesson's in order to be rightly
informid whether you went to Peeks Kill when you left Fish
Kills or not; he satisfied us that he had accompanied you down
some distance on your way thither and Genl. Scot went yester-
day— which Mr. Cortlandt informid Gen. Heath of by the same
Express in a letter, as I was coming down this morning to this
place I met Mr. Wisner who informid me you was at your House.
1 thought it Prudent to send a Man over immediately to acq't
jou of the above. I am in a Hurry
, S'r Your Most Hu. Ser't.
Ch. D, Witt.
[To Gen. George Clinton.] ,
[No. 237.]
Col. De Russy Makes Requisition for Ammunition.
Please your Honnour,
Sir,
As I have the happiness of being attached to your Honnour's
Ijrigade, I am under the necessity of requiring, your assistancy.
430 Public Papers of George Clinton.
for munitions) for my Detachment, (Powder & Bullets or Car-
tridges), for my soldiers are in possession of no more than five
shotts each man, which is to little if the Ennemie should pre-
tend to interupt the rest of my Post, if there is possibility of
having some, the Bearer (one of my Captains) will give the
receit for what your Exellency shall be pleased to order.
I am of Your Honnours the most obed. servant
Eegnier Deroussi, Lt. Col.
Haverstraw Ferry 9'ber 21th 1776.
To his Honnour Brig'r Genl. Clinton.
[No. 238.]
George Clinton^s Proposition to the Neio York Convention to Ob-
struct the Hudson.
(Nov. — 1776)
Gentlemen,
Inclosed I send you a rough Sketch* of Hudson's River and
the Soundings opposite Polopen's Island which appears to me
the most practicable Place for obstructing the Navigation of
the River, as well as the most elligible for many Reasons which
I have, heretofore, mentioned to some of the Members of your
Honorable House.
To me, it appears a Matter of the utmost Importance that the
River shoud be obstructed which being effectually done will be
more real advantage to the United States than 10,000 Men the
next Campaign & it is more than likely woud change the seat
of War, which alone woud fully compensate this State were we
to be at the sole Expence. Shoud (the) Convention agree with
me in Opinion, not a single Moment's Time shoud be lost in be-
ginning the great Work. The Rangers now Idle shoud be im-
*Map not found.
Public Papers of George Clinton. 431
ployed in getting Timber & Stones & the necessary Boats &
Teems procured. Genl. Heath ought to be applied to for Aid
in Men & Tools to carry on the Business. We have no News
except a Confirmation of our Troops having evacuated Fort Lee.
It is said they have saved the principal Part, if not all the pub-
lic stores, &ca., v^hich for some Days before the approach of the
Enemy they had 'been removing. The Enemy have got as far
as the Old & New Hackinsack Bridges. Part of our Ttoops are
of the Opposite sides but the Genl. & main Body are near
Aquakanonk Bridge. It is also said a Considerable Body of
the Enemy Crossed over the Hackinsack Ferry, but as these
Accounts are by Travellers from thence & not by Express they
are not to much to be relied on; we had a Report last Evening
that the Enemy were advancing Northward between Tapan &
Haverstraw; it is not true.
General Clinton Disposed to Find Fault.
Peekskill, 26th Nov. 1776.*
Sir — Can you tell me the reason why Convention has not been
good enough to answer my letter concerning the oibsitructing the
navigation of Hudson's river, near Polopen's island. I have
taken a great deal of pains to sound and measure it, and think
it very practicable; and I am certain it is a matter of the utmost
moment to the public, and to this State in particular, and not a
rn'otment's time, therefoire, oiught to' be lost in effecting it. Had
Oomvention took the matter up immediately, and applied to Gen-
eral Heath for aid, he would have furnished 500 men at least,
and tools to set about it; he could have done it consistent with
Ms instructions froon. the Oommiander-in-Chief, I had prepared
the way for it, but I fear it is too late now, we have been under
*From tbe Journal of the Proceedings of the New York Provincial Congress.
;^32 Public Papers of George Clinton.
marching orders these three days past, and only await the^ direc-
tion of Gen. Washington. Should they be to move, all is over
with the river this season, and I fear forever. Had the men been
employed in that business, they would not hiave been taken from
it. Gen. Lee, four or five days ago had orders to move with his
division across the river; instead of doing so, he ordered Gen.
Heath to march his men there, and he would replace them with
so many of his. Gen. Heath could not do^ this consistent with
his instruictions, but put his men under marching orders, and
waits his Excellency's orders. None has gone over yet, except
Scott's brigade, which this morning moved to Haverstraw. A
strange way of cooking business. We have no particular aocoiint
yet from Head-Quarters; but I am apt to believe retreating is
yet fashionable.
Yours sincerely,
(j-eo. Clinton.
To John McKesson, Esqr.
[No. 239.]
CLINTON'S DISCIPLINE CRITICISED.
Panic Along the Hudson in Consequence of Reverses of the Colonists
at Fort Washington and Fort Lee.
26th Nov'r 1776, at Fishkill.
My Dear Sir,
Your favour of this morning came duely to hand; on the morn-
ing of the 23d current, the Committee of Safety took up the ob-
struction to the navigation of Hudsons River on a Report of
messrs. Wisner & Gil Livingston — a Copy of the Report was or-
dered to be transmitted to Genl. Schuyler. The former Com-
mittee for obstructing the Navigation of Hudsons River, were
Public Papers of George Clinton. 43S
directed to cause a Nautical survey to be made of such parts
of the Eiver as might ibe most effectually obstructed, so as not
only to impede the navigation, but likewise to prevent the Land-
ing of Troops below such obstruction, and that they should
endeavour to procure the advice of the General Officers & En-
gineers on the subject. It was then Intended to endeavour
that Genl. Schuyler should be prevailed to direct that Business,
as most able to conduct it to advantage; and Mr. Duer talked
learnedly about nautical surveys. In the afternoon your Letter
■& survey arrived; they were committed to the Committee above
mentioned, Mr. Wisner put the survey in his pockett, Mr. Gil
Livingston took the Letter with him immediately on a visit to
Ms wife & is not returned. There the obstruction slept till this
afternoon. Having shewn your Letter to some of the Committee
who were with me when I received it, on their mention in the
■Committee I read your Letter, Mr. Duane catched some alarm
■& went to Duer who came in much more alarmed. I found Duer
in particular alamed At the order for General Lee's passing the
Hi^p^er, which most of us had known two or three days. There-
upon the two following Resolves passed vizt.
" Resolved that Mr. Robert Livingston be requested to repair
to Peekskill & North Castle to confer with Generals Lee, Heath
& Clinton on the situation of the Enemy within this State; the
passes necessary to be secured on both Sides of the High Lands,
and the means proper for that purpose; and also for obstructing
the Hudson's River, near Pollepel's Island agreeable to the plan
recommended by General Clinton.
" Resolved that the navigation of Hudson's River be oibstruoted
near Pollepel's Island at the northern Entirance of the High Lands,
agreeable to the* plan recommended by General James Clinton,
28
434 Public Papers of George Clinton.
and that the Convention of this State will exert every measure
necessary for that purpose."
One principal design of R. R. Livingston being sent down is to^
prevent too many Troops being sent off into Jersey, which might
Leave the pass at North Castle & those in the Highlands on both
sides of the River Exposed. It is said that the foreign Troops
are not on the west side of Hudsons River; a woman who I
saw this morning left the City on Thursday last & says there-
are very few Troops there. That she came by Land from K
" Bridge past Phillips's & saw no Troops 'till she met our army.
Therefore, the foreign Troops are on the East side of Hudsons
River. A Resolve of yesterday drawn with great care, has been
sent to General Scott's Brigade, & Colo. Snyder's detachm't, to
engage them to continue in service till the last of Dec'r. Their
Service is necessary in the field — perhaps that of some of their offi-
cers may be tho't unnecessary in Convention at Present — the
latter however is only Conjecture.
If Hudson's River should be obstructed, the use of Continental
toiols would be a Benefit, but the use of Continental Troops a
meer Trifle, as they seldom earn the salt they eat at any kind of
Labour. If Wisner & yourself could superintend that Business
it would be an advantage; pray would not Colo. Malcolm also be
of use in that Business? I fear none of you would have enough
of the Devil, to drive. I am sorry to tell you that it is generally
said, the Troops in the High Lands are indolent & do nothing^
& their General excepted, are not under com'mand. The new
arrangem't of Officers is sent off to Congress and to Genl. Wash-
ington.
We had a Report this Evening, that the Enemy in a partial
action in New Jersey have been worsted. Yesterday morning
Public Papers of George Clinton. 435-
our deputy Treasurer returned from Paramus; he informed me
(and one other person only) that his Excy. the GenL had been
obliged to destroy vast Quantities of stores & provisions to pre-
vent their falling into the hands of the Enemy. The Officers
of the Eoyal Army are in mourning. A packet arrived from
England about three weeks ago. Since her arrival another
sailed. The prisoners taken at fo^rt Washington were all paraded
near the Jews Burying Ground,* they were said to be 2500; no
insult was offered to them when paraded, nor any public huz-
zaing or rejoycing as was usual on Similar & less occasions;
whether this was owing to the Loss of the victors on that Occa-
sion, or to bad news by the packett, or to some other Cause, is
a secret to the common Class of Inhabitants in the City. The
Inhabitants remaining in the City are directed to remove all
their furniture into one Eoom in each house, & their families
into narrow Compass, to make Eoom for Troops — provisions not
plenty — the prisoners scantily fed — have suffered much for want
of provisions — beg continually from passengers & many of them
hav.e deceased.
I am yours, affectionately,
John McKesson.
[No. 240.]
EALLYING FOE THE DEFENCE.
Vigorous Proceedings Directed toioard Mobilizing Troops and Hurry-
ing the Obstructions of the Hudson against the Approach of tlie
Enemy.
In Committee of Safety for the State of New York Fishkill Nov'r
30th 1776.
EESOLVED 1st, that Mr. Cuyler & Mr. Duer be authorized &
requested to employ such & so many Persons as tbey shall think
*The present Chatham Square, New York City.
436 Public Papers of G-eorge Clinton.
fit to purchase & collect 300 felling axes & that they have Power
to impress the same where there is more than one in a family
paying the full value or offering tO' return the same on or before
the first day of January next, And tha: they advance such Sums
of Money as they shall think necessary for the purpose, which
this Committee will repay. That the Axes so obtained be de-
livered to Genl. Geiorge Clinton or his Agent, taking a Receipt for
the same as so many Axes delivered into the continental Store.
RESOLVED 2nd, That the Persons so employed set out on this
business immediately, & return all the Axes they shall obtain this
Day to General Clinton, or hisi agent iat New Windsor, by 7
O'clock on Sunday morning or as soon after as possible. That
in Order to compensate their extraordinary fatigue, one shilling
will be paid to each agent for every Axe by him delivered over &
above his Wages & Expence of Carriage.
RESOLVED 3d, That John Teller, John Elmendorph, Jeremiah
Clarke and Nicholas Brewer, Jun'r be appointed Agents to collect
within one week as many Boats, Scows & Crafts as are fit for
carrying Stone. That they have Power to hire or impress the
same, ferry Boats excepted, permitting the Owner of every Boat
with Sails, to put one hand on Board if he shall choose it, & giv-
ing a Receipt therefor, which Receipt ishall describe the Boats &
specify the hire agreed for. That the Boats be delivered to Genl.
Clinton, or his agent at New Windsor with all possible Dispatch.
That on such delivery to Genl. Clinton, they be respectively ap-
praised by three respectable freeholders & a similar Receipt ,taken,
therefor, by the person delivering the same.
RESOLVED 4th, That Mr. Gilbert Livingston cause the Spars
& Timber purchased by the Secret Committee to be immediately
Public Papers of George Clinton. 43T
rafted to New Windsor & delivered to Genl. Clinton or his Order
& that a Receipt be taken therefor.
EESOLVED 5th, That Gilbert Livingston, Esq'r, be empowered
to cause three Ton of Iron of one Inch & an half, & one Inch &
three Quarters, thick (being an equal quantity of each) or such
Quantities & Sizes of Iron as Genl. Clinton may direct to be de-
livered as soon as possible at New Windsor,
RESOLVED 6th, That Mr. Cuyler, Mr. Cantine & Coll. Allison,,
be a Committee to supply such further necessaries as Genl.
George Clinton may apply for in order to perfect the Obstructi )ns
of the navigation of Hudson's River. That they be empowered to
draw on the Treasury for a Sum not exceeding £400 to defray the-
Expence thereof .
RESOLVED 7th, that all the Troops of this State who are not
by the Terms of their Enlistment, confined to particular Counties,
except thoise.in the Counties of Charlotte, Tryon, Cumberland; &:
Gloucester be ordered down to Fort Constitution & be annexed to
Genl. George Clinton's Brigade, till the first day of January next,
and. that letters be written to the Chairmen of the County Com-
mittees where the Troops are under their Direction , requesting
them to enforce this Resolution.
RESOLVED 8th, that the militia of Orange & Ulster Counties
hold themselves in Readiness to march at a moment's warning to
oppose the Invasion of the Enemy on the West side of Hudsons
River. That Brigadier Genl. George Clinton issue Orders ac-
cordingly. And that they march for that purpose on Receiving
the Orders of Major Genl. Heath; provided such Orders shalE
be given within one month.
438 Public Papers of Georgb Clinton.
*[RESOLVED AND ORDERED 9th, That a copy of the last
preceding resolution be transmitted to Major-General Heath, and
Brigadier-Generals Clinton and Scott.
* [RESOLVED 10th, That this Committee agree with Mr. Liv-
ingston in his report in the preceding resolutions^ as amended.]
RESOLVED 11th, That Mr. Machine be requested and author-
ized to alter and fix the chain] intended for the (oibstruction of
Hudson's! river, in such manner^ and at such place as he may
think best calculated to answer the purpose for which it was in-
tended, and that this Committee will advance the money neces-
sary to defray the expense thereof.
^[ORDERED 12th, That a copy of the preceding resolutions be
transmitted to Major-General Heath and Brigadier-General Geo.
Olinton.
* [RE SOLVED 13 th, That the draft of the letter to the Honour-
able Continental Congress agreed upon by the Committee, and
directed to be despatched, be altered [to conform] to the proceed-
ing report and resolutions, andi that Mr. Duer be requested to pre-
pare the alteration. i
* [RESOLVED 14th, That a copy of the preceding resolutions be
transmitted in a letter to Mjajor-General Schuyler, and that he
136 requested to meet and consult with General Clinton on the plan
for obstructing Hudson's river, near Pollepus island, and that Mr.
Duane prepare a draft of the said letter.]
Extract from Minutes.
Robt. Benson Secr'y.
♦Matter included in brackets omitted from the Clinton MSS. Supplied from the Journal of
the Proceedings of the New Tork ProTincial Congress.
Public Papers op George Clinton. 439
[No. 241.]
Bill for Flour Casks.
William Paulding Esq'r,
To George Clinton Esq'r Dr.
To sundry Flour Casks purchased for him 25th March 1777.
<Sic.)
From Walter Degraw 166 at 2/6 or 40 pr Ton
From Joseph Coleman 212 at Do.
From Neheraiah Denton 24 at Do.
From Michael Sickles 63 at Do.
From Joseph Coleman 96 at 3
From Silvanus White 104 at Do.
From Hugh Turner 94 at Do.
From Nehemiah Denton 81 at Do.
From Do. 37 at 4/
877
To Cartage of the Casks to the Mill
:25th NovV 1776 Rec'd of Com'y Paulding
50th Nov'r 1776 Rec'd 1300 Dollars
1006
20
15 0
26
10 0
3
0 0
7
17 6
14
8 0
15
12 0
14
2 0
12
3 0
7
8 0
£121
15 6
53
0 0
£174
15 6
486
520
[No. 242.]
"Gen. Heath Requests George Clinton to Grant an Intermeio to Gen.
Lee.
Peeks kill N^ov'r 30th 1776.
D'r Sir,
General (Charles) Lee has Just arrived at this Place; he De-
sires to see you an Hour or Two, to morrow morning, I therefore,
beg you would come Down as Early as you can.
I am D'r Sir yours affect'y,
W. Heath.
Oenl. George Clinton.
•140 Public Papers of George Clinton;
TWO EEGIMENTS TO GAERISON FORT CONSTITUTION.
General Clinton Asks for Three Companies of Bangers and Promises^
to Work them a Little.
Fort Constitution, 1st December, 1776.*
Sir — I arrived here yesterday evening with two regiments, con-
sisting of about five hundred men, destined for garrisoning this
fort, and obstructing the navigation of the river near Polopin's
island, agreeable to the resolve of the Convention. I immediately
sent off the engineer with about one hundred men to get timber
for the purpose^ but I am so unfortunate as not to have axe^ for
the tenth part of the number, though I have used my best en-
deavours to procure as many as I possibly could. Axes therefore,
three or four light anchors and cables drag ropes, screws, sicows^
and other boats for collecting of stores, I must beg the Conven-
tion wilT endeavour to supply me with as quick as possible. The
business otherwise must in a great measure stand still; I have
smiths employed making axes, and I shall make them work day
and night to replace those you may supply me. with; and when
General Lee's division passes the river, and they are now at Peeks-
kill,- we shall be abl^ to get a number of boats from that quarter,
but for the present we must be supplied by Convention, if pos-
sible. I have about 40 artificers, which are as many as can be
well employed, and being furnished with the above articles only,.
I hope I shall be able to carry on the work without troubling
your Honourable House in some time for any other supplies.
Capt. Bedlow has hitherto acted here as a oommissary of
stores, and Mr. Lawrence as clerk of the check, and as there are
no other persons appointed to take charge of the stores, tools, &c.
* From the Jotunal of the Proceedings of the New York Provincial CoDgreas.
Public Papers of George Clinton. 441
or keep the accounts which wili be necessarily multiplied by this
new business, I am lof opinion it will be best to continue them.
I am sure if they do their duty, as I don't doubt they will, they
will save ten times more than their wages; especially as it will
be out of my power to do my own duty and attend particularly to
that part of the business.
There are three or four artificers who have been for some time
past employed here, (though not belonging to the army;) and as
I am informed they are industrious, active men, I would wish to
■continue them, as I believe it will be an advantage; but I shall
not engage any of them to remain in the service till I can have the
advice of Convention.
The bearer, Capt. Bedlow, who will wait your answer and bring
down such of the wanted articles as you can furnish us with, will
inform you of the scandalous manner some of the militia left this
place, without returning the ammunition or other public stores
they had been furnished with.
Mr. Livingston gave me reason to hope I should have three com-
panies of rangers join me ; I wish to have them, as we shall want
all the aid Convention can give us^, and I have a strong desire to
work those gentry a little. If they should object against going
out of their county, as I have heard they do, I'll fix them in it.
They will be equally convenient to the work.
I am with due respect.
Your mo. obt. servt.
Geo. Clinton.
"To the Honble. the Prest.
of the Convention, of the State of New-York.
442 ; Public Papers of George Clinton. : ,
[No. 243.]
Operations on the Hudson.
Peeks Kill Dec'r 2nd 1776.
D'r Sir,
I have Just Received your favor of this Day's Date, and havfr
ordered Capt. Dobbs to send you such Craft as He can procure
which will be but few at Present, as all the Craft are now at
Kings Ferry waiting to take over General Lee's Troops who will
Probably have Passed in a Day or Two, after which you shall
have an ample supply If I can obtain them.
Your Officers who were left at this Post are ordered to Joyn
their Regiments.
Mr. Quackinboss thinks that some of the steel must have been
lost as He is Confident that it was Properly weighed.
I, the last Evening, Received a Letter from His Excellency
General Washington, with His approbation of my offers of aid
to the Convention of the State of New York to obstruct the
River.
I am D'r Sir yours respectfully,
W. Heath.
(To Gen. George Clinton.)
[No. 244.]
Anent Commissary Supplies.
Dear General,
I Received your favour, and shall assist Capt. Tappen with
every article I have. Rum, at present Mr. Waterbury must
supply you with, as I am short of that article at Present; if Capt.
Tappen would in a day or Two call on me I will supply him with
some pork, which for the present will Answer the end of salt.
I expect in few days to have a quantity of salt, when I will
supply Capt. Tappen with What is necessary.
Public Papers of George Clinton, 443:
I must ;request you would inform me wither Capt Tappen is-
to be under mine, or Mr. WaterJbury's direction that I may con-
duct Myself accordingly.
I am Sir your Ob. Serv't,
William Paulding C'y..
Peeks Kill De'r 2d 1776.
(Gen. George Clinton.)
[No. 245.]
Timber Abundant in the Higlilands but Difficult to Obtain.
Fort Constution Dec'r 3d 1776.
D'r Sir,
your favor of yesterday's Date, I Kec'd and have sent Every^
article Excepting The boards and Joice which I shall send to
Morrow, and in Respect tO' the pine timbers you make Mention;
of being on the north side of the Island we are on. I took
a walk this after Noon, In company with Coll. Tomson and
Major Login. We found as we think a Considerable Quantity of
Timber that may answer the purpose. But look Upon the get-
ting of it to the River Impractable (at least in a short Time).
Therefore, Should be glad if you Could Come down and spend
your own opinion; if Not you will be good Enough To let me
know your Pleasure, which is from your Most Humble Ser't,
Levi Pawling.
(Gen. George Clinton.)
[No. 246.]
Timber Men to Fell Trees to Obstruct the March of the Britishers
Scarce.
Fishkills Dec'r 3rd 1776.
Sir, - .
We inclose you Certain resiolutions Respecting the Obstruction
intended to be made in Hudsons River. We have Just received
444 Public Papers of Gteorge Clinton.
jour letter by Capt. Bedlow, and have Emeadiately ordered the
anchors Cables «fe ropes for Drags, to be forwarded to you from
Poukeepsie where we have been informed, they Can be Procured.
Several Persons have been Employd to Purchase or hire the 300
felling axes, agreeable to your first requasition, many of which
Tiave been delivered at the farry house at New Windsor & we
fletter ourselfs the whole number will this day be supplyed &
Delivered at the said place. We hope the Rangers whom are
nearest to jon may soon be Employed in this usef ull work. The
artificers you spake of you may Employ in Such service as you
■Judge may be most adventagious for the Public Good. You will
also be Pleased to Employ Capt. Bedlow & Mr. Lawrance in Such
a Depertment as you Shall Judge right.
We are Sir your most obdt. & Very humble Serv't
Jacob Ouyler, Chairman.
(Gen. George Clinton.)
[No. 247.]
The Militia of Ulster and Orange Counties Ordered to 6e Ready to
March at a Moment's Notice.
New Windsor 4th December 1776.
Sir,
I am injoined by a Resolve of the Committee of Safety of this
"State, to order the Militia of the Counties of Ulster and Orange to
hold themselves in Readiness to march at a Moment's warning to
repel the Invasion of the Enemy on the West side of Hudson's
River. Youl therefore give this Order to the Regiment under
your Command &, govern yourself accordingly. I am, your Most
■Obed't Serv't,
Geo. Clinton, B. Genl.
This added to the Order sent Coll. Hay: " I must also request
jou to transmit a certified Copy hereof to the Brigade Major Jno.
Public Papers of George Clinton. 445.
Haring Esq'r that he may give the like orders to the other Regts.
in your County on the south side of the Mountains; this letter
sent by Lieut. Jackson."
[No. 248.]
Rum and Salt the Chief Luxuries for the Men Who Obstruct the
Hudson.
New Windsor, 4th December 1776.
Dear Sir,
I have received yours of the 2d Instant. I cant tell whether
Capt. Tappen is to be under your Direction or Watterburry's.
This I know it is a Part of the Division & Brigade for which you
was appointed Commissary near this Place which is to be sup-
plied, & Watterbury was as I understand appointed for the Forts
in the Highlands only. He said he coud not supply this De-
tachm't & mentioned the Appointment of Capt. Tappen for the-
Purpose. I approved of it, knowing him to be a good Man but I
think he ought to be under your Direction & wish it might be so.
At any Eate we must be supplied with Rum- & Salt; these are two
Articles we cant do without & the first, considering we are to
work in the Water, is as absolutely necessary as the Latter.
Pray do send for Watterbury, & settle who is to manage the Sup-
plying of us & I know you will (even shoud it not fall to you)
give a helping Hand nevertheless.
The Mill has now Water Plenty & grinds for you Night & Day,,
but you must try to save some Empty Flour Casks, as I don't
know how we shall be otherwise supplied. There is near tw^o
hundred Flour Casks in the Mill, which I have desired to be sent
down; 130 Barrels of it was purchased last Sumer at 17/ by
Schnack (?); 30 or upwards belongs to Mr. Harris who will write
-446 ' Public Papers of George Clinton.
you on the Occasion. Make my best Compliments to my Officers
& Friends, who lodge in the House with you, & believe me
Yours sincerely
Geo. Clinton.
'(Commissary Paulding.)
[No. 249.]
Weather Interferes ivith the Obstruction of the Hudson.
Murderer's Creek, 5th Dec'r 1776.
Dear Sir,
The Weather has been so extream bad, which with the Want
of Felling axes, has like to prevented our doing much at the Busi-
ness we were sent upon. We have however, got out some Timber,
& have several sloops furnished us by Convention, collecting
stone & Eafts of Timber; & Tomorrow we hope to begin to frame
the first Block. The Black Smiths ordered up have not yet
joined us, nor have we here a shop as yet for them, to work in;
we have began to build one & have Boards to cover it; must beg
youl order us about 50 lb. of 20 or 24 penny Nail as we have not
one & cannot do without them. I observed near your Door, some
Irons like Plow Shears, these woud answer some good Purposes
& be very Convenient for us; Shoud be glad, therefore, you woud
order the Quarter Master to forward them here. We shall want
A Number of Teems; those I suppose we must endeavour to sup-
ply ourselves with & give Certificates on the Quarter Master, it
will be the Cheapest way. Be pleased to indulge me with a Line
respecting the situation of our army in Jersey if you have heard
lately from thence as our accounts are various & uncertain.
Your most Obed't Serv't,
Geo. Clinton.
To the Honorable Maj'r Genl. Heath.
^-..x.- ,-= Public Papers op George Clinton. 447
[No. 250.]
General Heath Shy on News.
Peeks Kill Dec'r 6tli 1776.
D'rSir,
I have received your favor of yesterday's Date, and am sur-
prised to hear that the Smiths have not Joyned you.
I this morning sent for Major Hughes and Directed him to fur-
nish you with such articles as you wrote for, if He had them in
store. I am afraid there are but few Nails on Hand, But a
"Quantity are sent for; some of the Irons you mention shall be sent
to you. I have also ordered all the Boats and Crafts that Can
be spared to be sent up to you. I have also ordered Colonel De
Bousie to Joyn you with His Canadians.
As to news, my Dear Sir, I scarcely know what to write, our
accounts are so vague and uncertain. The last Letter which I
received from General Washington v/as Dated at Brunswick.
Some reports since are, that the Enemy are as far as that place
but whether those reports be true or not, is uncertain. We have
also had a Kumor, that a large number of vessells have passed
through Hellgate to the Eastward, But whether this report be
true or false is also as yet uncertain.
General Lee has passed the Ferry with his Divisions, having
Left at this Post a great number of sick. Lame, and wounded men;
the General was yesterday marching towards Tapan. If any
thing remarkable Transpires, I will acquaint you of it and am D'r
-Sir with respect & Esteem
Yours sincerely,
W. Heath.
Oenl. George Clinton.
P. S. I have this moment received Intelligence By Letter from
Oenl. Spencer that on the 4th Instant, about sun sit seventy sail
448 Public Papers of George Clinton.
of ships of war & Transports with Troops on Board sailed with a
fair wind Down the sound.
W.H.
[No. 251.]
Commissary Paulding Promises to Co-operate.
D'r Sir,
I Eeceived your favour by Major Pawlin And have seen Water-
bury; he says Capt. Tappen is under his direction. I shall assist
you all that lays in my power; whenever you want any Thing,
please to inform me and if I have it, shall send it to you. I should
have sent your Molasses but could not get a barrel to put It in.
Grenl. Heath informed me this morning He expects to go to the
eastward, as there is 70 sail ships in the sound ; we have Just Ee-
ceived intelligence from Haverstraw that Genl. Washington has
defeated the British troops, & drove them over Second river with;
Great loss, the report says 1500 Killed and Numbers drowned in
the Kiver.
The bearer of this, Mr, Goldsmith, belongs to Collo. Pawlin's
regiment, the Gollonel gave me Liberty to Keep him with me as
Clerk. Yesterday his Capt. sent for him should be Obliged to
you Sir, if he could be spared from the regiment few days to-
write for me. I am D'r Sir your H Serv't
Peeks Kill D'r 6th 1776. William Paulding.
To Brig'r. General George Clinton,
New Windsor.
[No. 252.]
GEN. SCHUYLER APPEARS ON THE SCENE.
Gives Expert Advice on the Sinking of Caissons in the Hudson.
Saratoga, Saturday Dec'r 7th 1776.
Dear General,
As I have been greatly chagrined that all our Attempts to ob-
struct the Navigation of Hudson's River have proved ineffectual;.
Public Papers op George Clinton. 449
il gives me great pleasure to learn that you have taken the Busi-
ness in Hand, as it affords me great Hopes that success w^ill
attend your Labours.
You will have seen my Letter on the subject to the Committee
of Safety — as you w^ill probably attempt sinking Cassoons, I will
take the Liberty to mention how I intended to construct them.
First a square of thirty or more Feet of strong sills and sleep-
ers well duftailed and joined together. Then a strong Frame of
posts and Beams, on that, covered and bound with a strong wall
plates and Braces. I intended six set of Beams well braced (as if
it was intended for a House of six stories) to prevent the sides
spreading, with Tye pieces from the End Beams, to some of the
middle Beams, to prevent the like Accident on the Ends. I then
proposed boarding the Bottom and sides with Inch and half plank,
the Bottom to be caulked and also so much of the sides, as to pre-
vent the Cassoons sinking, until it is brought to the proper place
and stone hove in. I should imagine that a Cassoon, when com-
pleated would not draw above four Feet of Water. It need, there-
fore, not be caulked beyond that Height, or five at most.
When the Cassoon is finished, it is conveyed between two ves-
sels to the spot where it is to be sunk. The Bottom of the River
must be carefully examined, lest if there should be very large
Rocks, the Cassoons falling on them might overset. In sinking
it, a Tackle is fixed to each Corner, to keep it in a perpendicular
Position, which it will not otherwise by any Means do, as the
stone will not lay equally scattered on the Bottom, when the
Cassoon begins to fill with water, which it will do as soon as
it gets sunk beyond the caulking.
When I mentioned six sett of Beams I calculated for a Cassoon
of about forty Feet deep to be varied, as a greater or less Depth
29
450 „ Public Papers op George Clinton.
is required; permit me to observe, that tlie Base of the Cassoons
should be in proportion to the Height.
I have ordered twenty Barrels of Tar to be sent you, in Case
it should be wanted, and have requested the Committee of Al-
bany to send down all the Timber that can be procured. I have
also ordered a Number of Boards down. Pray my best Kespects
to Mrs. Clinton, and believe me with every wash for your Health
& Happiness,
Your affectionate humble servant,
Ph: Schuyler.
The Honble. General George Clinton.
[No. 253.]
Inventory of Axes at Fort Montgomery.
An Account of the axes in this- Garrison at Fort Montgomery
December 7th 1776 — and in Whose Care.
belong- own
iiig to prop-
Store, erty.
Richard Mackril belonging to Capt. James Rosekran's
Company 1
Henry Talleday belonging to the same Company 1
Steplien Dodge belonging to Rosekran's Company 1
George Loveless belonging to Rosekran's Company 1
Joseph Wiltse belonging to the above mentioned
Company meet axe 1
Isaac Lockwood belonging to Capt. John Belknap's
Company
Silas Leonard belonging to Belknap's Company 1
James wood belonging to J^>elknap's Company
Thomas Batey belonging to Belknap's Company 1
Gideon Shearmon belonging to Belknap's Company
Public Papers of George Clinton.
451
Joshua Frydaj belongiuo; to Belknap's Company
Jacob Kizer belonging to Belknap's Company- 1
David Hufmon belonging to Belknap's Do.
Hesekiah Grigs belonging to Belknap's Do. 1
Thomas Hill belonging to Capt. A. Swart wont's
Company 1
Joseph Valuntine belonging to Swartwont's Company
one Meat axe 1
Richard Warner belonging to Swartwont's Company 1
John Thompson belonging to Swartwont's Company 1
Jam's Norris belonging to Capt. Strowbiick's Company
Daniel Nulling belonging to Strowbuck's Do.
William Little belonging to Do Do
Coonrod Cypher belonging to Do Do 1
Cornelious Yanblack belonging to Mechanics uiess 1
Butchers 1
Belong- Own
ing to prop-
store, erty.
Total,
16
12
[No. 254.]
List of Artificers to Prepare Obstructions for the Hudson.
Fish Kill 7th Dec'r 1776.
Sir,
At foot you have a List of Carpenters Lately Employed by us
here & the Terms on which they were engag'd. I am, with the
greatest Esteem Sir
Your Ob't Hble. Serv't
And. Bostwick, Agent to the Q. M. Genl.
N. B. I Expect It'll be in my power to send you fourteen more
tomorrow.
452 Public Papers op George Clinton.
Master Workman at 8/ pr. Day & Continental Rations.
Reuben Bristol White Griswell
John Watkins Goel Catlin
Enoch Person Jacob Benton
John Cambell
at 6 pr. Day & Rations.
Reubin Cartwright Sam'l Logan
Asa Griswell Israel Bristol
Asa Rice Elijah Bill
Brig'r Genl. Clinton.
[No. 255.]
Gen. James Clinton Reports to George Clinton as to the Situation in
the Highlands.
Fort Montgomery Decem'r 8th 1776.
D'r Brother^
Yours of this Date I Rec'd by Mr. Gale, Desiring me to send up
the shirk Galley which lies in the creek and all the Ropes I Could
Collect about the Garrison, I am sorry it is not in my Power to
suply you with Either. About a half Hour before I Rec'd yours,
there came an order from Genl. Heath to Fit out and send Down
both the Row Galleys as fast as Possible to Kings Ferry, as
one of the Tenders or Row Galleys had come up yesterday from
the men of war and Lay a Little below the Ferry in order to
stop our Passing the River there; the galleys are both gone
Down and as for Ropes, the Privateers that was Down here
when we was Drawn the Chain across the River, has Robed us
of them all which I believe Mr. Machin knows to be so.
I Just now Rec'd a few Lines by the way of Peeks Kill from
you, In Regard to the Tory Butter which is at Fort Constitution.
It is true I have Talked of haveing it Brought Down to this Fort
Public Papers op George Clinton. 453
by way of safety, as T have heard that it was Wasted or De-
stroyed in some measure there before my two Comp's Left that
Fort but how it is I cant tell as I have never seen it. But I
had not Concluded to Divide it amongst the officers yet though
I believe it is much wanted as there is none in the Garrison.
But if you want a firkin you may Depend upon it you shall
have one, when it comes Down which I suppose will not be be-
fore I see you, as I intend to be up as soon as I can conveniently.
I am yours,
James Clinton.
No further News to be Depended on. Coll. Bruyn is with me
here.
[To Gen. George Clinton.]
[No. 2.56.]
Gen. Clinton Commends Col. De Riissy's Canadians in Warm Lan-
guage to Gen Schuyler.
New Windsor 9th Dec'r 1776.
My Dear Genl.
A Detachment of Canadians, commanded by Lieut. Colo. De
Rosie, since in this Quarter have been annexd to my Brigade.
They have been very useful to the Army in transporting the
Troops «& Stores across the River, and woud still be so were it
not that they are almost destitute of Cloathing & most of them
having never received their Pay are not able to provide them-
selves here. I thought it my Duty to represent their Case to a
Committee of the Convention, who have advised that they be
permitted to Return to Albany for the Purposes of drawing their
pay and procuring the Cloathing & I have this Day gave them Per-
mission accordingly. I know as they are deserving, yon will give
theni every Assistance in your Power in the settlement of their
454 Public Papers of George Clinton.
Accounts, & Rec't of their back Pay. ' The Colo, stays here,
awhile & proposes marching with the Militia of this & Orange
County under my Command on an Expedition into New Jersey.
I think him a good Officer & wish he may not be neglected. I
am yours
Most Sincerely,
G. C.
To the Honble. Major Genl. Schuyler.
The Detatchment of Canadians under the Command of Lieut.
Colo. De Rosie consisting of Mnty Seven, Officers included, are
permitted to Return from hence to Albany & there take their
further Directions from Major Genl. Schuyler.
Given under my Hand at New Windsor, this 9th Dec'r 1776.
Geo. Clinton, B. Genl.
[No. 257.]
GEN. CLINTON'S COMMAND EXTENDED.
Ordered to Co-operate with Lee and Gates to Harass the Enemy —
Plans and Arrangements for the Campaign.
In Committee of Safety for the State of New York Fishkills
Decem'r 9th 1776.
RESOLVED, that all the Militia of Orange and Ulster Coun-
ties be forthwith ordered to march, properly armed and accoutred
and with four days' Provisions, to Chester, in Orange County,
there to receive further Orders from General George Clinton, for
Effectually cooperating with Major General Lee, and Major Gen-
eral Gates, in harrassing and distressing the Enemy, who have
entered the state of New Jersey — that the said Militia shall be
allowed Continental pay and Rations and one penny per mile
in Lieu of Rations till they come to the place of Rendezvous.
Public Papers of George Clinton. 455
EESOLVED that Brigadier General George Clinton be em-
powered to make use of the arms and accoutrements belonging
to this state, and now at New Windsor, for the purpose of Equip-
ping such of the said Militia as are not armed.
RESOLVED that Colo. Malcolm, be requested and authorized
to Exert all the influence which he possibly can tO' induce the
men under his command, and such others as he can procure and
Engage in service till the last day of December, and that he be
annexed to the Brigade Commanded by Brigadier General George
Clinton.
EESOLVED that Brigadier General George Clinton, be Em-
powered to give a Gratuity of one dollar to each man of Colo.
Maloolmi's Regiment who will Consent to Remain in Service till
the last day of December.
AND WHEREAS, in the Opinion of the Honorable General
Congress, and from the measures pursued by the Enemy, the
Security of the United States principally depends upon prevent-
ing the passes of the Highlands on Hudsons River from falling
into. the hands of the Enemy; Yet it is the firm Intention and the
Earnest desire of the Convention of this State, to give every pos-
sible assistance to any of their Sister States, or to the United
States in General, Coinsistent with the security of thatl Grand
object;
AND WHEREAS, the committee of Safety have this day Re-
ceived Information that Major General Lee has taken post at
Morristown in New Jersey, where he is Assembling an Army to
act in Concert with General Washington in opposing the Enemy
who are marched towards Philadelphia.
AND WHEREAS, the Security of the Highlands, on the west
side of Hudson's River must greatly depend upon the militia of
456 Public Papers of George Clinton.
Ulster and Orange Counties, who for that reason ought not to
be Removed to so great a distance from the passes of the High-
lands as to be unable to oppose any further designs of the Enemy
in that Quarter;
RESOLVED, therefore, that General George Clinton, in Co-
operating with General Lee and General Gates, take Especial
Care at all Events to secure the said passes, and in case he shall
not find it Expedient to Join the said Generals, he. Nevertheless,
march into the state of New Jersey, as far as he shall think
Serviceable, Consistent with the preservation of the said passes,
And that he Exert himself to the Utmost in Collecting the militia
of New Jersey, and raising their spirits, and in Overawing and
Curbing the disaffected or Revolted Subjects of that State when
called upon by the Civil or Military Authorities thereof.
RESOLVED, that a Copy of the above Resolutions be Trans-
mitted to General Heath and that he be requested to give every
necessary Assistance to General George Clinton in Carrying the
same into Execution.
RESOLVED, that the Regiments commanded by Colo. Hunt-
ingdon and Colo. Tyler, may with safety be put under the Com*-
mand of General George Clinton, as he will take care from time
to time in case the motions of the Enemy should require it that
the pass at Ramapough should be properly secured.
RESOLVED, that in case General George Clinton shall be per-
mitted to draw off the above mentioned Regiments from the pass
at Ramapough, that he be empowered to Supply their place with
as miany of the militia under his command as he shall think
Necessary.
RESOLVED, that General George Clinton march (as a part
of the Troops under his command) the Companies of Rangers
Public Papers op George Clinton. 457
Raised in the County of Ulster under the Command of Capt.
DeWitt and Capt. Hasbrouck.
RESOLVED, that General George Clinton should be supplied
with two field pieces, forty five thousand Cartridges; Tents for
fifteen hundred men, and as many small arms as shall be neces-
sary for supplying the Militia, who may stand in need of them,
and that the same ought to be issued from the Continental
Store.
RESOLVED, that a Deputy Commissary and one Assistant
Quarter Master General of the Continental Army, should attend
the Brigade of Militia under the command of General George
Clinton.
RESOLVED that the sum of Six thousand pounds be advanced
to General George Clinton from the Treasury of this State in
order to defray any Expence which may accrue in the Execution
of the above mentioned Resolutions, and which is before unpro-
vided for.
RESOLVED that a Letter be sent Express to Major General
Gates inclosing Copies of these Resolutions and Requesting him
to forward Copies of the same to Major General Lee.
Extract from the Minutes.
John McKesson, Secr'y.
[No. 258.]
And the General's Orders in Consequence.
New Windsor 9th Dec'r 1776.
Sir,
I am ordered by the Co^mmittee of Safety of this State forth-
with, to march the Militia of the Counties of Ulster and Orange
into the state of New Jersey to join the Troops under Major
General Lee or Gates to form a separate Army for the Important
458 Public Papers of George Clinton.
Purposes of falling on the Enemy's Rear, .cutting of their sup-
plies, collecting and raising the spirits of the Well disposed
Militia, of that State and moving and curbing its disaffected or
revoilited subjects.
Your are, therefoire, hereby ordered forwith, on Eeceipt hereof,
to march the Regiment of Militia under your Command, com-
pleatly armed and accoutred, & as well provided with Amunition
as in their Power to the Place called the City near Kakeate, in
Orange County being the appointed Place of Rendevouz & then
wait for further Orders.
Nothing need be said to exite you to Expedition on this Oc-
casion, nor to induce Men who have always stood foremost in the
Cause of Liberty & their Country to turn out with spirit &
alacrity when not only the Salvation of a sister state but that
of the whole Continent may depend on our Exertions. The
Militia now called out, are to have the usual marching allow-
ance, & Continental pay & Rations & A Com'y to supply them
with Provisions; & a Quarter Master to furnish them with other
Necessaries will join you at the Place of Rendevous. Youl re-
mind your People however of the Necessity of bringing Blankets
& kettles with them. I am your
Most Obed't Serv't,
(George Clinton)
[To Cols, in Orange and Ulster County.]
[No. 259.]
Discouraging Tribulations of a General Officer.
New Windsor, 10th December 1776.
D'r Sir,
On my arival here with two Regiments of my Brigade to be
imployed in obstructing the Navigation of Hudson's River, I
Public Papers of George Clinton. 459
applied by Letter to the Honorable, the Convention for sundry
Articles which were absolutely necessary for carrying on that
Business, and which coud not be furnished by the Quarter Master
Genl's Deputy at Peek's Kill; among these were scows, Cables,
& Light Anchors, Takles, & Eopes for Draggs &c., without which
nothing to any Purpose can be effected. The 3d Instant I was
favoured with a Letter from a Committee of your House, promis-
ing me an immediate supply of these Articles, notwithstanding
which 1 am sorry to say I have not yet been furnished with one
of them, except a Number of sloops, most of them without
Hands; or scows; a Parcel of axes if such they can be called, not
fit for Use; & a Quantity of Iron; without the others these are
only idly creating Expence; the sloops cant be loaded or unladed
without scows; & Timber cant be rafted without Ropes; the
Blocks cant be set up without Takles, nor sunk without Cables
& Anchors.
Indeed it is a mode of carrying on Business that even coud it
be accomplished in, cant fail tO' bring: those concerned in it, to
Disgrace; as such I woud not wish to have any Thing to do with
it. I am sure this Important Business might with Ease be
affected were the proper Materials furnished, but as this is not
in my Power & I have not yet learned the art of making Brick
without straw, I am determined tho with the utmost Reluctance
to quit; & order my Regiments now here, back to the Forts &
Peeks Kill, where perhaps it may be in their Power to render the
public some small service; their tarrying here without Materials
to work with can be none but the Contrary; of this I thought it
my Duty to give you Notice and am with much Respect
your most Obed't Serv't,
(George Clinton).
(To John McKesson).
460 Public Papers of George Clinton.
[No. 260.]
TO CO-OPERATE WITH GEN. LEE.
But Not to Uncover the Highland Passes — Thus Orders the Com-
mittee of Safety.
In Committee of Safety for the State of New York,
Fishkill Dec'r lOtli 1776.
Sir,
You are to assemble the militia of your Brigade as soon as pos-
sible at Chester, in the County of Orange, and to march them from
thence into the State of New Jersey, if it can be done consistant
with the security of the passes thro' the High Lands, which you
are on no Consideration ever to put out of your power to regain.
You are either to join General Lee or Gates if they shoud com-
mand separate Bodies in New Jersey, to hang on the rear of the
Enemy, provided, they are now & shall continue to be, in such
places as will enable you to do it -without endangering the Loss
of the above passes, the regaining of which you are ever to have
in view. If neither of these Gentlemen should command such
separate Bodies or be in such a situation as will enable you to join
them consistant with the safety of those passes — or should after
you had joined them or either of them make such a movem't as
will leave this state exposed, you are then to form a separate
Corps and to Cooperate with them as far as lays in your power in
distressing the Enemy and raising & collecting the well affected,
and curbing and overawing the disaffected subjects of the state
of New Jersey, and to concur in every other Measure with them
which may in your Opinion contribute to the general welfare of
America, without at any time loosing sight of the necessity of
keeping open your Retreat to the above passes in the High Lands.
Extract from the Minutes.
John McKesson, Secr'y.
Brigadier General (George) Clinton.
Public Papers of George Clinton. 461
[No. 261.]
Capt. De Witt Ordered to March His Bangers Forthivith to Kakiate
in Orange County.
Goshen, 10th Dec'r 1776.
Sir,
Pursuant to a Resolve of the Committee of Safety of the State
of New York you are hereby ordered forthwith most expeditiously
to march the Company of Rangers under your Command com-
pleatly armed & accoutred taking with them four Days' Provis-
ions to the Place called the City near Kakiate in Orange County
& there wait my further Orders. I am your most Obed't Serv't,
Geo. Clinton, B. Gen.
To Capt. Jacob De Witt.
[No. 262.]
THE HIGHLAND PASSES TO BE STRONGLY GUARDED.
New York Committee of Safety^ s Resolutions on the Defence of the
Hudson.
In Committee of Safety for the State of New York, Fishkill —
. December 11th 1776.
A Letter from Major General Heath being read, informing the
Convention that he was ordered to go over with his division to the
west side of Hudsons River — by which the defiles in the High
Lands will be exposed. The same being taken into Consideration,
RESOLVED, that the Safety of this State and the general In-
terest of America require that the defiles in the High Lands on
both sides of Hudsons River should be carefully and strongly
guarded;
RESOLVED, that the Militia of Ulster and Orange Counties
ordered to be raised by the Resolution of the Convention of this
State passed the ninth day of December Instant, do not march
462 Public Papers of George Clinton.
farther south than Haverstraw, or west than Kingwood, 'till the
farther orders of this ConYention ;
RESOLVED, that Colo. Malcom with the militia under his Com-
mand be annexed to General George Clinton's Brigade;
EESOLVED, that a Copy of the above Resolutions be immedi-
ately transmitted to General George Clinton.
RESOLVED, that a Letter be written to his Excellency General
Washington enclosing the Resolutions passed on Monday last —
stating the dangers attending the leaving the passes thro' the
High Lands unguarded; and requesting that the order for Gen-
eral Heath's division to march may be countermanded;
RESOLVED that the said Letter go by Express who shall be &
hereby is empowered to impress Horses every ten Miles & to ride
night & Day both going and returning;
RESOLVED that if the Express shall go & return in less than
six days that he shall be paid three pounds per day over& above his
wages for every day short of that Time in which he shall perform
the same. That is if he shall perform the same in five Days he
shall receive three pounds if in four Days six pounds.
Extract from the Minutes.
John McKesson, Secr'y.
[No. 263.]
The Committee of Safety Determined to Eradicate the Westchester
Tories.
In Committee of Safety for the State of New York,
Fishkill— December 12th 1776.
Sir,
The Convention on the application of the Inhabitants of West
Chester County who complain of Inroads made upon them by a
Public Papers of George Clinton. 46S
party of Bangers under the command of Major Kodgers, have
come to a Resolution to detach Colonels Malcom and Thomas
with their Regiments, who will be joined by some of the militia
of West Chester County and three Companies of Rangers in order
to fall upon the Troops of the Enemy and remove the Stock &
Grain from the said County. You will be pleased therefore im-
mediately to give the necessary Orders.
I am with great respect sir your very hunible serv't,
By order of the Committee.
Matthew Cantine pr. tem Chairman.
Brigadier General George Clinton.
[No. 264.]
Col. 3Ialcom's Instructions from the Committee to Carry the Plan
into Effect.
In Committee of Safety for the State of New York, Fishkill,
December 12th 1776.
.^ RESOLVED, that an Expedition be made into the County of
West Chester under the Command of Colo. Malcom, for which
purpbse the said Colo. Malcom be immediately ordered over with
his Regim't to Peeks Kill.
That the Commanding Officer at Peeks Kill be requested to put
Colo. Thomas with his Regiment under the Command of Colo.
Malcom.
That the Militia of the said County be encouraged to join the
Troops aforesaid, with four days' provisions for which purpose
Major Lockwood be immediately sent among them and to concert
a place of Rendesvous for those who are willing to serve with;
Secrecy & dispatch.
464 Public Papers of George Clinton.
That such militia be allowed continental', pay and rations, and
that the Commissary at Peeks Kill be requested to furnish such
Rations, & in default thereof that the said Major Lockwood be
empowered to appoint a Commissary for the purpose aforesaid.
That the Rangers daily expected from Albany be also put under
the Command of Colo. Malcom immediately upon their arrival.
That the Troops under the Command of Captains Scribner &
Dellavan be also subjected to Colo. Malcom's command.
That Colo. Malcom be ordered to take the most effectual meas-
ures for apprehending or destroying such of the Enemy's Rangers
& other their Troops as may be found in the said County; as also
for the Bringing away from such parts of the said County as are
more immediately exposed to the Enemy, all Forrage Grain Cattle
Sheep Horses &ca. giving receipts therefor to the parties from
whom the same are taken respectively; and burning all Boats
along the sound as far eastward as Rye inclusively, if necessary;
and for these purposes he be empowered to press Teams carts
waggons Horses «feca. the Expence thereof to be paid by Stephen
Ward Esquire.
That Major Lockwood be ordered to wait upon the said Com-
manding ofQcer at Peeks Kill with a Copy of these Resolutions &
of the said Petition, and also concert measures with the said
Stephen Ward & Colo. Malcom; and that he be furnished with
the sum of five hundred pounds for defraying the incidental
Expences of the said Expedition, & account, therefor, with this
Committee or Convention of this state.
That a Letter be written to General George Clinton, requesting
the Regiments of Colo. Malcom and Colo. Thomas for the purposes
afores'd and that Major Lockwood wait on him with the same.
That Major Lockwood explain to General Heath the reasons
Public Papers of George Clinton. 465
upon which this Committee have formed this Expedition, & in-
form him that in the opinion of this Committee it will not
hazard the Loss of the Defiles; to which they can return upon the
earliest notice.
That he endeavour to obtain from General Heath, Provisions,
particularly hard Bread, and whatever else may be necessary for
forwarding the Intention of the above resolutions.
That he apply to the Quarter Master at Peeks Kill for his aid
in removing Forrage from the County of West Chester; and to
the Commissary requesting him to purchase such Cattle as may
be driven in for the use of the army :
That he have power to devise and carry into Execution any
plan for obtaining ammunition and to use of the Lead and pow-
der belonging to this state at Peeks Kill or at this place.
Extract from the Minutes.
John McKesson Secry,
[No. 265.]
Col. Allison Registers His Periodical Complaint.
Goshen, 12th December 1776.
D'r Sir,
How it hapned that In Mr. Levingston's Report To the house,
that your Bregade was to Rendisvouse at Chester, Contrary as it
appears, to your orders to the Colonels, I am not able to account
for, when I mentioned to you yesterday, gen'rl Scot's opinion
that the Meliti might, with propriety, be withheld, TJntill the
pleasure of Convention was known, and which I thought, seem'd
to be your sentiments; a Doubt Did not Remain with me but
that you was to meet the Bregade at Chester; but sir, the Rege-
ment Under my command, is now collecting in order to march
30
466 Public Papers of George Clinton.
this day to the New City in the Lower End of this County; but
as no time would be Lost by this Express, I have thought it ad-
visable to acquaint you of our Movement, and, if your orders for
marching the Bregade should Be countermanded, you will
pleas to acquaint me by the Bairer, as the marching a melitia
at this Inclement season is attended with many Difficulties, and
cannot be Justified but on the most Urgent necessity.
I am sorry to Informe you that our people gethers Very slowly,,
and numbers of those few met makeing Excuses.
I am with Due Respect Sir, your Very Humble Serv't,
Wm. Allison^
To Brigadier gen'rl, George Clinton.
[No. 266.]
The General Strongly Endorses a Young 3Ian's Appointment.
Fort Constitution, 14th Dec'r 1776.
D'r Sir,
When I was at Convention yesterday old Mr. Lawrence ap-
plied to me to recommend his son a Lieut in Colo. Swarthoud's-
Regiment in my Brigade to your Committee in which Case he
said you woud appoint him an Officer in the New Army. I was
surprized at his Application as I had recommended him for a
Lieutenancy in a former Letter to your Committee. I did not
chuse to give him a Second Recommendation least I might have
been mistaken in his Charecter & I did not know but j-ou might
know more of him than I did. I thought it therefore best to re-
fuse till I coud see his Colonel & inform Myself more fully about
him which I have this Day had an Opportunity of doing. The
Colonel tells me on his Honor that he believes him to be brave;
Public Papers of George Clinton. 46T
that the' he has been a wild young Lad in Times past this Cam-
paign he has been attentive to Duty & sober & that he will in
his Opinion make a good first Lieut, which is the Office he now
bears. Indeed he says he has had the Charge of the Comp'y
thro' most of this Campaign & has executed it well. This is the-
Colonel's Charecter & opinion of him & I place great Confidence
in the Colonel. I am this far on my march; several of the Militia
Regiments are already at the Place of Rendevouz near Kakeate
& I must hurry on to join them to prevent Discontent as they
are without Covering Provision & ammunition.
I am D'r your Most Obed't Serv't,
Geo. Clinton.
[To James Duane.]
[No. 267.]
General Clinton Asks General Heath for Instructions.
City near Kakeate, 16th Dec'r 1776.
My dear Genl:,
Pursuant to an Order of the Convention of this State I arrived
here last Night with about 1,200 of the Militia of the Counties
of Ulster & Orange including Officers & there are three Regi-
ments more on their March (the first of which may be expected
in this Evening) which when they arrive will make me about
2000 strong. My first Orders upon which I called the Militia out
were, in substance
" to join Gen. Lee or Gates if they shoud form seperate Bodies
to hang on & harrass the Rear of the Enemy's Army, not how-
ever to advance so far as to xjrevent my regaining the passes in
the Highlands in Case of any unfortunate Accident. But if
neither of those Gentlemen should Command such Bodies as I
coud Join consistent with the safety of the Passes in the High-
468 Public Papers of George Clinton.
lands I was to form a seperate Corps & co-operate with them as
far as might lay in my Power in distressing the Enemy raising
& collecting the well effected & curbing and overawing the dis-
alfected subjects of the State of New Jersey."
Since which I have received a second Order from the Conven-
tion not to advance with the Militia West of Ringwood or south
of Haverstraw. This has given the Militia under my Command
great Discontent; they dont understand being called out on
certain Business & then by After Orders confined to Limits
where they cant possibly effect any Thing. I think it most ad-
viseable to let a part of these at least go forward «& Join you
leaving a Regiment or two here which in my Opinion will answer
the Intentions of Convention but I chuse first to have your Ap-
probation & Advice & to know where I shall find you & what
Route I had best Take for that Purpose. I will wait your Orders
by the Bearer; I expect [he] will be able to Return this Even-
ing. I take for grant Convention obtained your Permission for
me to Head the Militia as Genl. Scott waited on you at Peek's
Kill for that Purpose Sl other Business. I am with due Respect
your
Most Obed't Serv't
Geo. Clinton.
(Gen. Heath.)
[No. 268.]
THE GENERAL REPORTS TO THE CONVENTION.
And Gives a Clear Account of Several Minor Operations.
Pyramus, 17th Dec'r 1776.
D'r Sir,
I arrived at the City near Kakiate on Sunday last, where I
found Colo. Woodhull's, McClaghry's, Heathorn's & Allison's
Public Papers of George Clinto>\ 469
Regiments, of Militia consisting of about 1,200 Men, exclusive of
Commissioned Officers waiting with the utmost Anxiety for or-
ders to move forward. I found that Genl, Heath had marched
his Division down to Orange Town, and from thence had pro-
ceeded to Hackinsack but as I coud not learn what Reception he
had mett with on his Arival there, & could not know but that
for want of succour he might fail in his Expetion, I thought it
most expedient to proceed thither myself, accompanied by some
of my Officers & a small Detachment of Light Horse; I did so
accordingly.
I arrived there yesterday afternoon & found that the Enemy
who were but few in Number on the Genl's approach had pre-
cipately fled, accompanied by a number of principal Terries,
leaving in the Town at the Bridge & on Board of Vessels in the
River, a large Quantity of Valuable stores great Part of which
was removed to this Place & on the Road hither.
Just before I arrived a Considerable Body of the Enemy were
discovered by our out scouts to cross from Fort Washington
to this shore, in tw^o Bodies, a number moving fro^m the south-
ward towards Totoway Bridge & another Party was seen opposite
the Hackinsack Ferry. In Consequence of which the Genl. had
ordered a Retreat to this Place to cover the stores he had sent
forward here & prevent their marching here. I thought it
prudent considering the Movements of the Enemy & his strength
which is but about 600. It was effected in the Night. By the ^
Genl's Advice I have ordered down here Colo. Woodhull's and
Colo. McCIaghry's Regiments to this Place & Hourly expect them
in; I hope the different situation of our affairs since the issuing
of my Orders will Justify me in the Opinion of the Honorable
the Convention, in this small Deviation, from them especially as
470 Public Papers of George Clinton.
Genl. Heath cannot effect any Thing without great Risk, with-
out this small Reinforcement. I thought to have disposed of
the Remaining Regiments under my Command in the Manner
mentioned in the inclosed Letter to Colo. Allison, which I had
wrote & intended sending him but feared it might be too great a
Deviation from my Orders, therefore thought it best first to
transmit it to you & if it shoud meet the Approbation of your
Honble House begg you will forward it by Express to him.
The Reason why I wish to have a Regiment at Tappen is, not
only to protect our Friends there but if the Enemy shoud ad-
vance while we attacked them in Front, that Regt. might fall
on their Rear. The two Regim'ts from the North End of Ulster
County are not yet arrived; I mean to station them near the
■passes in the Highlands. The Tories who resid in H's'k (Hacken-
sack) were in the utmost Consternation on Genl. Heath's sudden
& unexpected Entry in Town; he had taken about 60 Torry Pris-
oners 5 Regulars in Hackinsack which he has secured & upwards
of 100 smalil arms i&ca. I am with due Respect your
Most Obed't Serv't,
G. C.
I forgot to mention that Colo. Makom's Regt. were dismissed
before I coud see him. I have shewn Genl. Heath your Order
respecting him & his Regiment but have not yet rec'd his orders.
To Honorable the president of the Convention of the State of
New York.
I enclose you a Letter I rec'd from some of the Committee of
Orange Town on my way hither.
Public Papers op George Clinton. 471
[No. 269.]
HIS INSTRUCTIONS TO COL. ALLISON.
Protect the Loyal, Retreat if a Superior Force of the Enemp is 31 et
and Strengthen the Passes in the Highlands.
Pyramus, 17th Dec'r 1776.
D'r Sir,
On Receipt hereof, you are to move with your Regiment down
to Orange Town & there continue till further Orders. You'l be
careful on your March thither to keep out proper advanced &
Flank Guards and when there, the necessary Guards & scouting
Parties to prevent your being surprized by the Enemy. You'l
give every Protection in your Power to the Friends of the United
States in that Quarter of the Country; at the same Time you'l
endeavor to discover, apprehend & secure the Enemy's of said
States who may be found lurking or under arms in that Quarter,
that they may, if taken alive, be delivered over to the Civil
Authority to be dealt with according to their Crimes, taking
special Care liowever that your Troops do not Plunder the In-
liabitants under- whatever Pretence.
If the British Troops should approach you with superior Num-
l)ers or under such advantages as to render it imprudent to give
them Battle you will in either of those Cases retreat, in Order
«o as to regain the Pass in the Highlands near Sydnams. Colo.
Heathorn's Regiment will continue where they now are & stand
ready to sustain you in Case of Necessity and tO' strengthen the
pass near Sydmans & Colo. Hasbrouck's Regiment which must
ere this have arrived, must occupy Haverstraw in order to se-
cure the Passes in the Highlands near the River & to reinforce
fort Montgomery in Case any attempt shoud be made ag't it.
Youl therefore deliver the Commanding Officers of those Regi-
ments Copies of this order that they may govern themselves
472 Public Papers of George Clinton.
accoirdingly. Yoiil take the proper steps 'to insure your being
furnished with Provisions at Orange Town & your Quarter Mas-
ter will draw the necessary Aimnunition from the Assistant
Quarter Master Genl. at Haverstraw of which you must be very
careful that if not used it may be returned. I am your
H Serv't,
Geo. Clinton.
To Colo. William iVllison.
[No. 270.]
The Enemy Advances on Aquachanonck.-
Pyramus Dec'r 19th 1776.
S'r,
I am directed by Genl. Heath to inform you, that he received
certain Information about 12 O'Clock last night, that the Enemy
had advanced as far as Aquakanack Bridge with Cannon &c.
& ordered the Inhabitants to lay down the Bridge; they will
undoubtedly pass this Morning. Would it not be well to draw
your Regiments together as they are much scatter'd. Ours have
been under Arms for some time, are dismissed for an Hour, then
to parade again. The General desires to see you at his Quart-
ers.
Your humb. Serv't,
Israel Keith A. D. C.
Genl. George Clinton.
[No. 271.]
Tlie OeneraVs Orders to Col. Allison Approved hy the New York
Convention.
Fishkill Dec'r 19th 1776.
Sir,
Your favor of the 17th instant being laid before the Conven-
tion; I am directed to acquaint you that they approve of the
Public Papers of George Clinton. 473
measures you have adopted and of the Orders you have given to
Colo. Allison, for promoting the Utility & Success of the Expedi-
tion under your Comimand. They flatter themselves that the
valuable Ends which were proposed by this Enterprise will be
happily affected. Relying on your Zeal and abilities they do not
think it necessary to give you any Directions in addition to those
with which you are furnished; a Eetreat to the Passes of the
highlands being secured every Thing else is left to your Pru-
dence. An Express is dispatched to Colo. Allison with your
Orders.
I am Sir with great Respect
Your most Obed't Servant,
By Order,
Ab'm Ten Broeck, President.
Brigadier General George Clinton.
[No. 272.]
The Inliabitants of Kingston Seek Information.
Kingston, Decemb'r 20th 1776.
D'r Sir,
As in the present Tumults and Confusion of War, the ordinary
Channels of Communication are stopt, and consequently all our
Intelligence rendered uncertain and precarious : The Inhabitants
of Kingston met with the Committee, and agreed immediately,
to dispatch an Express to you ; as the most probable source, from
whence we can derive any satisfactory Information. The Gent'n
leave it entirely in your option, how long to detain, or when to
dismiss the Bearer: And request it as a favour, that you will
transmit to them, by Him a circumstantial Account of the late
474 Public Papers of George Clinton.
movements of both Armies, and the present numbers and situ-
ation of Both.
Early embarked in the Cause of our Country from Principle as-
well as Interest, Zealous and active in every step of its Progress^
and now advanced beyond a Possibility of receding with Honour
or Safty : we anxiously wait the Event of a general Engagement^
as that which will in a great measure decide our Slavery or Free-
dom. The late Progress of the British Arms in a neighbouring
State, General Lee's Captivity, the Division of the Province of
Pensylvania, and the neutrality of the Quakers, sensibly affect^
and, not without Reason, alarm us. The Gent'n present youi
their warmest wishes for your Prosperity and Success.
By order of the Committee.
Jno. Addison.
To Brigadeer Gener'l George Clinton.
[No. 273.]
The Usual Whine from Col. Allison.
Toppon 20th Decem'r 1776.
D'r Sir,
I Just Rec'd yours By Mitchel, shall pay a perticuler attention
to your orders — but must informe you, that in compliance with
your orders, with the Bregade Major for 300 men properly offi-
cerd to march under his Direction Coll. Hethorn Regement
march'd with mine and is now in this place. Major Johnson.
agreed to send two companies but never Join'd us untill we were
Returning from Closter Last Evining; and as the people was
put to some difficulty for Quarters I Have not been able this
morning to Learn where they are, but shall (if not already gon.
direct them to Return to their Regement) and continue ColL
Public Papers of George Clinton. 47&
Hethorn's here Untill farther orders as we are but weak, believe
the two together dont consist of more than 240 men.
I am with Respect
Sir, your Humble Serv't,
Wm. Allison.
To Brig'd gen'rl George Clinton.
[No. 274.]
Ee Follows It icith a Distinct Growl.
Tappan 20th Dec'r 1776.
D'r Sir,
I am sorry to be under the necessity of troubling you with
the complaints of the Melitia posted here, many of whome I
have Reason to beleive has Left their families in a suffering con-
dition and, therefore, doubt not, but you will have the whole-
dischargd as soon as you can consistantly ; I have cairfullr
avoided discharging any that were fit for service; if you dis-
approve of what I have done or should think it advisable for
me to discharge in cases Extronary pleas to signify it.
-We have been Exceedingly disappointed about beef, and no^
salt for what Little we have had; we have this morning pro-
cured 2 or 3 small cattle which may serve about two days; txiit
are doubtfull wheither a full supply can possibly be had, should
we Ly here any Time; Coll. Hethorn is gon to Coll. Hays to
know whether any farther supplys can be had from there.
Our people say the troops with you draw feteigue Rum, and
claim An Equal Right, I have, therefore, sent a slay with which
I hope you will send some to prevent murmering; and if the
slay is not loaded with that article, and we likely to tarry here,
I would sugest wheither it would not be better to make it up
with Beef, and must beg that salt be sent if it can be had.
476 Public Papers of George Clinton.
One of our scouting parties yesterday took two known Tories
Inhabitants of Ulster County; shall keep them under guard un-
til! we Eeceive your direction concerning them.
We have a supernumary set of officers, and have been at a loss
what to do in that case, and should be glad of your direction as
it makes an additional if not a needless Expence.
I am with the greates Eespect,
Sir, your most obedient Humbl Serv't,
Wm. Allison, Coll.
To Gen. George Clinton, at Acquaconock.
[No. 275.]
And the General Responds Quickly to the Growl.
Pyramus, 20th Dec'r 1776.
D'r Sir,
The Quarter Masters of the Regiments of Militia at the New
City near Kakeate complain that they suffer for want of Pro-
vision & tell me that you decline or cannot suply them. It will
not do for them at such a Distance to draw here & even if it was
convenient I dont know that the Commissary coud furnish them
at farthest more than one Day longer, and if you cant' provide
for them I must let them Return Home. I cant think of asking
them to continue & suffer. I am your
Most Obed't Serv't,
Geo. Clinton.
To Colo. A. H. Hay.
Public Papers op George Clinton. 477
[No. 276.]
A SUCCESSFUL RAID IN NEW JEESEY.
The General Represents the Prevailing Discontent in the Militia to
the Convention,
Pjramus, 21st Dec'r 1776.
D'r Sir,
I am this Moment Favourd with the Letter of your Honorable
-House of the 17th Instant. Being sensible of the Importance of
the Passes of the Highlands, the security of them shall always be
my first object, from which I will not suffer myself for any other
Consideration however specious to be diverted. The Stores taken
at Hackensack, are now principally removed to the High-
lands or Peeks Kill and General Heath (agreable tol orders)
proposes marching with his Division Tomorrow Morning
for the latter Place. As this Movement of Genl. Heath's
will leave the pass near Sydman's Bridge without a Man, I pro-
pose marching the two Regiments I have here to Ramepough &
that Place, & to extend my Guards & Patroling Parties from
thence towards Ringv/ood & this Place. In this Way, I will give
aU the Protection to the few Friends we have in this Quarter in
my Power & at the same Time scourge our Enemies; but I cant
think it woud be adviseable to continue those Regiments so far
advanced as this as the Enemy who have a whole Brigade at &
near Ackquakanonk & New Ark might by a Forced March get
between us & the Posts we are designed to defend.
The Night before last, Genl. Parsons & myself with five hundred
of his Troops & mine, set out about Dusk on a Vissit to our Friends
in the Englissh Neighbourhood, where we were informed Colo.
Busker k's Regt.of New Levies & some Companies of Light Infantry
were Quartered. When we came to the first House in the English
Neighbourhood We detached Colo. Woodhull with 200 Men to
478 Public Papers of George Clinton.
marcli East of the settlement, thro the Fields to the Edge of
Bergen Woods, to fix Guards on the Roads Leading to Beaverdits
& Bull's Ferry & with the Rem'r of his Force to come in on the
Back of the Enemy so as to prevent their Escape while we, with
the Remainder, marched down thro the Neighbourhood. About
l)reak a Day, we surprized & took their Advanced Guard, about a
Mile from Bergen Woods. At the instant we had effected this &
were about advancing to attack their Main Body, One of their
Horse Men rode up & notwithstanding on being challenged was
fired on by one of our People; This alarmed their Party. They
turned out, fired on our People; we returned the Fire upon which
they fled & got off" before Colo. WoodhuU with his Party who
had a rough March Coud reach the Main Road. It was however
-a succesfull little Expedition. We took 23 Prisoners, 18 excel-
lent New Muskets, a Waggon & Eight Horses & killed 4 or 5. It
might have been much more so had it not been so exceeding Cold
& the Men beat out with the Lenghth of the March which the
Route we took was at least 28 Miles. I have not the Least Doubt
but we should have killed or taken the whole Party & have
cleand Bergen Woods of their Wood Cutters.
The Militia of the Counties of Ulster & Orange think it exceed-
ing hard at this Time to be all called out, while those of other
Counties equally interested in guarding the Passes of the High-
lands are exempted from any Part of the Duty. They think one
half of them, to wit, about 1,000 would be fully competent for the
Purpose & considering the Business they were first intended for is
now in a great Measure accomplished I am of their Opinion. That
Number I believe woud continue with Chearfulness. If the whole
Is kep out (tho I know they will they must submit to it if desired)
it will be with a degree of reluctance. I wish therefore I might
Public Papers of George Clinton. 479
liave Liberty to dismiss one half of them. I am sure it will be
l>est. I am distressed about Provision; how are we to be sup-
plied.
I am your
Most Obed't Serv't,
Geo. Clinton.
P. S. I forgot to mention that Fort Lee is demolished. We
were 5 Miles below it & to inform you that Colo. Ford on 19th
Inst, with 500 of his Militia attacked a much Superior Number of
the Enemy at or near Springfield, drove them & Buried 20 of their
Dead on the spot with the Loss of three wounded only. The
Enemy's main army are retreating towards Brunswick; our Peo-
ple have had several small advantageous skirmishes with them
& are in high spirits.
To the Honorable Abraham Tenbroeck Esqr.
[No. 277.]
TO PKOTECT THE EAST SHOEE OF THE HUDSON.
The Militia of Alhany, Diitcliess and Westchester Called Out and
Ordered Under Gen. Clinton's Command.
In Convention of the Kepresentatives of the State of New York —
Fishkills, December 21st 1776.
Sir,
From various intelligence received by the Convention they have
great reason to believe that the Enemy are meditating a vigorous
Expedition against the passes in the highlands on the East side
of Hudsons River, and sundry Circumstances in the operations of
the disaffected tend to confirm this apprehention.
These passes will next week be in a very defenceless Situation,
the term of the Enlistment of General Spencer's Division will
480 Public Papers of George Clinton.
then expire, and in all probability they will return Home. When
General Heath who has received orders to cross the Eiver will
arrive at Peekskill is uncertain.
The Convention have for these reasons thought it necessary to
call out all the militia of Westchester, Dutches and of all that
part of Albany which lies to the southward of Barn (Barren)
Island, and directed them to march to North Castle.
As some time will be necessary to collect and march them to
that place, and as there is reason to suspect that the Enemy mean
to take that Rout, they refer to your discretion, if the security
of the passes on your side will admit of it, the Propriety of im-
mediately detaching the whole or part of your Brigade to secure
that post, till such time as the militia of Westchester, Dutches
and Albany shall have arrived at that place and proper provision
made for defeating the Design of the Enemy.
I am, sir, with great Respect,
Your most Obedient Servant,
By Order. Ab'm Ten Broeck President.
Brig'r Genl. George Clinton.
In Convention of the Representatives of the State of New York —
Fishkill Dec'r 21st 1776.
WHEREAS, from various Intelligence received of the motions
and Designs of the Enemy's Army, it appears highly probable
that they meditate an attack upon the Passes in the Highlands on
the East side of Hudson's River,
AND WHEREAS, the Term of the Enlistment of the militia
under the command of Brigadier General George Clinton which
is at present stationed to defend the Pass at Peeks Kill expires
on the last of this month, and that of great part of the Division
Public Papers of George Clinton. 481
commanded by Major General Spencer, which is stationed at
North Castle on the 29th inst.,
AND WHEREAS, his Excellency Genl. Washington by his Let-
ter of the 15th instant has warmly recommended to this state to
exert themselves in procuring temporary supplies of militia 'till
the new Levies of the continental army can be brought into the
Field,
RESOLVED, that the whole militia of the Counties of West-
chester Dutchess and that part of the County of Albany which
lies to the southward of Beeren Island be forthwith marched to
North Castle in Westchester County, well equipped with arms
and ammunition and furnished with Blankets & six Days Pro-
visions & a Pot or Camp Kettle to every six men, except such
Persons as the field Officers of the Respective Regiments shall
judge cannot be called into service without greatly distressing
their families, or who may be actually engaged in the manufac-
turing of salt Petre, or of shoes and Cloathing for the use of the
army.
R-ESOLVED, that the said militia be allowed continental Pay
and Rations, and that such men as cannot furnish themselves with
arms shall be supplied from the continental store.
RESOLVED, that the Colonels or commanding Officers of the
respective Regiments be empowered to hire, or empress as many
Waggons or sleighs as shall be sufficient for transporting the
Baggage of their respective Regiments to their Place of Rendez-
vous.
AND WHEREAS, a Secret Committee appointed by the Con-
vention of this State on the 19th instant have in pursuance of the
authority given them, directed a number of Voluntiers to be raised
31
482 Public Papers of George Clinton.
under the command of the Colonels, Duboia^ Graham and Thomas
and Lieutenant Colonel Hammon and Captain Butcher,
RESOLVED, that all such Voluntiers be left under the Direc-
tion and command of the Officers under whom they have been
respectively engaged, and not marched out with the body of the
militia.
RESOLVED, that the said militia when called out shall be sta-
tioned at such Posts, and obey such Orders as they shall from time
to time receive from a Committee for that purpose to be appointed
by the Convention of this State.
RESOLVED that Robert R. Livingston, Henry Wisner and
Zephaniah Piatt, Esqrs. be a Committee for that purpose and that
they be further empowered to discharge from the militia such
mechanicks as the public Service, or the Necessity of the Inhab-
itants may render expedient.
RESOLVED, that a Letter be written and sent by Express to
General George Clinton, informing him that the Convention of
this State have reason to think that the Enemy have in View to
penetrate the Passes of the highlands on the East side of Hud-
son's River — that the Term of Enlistment of great part of the
Division under the command of Major General Spencer expires
on the 29th instant; And submitting to his Discretion, the pro-
priety of immediately crossing Hudsons River with the whole or
part of the militia under his command to secure the Post at
North Castle; 'till such time as the militia of Albany, Dutchess,
and Westchester shall march to that Post or a proper Provision
shall be made for defeating the Designs of the Enemy.
RESOLVED, that Major General Spencer be requested to ex-
ert his utmost Influence with Troops under his command to con-
tinue in service 'till such time as the militia of this State shall
arrive at the Post now occupied by his Division.
Public Papers of George Clinton. 483
RESOLVED, that Colo. Trumbull Commissary General of the
'Continental army, and Colo. Hugh's Assistant Quarter Master
General, be informed that a body of the militia of this state will
march to secure the Post now occupied by Genl. Spencer in
Westchester County with the utmost Dispatch; in order that
they may make a proper and timely Provision for the accomoda-
tion and subsistence of the said militia.
EESOLVED, that application be made to Colo. Chevers Com-
missary of Ordnance Stores for the Loan of as many firelocks &
Cartouch Boxes as may be necessary to equip such of the militia
now called into service as may be destitute of the same and that
this Convention will indemnify him for this loan.
Extract from the minutes.
Robt. Benson, Secr'y.
[No. 278.]
Dec. 23, 1776 — List of Prisoners Taken in Jersey on General CUn-
ton^s Recent Night Expedition.
Mens Names taken.
Hendrick E. Manuel Ramapough 1/8 of a Dollar from him.
Matach Knecht
Do
20 Dollars in paper from him-
1
David Byer
Do
2
Isaac Montanye
Do
2 Coppers
Peter Fisher
Do
1 Do Pyramus
Wm. Staat
Do
L. M. 11/ & 4 Coppers
hard money.
( 2/3 Philadelphia Currency
paper i
( 5/ York Currency.
Jacob Morris Do 1/8 of a dollar & 1 Copper
15/ York money.
Jacob Cole Do
484 Public Papers of George Clinton.
3d Wm. Winter the owner of 4 Horses & 4:\ Cows, Delaware 1/
Nero, a Negro Servant of Judge Fels.
4 Lodwick Fisher, Eamapough 1 Stock Buckle 1 Copper
& 1 Sleeve Button.
Henry Yanwinker Do 1/4 Dollar and 1 Copper.
5 Solomon Demartje Do 8/ York Currency 2 Cows^
Waggon & 2 horses.
Nicholas Yanworker Do 3 silver dollars 2 Coppers &
2/ York Currency
6 Henry Lobach Do
( John Wanemaker Do half a dollar.
i Peter Wanmaker Do 8/3 Silver L. M. 6 Coppers.
John Brown, Morris Town.
Cornelius Homer, English Neighbourhood.
William Lewis, deserted from Capt. Banker Comp'y, Colo.
Lasher's Regt,
Henry Allen, deserted from Captain Bateman's Company.
1 Lives 1^ Miles West of Mr. Sydman's has 2 Horses some
Cattle & Hogs.
2d At Pyramus near Judge Fells has some Cattle.
3 At Kakiate Considerable Property. '
4 At or near Pyramns.
5 towards Pyramus ab't 9 Miles off has Property.
6 Same Place some Property.
7 Marius Wannemaker's Sons.
Matoick Knight says that Colo. Buskerk has four Companies
commanded by Captain William Yannaten.
Colo. Buskirk, New Bridge, Hackensack
Lieut. Colo. Brown, Do
Major Ten penny, Do
Capt'n Yannauten, Do Do
Public Papers of George Clinton. 485
'Capt. Peter Retaun, Eamapougli
Capt, Yan Buskerk, Do
Oapt. Maroh, Do Do
Lieut. Wm. Dobbs, Saddle River.
2d Lieut. James Servanier, Ramapough
"^ Ensign John Babcock, Do
Serjt. John Wheeler, Do
Hans Philip Young Nesaimieus.
*Lives about 2 Miles from Sydman's & ab't ^ Mile from Park-
man's.
Wm. Pulisfell lives at Ramepough appeared at Haekensack
on Skinner's Proclamation when the Regulars were there. Taken
t)y Capt. Yan Keuren the 23 Dec'r 1776.
Jacobus Myer Do.
Note on No. 278 — by George W. Clinton. " The prisoners
named in this list were taken on the morning of Dec. 20, 1776.
They were the fruit of an expedition undertaken by Gen. Parsons
& Gen. Clinton on the night of Dec. 19 into the English neighbor-
liood in northern part of Jersey. See Gen. Clinton's letter to the
State Convention of Dec. 21, 1776."
[No. 279.]
FURTHER HONORS FOR THE GENERAL.
Appointed to Command the Expedition into Westchester County.
In Convention of the Representatives of the State of New York,
Fishkill— December 19th 1776.
WHEREAS the Condition of the Inhabitants of the County
of West Chester, exposed to the Ravages of a cruel and merciless
Enemy, loudly calls for assistance and Protection.
486 Public Papers op George Clinton.
AND WHEREAS the main body of' the Enemy have pene-
trated and are now employed in the western parts of the State-
of New Jersey, and the operations of the Troops under the Com-
mand of Genefral Heath & General G. Clinton in Orange «&
Bergen Counties have diverted the attention of the Enemy's-
Forces which were left at Fort Washington & New York to that
Quarter; And it being, therefore, conceived that an Expedition
into the County of West Chester and the Island of New York-
promises success PROVIDED it can be conducted with secrecy
vigor & Dispatch,
RESOLVED, therefore, that General George Clinton, General
Scott Mr. Duer Mr. Morris & Mr. Landon be and they hereby
are authorized & directed to pursue all such ways & Means as to-
them shall appear proper and necessary for carrying on such
Expedition, harrasing and destroying the Enemy, and protecting
the persons and property of the good subjects of this State; and
for securing the Effects of Ml those who have fled to or joined
the Enemy. And, for the purpoises aforesaid, to levy and draw
out such parts of the militia of the Counties of Dutchess & West
Chester as they may think necessary, and also to apply to the
Commanding Officer of the Continental Army for the Aid of
Continental Troops, & every other Assistance which the said
Committee shall judge expedient.
December the 21st 1776.
RESOLVED & ORDERED, that Mr. Hobart be added to the
Committee appointed on the nineteenth Instant for directing and'
carrying on a Secret Expedition in the County of West Chester.
A. M. December 23d 1776.
RESOLVED, that any Majodty of the Members of the Com-^
mittee of the Convention of this state appointed on the 19tb
Public Papers of George Clinton. 487
Instant to manage and direct an Expedition into the County of
West Chester be and hereby are authorized to manage direct and
transact every Business matter or Thing committed to that
Committee.
P. M. December 23d 1776.
On motion ordered that Mr. Moirris be excused from his attend-
ance on the Secret Co'mmittee for carrying on the intended Ex-
pedition in West Chester County.
Copied from the Minutes by
John McKesson, Secr'v.
[No. 280.]
INCOMPETENT COMMISSARIES.
The General to the Convention Sustains the Complaints of the Militia
over the Want of Supplies.
Ramepough 23d Dec'r 1776.
Sir,
In my last, I mentioned the Difficulty the Militia under my
Command in this Quarter laboured under, for want of a Com-
missary to supply them with Provisions; whole Regiments have
been Days without any, except such scanty supplies as they have
been able to purchase from the Inhabitants. Most of the Regi-
ments are out this Day. I was in hopes they might be furnished
at the Post near Sydman's Bridge; Genl. Heath from the stores
he told me was there induced me to believe so. But to my great
Disapointment I am now informed that the Commissary at that
Place says he has not more Meat (on) hand in store or purchased
than (will be) suffcient, for the two Regiments of Tyler & Hunt-
ington who are to leave this in a Day or two. If he has, he cant
issue it to us as his Appointment is confined to Parson's Brigade.
I have wrote twice to Colo. Hay on the subject representing the
488 Public Papers of George Clinton.
Difficulties we labour under & acquainting him that Convention
'expected he woud as a Commissary of their Appointm't supply
us. I sent the last Letter by Express to him yesterday but he
has never favoured me v^^ith an answer. The Militia think they
are ill used and I am sorry to say that in my Opinion they have
great Eeason to Complain. They declare they will go Home
and leave me. Many have already gone nor can I expect but
that the rest will be as good as their Word. Indeed they must
desert or starve; & however well disposed, they will not submit
to the latter. The Consequences may be fatal to the Country.
I am not to blame. I have done every Thing in my Power. I
have no further Influence over them^ nor can I, after not being
able to perform my Promises to them in the Letter by which I
called them out & which contained no more than was fully war-
ranted by the Resolve of Convention, ever think of Commanding
them. It woud be'' cruel as well as unjust to force them back
to starve nor shall I have strength (enough) left to do it.
This Moment your Letter of the 21st. with the Inclosures were
delivered me. Genl. Heath marched yesterday for Peeks Kill
where he is with his Division & all the Field Pieces before this
Time. Genl. Lincoln from Masachusets Bay is at Danburry,
or soon expected there on his Way to Peek's Kill with 6,000 Men.
The State of the Enemy's Army on this side is as follows : Les-
lie's Brigade at and near Acquakanonk & New Ark — 300 with
three Field Pieces at Hackinsack; 6 Companies of Regulars &
3 of Buskerk's, at the New Bridge arrived there yesterday Even-
ing-
The enclosed Letter from Colo. Heathorn & a Party I had
out as far as Pyramus confirm this Account, tho I am not certain
but the 300 at Hackinsack is part of Leslie's Brigade. By To-
Public Papers of George Clinton. 489
morrow, if I am not mistaken, my Numbers will not be equal
to the Enemy at Hackinsack & the Bridge. I am with due Re-
spect
Your Most Obed't Serv't.
I observe by the Resolves now sent me, two of my Colonels
and other OflScers are put under the Direction of a Secret Com-
mittee of your Honorable House. In justice to myself I begg
Leave to mention that I must Consider this as a Suspension of
my Command at least as far as it respects the Regiments & Com-
panies they command as they cannot be subject to my Orders.
I cant be answerable for the Conduct of the Brigade.
i - . • [No. 281.]
Orders Col. Hathorn to Guard Against Surprises.
Ramepough 23d Dec'r 1776.
D'r Sir,
I have received yours of this Day's Date, & approve of your
Conduct in drawing your Force into one Compact Body above the
Meeting of the three Roads. I had received this Morning, Intel-
ligence from Hackinsack nearly agreeing with yours ; but doubted
the Truth of it. I have ordered Colo. Hornbeek's Regiment to
Clarks Town; they are there before this & will be able to sustain
you. I begg you will keep out large scouting Parties who will
not only prevent your being surprized but give Protection to the
Inhabitants. I doubt not you will receive the Enemy properly
should they come your Way.*
I am
; your Most Obed't
Geo. Clinton.
You must try to supply yourselves with Provisions a few Days
when I hope we shall be provided regularly by a Commissary
490 Public Papers of George Clinton.
as I have wrote to Convention in the mo^t pressing Manner on
the Subject. I have 2 Companies at Pyramus this Day. If they
make any Discoveries you shall hear from me & I begg you will
give me the Earliest Intelligence of every new Discovery you
make of the Disposition and Strenghth of the Enemy.
(Col. Heathorn.)
* The Party Is just returned from Pyramus also say there are 300 of the Enemy in Pyramus with
S Field Pieces.
[No. 282.]
To the Convention, the General Vindicates Col. Hay and Recommends
Discharging a Portion of the Militia.
Ramepough, 24th Dec'r 1776.
Sir,
Since I wrote you yesterday, Colo. Hay has been with me and
has taken proper Measures for supplying the Troops under my
Command in this Quarter with Provisions which I hope & dont
doubt, but will be regularly done in Future. He Tells me that
he never had the least Intimation from Convention, that such a
Body of Men were order'd to this Quarter & had not made any
Provision for them «& that he never received ray last Letter which
I believe to be true.
In a former Letter to the Honorable the Convention, I men-
tioned the Propriety of dismissing Part of the Militia & retain-
ing in the service about 1000 of them. I am convinced unless
this is done their Minds will be much soured, & the Cause thereby
greatly injured, and I flatter myself that Number will be suffi-
cient to guard the Passes on this side the River & protect the well
disposed Inhabitants. For tho we have had frequent Reports of
large Bodies of the Enemy coming this Way by different Routes,
confirmed by Letters from pretended Friends in the City, &
Public Papers of George Clinton. 491
Common Eeport «& other Circumstances among the Tories, I
am convinced it was no more than an artful Contrivance, to re-
tard the recruiting service & unnecessarily harrass the Country
by drawing out the Militia, & this you will find to be the Case
■with the dreaded Expedition on your side the River. 1 am Sir
your Most Obed't Serv't,
G. C.
[No. 283.]
The Convention Bestoii'S Discretionary Poicer upon the General.
In Convention of the Representatives of the State of New York.
Fishkill Dec'r 25th A. M. 1776.
RESOLVED that General George Clinton be requested to use
liis Endeavours to engage as many of the noncommissioned ofQ-
<;ers and Privates of his Brigade now in Continental Service as
lie can, to continue in service on Continental pay & Rations under
such Officers of the Brigade as he shall appoint until the last
Day of February next.
A true Copy from the Minutes.
John McKesson, Secr'y.
[No. 284.]
In Convention of the Representatives of the State of New York.
A. M. December 25th 1776.
Sir, the Convention rec'd your Letter of the 21st Instant and
liave requested me to express their approbation of the spirited
and patriotic Conduct of the militia of the Counties of Orange
and Ulster. They are very sensible of the great Inconvenience
that calling out the whole of the Militia subjects them to, and
would, therefore, wish to relieve them as soon as possible; but,
as they have some Intimation that the Enemy expect to find the
492 Public Papers of George Clinton.
passes unguarded, & in Consequence, thereof, to attempt to pos-
sess themselves of them, they would wish to continue your Bri-
gade in the field a few days longer, until they can be relieved
by the militia that they have ordered down from the County of
Dutches and those which are hourly expected from the Eastern,
states, after which at least half of them may safely be dismissed;.
and, in the meanwhile, the Convention leave it to your discretion.-
to discharge those who cannot stay without great Injury to them-
selves or Families, being fully satisfied from their past Conduct,.
that none but those will apply for such discharge.
I am most respectfully,
Sir, your most humble serv't,
By order,
Ab'm Ten Broeck, President.
To Brigadier Genl. George Clinton.
The Convention Assures Him No Abridgment of his Command wa»
Intended.
In Committee of Safety for the State of New York,
Fishkill December 25th P. M. 1776.
Sir,
Since writing the above we rec'd yours of the 23d Instant in?
wihich you complain of the want of Provisions at which we are-
equally alarmed & surprized, since we did not doubt but that
General Heath in whose department you were, would take Care-
to see you properly supplied. We are extremely sorry to find
that we have been mistaken; and have advanced a sum of monej
to Colo. Trumbull who has appointed Mr. Wisner, and directed
him to take Care that provisions be sent you.
We are exceedingly hurt to find that you should imagine we
would abridge your Command, when your manner of exercising it
has always met with our highest approbation. By the enclosed
Public Papers of George Clinton. 493
Resolutions you will see that you are yourself a Member of the
Secret Committee, the other members of which having been in-
formed that the Regiments to which the officers you mention
l)elonged, were small & having been encouraged by them to hope
that a number of volunteers would be raised in the Counties of
West Chester & Dutches they directed them to enlist the same,
after which they proposed to consult you about their disposition
«o that your Command over the Kegiments of your Brigade was
Dot lessened, and your Power on the contrary was extended to the
volunteers that they should raise.
iWe enclose you some resolutions past this morning which from
jour Interest in your Brigade we hope you will be able to render
Effectual.
I am respectfully Sir
I Your most humble Servant,
By order of the Committee of Safety.
Ab'm Ten Broeck President.
To General George Clinton.
General Clinton Gives an Excellent Explanation for the Difflculty
in Obtaining Recruits.
Ramapough, 27th December, 1776.*
Sir — Since I wrote you yesterday Colo. Hay has been with me,
and has taken proper measures for supplying the troops under
my command in this quarter with provisions, and I doubt not but
it will be regularly done in future. He tells me that he never
had the least intimatioin from Convention that such a body of
mien were ordered to this quarter, and had not made any pro-
vision for them, and that he never received my* last letter, which
I believe to be true.
♦From the Journal of the Proceedings of the New York Provincial Congress.
494 Public Papers of George Clinton.
In a foTmer letter to the Honourable, tbe Convention, I men-
tioned the propriety of dismissing part of the militia, retaining
only in the service about 1,000 of them. I ami convinced unless
this is done their niinds will be much soured, and the cause there-
by greatly injured; and I flatter myself that num'ber will be suffi-
cient to guard the passes this side the river, and protect the well
disposed inhabitants. For thougih we have had frequent reports
of large bodies of the enemy coming this way by different routes,
and conflrmed by letters from pretended friends in the city, and
common reports and other circumstances among the tories, I am
convinced it wais no more than an artful contrivance tO' retard the
recruiting service, and unnecessarily harass the country by draw-
ing out the militia ; and this you will find to be the case with the
dreaded expedition on your side the river.
I am
Your most obedt. servt.
Greo. Clinton.
GEIEVANCES OF THE MILITIA.
The General as Willing to Command a Company as a Brigade — Cap-
ture of Two Spies and Tlieir Disposition.
Eamepough, 28th Dec'r 1776.
Sir,
I am this Moment Honored with the Convention's Commands of
the 25th Instant. I am sorry I had not sooner in my Power to
have dismissed such of the Militia whose Famillies were greatly
distressed by their Absence. It is now too late, they have gone
Home without Leave, and such Numbers have followed their Evil
Example that I doubt (was I to attempt it) whether I have
strenghth left to bringthem back Even tho I should leave the Post
Public Papers of George Clinton. 495
naked & used my whole remaining Force to effect it. Thej Com-
plain not only of not being properly supplied with Provisions
but of being deceived. They say they were called out on an Expe-
dition which from it's Nature they had no Eeason to expect woud
be of long Continuance & provided themselves accordingly, in-
stead of which they found themselves forced down to defend
certain Passes from which Duty they cant see any Prospect of
being soon relieved, while the Continental Troops who were sta-
tioned here at the Eequest of your Honorable House are moved
to Peek's Kill. I made the most of the little Influence, added to
the Authority I had over them, to induce them to continue, but
in Vain & it is with Pain I repeat it, such Numbers have deserted
me that if I continue, the Regiments I have at Orange Town {& it
would be cruel to call them from thence & leave the Inhabitants
exposed to the Enemy), il cant be answerable for the Defence of
this Post, especially in our present scattered situation, occupying
a Compass of more than six Miles round; & this is unavoidable as
there is not a single Barrack finished for the Troops to live in &
the Weather too cold to lay in Tents and tho there is a Redoubt &
Lines so far compleated as to be well defended w^e have not a
single Piece of Artillery.
Indeed were an Equal Number of the Enemy only to attack us
they would be under equal if not superior advantages with us.
This being the Case we can give but little Protection to the Inhab-
itants for whose Distressed situation I feel most sensibly. I have
this Day sent an Officer out of each Company to bring up the
Militia who have left me or have not come out; & as I coud
not spare a force from here for this Purpose I have ordered Colo.
Pawling to march out a sufficient Detachment of the Regiment of
my Brigade at New Windsor to apprehend the Refractory, in Case
496 Public Papees of George Clinton.
any such there may be who dare refuse to obey the Command of
their Officer in this Way.
I am apt to believe they will [be] brought back & I am deter-
mined the Law shall be obeyed, be the Consequence what it may.
Day before yesterday I wrote to Colo. Hay requesting 'himi to
embody the Militia of this County & join me in which Case & if
my People Return I flatter myself I shall be able to drive the
Rebels out of this Quarter. By Accounts confirmed from differ-
ent Quarters & People of Different political Charecters, about 500
& some say 800, of the Enemy consisting of Highlanders & Bus-
kerk's Regt, entered Hackinsack Wednesday Evening imprisoned
& basely abused the few well disposed Inhabitants who they
found there. I have not yet heard of their attempting to come
farther & I am only able at present to do more than send out large
scouting Parties to protect the Inhabitants at & about Pyramus
& discover the Motions of the Enemy.
On Wednsday Night laist one (of) my scouting Parties took Peter
Quackenboss & Benj'n Babcock Prisoners near the New Bridge;
they had just came from the Enemy and had assisted them in
moving up their Baggage to Hackinsack; the Latter was pos-
sessed of an Original Letter from Gov'r Tryon (which is a farther
full Evidence of his Villainy), and a Receipt signed by Babcock to
one, Grant, for Eight Pounds for asisting to bring in Recruits to
the Royal Army ; both these Papers with others taken with them
I now enclose you; the Prisoners I have here closely confined &
Will forward as soon as I can spare a Guard or hang, I an't cer-
tain which.
I have wrote to my Colonels to use their Infiuence to detain
their Regim'ts in the service the Time mentioned in your Resolve ;
had it been sooner attempted I am sure it might have beea
Public Papers ,of George Clinton. 497
•effected & coud I be present I flatter myself it might even now.
I am not Jealous of Power; I woud as leave Command a Com-
pany as a Brigade; I wish my Kegiments to be commanded by
those & in that Way which they are likely to do the public most
service. I wish not however to be answerable for the Conduct
of others tho they may be as I doubt not your Committee are
much miore Competent to the Task. I must confess however I
<;ant so well understand horn my Command is to be increased by
jour Resolve nor do I wish it shoud.
I am your Most Obed't
Geo. Clinton.
JTo the President of the Convention of the State of New York.]
Colo. Hay was with me since writing the above; will do his
utmost to imbody the Militia but they are few in Num'ber & not
anuch to be expected from them.
[No. 285.]
Major' Jansen Ordered to March to Ramapo.
Eamapough, Decemb'r 26th 1776.
D'r Sir,
I am Directed to order you to move the Regiment under your
Command as near this Place as you can conveniently quarter
them. The houses from Severyn's Tavern at this Place down to
Kakiate are not occupied by any other Troops. I wou'd have you
iDe as expeditious on your March as possible.
From S'r Your Friend & Humb'e Serv't,
Albert Pawling,
Maj'r of Brigade.
To Maj'r Jansen.
32
498 Public Papers of George Clinton, '^
[No. 286.] , ;
Gen. Clinton Asks the Go-operaiion of Golonel Day.
Kamepough, 26th Dec'r, 1776.
Sir,
I am just now credibly informed tliat about 500 of the Enemy
consisting of Highlanders and Buskerk's Regiment of New Tory
Levies yesterday afternoon entered Hackinsack & committed
many Acts of Cruelty on the few well disposed Inhabitants of
that Place; and uniless proper Measures are speedilly taken to
prevent, it is more than probable they will extend their Depre-
dations to the adjacent Neighbourhoods. I am stationed here
with Part of the Militia of the Counties of Ulster & Orange of
the State of New York & principally intended to^ guard the
Passes of the Highlands At the same Time to overawe the dis-
afected Inhabitants. This I am heartilly disposed tO' do; but
my Numbers are too' small to effect it. As I am obliged to ex-
tend my Guards to Orange Town & Cloister which so scatters
my Force that I have not sufficient Numbers left to march out
against the Enemy, consistent with the safety of the Passes I
have most particularly in Charge. I submit it to you, Sir,^
whether the Militia of your County in this Quarter ought not to
he immediately called out, & imbodied for their own Defence, in
which Case I will add such strenghth to them from my Brigade
as will be competent for driving those Paricides out of your
Country. I believe many of your People will chearfully join us-
if ordered which I wish may be speedilly done.
I am your most Obed't Serv't,
G. C.
To Colo. Theunis Day.
Public Papers of George Clinton. 499-
[No. 287.]
Col. Allison Fears the JiliUtia Will Go Home in Three Days. .
Tappan, 27th Decem'r 1776.
D'r Sir,
Our people here are manv of them in the utmost distress about
their families and other affairs at home at this severe season;
their complaints are most desperate, and, if true, which I Bel'e
many of them are, we are to all Intents and purposes distroying
OUT best subjects; and, I must say, am afraid many women &
children together with their cattle will suffer, if not perrish, and
am sorry to Informe you that In spite of all our Efforts, I am
convinc'd the Melitia will go home Bodily, Before three Days,
the consequence of which is obvious to Every man of the Least
desernment, and wish with all my heart some timely measures
had been taken to prevent such a fatal consequence. I Intend
marching Early in the morning to the place you have been pleas'd
to assighn me, but Expect from what I can gether from my In-
ferioT officers to be Very weak.
I am with the greatest Kespect,
Sir, your obedient Humble Serv't,
Wm. Allison.-
(Gren. George Clinton). /
[No. 288.]
Vouchers for Work Done in the Highlands.
Dec'r 27 1776.
This May Cartify that Lt. Abigah Kogers Came to this place
the first Day of December with twenty eight men and worked
at making Chovodefreas [chevaux de frise] and other frames for
-500 Public Papers of George Clinton.
tlie obstructing of the Navigation of Hudsons Eiver, till Decem-
ber 26, exept one man that was Discharged Dec'r 18.
Thos. Machin Engeneer.
'To the Honourable Maj. GeneraJl Heath,
Fort Montgomery, August 1st 1776.
This is to Certify that I Have Agreeable to an order Eeceived
From Brig'r Genl. George Clinton, Inployed Mr. Dan'll Clerk
with his Sloop in Contenantel Servise in Transporting of Militia
Troops to Fort Montgomery. Enter'd Servise the 20th of July
-and discarg'd the 29th of July Both Days Included.
Jonathan Hasbrouck, Coll.
Serves don for the Congress by Samuel Clark and Benjemin
'- Lewis & July ye 14th 1776.
by order of Colo. Jonathan Hasbrouck, The Sloop Speedwell
inplyed in Caring & Quartring troops at Fort Montgommery Six-
teen Days at 24 S per day.
Jonathan Hasbrouck, Coll,
£19-4-0
This is to Certify that Ellijah Lewis with his Sloop has been
Employed by me Agreeable to an order Rece'd of Genii. George
Clinton, and ware in Servise of the Garrison Att Fort Mon-
. gomery for 25 Days.
Pr. me
Jonathan Hasbrouck, Coll,
Fort Mongomery, August 1st, 1776,
This is to Certify that I Have Agreeable tO' an order R'd of
Brig'r Genii. George Clinton, Imploy'd Mr. Samu'l Clark whith
his Vessle in Publick Servise in Transporting of Troops To Fort
Mongomery. Enter'd Servise the Twenty First of July & Dis-
oharg'd the Sixth Both days Included.
Jonathan Hasbrouck, Coll.
Public Papers op George Clinton. 501.
[No. 289.]
Robert Erskine Vouches for James Ward, as a Whig, to the General.
Eingwood, Decemiber 28tli 1776.
Sir,
James Ward, who lives near Long pond has applied to me for a
Character, in order to his being discharged out of Custody, he-
being taken, ailong with Zophar Beach, at whose house he was at
work making shoes, when Beach was apprehended.
With respect to him I can only say, that he turned out last
summer with the Militia, and had in general the Character of
being a friend to America, and tho' I have not seen him lately,
yet I have not heard any thing to his prejudice, or that he had
Changed his sentiments.
I am Sir
Your most obedient hum'e ser't,
Robt. Erskine.
(Gen. George Clinton.)
[No. 290.]
Militia Ordered to Tappan.
Sir,'
I am directed by General George Clinton to order you immedi-
ately to embody your Regiment and march down to Tapaan
(leaving such whose absence will be greatly injurious to their
Families and Interest at Hoime,) and there wait for further
Orders. Colo. Dye, of Bergen County, has been requested to call
out & embody his Militia who has given the necessary Orders.
for that Purpose.
I am Your Humb'e Serv't,
Albert Pawling,
Major of Brigade.
Decemb'r 28th 1776,
Ramapough.
-502 Public Papetrs of G-eorge Clinton.
[No. 291.]
The General Pleads with the Militia and Incidentally Complains of
Them.
Ramepough, 27tli Dec'r, 1776.
D'r Colonel,
I have this Moment received a Resollve of the Convention of
the State of New York of which the inclosed is a Copy.* Until
our Ne'W Army is recruited & ready to take the Field, the Militia
must defend the Country or suffer it to be overun by the Enemy.
I most ardently wish, therefore, that our Brigade whose Charec-
leir stands high both in the Army & Country would consent to
contlinue in the Service till the further Time mentioned in the
Resolve. If they are dismissed at the End of the Time for which
they were engaged, they will become Part of the Militia & be
subject to be called out as such, which is now actually the Case
with that Part of Scott's Brigade which were raised in the
Counties of Ulster & Orange who are now here with the Militia.
If ours Continue they will be subject only to the same Duty &
justly acquire that Appllause & Credit which they so shamefully
lost by a Contrarry Conduct. Youl therefore, use your Utmost
Influence to induce your Regiment to continue in the Service
of their Country till the last Day of February in which Case you
may assure them every Reasonable Indulgence in my Power
to grant. I am much distressed at the Militia's deserting me in
the manner they do; some Regiments are gone off almost to a
Man. I have this Day sent an Officer out of each Company to
bring them back to their Duty & have directed them to call on
you for Aid if necessary; in which Case you will Conduct your
*Copy not found. The proceedings of the Committee of Safety of New York from
JDecember 14, 1776, to January 1, 1777, are missing.— State Historian.
Public Papers of George Clinton. 503
«elf agreable to the inclosed Order,* which I think may answer
^ood Purpose in the Neighbourhood that you are possess'd of.
I am your
Most Obed't Serv't,
Geo. Clinton.
P. S. I wO'Ud just add, shoud the Brigade continue this Month
longer it will enable them in that Time to receive their Arrears
of Pay while in the service as the month they reengage for, will
I imagine be paid by the state. As to the Appointment of the
OflScers in Case the whole Kegiment dont continue I submit to
jou.
<Col. Pawling.)
[No. 292.]
Col. Hathorn Dwells Upon the Discontent Among the Militia.
Taupaun, 27th December 1776.
Dear Sir,
Words cannot Express the Situation that I am in here with
Kespect to the Regiment; there is a pretty General determina-
tion amongst them to go home at all Events. I use every Ar-
gument, in my power, with them, to frustrate their Imprudent
Intention. I hope to Restrain them another day or Two in which
time purpose to Execute your order, in Marching my little Regi-
ment to Closter; my People to a Man seems to appear firm in
promoteing & carrying into Execution every Command for the
purposes for which we are ordered to this place.
I beg leave at the same time to Inform you, that it is distress-
ing to a number of the militia of my Regiment, to be kept so
long (in this Season) from thier domestick affairs at home, to-
gether with the Great difficulties & hardships they now undergo,
being almost barefooted & many nearly naked for Cloaths.
Pray Sir, Use your Influence in obtaining Liberty for the peo-
504 Public Papers of George Clinton.
pie to return home. I am sorry to be obliged to declare that it
will not be in my power to keep them more than three days-
longer. You may Best assured that I shall Carefully Conform
to every (one) of your Orders, and have the Honour to be with
greatest Esteem,
Your Obe't Serv't in hast,
John Hathorn OoL
[To Gen. George Clinton,]
THEY HAD NOT HEARD THE NEWS FROM TRENTON.
But Gen. Clinton Begs Allison and Hathorn to Keep Their Mem
Together for a Few Days Longer.
Ramepough, Decem'r 28th 1776.
D'r Colonels,
I received your Letters of the 27th Instant both nearly of the-
same Purport. I am fully sensible of the Distress the Militia
labour under by being called out and detained so long from Home
in this season of the year. I early mentioned it in a Letter to
Convention & have since repeated it in two others, mentioning^
my Fears that unless I had Leave to dismiss a Part of them
that they woud be disgusted & desert, from which I feared the-
worst of Consequences, I did not receive an Answer untill last
Night, (before which Time two thirds of them have left me as
I predicted); the Convention begg they conjure us to continue
a few Days longer in which Case they promise to relieve at least
one half of us; in the Mean Time they consent I shoud dismiss
such as whose Famillies are much Distressed by their Absence.
We are already to weak in numbers to do this consistent with
the safety of the Country, but I have ordered home an Officer
out of each Company from every Regiment to bring up the Ab-
sentees that upon their Arival I may dismiss as many as I can*
of those now present. This I begg you will also do, but for
Public Papers of George Clinton. 505
Beaven's sake, for the sake of your Bleeding Country, keep your
Men together a few Days longer; dont let them basely Desert
so honorable Cause & suffer our Enveterate & Cruel Enemy to
plunder & distress our Friends. A Party of the Rebels were up
last Night at Pyramus took 6 or 7 of our Friends there & plun-
dered several Famillies. I have ordered out the Militia on the
south side of the Mountains in Orange County & wrote to Colo.
-Dye to imbody the Militia of Bergen. I am yours sincerely,
' ■ ^ [G. C]
To Colonels Allison & Heathorn.
[No. 293.] ■ ' • ";
; ' Relative to Pay Bolls.
Peekskill, Dec'r 29 1776.
S'r,
In the absence of Coll. Graham I send you our pay Abstrats
& Rolls for the months of Nov'r & December with a pay abstract
for 3 Days for our Return home. In the Last abstract Capt.
Teller who Lives near this place, one Serjeant & a few privates,
who Joined our Regt. from Westchester are not Included, & in
the two first, Lieut. Edget the cowardly Deserter, is not In-
■cluded; the Last Abstract for 3 Days is taken from the Capt's.
Pay Rolls as they are at the End of December. S'r, My Brother
the Adjutant and I have made the Abstracts, and Examined
the pay Rolls with so much Exactness that I hope ^-ou will Dis-
pacth Coll. Cooper with the utmost Expedition.
I am S'r your most Hum'e Serv't,
Roswell Hopkins.
To Genl. Geo. Clinton.
N. B. Our Abstracts are in Lawful money but some of the
Rolls are (in) *Lawful & some in York.
•MSS torn.
506 Public Papers of George Clinton.
[No. 294.] ,
COL. HATHOEN'S CONFIDENCE IN HIS COMMAND.
Disposed to March Toward the Enemy in Spite of the Superior Force
I of the Latter. '■
Closter, 29th December 1776.
D'r Sir,
Your favour of the 28th Inst. I received which Informs me that
a way is provided for the Relief of the Militia now in Service
here. I promise myself the happiness of keeping my Regiment
a few days longer. I am well persuaded that nothing will be
able to move people but pure necessity.
I beg leave to inform you that nothing Else would have stopt
my Regiment from going home in one body, than my adopting
the plan which you recommend for which Conduct I ask your
pardon for Executeing before I first Received your order.
I further inform you that we have Certain Intelligence of a
party of the Enemy being posted at the New Bridge; the ac-
counts as to the Numbers is Various but from the best I appre-
hend there is about 4 or 5 Hundred Includeing the new Raised;
Troops.
If they should pay us a visit I hope (to) Recieve them properly
If we are timely apprized & not overnumber'd; my Regiment ap-
jiears high Spiritted can hardly prevent them from marching
towards the Enemy notwithstanding their superior force.
I am fully Convinced was there a party of the Militia of Orange
& Ulster to force a march on a sudden might put them to the
Rout. Nothing would give me so great pleasure as to give them
a Rally before we are dismissed, as I am loth to go home without
attempting something of the kind.
I further beg leave to Inform you that we lye here in some
danger as the Enemy no doubt has full Intelligence as to our
Public Papers op George Clinton. SOT
numbers & situation for a Kaschal bel'g to Col. Ellison's Regi-
ment, deserted to the Enemy who was well acquainted with our
numbers, haveing acted in the Cappacity of a Dep'y Quarter Mas-
ter, for both Regiments & had a number of Returns with him.
I have nothing more to Communicate at present but my best
Respects.
Your Obed't Serv't,
John Hathorn, CoL
(Gen. George Clinton.)
[No. 295.]
The Enemy^s Force at Hackensack.
Toppon Dec'r 30 1776.
S'r,
As I have the Honour at present to command a Regiment in
your Brigade I look upon it my duty to convey every peice of
Inteligence respecting the situation & designs of the Enemy that
comes to my knowledge; therefore, I am to inform you that this^
morning I prevaild on an Inhabitant of this Town, who I am well
inform'd is a warm friend to our Cause & who has Friends &
acquaintance in Hackensack, to go down & learn what number of
Arm'd Men was about the Town ; he went & has returnd with the
following Inteligence Viz: That he went within about three^
miles of the New Bridge & was there informd by a man of
undoubted Friendship, & knowledge, that he was every day in
Hackensack & was in company with the Regular Officers & that
there were about twelve hundred British & Hessian Troops &
about 400 arm'd Tories ; that they were perfectly acquainted with
our strength & situation & that he had the utmost reason to be-
lieve that they intended to make a visit to Closter to morrow &
80 proceed to this place where they intended to fix their Lines.
§08 Public Papers of George Clinton.
I have sent the news to Col. Hathorn, who no doubt will put
himself in the best posture of defence & I hope I shall endeavour
to give him all the assistance that my small undisciplin'd Regi-
ment conssisting of about 150 men can afford; mean time, beg
leave to propose to your Honour whither it would not be advisea-
ble to order an immediate reinforcement this way.
I am with the utmost respect
Your Most Obedien Serv't,
Benj'n Tusten.
General Clinton.
P. S. I am not at liberty to name my author.
THE GENERAL DISCREDITS THE FIGURES.
And ParentJietically Disposes of Washington's Great Victory at
Trenton in Forty-three Words.
Ramepough, 30th Decem'r 1776.
D'r Sir,
I was favoured with yours by Express at Break of Day this
Morning. I am oblidged to you for the Pains you have taken to
discover the strenghth & situation of the Enemy and for immedi-
atly communicating the Intelligence, tho I dont know how to
Credit it. The Accounts I receive daily from different Quarters
& Persons, that seem to deserve Credit, vary so much that none
are to be depended on; however, the highest Accounts any of them
give of the strenghth of the Enemy at Hackinsack & the Bridge
is the Regim't taken at St. John's & Part of another making
about 500, & Buskerk's New Levies which dont amount to two.
I had scouting Parties last Night & Night before below
Pyramus; that of last Night is just returned; the Intelligence
they have received of the Enemy at Hackinsack differs exceed-
ingly from yours; the highest dont make their whole Numbers
Public Papers of George Clinton. 50^
including Tories exceed 500 & indeed many not near the least
Number. However, it is good to guard against the most & by all
Means prevent surprize by keeping out Day and Night Patrolling
Parties far Advanced, & vigillent Gentries. I have ordered out
the Militia of Orange on the south side of the Mountains to rein-
force you, & I wrote yesterday to Golo. Heathorn impowering you
to meet & make any new Disposition of the Different Regts. in:
your Quarter you might judge necessary, which is all I can do at
present. It is not my fault; 1 cant do more. Had the Militia
turned out & Continued with me, we coud have drove those Para-
cides out of the Country but alas many have basely deserted me.
Genl. Wr.shington's Army on the 27th* Instant attacked the
Enemy at Trenton & took 919 Prisoners; 6 Brass Gannon; 1300
stand of small arms, with many other Valuable stores; killed 50;.
with the loss on our side of 3 only; this is true.
I am yours sincerely,
Geo. Clinton.
(Col. Benj'n Tusten)
[No. 296.]
Robert Er shine Writes to the General in Regard to Henry Tice and'
His Brothers.
\ Ringwood, December 30th 1776.
Dear Sir,
The Bearer, Mr. Henry Tice, has applied to me on a very pecu-
liar occasion. Concerning him and his Brothers I can only in-
form you, that they were all very hearty in their Country's Cause
last summer and turned out with the Militia; he seems sorry for
what he has been induced to do, which he tells me he has vol-
untarily Confessed to you, the reinstating him into favour may,^
♦This date Is inaccurate. The battle of Trenton was fought December 26th, 1776.— State Historian^
^510 Public Papers of George Clinton.
therefore, be of service, but in such a case as this I cannot pre-
sume to advise; beg leave therefore to Conclude that I am
Dear Sir
Your most obed't hum'e ser't,
Robt. Erskine.
<(Gen. George Clinton)
[No. 297.]
Col. Hathorn Nahs Four Tories.
Closter 31st December 1776.
D'r General,
Herewith I send you four persons taken yesterday by one of
my Scouts viz. John Acker, Peter Bonter, Daniel Forshee &
John Lockman. Acker & Bonter are Inhabitants of the English
Neighbourhood and from Account I can Collect are Grand &
Active Tories as Acker is proved Guilty of Aiding & assisting
the Enemy in their March from Closter to the Nev7 Bridge and
also assisted in taking three persons & Carrying them to Fort
Lee or Powles Hook. I am fully Convinced that he is a person
Injurious to the Rights of America. Bonter is also Charged
with being unfriendy; his General Character is agreeable to
the Charge, and has been in the Ministerial Service with his
Waggon some time.
Daniel Foshee, appears to be a Tobacconist; that he lives in
New York, his Wife & part of his Family is at Taupaun, he was
apprehended last Evening driving Fatt Cattle to New York, he
says for the Use of his family but Query, his family is princi-
pally here; however, he has been here on the same Arrant be-
fore, under pretence of Visiting his family. I am fully sattisfied
that unless a stop is put to these kind of people, having Inter-
course among us, our Situation here is very dangerous. Lock-
Public Papers of George Clinton. 511
man was taken with Foshee driveing the Cattle. I have one
Steer that was Taken, which shou'd be glad to know what to do
with the other Cattle the Guard being so small, by some means
got away.
This Moment Intelligence came from ye New Bridge to advise
the Inhabitants to drive their Cattle & Stock away, which they
are Effecting as this night the Enemy Intends an attack upon
ns; he acquaints that there is a Large Reinforcement came to
that place. ,
I am determined not to leave my post unless forced from it;
our fatigue, D'r S'r, is too Great, our body very simall but I be-
lieve very Good ; we hear the Regulars' Drums, Twice a day, very
plain. I also Inform you that I have not more than 120 Effective
m.en in the Regiment, therefore, you may Easily Judge my Pres-
ent Situation.
I am with every mark of Esteem yours &c &c.
John Hathorn.
N. B. The Evidence against these Persons are Principally
X)avid Demoirest. But the nighbours & their acquaintance are
loath to tell the Truth or Even to say anything about them.
((Gen. George Clinton)
[No. 298.]
Gouverneur Morris Requests a Pass for Mistress Howard.
Fishkill 31st Dec'r 1776.
Dear Genl.
The Bearer of this Letter Mrs. Howard, applied by Letter to me
to obtain Leave for her Removal to New York with two Children
of her Sister's who is now there, and she unable to maintain
them in this Country. The Woman I know, as she has been an
512 Public Papers of George Clinton.
House Keeper in the Families of my Sisters and always behaved
well. The House I could not attend personally at that time,
but sent the Letter when it was, as the President informed me,,
referred without an order to my Discretion whether she was-
dangerous or not. The Convention being too busy at present
in Matters of Consequence to take up so trivial an affair is the
only Keason why I did not get their positive order, which would
have been more agreable to me than the other. As it is I would
be glad you would let her have a Passport to Hackinsack by
which Rout she intends going to the City. I have given her a
sealed Letter to Mr. Wilkins in answer to one I received praying
me to come in and accept a Pardon which you will or will not
peruse as you have Leisure and Inclination. I congratulate
you on the Success at Trenton. God send us more of it. We
are about making you a Major General. God bless you. Adieu.
yours
Gouv. Morris.
(Gen. George Clinton) '
Note by Gen. Clinton : " gave Miss Jane Howard a pass to go to-
N. York with a girl of 9 years old & a small Child, 10th Feb'r, 1777
agreable to the above Letter."
[No. 299.]
Permit to James Sat/re to Go to Long Island for His Property. *^
State of New York.
Mr. James Sayre, a Refugee from Long Island, having left at
his former Place of abode Household furniture & other Property
which he is desirous of bringing off, is hereby permitted to pass
to Long Island & return for the above Purpose. This Permis-
•Date not given.
Public Papers of George Clinton. 513
sion is not to be considered as a licence to bring off from the
Island any Articles for the Purpose of Traffic; and, as he must
necessarily pass thro' the State of Connecticut, it is recommended
to him to apply to his Excellency, Gov'r Trumbull, for his appro-
bation of the measure.
[No. 300.]
List of Articles SJiipp'd for Fort Constitution ty Order of* Genl.
Clinton. (Date not Given).
1 Grind Stone 25 Shovels
25 Augurs 25 Spades
f) Gouges 6 Hand Saws
20 X Cut Saws 4 Crow Bars not delivered
i & ^ Tons Iron 6 Adzes
227 lb. Steel short 12 lb. 22 X Cut Saw files
50 Pick Axes 6 Hand Saw files
Note by Gen. George Clinton: "A List of Articles rec'd from
D. Q. M, Genl. for obstructing river."
*Noie by George W. Clinton: " The Convention voted a supply of axes &c. Nov. 30,
1776. An Inventory of axes at Ft. Montgomery was taken Dec. 7, 1776 preparatory, I
presume, to ascertaining how many more tools would be wanted, & bo in the course of
December it may be well inferred, this supply was obtained."
33
MANUSCRIPT VOL. II.
1777.
[No. 301.]
Journal of Mai'ch of Col. McClaghry^s Regiment into Jersey.
(January 1, 1777.)
A Jornal of the Campain of Coll. James McCloughey's Regt.
Down to the Jersyes;
On Dec'r 13th, 1776, Marched from home and Quarter'd at
Junes in Smith's Clove;
14th, Marched over the Mountain and Quarter'd at Van How-
ten's in New Hempstead;
15th, Made Returns;
16th, Procured Provisions;
17th, got orders to march;
18th, March'd to Pyrammus and Quarter'd Happers;
19th, sent a Detachment of 550 men, sent to the English Neih-
bourhood out of our Regt. 150;
20th, at Night Brought in 23 Toryes, 19 stand of Arms, 1
Waggon and 9 Horses; i
21th, Nothing strange; ;
22th, March'd to Ramerpugh, saidJ Night Mounted A Capt'n
guard;
23th Nothing;
24th, Slauterd Three fatt Cattle;
516 Public Papers of George Clinton.
25th, general orders to give no more fui;lows, several Capts.
furlow at their own Risk; A Court Marshall held at Sufferance
(Sufferns); out of our Regt. Major Phillips & 5 Capts; at Night
a scout Required, Consisting of 1 Maj'r & a Cpt'n's gaurd; when
Paraded orders Countermanded; the Evaning Ensued with De-
lightfull sports; full flowing Bowls & Jolly Souls, Spirits Eli-
vated with Liquer, and Harts Inflam'd by the Beauty of woman,
Two Engagees, the Third Carryes away the Prise; great Dis-
appoint Ensues;
26th, Snow storm all Day, Clears up at Night; And'w Mc-
Cord Appointed Qu'r Mt,
27th, A Scout of 50 men sent toward Hackensack for observa-
tion out of our Regt, to be gain'd By the like number out of
Coll. Woodhull's Regt; they go as far as Pyramus Church, Re-
turn at Night, Brings News the Enemy are within a few miles
of "that Place; Genr. Clinton Calls A Counsel of war, Determins
to send one Commission'd officer out Each Company to Bring
Back the Deserters & the Remainder of the Regt. John Roben-
son Hat fasioned.
28th, one officer sent out of Each Company to Bring up Dellin-
quents and Deserters to Return Jenuary 1th 1777.
Sunday 29th, A Sco(u)ting Party of about 600 men, with 32 of
the Sopas Light Horse, sent under the Command of Major ;
made little or no Discovery; at Coll. McCloughry's Quarters we
form a guard of Officers & stand our turns as sentinels these two
Nights Past.
Public Papers op George Clinton.
517
[No. 302.]
Returns of Col. HoornheeJc^s Regiment.
A Report of the Several Companies under the Command of
Collo. Jacob Hornbeck — Tappan Jan'y 1st 1777.
Companies.
Capt«.
present.
Subts.
present.
Pubts.
absent.
a
s
o
a
O
'6
P
o
Capt. C. Brodhead's
Capt. J. Hasbrouck's
Capt. F. Schoonmaker's
Capt. A. Bevier's
Capt. P. Ransom's
Capt. J. Schoon maker's
Capt. J. Hardenbergh's
Capt. Jno. Hasbrouck's
Capt. B Kortregt's
1
i
1
3
i
1
i
1
1
2
3
1
2
1
2
1
1
i
1
2
12
4
17
15
10
5
14
2
6
1
1
4
3
8
6
5
9
6
2
7
2
17
1
1
8
15
n
21
13
21
26
38
25
26
34
35
S8
28
Total
3
14
6
85
2
50
89
25
Tappaan January 1st 1777.
Honor'd S'r,
After my Best Respects to j^ou and wishing you a happy New
year, I send a Return of my Regiment, By which you may see
how weak the Regiment is, Caused by Dayly desertion of the
men, so that I am at present unable sufficiently To Gaurd the
Inhabitants I am stationed; in Case any of the Enemy should
offer to make an attack here, whereon I shall wait for your fur-
ther Derections.
Colo. Tusten was with me last Night, who Informed me that
Colo. Heathorn moved yesterday his Rigiment from Clooster, to
Orange Town or Near to it as he Expected to be attacked.
I am, S'r, with Great Esteem your
most obedient Humbly Serv't,
Jacob Hoornbeek.
[To General George Clinton.]
518 Public Papers of George Clinton.
[No. 303.]
TO DRAFT ONE THOUSAND MEN.
And Gen. Clinton Ordered to Take Them from Four River Counties^
by Order of the New YorTc Convention.
In Committee of Safety for the State of New York ;
Fishkill, January 1st 1777.
RESOLVED, that Brigadier G-eneral George Clinton be ordered
& impowered immediately, to direct the raising of one Thousand
Men by drafts or in such other ways as may to him appear most
equitable and Expeditious out of the Counties of Dutches, Ulster,
Orange and West Chester, to continue in Service till the last day
of March next.
RESOLVED, That the Committees of the respective Counties
above mentioned^, together with the Generals and field officers of
the Militia in their respective Counties, do assist in raising the
said One thousand men.
RESOLVED, that they be raised out of each County in the
following proportions, three tenths by Dutches, two Tenths by
West Chester, two Tenths by Orange and three Tenths by
Ulster.
RESOLVED, That the Troops so to be raised be divided into
two Regim'ts and that the Officers of the said Regiments be nomi-
nated to this Convention by General George Clinton out Of the
Officers of those four Counties who have heretofore been in
Service.
RESOLVED, that such Men belonging to General George Clin-
ton's Brigade as have reinlisted until the last day of February
next be considered as part of the said two Regiments, and de-
ducted from the proportion to be raised in the several Counties
to which they respectively belong. And that after the said last
Public Papers of George Clinton. 519
day of February they be discbarged and if necesisary otbers raised
in their stead from the said Counties respectively.
EE SOLVED, that the above Troops be allowed Continental
pay and Rations.
RESOLVED, that whenever any soldier belonging to the above
mentioned Regiments shall reinlist in either of the Continental
Battalions to be raised in this state that he should be suffered to
join the Battalion in which he is so enlisted.
RESOLVED, that a Copy of the above Resolutions be sent by
Express to General George Clinton. That he be further in-
formed that the Convention have requested Major General Heath
to take effectual Measures to Guard the passes in the High
Lands on both sides of Hudson's River, and acquainted him with
the difficulty of retaining the Militia of Uister & Orange Counties
any longer in Service.
RESOLVED, that Brigadier General Scott and William Duer
Esquire be a Committee to converse with Genl. Heath on the
Matters contained in the Letter to his Excellency, General Wash-
ington, on this subject, and that he be furnished with a Copy
thereof, and be requested to defer his March till an answer is
obtained thereto or some effectual Means provided for the Secu-
rity of the Passes in the High Lands.
RESOLVED, that the men under the Command of Lieutenant
Bower being enlisted to remain in the District of the Manor of
Livingston ought not to be removed.
RESOLVED, that Brigadier General George Clinton, with the
aid of the General & Field Officers and of the Committees of the
said respective Counties do devise and Carry into Execution such
Measures as shall appear to them most effectual for arming such
520 Public Papers of George Clinton.
of tbe said One thousand Men during the service aforesaid as are
destitute of arms.
RESOLVED, that one penny per mile be allowed to each non-
Commissio'ned Officer and private of the said one thousand Men
in Lieu of all Eations, on their March from their respective abodes
to the place of Rendevouz.
* (RE SOLVED, That the Secretaries prepare copies of these
resolutions to be transmitted to General Heath and General
George Clinton.)
* (RE SOLVED, That the committee of the Convention appointed
to procure clothing for the Continental troops raising in this State
be, and they hereby are, directed and empowered to take such of
the clothing now in the possession of Mr, Grant, storekeeper at
Fishkill, as will be sufficient to complete the clothing of the said
troops, and that the Committee of Safety will indemnify Mr.
Grant for the delivery thereof.)
* (ORDERED, That the said committee do proceed on the busi-
ness above mentioned, and do with all possible despatch, return
to this Committee, an inventory of the goods by them taken as
aforesaid, countersigned by the said storekeeper, (they giving to
him a receipt for the said goods^) to the end that the said inven-
tory, together with these resolutions, be transmitted to His Excel-
lency .General Washington, and to the Quarter-Master-General.)
* (ORDERED, That a mittimus be issued for committing Gap-
tain Ford to the jail of Dutchess county at Poughkeepsie, there
to remain till he be thence discharged by due course of law.)
Extract from the Minutes.
John McKesson, Secr'y.
* Not In Clinton MSS. Taken fron; the Journal of the Provincial Convention.
Public Papers of George Clinton. 521
[No. 304.]
The General Acts Promptly upon the Orders of the Convention.
Fishkill— January 2d 1777.
Sir,
The Committee of Safety have come to certain Resolutions for
raising one thousand men to guard the passes of the Highlands
&ca., this Winter, a Copy whereof I am directed to enclose you.
On behalf of the Committee of Safety & myself I acknowledge
the Receipt of your Favour of the 29th Ulti, and congratulate
you on the Success of the american arms.
Wishing you the Compliments of the Season I am with great
Respect,
Sir, your very huiipble Servant,
Ab'm Ten Broeck.
Brigadier General George Clinton.
Gallaway's in the Clove 3d Dec'r 1776.
D'r Major;
On my way hither I mett the within Letter & inclosed Resolves
on the Road. I thought it my Duty however to proceed to
Convention that I might procure a Dismission for the Militia if
possible as I cant find that I am warranted to dismiss them by
these Resolves at Present. I woud have you however communi-
cate them to the Different Regiments of both Counties & let the
Field Officers meet & furnish their Quota of Men which will be
but 500 for the Counties of Ulster & Orange in due proportion to
the Real Strenghth of each Regiment; this will in all probability
enable me to dismiss immediately all the Rest. It will be neces-
sary to send Copies by Express to Major Harring to be delivered
(to) the Regiments in that Quarter. Yours
Sincerely,
(Major Pawling) Geo. Clinton.
Youl deliver the Adresses herewith sent to the Officers; keep
this Letter & original Resolves.
522 Public Papers of Gteorge Clinton. ' "~
[No. 305.]
GEN. HEATH REFUSES TO LEND TWO FIELD PIECES.
And Gen. Clinton Serves Notice He Will Not he Answerable for the
Militia.
Ramepough, 2d January 1777.
D'r Sir,
I am this Moment favoured with yours of this Date. I cant
but thank you for the Poilite Manner in which you refuse grant-
ing my Request of the two Field Pieces. I dont think however
that the Delay of an Expedition (which I am confident might
now be executed with success) until you come over with General
Lincoln's Division two or three Days hence will tend greatly to
secrecy which you justly otoserve is the soul of Military opera-
tions. I have no Reason to Doubt when you coime, but you will
bring Artillery &c. with you, but in the Mean Time are not the
Enemy imprisoning plundering & killing the Inhabitants while
you refuse me the Means of opposing them.
The Approach of a Foirmidable Force which you must be sensi-
ble in this Country, cant be kep Secret from the Enemy, may
induce the Enemy to fly from Hackinsack for a. Time, but hais not
Experience already taught us that when Such Force is withdrawn,
they will return irritated & commit double Depredations on the
well disposed Inhabitants.
This has I am sorry to say on my late Expedition been the Case
& has rather proved a Curse than a Protection to our Friends.
Indeed, Sir, I have very little Reason to beleive that the Militia
however well disposed, & well disposed I am sure they are, will
think of Continuing any Time at this Post in a state of inactivity.
They are engaged for no Limitted Term; they have been already
out upwards of three Weeks & on so short Notice as not to have
been able to provide themselves for so long a Continuance, nor had
Public Papers of George Clinton. 523
they from the Nature of the Business they were called out
on, they had no Reason (to) expect woud have been long. They
have been deceived as to Provisions of which they were lead to
beleive there was a sufQcient supply at this Post. They now
beleive, and with good Reason, that if they were possessed of a
couple of Field Pieces they coud rout the Enemy & drive them
out of the Country, in which Case a part of them might be
relieved but these are withheld from them as if they were not
{to) be trusted.
I flattered myself that my having pledged myself for their
safety woud have been a sufficient security to you. Upon the
whole, Sir, tho' no Consideration shall ever divert me from the
Duty I owe my Country, tho' I am sorry to say that since I have
been out with the Militia, Matters have been so conducted as to
give them great & just Cause of Discontent & by that Means the
little Influence I had over them (& which I regarded no farther
than it enabled me to serve the public) is lost nor will I be
answerable for their Continuance at this Post one Day longer.
I am your Most Humble Serv't.
(George Clinton)
(Gen. Heath)
[No. 306.]
€aptain Johnson Turns a Scouting into a Plundering Expedition.
Orange Town, Friday Evening January ye
3d 1777.
Dear Sir,
When I came to this place last Wednesday evening, the weather
was so bad that no scouting party was sent out that night. Yes-
terday I sent a note to Capt. Johnston requesting him to come
down with twelve men; in the mean time, orders were given to
524 Public Papers of George Clinton.
have ninety hearty menj Collected from, the three regiments sta-
tioned here, and about a dozen from the Orange town militia;
about ten at night (Capt. Johnston not being come) Col. Allison
at the head of about 100 men, marched into Schraalinburgh, but
as he found the travelling excessive bad, and the weather Very-
Cold, he returned without Getting any new information; this
morning Capt. Johnston came in with a few men and offered his
service. I told him that it was your desire, that he should go
out with a suitable party to Get intelligence of the strength, scitua-
tion &c. of the enemy and strictly enjoined him not to be delatory
in his march downwards, lest the enemy should Get information
of his coming before he could take some persons we wanted and
from whomi we expected information; a number of Volunteers
from the three regts. here went with him; after he had been
Gone some time, Col. Allison went off with a party to give Assis-
tance to Capt. Johnston (should he have occasion of any,); Col.
Allison had not got far before he found Johnston and his party
busy in plundering, the Colonel thought that as the day was near
spent and had reason to believe that the enemy had notice of
what was Going forward and were in motion, he returned, not
expecting that he would be able to do any thing tO' purpose,
Johnston is not yet returned but some of his party are come in
with some Horses, Cattle and Sheep.
Thus are matters managed and we kept in the dark; by the
best accounts I can Get I am inclined to think that there are
about 300 of the enemy at the Bridge; the three regiments sta-
tioned here contain about 400 men, besides which there is one
Company fromi this place on duty but none from Haverstraw
precinct yet come down. Our men complain much that they have
no rum allowed them when they are on fatigue; if you have any
to spare pray send it.
tjHfp
Public Papers of George Clinton. 525
If Peter Quackinbusli is yet under Guard in the Clove, pray
enquire of him whether Isaac Kip has not been active in engaging
men to serve under the King of Great Brittain against us, and for
what purpose the Tories have had meetings at his the said Quack-
inbush's House; many of the Officers would be Glad to see you
here but none more so than, Sir, Your
Sincere friend and Most Humble Serv't,
John Haring.
P. S. Johnston's Conduct has much displeased the inhabitants
of this place, and I am afraid that it will make them backward
in Going a scouting for they are enemies to plundering. It seema
Johnston does not think himseilf bound to obey the orders of the
Colonels stationed here. J. H.
Genl. Clinton.
[No. 307.]
CONTUMACIOUS MILITIAMEN THREATENED.
First with a Fine of Thirty Founds, Then with Imprisonment, or to
he Fired on — The Oath of Allegiance.
In Committee of Safety for the State of New York,
Fish Kill January 3th 1777.
WHEREAS, the Greater part of the Privates in Colo. Graham's
Regiment of Militia, living in Rynbeck Precinct in the County of
Dutchess, within the State and being disaffected to the same, did
on the thirtieth day of December last not only refuse to obey the
Resolutions of the Convention of this State of the twenty first of
December aforesaid, by which they were ordered to march to the
Defence of the Passes in the Highlands, but did also most contu-
maciously prevent those who were well affected, from obeying
the said Resolutions;
526 Public Papers of George Clinton.
AND WHEEEAS, it is essentially necessary to the well being
of civil Society, that the Laws of such Society be in all things
duely executed, and that Disobedience to the Commands and
Denial of the Authority of the Legislature, be punished as well to
awe the Guilty, as to deter others from engaging in such per-
nicious Designs;
For as much, therefore, as the said disaffected persons in the
militia aforesaidy, have openly disavowed the Authority of that
Government derived from and instituted by the People of this
State, and shamefully broken the Faith by them thro' their Kepre-
sentatives to the said Government pledged^ by refusing to march
to the defence of their own Wives, Children & Estates, and of
the Liberties of this State;
RESOLVED, unanimously, that the said militia be forthwith
compelled to march, according to the Form and Effect of the said
Resolutions of the Twenty first of December; that is to say: that
one third part of the said militia do march to New Windsor, one
third part thereof to Peeks Kill, and one third part thereof to
North Castle.
AND ALTHO; this Convention repose the Highest Confidence
in the Zeal and activity of the Committee of the County of
Dutchess, yet as the number of which that Body consists would
render it very expensive and Burdensome for them to execute the
following Resolutions,
RESOLVED, unanimously, that Egbert Benson, David Johnson,
Walter Livingston, Ephraim Paine, Ezra Thompson, Jacobus
Swartwout and Israel Thompson, Esquires, ot any four of them
be, and they hereby are, appointed Commissioners to execute these
Resolutions. That they be impowered to take to their advice and
Assistance the Oom.mittee of Rhinebeck Precinct aforesaid, when-
i; Public Papers of George Clinton. 527
soever, and as often as they shall think proper; and have every
power which may be necessary for the purpose of executing these
Eesolutions. And that each of them be allowed the sum, of tea
Shillings a day for their Maintenance during the Time in whick
they shall be imployed therein.
*(RE SOLVED, unanimously, that the two regiments of militia
belonging to the north end of the county of Ulster be dismissed
by General Clinton from their present duty, and that two hun-
dred men be drafted thereont and put under the command of a
field officer and ordered to repair to the Flats in Rhinebeck Pre-
cinct in the county of Dutchess on the 13th diay of January in-
stant, and that they be under the direction of the above men-
tioned commisisioners.)
RESOLVED, unanimously, that the said Commissioners do
cause the said militia to muster at such times and Places as they
shall in their Discretion thing proper, and that they be impowered
to levy a Fine not exceeding thirty Pounds from such of the said
militia as shall neglect or refuse to appear at such times and
places respectively, and that the amount of such Fines be paid
into the Treasury of this State.
RESOLVED, unanimously, that the said Commissioners be,
and they hereby are, directed and impowered to take such ways
and means as they in their Wisdom shall think meet, to cause
the said militia to march in the manner above directed; and in
case the said militia or any part, thereof, shall prove refractory
and obstinately refuse to obey the Authority of this State, that
in such case the saidi Commissioners be, and they hereby are,
directed and injoined to cause the said Detachment of Troops to
fire upon and otherwise treat them as open Enemies of this State.
*Not in Clinton MSS. Taken from the Journal of the Provincial Convention.
528 Public Papers of George Clinton.
EESOLVED, unanimously, that the said Commissioners be,
and they hereby are, directed and impowered to take such ways
and means as they shall in their Discretion think proper to dis-
cover arrest and secure the principals in the said riot and disaffec-
tion and for that purpose that they be impowered to send for per-
sons and papers;
EESOLVED, unanimously, that the said Commissioners be,
and they hereby are directed and impowered to tender to such per-
sons in the precinct aforesaid as they may think proper the f ol- '
lowing Oath of Allegiance to wit.
*" We the Subscribers do most solomnly swear that we re-
nonnce all allegiance to the King of Great Britain, That we will
be good and true Subjects to the State of New York. That we
will be good to the utmost of our Power, defending the said state
against the enemies, and that we will discover all Plots and Con-
spiracies against it which may come to our Knowledge, And we
pray God Almighty so to help us, as we do faithfully and sin-
cerely keep this Oath as they in their discretion shall think."
And that they be further directed and impowered to arrest,t
and secure such of those who shall refuse to take and Subscribe
the said Ooth as they in their discretion shall think meet.
EESOLVED, unanimously, that all and every person and Per-
sons so as aforesaid arrested and secured by the said Commis-
sioners be sent to the common Goals of the Counties of Ulster and
Dutchess, and the Goalers of the said Goals are hereby directed
to receive and keep all such Persons in their Custody in the man-
ner by the said Commissioners directed.
EESOLVED, unanimously, that the Treasurer of this State do
pay to Egbert Benson, Esquire, the sum of Three hundred pounds
* Not in Clinton MSS. Taken from the Journal of the Proceedings of the New York
Provincial Congress.
t" Disarm " instead of " arre&t " in printed record in Journal of Provincial Conven-
tion.
Public Papers of George Clinton. 529
for the use of the said Commissioners to defray the Expences of
executing these Resolutions,
RESOLVED, unanimously, that the said Commissioners be,
and they hereby are, directed and impowered to billet the Detach-
ment of Troops aforesaid as they shall think proper.
RESOLVED, unanimously, that the said Commissioners do
make return to this Convention of the manner of Executing these
Resolutions.
A true Copy from the Minutes.
John McKesson, Secr'y.
[No. 308.]
All hut Five Hundred of the Ulster and Orange Militia Allowed to
Go Home.
Resolve of Convention that George Clinton dismiss all the militia
of Ulster and Orange, but 500 men.
In Committee of Safety for the State of New York,
Fishkills, January 4th 1777.
RESOLVED that General George Clinton be, and he hereby is,
Im'powered to dismiss all the militia of the Counties of Ulster and
Orange, excepting only five hundred men to be commanded by
such (of their)* officers as General Clinton shall appoint. That
the said five hundred men, do continue in service until! the Regi-
ments, by a Resolution of the first Instant directed to be raised
for three months, shall be compleated and no longer; and that
while they do continue in Service they be entirely under the
command of General Clinton, to be stationed and disposed of,
as he shall think most expedient for the public Service.
Extract from the Minutes. -
John McKesson, Secr'y.
•Not in original MSS. of the Minutes of the Committee of Safety.
34
530
Public Papers of George Clinton.
[No. 309.]
George Tongue and John McDole Vindicated by a Court Martial,
Ramapo, — January the 4tli 1777.
A General Court Marshal Held at the House of Mr. Sovereins.
Met at Ten O'Clock in the morning.
Members present Capt. Pain
Coll. Elmendolph — presedent Lieut. Myer
Lieut: Crawford
Lieut. Guion
Lieut. Youngs
Lieut. Brewster
Major Winecoope
Major Newkerk
Capt. Duwit
Capt. Felter
Capt. Humphries
Capt. Ross
Capt. Veail, Judg advocate Duly Sworn
The above Members Duly Sworn.
Major Hooghteling Complained of one Georg Tongue of Taking
and plundering the property and effects of the Inhabitance of
Paramus & S'd Georg Tongue was Caled Before the Court Mar-
shal and Confesed that he Had Taken from the S'd Inhabitance
a Blanket or Roig out of a house Who he took to^ be Enemies to
our Cause.
Isaac Seaman Being Sworn and Saith, that He Saw a pleasure
Slead Taken, & Some Leather put in S'd Slay & that He Never
Heard Major Hooghteling Give any orders Not to plunder, But
to the Best of his Knowledg Did Countenance it.
Solloimon Jonson, being Sworn & Saith, that the night that he
went out to Paramas with major Hooghteling, & that he Saw a
Slay with Leather in it, & the majoir orderd the Slay to Be taken a
Long for he wanted it, & that Before he o^rderd a man that had a
Public Papees op George Clinton. 531
piece of Leather under his arm, to Carry it back into the Hons for
the Children woiuld want it, and that He heard No order Given by
the major, Nor No other officer to plunder, Nor Not plunder &
took it to be free plunder.
Major Hooghteling, Complained of John Macdole, the Same as
Gorge Tongue — and that the S'd John Macdole Being Caled
Before the Court marshal and Confesed that he Took a Blanket
at Paramas, Lying by the Door of the House and Caled upon
the same Evedences that being Sworn in Behalf of Georg
Tongue —
And the Court is unanimusly of opponion, that the Said Georg
Tongue and John Macdole Took the Said Blankets or Rug
Through Ignorance Not Knowing it was against orders and that
they Shall Return the Said Blankets or Rug to Major Talor.
Jonathan Elmendorph, presedant.
General Clinton Files News of the Battle of Princeton.
Near Galloway, in Smith's Clove, 5th January, 1777.*
Gentlemen — I have the pleasure of informing you of the fur-
ther succesis of our amis. Twoi days ago a detachment of our
army marched into Princetown, surprised the enemy, killed 50
and took 100 of them with 6 field pieces. The enemy are retiring
from Elizabethtown anid other places, and making for Staten Isl-
and, as is supposed, where some of them already are.
A few days ago I gave permission to three young fellows who
lived below Pyramus, and pretended to be friends flying from the
enemy, to go to Shawangunk, where they said they had acquaint-
ances. They prove to be impostors. Their true business was to
* From the Journal of the Proceedings of the New York Provincial Congress.
532 Public Papers of George Clinton.
pairchase horses for the enemy ; they had effe^cted it, they had pur-
chased 13 able horses, and were returning; but hearing of them,
Major Pawling detached a party of the Orange light horse, at
9 o'clock last night tO' Camptown, to intercept theon, which they
did, and we are now possessed of them. I hear of another party
who have been out on the same business, and are to 'return
through Easttown with a larger drove; I shall therefore send off
a party after them this evening.
I am your most obedt. servt.
Geo. Clinton.
P. S. You will please tO' excuse the incorrectness of this scrawl;
I am so cold I can hardly write.
To the Committee of Safety of the
State of New-York.
[No. 310.]
Colonels Pawling and Snyder Ordered to Furnish a Detachment to
Aid in Compelling Obedience of the Refractory Militia in Dutchess
County.
General Orders, Ramepough, 6th Jan'y 1777.
Pursuant to an Order of the Committee of Safety of the State
of N. York Colo. Pawling & Colo. Snyder, are each to furnish
Ninty Men of their respective Regts. properly Officered, armed,
equiped, accoutred & provided with at least 24 Rounds of Amu-
nition, who are to Rendevouz in Kingston, on Monday the 13th
Instant, at ten o'Clock in the Morning, where they are to be
joined by Major Cantine, who is to Command them, & from
thence forthwith, to repair to the Flatts in Rynbeck Precinct,
in Dutchess County, & there execute all such Orders as shall
Public Papers of George Clinton. 53S
be given them by Egbert Benson, David Johnson, Walter Liv-
ingston, Ephraim Paine, Ezra Thompson, Jacobus Swarthout,
& Israel Thompson, Esqrs. or any four [of] them; Commissioners,
appointed by & to execute certain Resolutions, of the said Com-
mittee of the 3d Instant, And twenty of the Kingston Light
Horse, properly officered, are to join and march with the above
Detachment & be Subject to the like orders.
In Committee of Safety for the State of New York, Jan'y 3d
1777.
EESOLVED, unanimously, that the two Regiments of Militia
belonging to the North end of the County of Ulster be dismissed
by Genl. George Clinton from their present Duty; and that two
hundred men be drafted thereout & put under the command of a
field Officer & ordered to repair to the Flatts in Rhinbeck Pre-
cinct, in the County of Dutchess on the 13th Day of .Jan'y inst.
«& that they be under the Direction of certain Commissioners ap-
pointed by the Committee.
Extract from Minutes.
Robt. Benson, Secr'y,
[No. 311.]
THE GENERAL DISAPPOINTED.
The Enemy Flee from Hackensack while He was Prepm^ing to At-
tack Them.
Severyn's Tavern, near Ramepough, 6th Jan'y, 1777.
Dear General,
I came out here this Morning intending to order the Troops
under my Command at this Place immediately to advance to
Pyramus with an Intention the next Day to attack the Enemy
a I; Hackinsack, in Case the Field Pieces arrived by that Time,.
534 Public Papers of George Clinton.
one of which I intended to have sent to T,apx)an, where and at
Cloister, more than one half of my Force is, to have fixed an
Hour and attacked them on that & this side at the same Instant,
sending at the same Time Parties to the East side of the Ferry
& on the Acquakanonk Eoad to prevent their Escape. But I
had not been here long, before a Messenger arrived who informed
me that the Enemy yesterday Afternoon apprehensive of an
Attack, (as they said), left the Town with the utmost Precipitation
■& fright in three Parties, each taking different Routs, to wit One
towards Acquakanonk, another by the Ferry, & the third thro
the English Neighbourhood. They have disapointed me exceed-
ingly. I am sure T coud have destroyed the whole of them had
"they only continued there two Days longer, or I have been pre-
par'd so much sooner.
I have sent down a strong Party to possess the Town & secure
such stores as they may have left & to bring in the Tories who
4)re much dejected. They have Released the Hoppers &, other
-Inhabitants they had in Prison. The enclosed Letter was wrote
-a few hours before they fled & since delivered me.
I am your Most Obed't Serv't,
Geo. Clinton.
(Gen. Heath)
AFTER TRENTON AND PRINCETON.
General Washington on His March to Morristown to Establish
Winter Quarters.
Severen's Tavern, 6th Jany. 1777.*
Gentlemen — Yesterday evening, on my arrival here, I received
Ja letter] from General Heath, informing me he had sent over
* From the Journal of the Proceedings of the New York Provincial Congress*
' Public Papers of George Clinton. 535
two field pieces to me. 1 came out here this miorninig to order
them up, and the regiments in this quarter to advance to Pyramus
this evening, that they might be ready, in concert with the regi-
mients at Tappen, (where I meant to order one of the fleldpieces,)
and where my greater forces are to attack the enemy at New-
Bridge and Hackensack at the same time. I meant to have or-
dered :a strong detachment on the east side of the ferry, in the
English neighbourhood, and another on the Acquackanonk road,
in case they should give way, tO' prevent their escape.
I was just preparing my orders accordingly, when to my great
surprise and mortification, a messenger arrived, who informed me
that the enemy yesterday afternoon, apprehensive of an attack,
left Hackensack with the utmost precipitation — ^part took their
route ftowards Hackensack — part acroSiS the New Bridge, and the
remainder across the ferry — carrying off all their baggaige. They
have disappointed me exceedimgly. I am almost certain I conld
have destroyed the whole of them, had they continued two days
longer, had I been indulged in my request of artillery that
much sooner. I have sent down a strong party to passess the
town, secure such stores as they miay have left, and bring in the
tories who are much dejected and distressed. I have given orders
for dismissing the militia, except 500, agreeable to the resolve of
yoiur Honourable Hoiuse, and am about making the necessary
preparatiouis for sending the 200 men into Dutchess county, who,
I doubt not, will be there on the day appointed.
A gentleman, just now froan the army, informs me that Thurs-
day evening last* the enemy entered Trenton ; that a severe action
-ensued between them and your army, who were drawn up on the
*Deeember 26. 1776.
536 Public Papers of George Clinton.
south of Mill oreek. Tlie enemy were soion 'pbliged to retreat to
the farther eM of the toiwn, with great loss; that aiboiut twelve
at night General Washington marched his army from Trenton
to Princeton, attacked the enemy in the morning* — then routed
them — ^took upwards of 250, and as there was a smart action, it
is supposed their loss was great, but the niumbers killed at either
place [is not known.]
General Washington is on his march to Morristown, where it
is expected he now is; in which case he has the enemy between
him and Philadelphia., and I imagine this may have occasioned
my neighbours' sudden remioval from HaiCkenisack. General Mer-
cer is killed— our loss, however, but inconsideralble.
I am, your most obt. servant,
Geo. Clinton.
The enemy released the Hoppers, &c. on their leaving Hacken-
sack. They had the impudence to propose an exchange of prison-
ers with me a few days before.
[No. 312.]
Massachusetts Joins New TorJc.
I Sunday (Jan. — 1777.)
Dear General,
The bearer Coll. Sparhawk loommands the detachment of Mi-
litia from Massachusetts Bay, ordered to join you. I should not
do you justice, should I ask your notice of him, and that you
would grant every indulgence to his Corpse, (Sic) which the good
of the service will admit; as that would suggest I entertained
*The battle of Princeton was fought Friday, Jan. 3, 1777, eight days after Trenton.
Public Papers op George Clinton. 537
an idea, that a different mode of conduct could take place. I
know I have said enough, when I inform you that these troops
are to be under your particular direction. That they are Lovers
of freedom, & are determined to fight in support of it.
I am, dear General, with the most perfect regard and esteem
Your hum'e Serv.
B. Lincoln.
General Clinton.
The General Welcomes Col. Sparhawk.
Sir,
I am this Moment favoured with Advice of your arival at
Ramepough by Letter from my good Friend Genl. Lincoln. The
Field Pieces I woud have in or near the little Redoubt on the
other side of Sydman's Bridge; at present the Men belonging to
them may Quarter in the little Houses near that Place. As to
your Regiment as there are yet no Barracks finished you must
gett them in the Houses on this side of Severn's Tavern where I
understand you now are. I hope to have the Pleasure of seeing
you Tomorrow, & am
Your Most Obed't Serv't,
Geo. Clinton.
To Colo. Sparhawk.
Pyramus 7th Jan'y 1777.
(Note on this sheet by Gen. George Clinton. "Our Militia killed
10, & took 40 Hessians, at Morris Town Day before yesterday, &
Day before that, killed 7, & took 3 & lossed 3 only.)"
538 Public Papers of George Clinton.
[No. 313.]
Robert ErsMne to George Clinton — 'Complains of the Difficulty in
Procuring Provisions icith Paper Money.
Kingwood, January 7th 1777.
Dear Sir,
The difficulties I meet with in procuring the necessary supplies
for the works under my direction, I hope will excuse my laying
the matter before you. I have lost several Team horses meerly for
want of feed; our business is almost at a total stand, horses being
unable to perform the necessary services on hay alone; our peo-
ple have sometimes of late been a foiurthnight without their
usual supplies of flour; all this not on account of any scarcity in
the Country either of Wheat Rye or Corn but only because the
farmers will not take the Current money. Since, there'fore, I
have had the pleasure of supplying the troops under your Com-
mand with near £400 in Beef and have got almost as much more-
to spare if wanted; it would oblige me greatly to have the value-
returned in wheat, rye & Corn. I see no prospect indeed of pro-
curing supplies ortherwise at present. Your assistance, there-
fore, as far as may be, will Greatly Oblige,
Dear Sir, Your most Obed't hum^e Ser't,
Robt. Erskine.-
Genl. Clinton.
[No. 314.]
Lieutenant-Colonel Hornheck^s Regiment Dismissed Except 90 Men..
D'r Sir,
By the inclosed Order, youl observe your Regiment is dis-
missed from the Present Service, And as they are to furnish.
90 Men for other Service to march from Kingston, the 13th.
Public Papers of George Clinton. 539
Instant, you had better hurry Home that you may give the
necessary Orders for having your Men at the Time & Place in the
within order mentioned.
I am your Most Obed't Serv't,
Geo. Clinton.
Eamepough, 7th Jan'y 1777.
Yo'Ul please to furnish Major Cantine with a Copy of the Order
or the Original.
To Lieut. Colo. Hoornbeek.
He Suggests a Bold Demonstration to Major Earing.
(Same Date & Place.)
D'r Sir,
As the Enemy have left Hackinsack (as I am informed) might
not a light Party under an Active Officer taking their Route by
Fort Lee surprize & take the smaill Guards at Beausdells Bulls
«fe even Wiehaak (Weehawken) & Hobock (Hobocken) Ferry,
distroy the Boats, Hay, Wood & Stores at those Places & bring
off the Horses. I think that Capt. Johnson, who knows the
Woods well, taking the Advantage of the Night might effect it &
I wish if you & the Field Officers in your Quarter think it practi-
cable it might be attempted, in which Case however towards the
Morning insuing the Night the Attempt is to be made a strong
Covering Party shond Advance down into the English Neigh-
bourhood.
I must see you here Tomorrow with the Colonels in your
Quarter & am with Esteem
Your Most Obed't Sery't,
G. C.
To Major John Harring.
540
Public Papers of Gteorge Clinton.
[No. 315.]
Returns of Colonel 8parh<iwk^s Corps.
A Eeturn of the Detaclimeiit ordered out from Peekskill by
General Lincoln, Commanded by Col. Nathan Sparkawk.
Present Fit for duty.
"3
a
o
o
O
1
c
O
O
2
1
o
'5'
1
a
■5
ft
6
8
n
a
a
0)
s
3
2
2
2
1
2
2
1
2
14
Staflf officers
05
c
0)
t4
IB
E
S
a
P
^
ii
ffl
c
2
•5"
1
c
0
be
3
<P
"3
0
0
€apt. Jonathan Gates
4
3
4
4
4
4
2
3
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
2
45
John Oliver
33
Francis Stone
36
Joseph Cutler
42
Aaron Kimball
33
David Carlile
41
David Prouty
39
John Putnam
29
1
1
Total
1
1
28
13
298
Ramerpough, Janr. 8th 1777.
Nathan Sparhawk, Colo.
[No. 316.]
Parole of Henry Cuyler^ British Commissary of Stores.
I Henry Cuyler, of the County of Albany Commissary in the
Service of the King of Great Britain, having been made a Pris-
oner of War by the Authority of the State of New York, do
promise and engage on my Word. and Honour, and on the Faith
of a Gentleman, to depart from hence to the Town of Boston,
being the Place of my Destination, and there or within six Miles
thereof, to remain during the present War, between Great
Britain and the united States of America, or until the Congress
of the said united States, or the Assembly Convention, or Council
or Committee of Safety of the said State, shall order otherwise;
and that I will not directly, or indirectly, contravene, or oppose
Public Papers of George Clinton. 541
the Measures of the said Congress, the Convention of this State,
or any Assembly, Convention, Committee, or Council of Safety,
whatever; neither will I give or send any Intelligence to the
Enemies of the said United States, or give them any aid or Com-
fort; neither will I do or say any Thing in opposition or Pre-
judice to the Measures of America, during the present Troubles
or until I am duly exchanged or discharged.
Given under my Hand at Albany the 8th Day of January.
Henry Cuyler Commis'y. of Stores &
Prov's in his Brittanic Majesty's Service.
True Copy. A. H. Leon Gansevoort Jun'r Sec'y.
[No. 317.]
List of Goods Left hy Mr. Curtenius When the Enemy Entered Each-
ensack.
(Jan. 9, 1777)
Memorandum of goods left by Peter S. Curtenius at Hackinsack
Vizt.
Continental goods
80 Soldiers hunting frocks; >^
I In 2 Tierces in
2 p's Oznabrigs; y
' r Mr. John Varick Store.
Some Check; J
about 100 Soldiers Shirts loose which I have hear'd Mrs. Varick
conceal'd in her house, to prevent the regulars from taking them;
about 35 C't w't Lead & bullets at Henry Bogarts, at a place
calPd Stein Raapje, near the New Brige.
State of New York
24 Gun barrels & locks & some old Muskets at Guilliam Varicks
the gun Smith's; these I believe are saved as they were buried.
542 Public Papers of G-borge Clinton.
At Mr. John Varick's Store & barn.
The follow'g goods & furniture belonging to me Vizt.
1 Large Pier Glass & 2 Sconces;
2 large Mahogony dining tables;
2 Card tables — 1 Easy Chair;
1 p'r brass and Irons ;
1 barrel, Marked on the head with Mr. Hodsheys Name;
2 Barrels Pearl ash;
1 Box with plains & Scythes;
1 Case& 2 boxes with Duch books these I believe are destroyed.
at Lawrence Ackerman's these I have hear'd are all Saved.
1 Desk & book Case;
1 Trunk with China;
1 Lookinglass;
1 Trunk with Pictures &c;
1 Tierce of Ironmongery in the Cellar;
1 Chimney back;
1 Mahogony Close Stool Chair.
1 Tierce at Nich's Bogarts.
Wall Kill, Jan'y, 9, 1777.
S'r,
'When I removed from Hackinsack I left some goods belonging
to the Continent in the different places mentioned in the Inclosed
Memorandum. If we should get possession of Hackinsack again
I should be glad you would please to order an Enquiery to be
made, what is become of them & if any are left please to send
them to Mr. Slot's in the Care of the Assistant Q. M. G'l, from
whence I shall send for them.
I also left some goods & furniture of mine^ at the places men-
Public Papers of George Clinton. 543
tioned in the Memoran'm, which I thought necessary to acquaint
jou with, for fear they might be taken as plunder belonging to
the Tories who have gone to New York. I have wrote to Mr.
Jacob Zabriski to take them in his charge.
I am with respect S'r Your most Obed't Serv't,
Peter S. Curtenius.
To Brigadier General George Clinton at Mr. Sidman's.
[No. 318.]
Robert Morris Puts in a Plea in Behalf of John Doremus.
(Jan. 9, 1777.)
D'r Sir,
The bearer, John Doremus, has in every instance as far as his
conduct has come within my knowledge, behaved in a friendly
and spirited manner, since the commencement of the disturbances
which preceeded this war, untill the time the British troops took
possession of Hackensack town; and in the distress which that
event threw some of the inhabitants, did every friendly office to
those who applyed to him, or flew to his house, that any man
could do. He has been in several Committees, and in every of
our whig nominations, and has uniformly behaved as well as any
man in the county, perticularly, in his last station as Chairman
of the Saddle river Committee; he was nominated for one of
the Justices under our present constitution, and I believe would
have accepted his Commission, if the invasion of the county had
not intimidated him from taking a part that would give his dis-
affected neighbours a handle against him; his son also used to be
friendly, and ever did his duty when the militia was called. What
the conduct of either has been since they have been in the enemy's
power, I know not, but Mr. Doremus tells me he has been taken
up and put on parole, and I have not heard any thing to the dis-
544
Public Papers op George Clinton.
advantage of either, except the son's deceiving you, and travelling
in the company he was taken in.
I write this at Mr. Doremus's request, as you are a stranger to
his Character and am, Sir, with respect
Your very humble Serv't,
Robt. Morris.
(Gen. George Clinton.)
Jan'y 9th 1777.
I have read the above and agree to the Contents.
Gerret Hopper.
Gen. Clinton.
I belive the above to be as Little as can be said in Favour of
Mr. Doremus.
G. Jones.
[No. 319.]
Returns of Part of Col. Hashrouck's Regiment at Ramapo.
A General Eeport of the Ulster Melitia Being a Detachment of
Colonel Hasbrouck Regm't now in the Servies at Rammebeuh
unter the Command of Capt. Tarpenning Janry. 12th 1777.
Capt.
Leiut.
Ensingn.
Sergt.
Clerks.
Corpl.
Drm.
&
fife
Privets
Total
On gard
Absent without Leafe
On forlow
Cooks
Sick
Present fit fo Duty
'"k
"'"i
.....
2
1
i
1
'""i
4
2
2
■••■4
""4
22
16
0
6
2
18
Total
2
4
2
6
2
6
4
64
90
Public Papers of George Clinton. 545
[No. 320.]
George Clinton Recommends Peter Fell and John WatJcins for Cap-
tain and Lieutenant of Cavalry.
Pyramus, 13th Jan'y 1777.
Dear Sir,
I was in hopes to have had the Honor of seing your Excellency
at Morris Town yesterday, but was so unfortunate as not to
arive at Mr. Cortlandt's till after you had left that. I was de-
sirous of communicating several Matters to you respecting the
disafected Inhabitants of this Part of 3'Our State, which as I
missed seeing you, I ment'd to his Excellency, Genl. Washington,
to whom I now begg leave to refer you.
Mr. Peter Fell & Mr, John Watkins, whose Famillies & Char-
ecters I presume you well know, have been very serviceable to
the Cause of their Country since I have commanded here. They
are both desirous of entring the service; as it is a matter of the
Utmost Importance to have our army officered by young Gentle-
men of Property, Sense Sc Spirit I wish they might be properly
provided for. The New Eegiments of Infantry & Horse, to be
raised by Genl. Washington will make Room for them & your
favourable mention of them to the Genl. will secure them proper
appointments, in which I am sure the Country will be served.
They both prefer the Horse Service. Mr. Fell woud gladly ac-
cept a Comp'y & Mr. Watkins, a Lieut'y in the Horse.
I am with great Respect,
Yonr Most Obed't Serv't,
[G. C]
(To Gov. Livingston.).
35
546 Public Papers of George Clinton.
[No. 321.]
DISPOSITION OF CAPTURED RUM.
Information also Wanted of Two Field Pieces Concealed Tyy the
Enemy.
Pyramus 13tli Jan'y 1777.
Dear Sir,
I came down here with the Intention to have gone down to
Hackinsack where I was informed Col. McClaghry with his De-
tachm't had removed, when I was at Morris Town, from whence
I returned j^esterday Evening but finding them returned to this
Place supercedes the Necessity of my going there. I will set
out for Home tomorrow & hurry the Raising of the Troops who
are to relieve you which I doubt not will soon be accomplished.
I have not yet been favoured with an Account of any of the stores
taken in Hackinsack & removed by the Troops in your Quarter,
except two Hogsheads Rum ment'd to me by Colo. Hoornbeek,
nor has the Commissary at Ramejjough; tho I am informed
many Hoggsheads (of) Rum were taken by a Party under Major
Wisner, all of which one, Mr. McVicar claims as his Property
and is now with me respecting them.
I must begg & insist, therefore, my dear Sir, that you will im-
mediately cause an account of the Rum or other stores that may
have been found at Hackinsack to be returned to the Com'y at
Ramepough, otherwise the Officers who commanded the Parties
that took them, will' undoubtedly be responsible for them. I
am told there was some salt at Hackinsack at the House of Peter
Golet which is since removed by Mr. Jno. Zabriskie; if this can
be found, seize it for public use.
I am also informed that one John Stagg, a Baker re-
moved out of New York & now lives near Hackinsack Bridge
Public Papers of George Clinton, 547
knows something about two Field Pieces & other Things con-
cealed by the Enemy at Hackinsack, which on being enabled to
remove his Effects from thence he saj'-s he will discover. I begg
you will therefore get the Discovery from him by furnishing
him with the Aid he wants; the Assis't Quarter Master will pay
the Expence. I have only to add, that I begg you will not suffer
the Troops under your Command to be surprized by the Enemy.
& whenever, you can with a probabillity of success attempt any
Thing against them, I know you will not fail doing it.
I have ordered a Party of the Men under Colo. McClaghry to
Hackinsack Tomorrow as a covering Party.
I am your Most Obed't Serv't,
G. C.
If Mc Vicar proves his Property to the Bum order it delivered
him. Colo. McClaghry will obey your Orders in Future.
To Colo. William Allison.
DIFFICULTY IN RAISING MILITIA.*
Troubles about Rations— Contraband of War Captured from Tories.
Sir — I beg leave to inform the Honourable Convention, that
pursuant to thoir resolve, I have with much difficulty raised the
500 men in the counties of Ulster and Orange, and marched them
(a few refractory persons who have run oft' and concealed them-
selves excepted) to the post at Sydman's bridge and Cloister,
of which I have directed Col. Pawling (who I have nominated
to command them,) to give His Excellency General Washington
notice.
* From the Journal of the Proceedings of the New York Provincial Congress.
■548 Public Papers of George Clinton.
The militia of Dutchess and Westchester counties, or a great
I)art of them being called out (as I was informed) aJbout the time
J received the Convention's orders to raise 500 men out of those
-counties, and but lately returned, has prevented my attempting
it, and now they are at home I am at a loss how to set about
it. It is my opinion that they can not .be raised as volunteers;
it would be the work of time to try it, and if we failed and
were obliged afterwards to draft them, it could not be accom-
plished much sooner than in the time to which they are to be
in the service.
I wish not to evade any duty the Convention think proper
to assign me; but in the present case, I am sure, were the com-
manding officers of the militia of each county ordered to raise
their proportion of those men, it would be more speedily done
than it it is left to me; and if I am to attend to it, it will so
break in upon my time as to prevent my giving that attention
to the business of obstructing the navigation of Hudson's river
which its importance, and the short time in which it must be
completed, requires.
Major Pawling, the bearer of this, will wait upon Convention
with a list of the officers I would recommend for the above serv-
ice, and awaits the answer and further direction of the Con-
vention. The artificers employed under Captain Machin some
time ago, complained that they could not live on a single ration ;
I readily consented to order the commissary to deliver them
more, charging the extra allowance to their account. This I
thought reasonable, as they had contracted at a ration a man
per day, and their wages considering the season very high; in-
deed they confessed my offer reasonable, but I am since informed
Public Papers op George Clinton. 549
they are allowed a ration and a half by Convention, in conse-
quence of a petition to them for that purpose, and I am informed
they now begin to sell meat in the neighbourhood. I am sorry
Convention indulged them; it is the same as increasing their
wages and will give discontent to the country, besides other bad
consequences. '
I have ordered Major Taylor, assistant quarter-master gen-
eral, to lay before Convention, an exact account of stores which
have been delivered him at Ramapough, when taken, and from
whom received; amongst these you will find many articles of
no public use. They were taken as the property of disaffected
persons belonging to this State, now with the enemy, though
without my order, and some of them plundered by the soldiery,
contrary to the most positive orders, and taken from the plun-
derers. I beg Convention would direct what is to be done with
those articles, as I am at a loss what is right and best to be
done with them. Had they not been removed by our people,
they would in all probability again have fallen into the hands
of the enemy. '
We want some pitch and oakum exceedingly, to prepare the
logs for buoying the chain, which I know not where to get. That
part of our work is at a stand for want of these articles.
I am, with due respect,
Your most obedient servant,
Geo. Clinton.
To the Honourable the President of the Convention of the State
of New- York.
550 Public Papehs of George Clinton.
[No. 322.]
PLEiNTY OF GRAIN AND PLENTY OF MONEY.
But the Farmers Hold on to One and Refuse to Take the Other.
Ringwood, January 15th 1777.
Dear Sir,
In a letter of the 7th Inst, which I sent by Mr. Peter Fell, I
represented the difficulties I met with in procuring supplio.s for
the works, and begging to have the value of the Beef, &c. fur-
nished the army, in wheat, Eye or Corn; as the farmers, though
they have plenty of grain, wont sell it, merely because they do
not choose to take the Current monKv. As I have no doubt Mr.
Fell delivered my last, had he an opportunity, so I shall not fur-
ther trouble you at present, than by begging to know by Mr.
Hayes, the Bearer, whether or not any of the grain at Hutts
could be spared us, as we are quite out of flour here; and our
people last Saturday had but about half their allowance.
If more beef is wanted 3 or 4000 lb. W't can be supplied with
pleasure by, Dear Sir,
Your most obed't hum'e Ser't,
Eobt. Erskine.
Genl. Clinton.
[No. 323.]
Pay-roll of Capt. WoodhuWs Gompany of Light Horse.
Pay Abstract, of Capt. Ebenezer Woodhull's Company of light
Horse of Cornwall, in Orange County in the State of New York,
in General George Clinton's Brigade, in the Service of the United
States of America, commencing the 16th Day of Jul}^ 1776, and
Ending the 13th Day of January 1777 both Days included:
Public Papers of George Clinton.
551
Day ly Pay,
Wages,
Due 4;
Allowance
Xames & Rud
ka.
Days in
Service.
exclusive
Provender
Allowance
for
for Horse
for Horae.
Provender
keeping
due
Ebenezer Woodluill
, Capt
66
James fci^ayre, Lieutenant
76
William Heard, Coronet
72
Azariah Martin, Quartermaster
40
Samuel Seely, Serjeant
92
Matthew Wickham,
ditto
92
Joshua Hnlse,
ditto
93
Stephen Mo well,
ditto
8
Daniel Harrison,
ditto
57
Jonathan Brooks, Clk.
34
Hezekiah Howell J
ur. Private
15
Peter Keider,
do
44
Gideon Solmon
39
Charles Howell
8
William Seely
38
Samuel Bartlet
44
Jonathan Sajre
55
Moses Carpenter
38
John Seely
41
Luther Con cklin
• 58
Daniel Reive
20
Samuel Tu thill
25
Jonathan Dubois
49
John Slote
22
Daniel Tuthill
34
Be'zabel Seely Jun'r
41
Israel Seely
76
Banjamin Hulse
62
Matthew Carpenter
101
Phinehas Heard
54
Thaddeus Seely
80
Silvanus Sayles
40
Henry Jakwish
29
William lieider
8
Jonas Seely
36
Stephen Gilbert
22
William Bradly
Total
7
Cr. By Cash p'd towards horse keeping by Genl. George Clin-
ton at Fort Montgomery, 10 3.
552 Public Papers of George Clinton.
By Horse keeping at Capt. Slotts in the Clove provided by M
Taylor a 29 for Days —
New Windsor, ISth Jan'y, 1777. I hereby Certify that I have
carefully examined the above Pay Abstract of Capt. Ebenezer
Woodhull's Company of Orange Light Horse, with Respect to
the Number of Days which they are therein mentioned to have
served. I do not discover any Mistake or Error. I further Cer-
tify that whenever any of the said Company were relieved by
others, (which was frequently the Case), the Days spent in
travelling, by means of such Belief are not included in the above
Abstract, it being for their own Ease & Conveniency.
Geo. Clinton, B. Genl.
[No. 324.]
Gov. Livingston Declines to Becommend Peter Fell and John 'Wat-
kins.
Morris Town, 15 Jan'y 1777.
D'r Sir, '
I am not unacquainted with the merit of Mr. Peter Fell & Mr.
John Watkins, & I am sure should be very glad to see them in
the service; & as to the former, I am under such obligations to
his father that I cond wish to have it in my Power to discharge
them any other way than by recommending any person to Gen-
eral Washington for a Post. It is so extremely disagreeable
either to be disappointed in a Recommendation, or to be under
obligations by succeeding that I have the greatest aversion to
the thing. And from these considerations, I have refused to
recommend my own son, who was with General Schuyler & wants
to go in the service, & whom I could recommend with a good
conscience from his general's character.
Public Papers of George Clinton. 553
I am sorry I missed the pleasure of seeing you.
As to the Tories, that have been active against us, we shall
make rough work with them, as soon as the state is reduced to a
little more tranquillity. I am, D'r Sir,
Your most humble Ser.
Wil. Livingston.
(Gen. George Clinton).
The General Breaks the News to Peter Fell.
New Windsor 4th Feb'y 1777.
D'r Sir,
I lately received an answer to the Letter I wrote Gov'r Living-
ston, he acknowledges your Merrit & that of Mr. Watkins & ex-
presses the warmest Friendship for you & your Families & con-
fesses obligations to your Father. At the same Time declines
recommending au}^ Person for office to a Post in the army even
his own son who was with Genl. Schuyler & woud wish to con-
tinue in the service. Since the Receipt of the above Letter I
am requested by his Excellency Genl. Washington to nominate
to him Officers for four Companies in one (of) the new Regiments
he is impowered to raise. If therefore you incline to accept of
one of these Companies & Mr. Watkins a Lieutenancy in the
same I will most readily & chearfully recommend you both which
is the most I can do & was more in my Power I need not tell you
I shoud not want inclination to serve you especially when I serve
my country at the same Time.
Yours sincerely,
George Clinton.
(To Peter Fell)
Pray let me have your & Mr. Watkins' answer as quick as pos-
sible.
554 Public Papers of George Clinton,
[No. 325.]
Capture of Three Prominent Tories.
Orange Town, January ye 16th, 1777.
Dear Sir,
Last Sunday I 'received information that some of the Jersey
tories who had gone off with the enemy intended to surrender
themselves prisoners. I set off Monday morning for the Clove,
in hopes of finding you there, expecting to receive directions
respecting them; upon my arrival there I found you was gone to
Ulster, whereupon I returned and found that John Jas. Van Bos-
kirk, Samuel Peck and Jacobis Peck had surrendered themselves
to Col. Allison, who had taken their parole and permitted them
to stay with their Families 'till called upon; the Col. would be
glad to receive your Instructions respecting them.
It may not be amiss to acquaint you with their behaviour : they
were all three with the enemy when they were at Orange town,
and the Pecks were very active in disarming our Friends. Saml.
Peck was an Offlcer in the militia as modelled by Congress, but
when danger drew nigh, he refused marching when ordered,
indeed all three have shewn themselves rank tories. The time
when we marched down to Bergen woods, Capt. Bell's company
of this place was on duty. I ordered them to march with us,
the capt. readily complied; when he got on his march about six
miles from this place both his Lieut'ts refused to march farther,
which occasioned great part of the Company to stay back; the
Capt. declares that -he will no longer serve with such ofiflcers,
your directions in this affair are also requested.
Last week I informed Coll. Shearwood that it was your direc-
tions and Order that seventy nine men (including officers) from
the Haverstraw regt., should immediately march down to Orange
Public Papers of George Clinton. 555
towu and put themselves under the command of Col. Allison and
that the remainder of that regt. should be dismissed till further
orders, but not a man from them has yet Arrived. Col. Allison
desires me to acquaint you that he has been under some necessity
of promising the militia now here, that they shall be dismissed
the latter end of next week, and he begs that the others may be
down by that time. We expect more tories in every hour. I
am of Opinion that your presence here is necessary for some
days. This letter is to be sent you by express from Goshen, hope
you will pay him.
I am, Sir, Your Most Obedient And Very Humble Serv't,
John Haring.
To Genl. Geo. Clinton.
DISPOSITION OF SURRENDERED TORIES.
A Problem that Clinton Could not Solve and Washington Avoided.
New Windsor 18th Jan'y 1777.
Dear Sir,
I have this Moment rec'd your Favour of the 16th Inst't. I am
realy at a loss to know what to advise Colo. Allison with Respect
to the Tories who already have or hereafter may surrender them- ■
selves. It was my principal Business to Morris Town to Consult
their Excellencys, Genl. Washington & Gov'r Livingston on that
subject, as I had reason to believe from Secret Information that,
many of the Tories woud pursue that Line of Conduct. I men-
tioned the Matter to Genl. Washington; he thought it a deli-
cate one & gave me no decisive Answer.* I, thereupon, w^aited
*As early as January 30, 1776, General Washington had written to Major General Lee:'
" The Tories should be disarmed immediately though it is probable that they may have
secured their arms on board the King's ships until called upon to use them against us.''
However you can seize upon the persons of the principals. They taust be so notoriously'
known that there will be little danger of your committing mistakes and happy should
I be if the Governor could be one of them."
To the Secret Committee of the Convention of the State of New York, under date of
556 Public Papers of George Clinton.
npon Gov'r Livingston but had not the Pleasure of seeing him
having a few Minutes before I Arived at his Lodgings, set out
for Head Quarters & I had not Time to return there it being
8 Miles distant. I have since wrote him on th[is]* Occasion &
referred him to the Genl. but have not as yet been Honored with
an Answer.
The Persons who have surrendered are Offenders of the first
magnitude but what shall we do with them? If we treat them
harshly it will prevent others from coming in & whether it will
be any advantage to us that they shoud, is a Matter of much
doubt with me. Upon the whole I think the Colo, has acted
with great Prudence in making no absolute Engagem'ts to them
& I woud advise him to forward them to the Civil Authority
of the State to which they belong, to be dealt with as they shall
think best, at the same Time letting them know that that is
the only regular Way they can obtain Pardon; indeed I wish the
Colonel woud send all the Prisoners under Confinement belong-
ing to that state to Morris County Goal, with their Crimes &
July 13, 1776, Washington wrote, in the case of the soldiers confined for seditious and
treasonable practices: " In the meantime I beg leave to suggest the propriety of the
authority of the province taking some steps with regard to those persons confined by
them for the same offences. They certainly are to be deemed the principals, and jus-
tice to the inferior agents, while the others passed unnoticed, I observe, only excites
compassion and censure. I am very sensible, it is a case full of difficulty and per-
plexity, and well deserving your most serious deliberations; nor do I entertain a doubt
but the result will be such as will conduce to the- public good. I have some time ago
mentioned to the body of which you are a committee, the necessity of falling upon
some measures to remove from the city and its environs persons of known disaffection
and enmity to the cause of America. The safety of the army, the success of every
enterprise and the security of all, depend so much on adopting the most speedy and
effectual steps for the purpose, that I beg leave again to repeat it; and do most earn-
estly entreat you to adopt some plan for this purpose, or give me your assistance so to
do as to remove those disquieting and discouraging apprehensions which pervade the
whole army on this subject. * * The removal of the Tory prisoners' confined in the
goal of this city is a matter to which I would solicit your attention. In every view it
appears dangerous and improper. In case of an attack and alarm there can be no
doubt what part they would take and none can tell what influence they might have."
Among the thirteen prisoners was the Mayor of the city of New York, who with his
comrades was removed to the jail at Litchfield, Connecticut.
•MSB torn.
Public Papers op George Clinton. 557
those belonging to ours to Goshen Goal, least they Escape as the
Guards are Careless.
I will do every Thing in my Power to forward the raising the
New Recruits to relieve you by the Time mentioned. I have
nominated the Officers for Orange & Coll. Pawling is now with
me to fix on those for Ulster. If I leave this at present it will
greatly retard this necessary Business which I must also attend
to in Dutchess & West Chester.
Capt. Bell's Lieuts ought to be arrested and the Colonel has
ample authority to convene a Court Martial for their Tryal.
Send Colo. Hay a written Order, as 'Brigade Major, to furnish
his Quota of Men. I can hardly think he will venture to refuse
complying with it. My Compliments to the Colo. & believe me
yours sincerely,
G. C.
(To Maj : Haring.)
[No. 326.]
Gen. Clinton Orders Col. HashroucJc to Relieve His Troops at Sijd-
711 an" s Bridge.
New Windsor 16th Jan'y 1777.
Sir,
As the Militia of the Counties of Ulster & Orange furnish 500
Men for guarding the Pass at Sidman's Bridge, near Ramepough
until new Levies can be raised for that Purpose, & 200 Men for
other Purposes are already drafted out of the two Regiments in
the North End of this County & marched; And, as the Propor-
tion furnished by your Regiment is 100 Men who have been so
long out in Service already that unless relieved they will be
greatly distressed, you are, therefore, on Receipt hereof, to order
out of your Regiment a number equal to those now in that Serv-
ice, properly Officered, armed & equiped, with Orders to march
558 Public Papers of George Clinton.
so as to relieve Capts. Tearpening & Kobinson's Detachments;
now at the above Post, on Monday Evening next at farthest;
of this you will not fail, as a failure may occasion the worst of
Consequences. I am
Your Most Humble Serv't,
Geo. Clinton B. Genl.
To Colo. Jonathan Hasbrouck.
[No. 327.]
Isaac Roosevelt Asks for the Discliarge of Prisoner John LacJcman.
Fishkill 19th Jan'ry 1777.
Sir,
Nicholas Lackman, who is the Bearer hereof, Informs me that
his Brother John Lackman is taken & made Prisoner at or below
the Clove. That he was on his way from New Jersey to New-
berry where this Nicholas Lackman now lives with Mr. Staples
Late Sugar Boyler of Mr, V. Cortlandt.
I have, therefore, to inform you that said John Lackman is a
Servant of mine and I Left him at Newyork in my Sugar house,
and as I suppose he has had nothing to do there any Longer, he
has inclined to Leave the City & go to his Brother at Newberry.
If he is not Chargeable with any thing matterially Criminal
against the American Cause, and if Confined by your order I
shoud be Glad you woud discharge him, & Permitt him to go to
his Brothers at Newberry, as he is in a bad State of health, as I
am inform'd; the Confinement may be Hurtful to him, and he
being a Good hand in my Sugar house I Cant well Spare him
when it may please God that I Can set my House at Work again.
I am with much Esteem,
Sir your most Humble Serv't,
Isaac Roosevelt.
To George Clinton, Esqr.
Public Papers of George Clinton.
559
[No. 328.]
Soundings in Hudson River (near West Point?) Taken 20 January,
stations
Length
Depth
Stations
Length
Depth
1
00
12
36
66
36
2
66
20
37
66
36
3
66
25
38
66
36
4
66
29
39
66
36
5
66
31
40
66
36
6
66
34
41
66
36
7
66
36
42
66
36
8
66
36
43
66
36
9
66
40
45
66
34
10
66
40
46
66
34
11
66
40
47
66
34
12
66
43
48
66
34
13
66
unknown
49
66 .
34
14
66
46
50
66
34
15
66
46
61
66
33
16
66
47
52
66
32
IT
66
47
53
66
31
18
66
47
54
66
30
19
66
47
55
66
29
20
66
46
56
66
29
21
121
45
57
66
28
22
66
42
58
66
28
23
66
40
59
66
27
' 24
66
39
60
66
26
25
66
39
61
66
26
26
60
39
62
66
25
27
66
39
63
66
25
28
66
36
64
66
25
29
66
36
65
66
20
30
66
34
66
66
20
31
66
34
67
66
20
32
66
34
68
66
19
33
66
34
69
66
18
34
66
34
70
66
16
35
66
34
71
66
12
70 X 66^
4620+121=4741 feet
then 48-4-4'
r46=98 Yaiseau defreases.
Total 71 45
»In the hope of obtaining additional light on this subject and of definitely locating
the place and places where these soundings were made, the following letter was
560 Public Papers of George Clinton.
(Note on back by George W. Clinton, " Soundings of Hudson
River taken January 20, 1777; supposed to liave been taken in the
Highlands in the vicinity of West Point. But the paper is found
by itself unaccompanied by anything to explain it.")
[No. 329.]
List of Goods, Grain, dc. Taken from Tories at and Near Hacken-
sack.
An Inventory of Sundry Effects taken in the House of one
Earle nigh Hackinsack on the 20th day of January 1777 & now
in store at New Windsor, vizt :
Army. — A Quantity of Bottles packed in a Barrell containing
Oyl of Juniper; Spirits Volatile & Salt of Tartar; One Hogs-
head with Herbs.
written to General P. S. Michie, U. S. A., Professor of Natural and Experimental
Philosopliy^ at West Point Military Academy:
" Dear Sir: —
Among the papers of Governor George Clinton, which the State of New York is pre-
paring to publish, is found a table marked " Soundings taken 20th January 1777."
On the first page is written in pencil, by George W. Clinton, who arranged and edited
the papers, " Soundings in Hudson River, Jan'y 20, 1777." The authority for this state-
ment is a line en the last page in Governor George Clinton's handwriting.
But George W. Clinton goes further, and adds the following on the last page: " Sup-
posed to have been taken in the Highlands in the vicinity of West Point. But the
paper is found by itself, unaccompanied by anything to explain it."
The only facts before us are: first, the soundings were made in the Hudson river;
Second, they were taken January 20, 1777— these two facts having been established by
Governor George Clinton.
My recollection is that the depth of water in the vicinity of West Point, in fact from
Storm King to the Dunderberg, is largely in excess of the figures contained in the
Clinton table, which I have the honor to enclose.
Have you at hand, any data that will enable me definitely to locate where these
stations began and where they ended? There is no record in the Journal of the Pro-
ceedings of the. New York Provincial Congress to throw any light upon the subject.
I am well aware General, that you are extremely busy just now, preparing for the
semi-annual examinations, and if you cannot answer the question off-hand, pray do not
Public Papers op George Clinton. 561
1 Large Stone pot wickered;
1 Steel Corn mill & Hopper;
1 Back Gammon Table;
1 Large dining Table; damaged very much;
1 Tea Table Damaged;
13 Chairs without Bottoms;
1 Chest of Drawers without Top or Brasses;
1 Spinnett;
1 Iron Chest left in charge of Colo. Hay;'
1 Chaise with all the Tackling, (except the Reins & Bitts).
Taken about the same time nigh Hackinsack. — 3 Looking
Glasses with gilt Frames.
waste any time on it. The question seems to be an interesting one, to me, and I fear
the longer it is delayed the more obscured it will become in the mist of history.
With expressions of the highest esteem, believe me to remain.
Very cordially yours,
(Signed) HUGH HASTINGS,
State Historian."
General Michie's reply is subjoined;
" Dear Sir: —
Unfortunately we have no data here that would throw light on the exact position of
the Soundings. American Archives, Fifth Series, Vol. Ill, pages 329, 332, 340, 348, 355
et seq. show that General George Clinton was engaged in seeing to the obstructions of
the Hudson especially at Pollopel's island late in 1776 and Boynton's History of West
Point, ra. 40, states that these were under construction in the autumn of 1776 and
spring of 1777— while those at West Point were so only in 1778. The character of the
soundings & width appear to me to give them the suspicion of having been taken near
Pollopel's island — for, as you remark/ those near us would give much greater depths.
1 am sorry that we have none on the line of the old boom and chain, from West Point
to Constitution island. I have heard that just at the north end of Constitution island
the depths are verj' great— as much as 60 to 80 fathoms— but I have never verified this.
There is a possibility that these measures may refer to the depths of the river at Fort
Montgomery which was finally placed across the river in March, 1777. (Boynton, foot-
. note, pa. 71.) (Ref. to Munsell's Plistorical Series No. V, 68.)
Very sincerely.
Yours,
(Signed) P. S. MICHIE.
The width of the Hudson at Pollopel's island is about that indicated. In the vicinity
of West Point it is not more than 1,400 to 1,600 feet.
Hastily yours,
P. S. M:"
36 •
562 Public Papers of George Clinton.
To be sent
to Fishkill to the
I
Armory kept in )►
I
the Shop of Jacobus
Cooper. j
1 (Cavet) or Fagot of Steel qt four small
I Barrs.
Continental Stores.
Stores found at Fort Lee 20th Jan'y 1777.
16 Iron Spades & shovels
8 pick axes
12 Iron potts
3 Horse Collars & Hams
2 Horse Cart Saddles
5 Old narrow axes
To be sent to the armory at Fishkill : 20 Old Tory Firelocks.
Preserved for the hospitals.
1 Hogshead near fail of Bohea Tea, taken by Colo. Allison's
order, and sent to the Quartermaster's Care at Slotts, There
was more taken but never delivered in. It was shared (as is
said) by Colo. Allison's & Hawthorne's order, among their men;
and account kept to whom delivered &ca.
Tory grain bro't to New Windsor:
124 Bushels of Rye To Ring wood ;
44 Do wheat 110 Bushels of wheat &
32 of Rye.
168
Besides what was fed to the Orange and Ulster County Light
Horse and to the Continental Horses and Cattle.
Public Papers of George Clinton. 563
The undermentioned Horses & Cattle taken by the militia of
General George Clinton's Brigade.
1 Black Horse at Capt. Slotts.
3 Do employd in the works at New Windsor.
2 Do at Esopus in the Care of Capt. Hasbrouck & John Dum«
ond.
2 Cows at Capt. Slotts in the Clove.
Taken with Zabriski Diiremus & Rider 15 Horses vizt.
9 at Major Du Bois's in Bethlehem on Charges per Day.
1 Returned to Duremus by order of Genl. Clinton,
1 in Charge of a Serjeant of the Orange Light Horse by said
order.
2 in Charge of General Clinton,
1 in Charge of Colo. Pawling.
1 sent to Jersey to General Mifflin.
15
In Mr. Duer's Care and Departm't. let him direct.
N. B. Twelve Continental Horses sent to be wintered out by
order of Colo. Duer, out of which there will not be above four
fit for Service by the spring; the Horses being small, old & much
abused.
1 Horse died of the Batts.
1 Do died in charge of Lieut't Yeoman of Capt. Haasbrouck's
Rangers, at or near Peramus.
564 Public Papers of George Cliiston.
[No. 330.]
THE PENEEAL KEPOKTS TO THE COMMANDER-IN-CHIEF.
And Discusses tlie Proposition to 'Nominate Officers for the New
A rmy.
New Windsor, 21st Jan'y, 1777.
Dear Sir,
I am this Moment honored with j^our Excellency's Commands
of the 19th Instant and will not fail exerting myself to the utmost
of my Power in raising & marching the New Levies ordered by
this State which I hope soon to effect. I have already nominated
the Officers for Ulster & Orange Counties & fixed the Proportion
of Men, that the Different Militia Eegiments are to furnish with
positive Orders to the Commanding Officers to have them raised
& ready for marching by the Beginning of next Week; in the
Mean Time I keep out at Hackinsack, Cloister & the Post near
Sydman's, five hundred of the Militia of those two Counties (being
the Number they are to raise) who are not to be relieved untill the
New Levies take the Field.
The Dutchess & West Chester Militia (out of which I am to
raise the remaining 500 Men) have long since marched towards
Kings Bridge in which Quarter they now are & until they Return
Home I fear I shant toe able to do any Thing to efllect towards
raising; that Part. I will however nominate the Officers & put
Matters in a proper Train that nothing may be wanting in me.
Agreable to your Excellency's Desire I will nominate the four
Gentlemen for Captains of New Regiments but as I have not yet
been favoured with the Arangement of Officers for the new Army
made by our Convention, I shall be oblidged to delay this a Day
or two, till I can procure a Copy from them, least I shoud run into
the Error of naming those already appointed, which I am- sensible
Public Papers op George Clinton. 565
woud have the bad Effect 3'our Excellency is apprehensive of. If
I can; discover four other Gentlemen fit & willing to enter the
service, as Captains, I will make it my Business immediately
to mention them to your Excellency. I will communicate to
Major Pawling your Excellency's Pleasure respecting him & I dare
engage he will exert himself in forwarding the Recruiting service.
From every account, the Recruiting service in this state goes on
beyond our most sanguine Expectation. I hope, therefore, that
we will soon be able to send to the Field our Proportion of a
Respectable Army indeed. I am with the Utmost Respect &
Esteem your
(To Gen. Washington.)
Excellency's, Most Obedient Serv't,
(Geo. Clinton.)
[No. 331.]
William Duer Condemns the Militia and Incidentally Suggests an
Appointment.
Dear General,
Paturiunt Monies, nasceter ridiculus mus.
This motto is truly applicable to the Expedition in this County
under the auspices of Genl. Heath. I refer you to Mr. Acker, for
particulars; for my own Part I am so heart sick, that I am not
able to dwell on so disagreable a subject.
The militia w'h has been call'd out, is under such bad Regula-
tion and so ill officered that nothing heroic can be expected from
them. I hope you have made considerable Progress in raising
the 1000 men w'h the Convention have put under your Command.
If you have not fixd on an officer to command the Quota to be
raised in West Chester, I beg Leave to recommend to you Major
Strachan of Crom Pond. I have been witness of his attention to
his Duty here and (what is better authority) Colo. Dubois says
566 Public Papers of George Clinton.
that he is an officer who has seen service, and may be depended
on. The major will I suppose wait on you in a few Days.
I am Dear General,
Yours with real Esteem,
W. Duer.
Jan'y 29th 1777.
(General George Clinton.)
[No. 832.]
Returns of Col. Malcom^s New Levies.
nil (?)
A Keturn of the Number of Men from Each Regt. of Militia
That have Joined the first Regt. of Levys Commanded by Colo.
William Malcom.
Names of the Different
Colos. of Militia. Kumberof Men.
Colo. Snyder . 30 To replace Men enlisted
by Lieut. Conolly on
Frontier 19 Total 49
Do Cantine 21 To do 19 Total 43.
Do Freer . .. 33
Do Graham 3
Do McClagherj 61
Do Johnson 1
Do Paterson 51
Do Woodhul 28
Do Van Alstine 24
Do Ludington 28
Major Hatfield 22
Col. Hay's 47
Total 352
Colo. Malcom reports that 4 has since joined & 1 to replace a
Recruit from Levies stationed at Pienpack.
Public Papers of George Clinton. 567
[No. 333.]
Returns of Col. Graham's New Levies.
nil (?)
A Keturn of the Number of men from Each Eegt. of Militia that
have Joined the third Regt. of Levies Commanded by Colo. Morris
Graham.
Names of thp different
Collos. of Melitia. Number of Men.
Colo. K, Yan Ransler 38 (Errors 8ix(?) too much
creditted to Cuyler.)
" A'm Wample 18
" Van Yoert 15
" Ab'm Cuyler 24
" Quackenbos 5
" Ph'p P. Schuyler ..14
" Jacob's Y. Schonhoven 15
" Stephen Schuyler 10
" Whiting 46
" Prears 3
" Ludington 1
"^Brinkerhoff 1
'' Graham's 65
" Livingston 26
" Yauess 41 Excess of 1 Credited
to Yan Alstyn.
" Eobt. Yan Eanseler 32
" Yates 4
353 Total ■
568 Public Papers of George Clinton.
[No. 334.]
Boll of Officers of Netv Levies for the Frontiers.
mi (?)
Roll of the Officers appointed in the Levies for the Defence of
the Frontier of the State &c. &c. &c. vizt.
Henry K. Van Renselaer "i -r • ^ ^ i -, ^
{. Lieut. Colonels Command't.
Albert Pawling J
commission'd Elias Van Buntschoten Major
Captains :
do Levi Stockwell
do Robert Wood
do Robert McKean
John Wood
Matthew Jansen
Joshua Whitney
William Faulkner
Ebenezer Smith Piatt
Jonathan Lawrence
Lieutenants,
do 0 Levi De Witt
do Wouter J. Vroman
John Smith
do John McBride
Peter Rosa
resign'd Jonah Hallet
Patrick Cronan
do Dirck Westbrouck — resigned
Abraham Westfall
resign'd do Dunham, late
Public Papers of George Clinton.
569
Lieut, in Coll. Van
Schaick's Kegt.
Lieuts.
com'd 0
Henry Pawling
do
William Erskin
do
Thos. Oostrander
do
Thos. Boggs.
do
Elswortli — Adjutant
Jonathan Hardenbergh — Q'r Master
John Smedes — Surgeon
Memo. Coll. V. Rensselaer recommends Nanningh Van Der
Heyden, to be a first Lieut, in the Regt. of Levies.
(Note by Geo. W. Clinton) : " this must be '78 or rather '79.")
[No. 335.]
Statement of DistrihuMon of Neio Levies at Frontier Posts.
nil (?)
Return of the Lieves Commanded by Lt. Coll. Henry K. Van
Renselaer, Raised for the Defence of the Frontiers, Stationed at
Albany, Skeensbury, Fort Dayton, Fort Edward, Sackendago, &
Cobus Kill,
Com miss
Officers
'd
Non
Commiss'd
Rank and file
Officcra Commandins? and
their Stations.
s
O
O
_o
o
o
a
'3
Q.
a
-.J
3
®
3
to
a
m
3
«?
^ O
V
u
p.
4J
a
a
"S
CO
■a
B
a
i
a
d
o
f
"S
o
a
O
I
-a
Field Oflficer
1
Isaac Bogert at Albany-
Levy Stokweli at Skeenabury
Capt. McKeen at Fort Dayton
1
1
1
4
3
24
42
71
137
16
1
6
18
14
46
61
85
4
1
1
Total
1
3
3
17
atCc
38
)bus
YL\\\
192
19
4
211
570 Public Papers op George Clinton.
One Lieut, with 18 men at Fort Edward, One Lieut, with 14
men at Sackendago and One Lieut, with 19 men at Cobus Kill,
not mentioned in the above Return.
16 men above mentioned are in noccolation at albany.
Henry K. Van Renselar Lt. Col.
[No. 336.]
Organization of a Regiment of the Continental Army.
1777 (?)
Establishment of the Infantry of the Army :
To each Regt:
1 Lieut. Colo. Command't. 1 Q'r m'r Sergeant
2 Majors 45 Sergeants
9 Captains " 1 Drum Major
22 Subalterns 1 fife do
1 Surgeon 10 Drums
1 Do Mate 10 fifes
1 Sergeant major 612 Rank & file.
To a Company,
1 Capt.
2 Subalterns — the four supernum'y Subalterns to have the
Rank of Lieuts.
one of them to inlist & forward on Recruits & one Drum & one
fife to attend him — the other three to do the Duty of Pay Master
Q'r m'r & adjutant.
Public Papers of George Clixtox. 571
[No. 337.]
Draft of Agreement ivith Carpenters to Prepare Obstructions in the
Hudson.
.__ 1777.
We the subscribers do severally promise «& engage to work as
Carpenters in the Business of obstructing the Navigation of Hud-
son's River near Polopen's Island under the Direction of General
George Clinton untill the first of May next unless sooner dis-
missed on being engaged the following Wages & Allowances to
wit, Eight shillings p'r Day for our Foreman and five shillings
a Day for each other Man; A Batiom & a half and half Pint of
Rum for each Man p'r Day. Witness our Hands this
Day of 1777.
[No. 338.]
Recruiting Orders for Dubois's Regiment.
mi (?)
H. Q. — F. Montgomery.*
The Honor of the State as well as it's safety is greatly con-
cerned in spedilly filling up the Regiments ordered to be raised
in it. Other States by extraordinary Exertions tho' perhaps not
better disposed have far exceeded this in furnishing their Quota
of Men for the service. From these Motives the General is in-
duced to permiit a larger Number of Officers than he coud other-
wise Justify to be absent from this Post on the Recruiting Ser-
vice, and as he hais a high Opinion of their Zeal & Activity he
expects their Success will equal his most Sanguine Expectations;
And that the Officers of the Militia who he has the Honor to
command will not oiniy countenance but give every possible Aid
to the Recruiting Service for those Regiments & the other Corps
*Head Quarters. Fort Montgomery.
572 Public Papers of George Clinton.
where the Officers are Members of this State. The Time to
which the Resolve of the Hon'ble, the Convention of this State,
giving Exemptions to such Persons as shall furnish a Man for
the standing Service from Militia Drafts is nearly expired. It
wou'd be well therefore for those who chuse to avail themselves
of it to do it within the limitted Time as it is not probable that it
will be continued longer.
(Indorsement on back: "Orders to recruiting Officers of Du-
Bois' Regt.")
[No. 339.]
George Peek to George Glinton — Petition in Behalf of Ship-carpen-
ters at PougJiJceepsie.
1777 (?)
Sir,
THIS Petetion Hum'ble Sheweth that We your Petetioners
Most Humbly Presume on your Goodness, Being Assured By
Sundry Examples of your Compassion that you will think and
take Pity on the Distressed Ship-Wrights of this Place, Which
Most of them is Eefugees from New York And Most of which
has Been out of Employ Ever Since they Came from fort George;
Altho the Convention Promis'd Imediate Employ Upon our
Return, which is now Better than three months. Worthy Sir,
If no Employment Can Be found for us, we and our Families
must Undoubtedly Suffer in a Short time For the want of Sub-
sistence.
Sign'd
In and Behalf of the Body of Ship Wrights,
George Peek, Clk.
To his Excellency George Clinton Esqr. Governor of the State
of New York.
Public Papers of George Clinton. 573
[No. 3iO.]
Statement of Anthony Kennedy as to the Enemy at and near Eack-
ensack.
1777 (?)
Anthony Kennedy, formerly an Adjud't in Colo. Kitzmas
and after a Capt. in Colo. Malcolm's Regiment, was taken
on the Retreat from New York, was confined till lately
in New York, when he got a Warrant from Momfort Browne to
be a Lieut, in a Brigade, to be raised & under his Command; says
he left N. York yesterday Morning about 10 o'Clock, came to
Hackinsack on a pretence of recruiting for s'd Brigade, mett
Capt. Campbell & his Ensign, two new Officers there on Recruiting
Servies; there was no Guard but a Corporael's at Hobock nor
any from that to Hackinsack. That he left them at Campbell's
Tavern about 11 o'Clock last Night. There were no Soldiers in
Hackinsack Town that he heard ; there was a small Guard at the
Bridge & to the North & some Troops at Ackquakanonk. That
he heard some regular Troops were to be sent up this Morning
from.New York to Hackinsack, some said two or three hundred,
but he thinks they cant spare more than one Company, as they
can now only relieve the Guard in New York. That Genl.
Woster has taken Fort Independance & on Thursday night at-
tacked Fort Washington & had like to have carried it had (it)
not been for a Reinforcement of Hessians, who flanked the Be
siegers, but they retreated with Order & Regularity taking off
their Artillery. By a Deserter from Genl. Woster, the Enemy
were informed that he intended attacking that Fort again last
Night & they had reinforced it. He thinks the firing last Night
and this Morning was the Attack.
Genl. Howe came to Town three Days ago. The Enemy's
574 Public Papers of George Clinton.
army intend crossing the Delaware on tbe'Ice. It is said in N.
York Genl. Lee is in prison in Brunswick & is to be tried by a
Genl. Court Martial for Desertion.
(Endorsed: "1776. Examination of Anthony Kennedy for-
merely Adjud't of Ritzmas Regt.")
Note in pencil evidently by the original editor of the Clinton
MSS : '' The above date '^ 1776 " seems to me a mistake. I suspect
the filing of this paper was done long after the taking of the
examination.
"My reasons are: the expedition against the forts mentioned
within was not undertaken till the middle of January 1777. It
was under the chief command of Gen. Heath, who reached the
vicinity of the Forts very early in the morning of Jany. IS, '77.
Gen. Wooster had command of one Division of the troops
(mititia) constituting the force employed, and it was the only oc-
casion on which Gen. Wooster was engaged in any such ex-
pedition against those Forts."
" (See Sparks' Life & writings of Washington, Vol 4, pp. 280,
281, Letter to Heath, and note, & pp. 306, 307, letters & note.)"
" Indeed the general tenor of the paper, especially the refer-
ences to Howe & Lee, & the Delaware ice, as well as what is said
of the attack on the Forts, all seem to require a date as late as
Jan'y. 1777."
[No. 341.]
Pay-roll of Capt. Salishurifs Company of Light Horse.
Feb. 4, 1777.
A Pa}^ Roll of Ofiicers non Commissioned Officers and Privates
Belonging to Capt. Silvester Salisbury Company, of Light Horse
of Kingston, in Ulster County, in Genl. George Clinton's Bri-
ga'e, in the service of the United States of America, commencing
Public Papers of George Clinton. 575
the 14th Day of August 1776 & Ending the 22d Day of the same
Month both Days included.
Names Commencing Ending Days Pay L SI
Capt. Silvester Salisbury 14:th August 22 aug't 9
1st Leut. Petrus Mynderse do do 9
2nd Leut. James Roe * 9
Qu'r m'r Tobias Dubois 9
Jacob Elraendorph, Jii'r do do 9
Adam Wolven 9
Thomas Sammons 9
Privates
Anthony Dumond do do 9
Philip Newkerk 9
Roelif Eltinge 9 -
James Hamilton 9
Gerrit Elmendorph, Ju'r • 9
Johan's H. Oosterhoudt 9
Petrus Dubois 9
Abraham Yan Wagenen 9
Abraham Burhans 9
Edwerd Oosterhoudt 9
Moses Patter sin \)
Frederick Yan Demerk Ju'r 9
Baltes Kieffer 9
Abraham Kator 9
Aldert Smeedes 9
Jacobus Yan Etten 9
Cornelis Cool Ju'r 9
Christian Dull '9
Petrus Chrispell Ju'r 9
Petrus Eosa 9
A. Hooghteling Clarke 9
576 Public Papers of George Clinton.
Kingston 4tli February 1777. I hereby^ Certify that I liave
examined the above Pay Abstract of Capt. Silvester Salisbury's
Company of Light Horse and have not discovered any Mistake or
Error therein in Kespect to the Number of Days they were in
Service.
[No. 342.]
MAJOK PAWLING'S MEMOKIAL.*
Which Indicates that History Repeats Itself in the Matter of Mili-
tary Esprit de Corps.
To the Honorable the Convention of the State of New York.
The memorial of Albert Pawling, Major of one of the Sixteen
additional Kegiments ordered to be raised by the Honorable the
Congress for the service of the United States of America and
officered by his Excellency General Washington.
*" Whereas it is the duty of every State to contribute as far as lays in their power to
complete their respective regiments as well in order to relieve the militia from frequent
and burthensome drafts, as (with the favor of Heaven) to ensure success to the great
and glorious cause in which we are engaged.
1st Therefore Resolved that any person within this State who shall on or before the
first day of June next procure at his own expence an able bodied man to enlist for three
years or during the war, in either of the five Continental Regiments raising under the
direction of this Convention within this State and now commanded by the Colonels Van
Schaick, Van Cortlandt, Gansevoort, Dubois and Henry B. Livingston, and shall deliver
such Soldier to any commissioned ofiicer of either of the said Regiments, he shall on
producing a certificate of such delivery signed by the said officer to the commanding
officer of the Regiment of militia to which the person so procuring such Soldier shall
belong, be exempted from all drafts from the militia for the term of time for which
the person so enlisted shall engage.
2d Reso'lved that every Soldier so enlisted and delivered, exclusive of what he shall
receive from the person by whom he was engaged, shall be entitled to the same bounty
and other privileges as are allowed to Soldiers in the Continental Army.
3d Resolved that every certificate cf the delivery of any Soldier shall contain the name
of the person delivered, together with the time of the delivery, and shall be signed by
the Officer to whom the same shall have been delivered, in the presence of a Justice of
the Peace or a chairman of the County or District Committee, by whom the usual oath
shall be administered to such Soldier, which justice or Chairman shall countersign the
said certificate in the presence of two creditable witnesses: and in case he shall suspect
any fraud or collusion between such officer and the person demanding a certificate, he
is hereby authorized and empowered to examine the said person and the officer or either
Public Papers op George Clinton. 577
Humbly Sheweth
That as well your memorialist as the Officers of four Companies
in one of the said Regiments, are members of this State as will
appear from the enclosed List: that most of them are persons who
have fled from the City of New York or Long Island leaving their
all behind them, rather than desert the Cause of liberty and their
Country by falling into the hands of the Enemy; And all of them
(one or two Subalterns excepted) have served as officers appointed
by this State in the service of the United States of America, and
though with some degree of military reputation, as will appear
by the recommendations given them to the Committee of Arrange-
ment by the General officers under whom they more immediately
served, yet they were (from unavoidable necessity as your memor-
ialist believes) unprovided for in the five Regiments assigned to
this State to raise.
Your memorialist further begs leave to premise, that the officers
of the said sixteen Regiments are not confined to any particular
State to recruit the same, notwithstanding which, it has been the
policy of the States of Connecticut and Massachusetts Bay to
grant their respective State Bounties, as well to Recruits (whereso-
of them upon oath touching the said fraud or collusion, and if they shall appear to have
been guilty thereof, he may and is hereby directed to commit the Criminal to prison In
order to his being tried for such fraud or collusion. And in case the said persons or
either of them shall be found guilty thereof, he or they shall be punished by fine and
imprisonment at the discretion of the Court by whom the Offence shall be tried.
4th Resolved that all such certificates as are above mentioned shall be filed with the
commanding ofiicer of the Regiment to which the person producing the same shall
belong bafore he can derive any benefit thereby.
5th Resolved that every person counterfeiting or fraudulently procuring such certifi-
cate without having actually procured and delivered a Soldier in manner aforesaid,
and every oflQcer signing such fraudulent certificate shall on conviction be subject to the
pains and penalties heretofore by Law inflicted on persons found guilty of Forgery."
Resolved that a Committee be appointed to consider and report proper Resolutions for
putting persons now- exempt from militia duties on a more equal footing with such of
the inhabitants of this State as are liable to the same.
Resolved that Mr. Jay, Mr. James Livingston and Mr. R. R. Livingston be the
Committee.
37
578 Public Papers of George Clinton,
ever enlisted) for those Eegiments as for tlje Artillery, where the
recruiting officers only are memibers belonging to either of those
States, by means whereof they furnish officers and this State men
for those choirs, and besides the honor of apparently furnishing
a large proportion of men for the war : at the close of it from the
well known attachment that men generally have to their officers,
they will acquire by this stroke of policy, whole Eegiments of
new Subjects at the expence of this and other of the States.
Yo'Ur memorialist however means not by this reasoning to ask
a Bounty or any extra encouragement for the Recruits of his
officers, and as he wishes so he will exert himself to raise as many
in other States as he possibly can, for which purpose his recruiting
officers have proper directions: But your memorialist can't help
humbly thinking that a late Resolve* of this Honorable House
giving an Exemption to such of the militia from being drafted
in the Service, as shall furnish or enlist men for either of the five
Regiments of this State only bears extremely liard on his officers
and will greatly retard if not totally prevent their filling their
Companies, except the same Resolve shall be extended to them.
Your memorialist therefore from a desire of promoting the In-
terest of this State, of which he has the honor of being a member
and of promoting the recruiting Service at large, by having his
officers put on an equal footing with others of the isame State,
has thought it his duty to lay the State of Facts contained in the
above memprial before this Honorable House with! the fullest
confidence {arising from the high opinion he entertains of their
wisdom and justice) that the said Resolution will be extended
*The copy of this memorial, as it appears in the Clinton Papers, seems to be but a
rough draft. The original copy from the Journal of the Provincial Convention, is there-
fore substituted in its stead.
Public Papers of George Clinton.
579
equally to the above four Companies as to the other Troops now
raising in this State.
And your memorialist as in duty bound shall ever pray «&;c.
(signed) Albert Pawling.
Kingston 14 April 1T77.
A List of the Officers of the four Companies alluded to in tht."
above memorial.
Capt. Nathaniel Tom
" John Watkins
" Black
'' Santford
Lieut't Wood
" Lawrence
" Neely
" Munnell
" Drake
" Oliver
" Kobert
" Eodman
ORDERED, that Major Pawling be informed that this Con-
vention, made and issued the Resolution referred to in his memor-
ial in order to aid in recruiting the five Regiments directed to be
raised in this State, which they conceived themselves bound in
honor to complete as soon as possible : And that when those Regi-
ments are completed^ the Convention wall give all such aid to the
recruiting Service in general as shall to them appear consistent
with the particular circumstances of this State.
[No. 343.]
George Clinton Opens War on Tories, Traitors and Delinquents.
Marble Town, 4th Feb'y 1777
Sir,
It has been a long & loudly Complained of, by the willing
and well disposed subjects of this State, that the disafected &
580 Public Papers of George Clinton.
refractory amongst us who have been & stil,l continue disobedient
to the Laws, go unpunished, & that while they screen themselves
from every kind of Military Duty the Burthen of it is unjustly
increased on the obedient & well disposed. Indeed it seems gen-
erally agreed, that unless proper Measures are taken to reduce
those Wicked Men to obedience to the Laws of the State & a
Sense of their Duty that the cause in which we are contending
will be greatly injured; and this you have expressed as your
own sentiments to me. These Reasons with others, have induced
me to order a General Court Martial to set at Mrs. Jane Mc-
Cobb's on the 6th Instant and I expect that such Officers & Pri-
vates of your Regiment, who have so misbehaved that the good
of the public service requires they shoud be punished, you will
arrest confine, & send them there with their Crimes & the Evi-
dences against them that they may be proceeded against. I am
Your Most Obed't Serv't,
To Lieut. Colo. Hornbeek in the absence of Colo. Pawling.
[No. 344.]
DELICACY TOWARD SUBORDINATES.
Gen. Clinton Expresses His Opinions in Regard to the Formation
of a Court Martial and the Treatment of Its Members.
New Windsor, 7th Feb'y, 1777.
Dear Sir,
I am favoured with your's of yesterday. I am exceedingly
sorry that the Gentlemen appointed Members of the Genl. Court
Martial, whereof you are President, have not attended, agreable
to the order for that Purpose. It gives me the greater concern
as this Court is appointed at the special Request of the Conven-
Public Papers of George Clinton. 581
tion of the State, for the Tryal of an Offender charged with
Crimes of the most dangerous Nature. You are sensible that
it has been long & loudly complained ol that the Disobedient
& Refractory pass unpunished, & fhat the willing & well dis-
posed, are thereby overburthened, with Duty, & unless proper
Measures were speedilly taken with the former the latter woud
grow more and more discontented & at length refuse & with
Apparent Justice on their side to submit to orders which others
evaded unpunish'd.
Those Considerations as well as a Comply ance with the Request
of the Convention induced me to order this Court, & I coud not
doubt, But that Gentlemen OflScers who have frequently & openly
declared their sentiments in the Necessity of this Measure would
have chearfully & punctually attended their Duty in this Re-
spect, & that the Commanding Officers of Regiments woud have
apprehended & sent before the Court such Offenders of their
Regiments as had been Guilty of such Crimes., as that the Good
of the public Service absolutely required that they shoud be
tried & punished.
I wished no more than to reduce People to a proper sense of
their Duty; it is the only true Use of Punishment & shoud never
be carried farther. I cant help but think, the Gentlemen ap-
pointed will attend to Day. Those in the Uper End of this
County I am sure will; I came from there yesterday .& know
they intended to be with you but as they live at a Distance I
suppose it was late ere they arrived.
There are some who are sick & others abroad; these cannot
attend but I have appointed 17, & 14 makes a Court but I now
enclose an Order appointing others in the Room of those absent,
582 Public Papers op George Clinton.
so as to be sure there will be a Competent Number, who can have
no reasonable Excuse & if they refuse to do their Duty let the
Blame rest on them.
I have done mine I can do no' more.
As to the Judge Advocate I am sorry he is sick; you are
hereby impowered to appoint any other capable Officer to act as
such. I woud wait upon you myself with Pleasure, but it woud
be inconsistent in me to attend a Coiurt Martial appointed by
myself & whose sentences I must afterwards approve or disa-
prove; the Impropriety you will readilly see & I know you woud
not wish me to do an improper Thing & vidll therefore readilly
excuse me.
The (juard who suffered Ansom to escape, you must take
proper Care of. If something ant done to correct the Remiss-
ness of guards & Sentries, it is Evident it is Imipiudent (impru-
dent ?) ever to Confine a Prisoner. Major Oantine has the
Articles of War & will attend the Court. Inclosed yoiu have an
order appointing new Members in the Room of those who I know
are Absent. I am your
Most Obed't Serv't,
Geo. Clinton.
[To Col. Woodhull]
Brigade Orders 7th Feb'y 1777.
Capt. Milligan & Capt. McBride are appointed Members of the
General Co'urt Martial whereof Colo. Woodhull is president in
the Room of Colo. Niooll & Lieut. Colo. McClaghry who are
Absent & cant attend.
Geo. Clinton, B. Genl.
Public Papers op George Clinton, 583
[No. 345.]
ROBERT ERSKINE DISTRESSED.
His StocJc of Pigs Diminishing, His WoodcJioijpers Gone to the En-
emy and His Forges in a Bad Way.
Ringwood, February 8th 1777.
Dear Sir,
I am sorry to inform you that the greatest part of my wood-
cutters have gone off to the regulars; there have been frequently
emisaries among them, the last I understand was an oid gray
headed man from about Hackensack. I am glad, however, to
hear that about 23 of them have been taken this week in Bergen
woods, where they were Cutting fewel & hope it is true; mean-
time, I beg leave to obseve that without wood I cannot again
blow our Furnaces, that our stock of pigs will not last about
half a year, and our Coals to about the middle of may; if, there-
fore, I cannot get a supply of hands we must stop ; as the greatest
part of the Iron works are stopt already, it is Certainly necessary
for the service of the Continent to keep some agoing if possible.
Our Forgemen are all at work making Irons for Chevaux de
Frize, which we execute at the rate of 40 a day; the quantity,
Capt. Machin, therefore, orderd will soon be finished, and any
further orders for the same service shall be punctually executed
by
Dear Sir
Your most obed't hum'e Ser't,
Robt. Erskine.
Genl. George Clinton Esqr.
584 Public Papers of George Clinton.
[No. 346.]
John Dorlon Aspires to he a Captain in Washington's Guards.
Fishkill 9th Feb'y 1777.
Hon'd Sir,
In Consequence of a Letter I Eeeeiv'd from Coll. Cornelius
Humfrey, I Came Down with an Intention of waiting upon the
General, but my being very unwell Prevents it for the Present.
Shall do my Self the Honour to Come about Wednesday next if
Possible.
The Purport of the Coil's Letter to me, was that the General
Had the Appointment of a Capt. in His Exeelency General Wash-
ington's Gaurds. Shall think it an Honour, Should be Glad to
Speak to Your Self first; the Reason why I did not apply before,
was the not Receiving the Coil's Letter Sooner, if the Vacancy is
flll'd Should be Glad the General would Send a few Lines to
Major Ter Boss's. I am in Haste
Sir Your much Oblige hble. Serv't,
Jno. Dorlon.
Court Martial of Private Samuel Knap, for Treason.
New-Windsor, 9th Feby. 1777.*
Dear Sir — As I have ordered a court martial for the trial of
Knap, of Colo. Heathorn's regiment, for disobedience of orders
and going over to the enemy; will be obliged to you to send by
the bearer the resolve of the committee empowering the court to
try him for treason, and the resolve respecting treason, as without
these the court cannot proceed, and they are already met.
Yours sincerely,
Geo. Clinton.
*From the Journal of the Proceedings of the New York Provincial Congress.
Public Papers of George Clinton. 585
P. S. If Mr. Harper left three shirts for me with you_, please
send them also per bearer.
John McKesson, Esq. at Fishkill,
[No. 347.]
A FRENCH GENERAL COMES TO TOWN.
A Coiii'pliment that Conveys a Lady " Inevitably " to Heaven, loWi
other Incidents.
Sir,
I promis'd to send you what news I could get here, but I can
asure you that this Town is as barren of news as any Countery
I have been in since I left Tyconderoga; there are every day
heavy firing heard at different places, but we hear nothing of
the success of either side; even Genls. themselves know nothing
of the matter; the English army is surrounded with troops on
this side, within 3 and 4 miles of the Town of Brunswick, in so
much that they cant get out to furrage without coming to blows.
Yesterday we hear'd a heavy fireing from Cannon and small
arms suppos'd to be Putnam or Lord Sterling; it began in the
morning and lasted till night, but we know nothing farther; we
hear that Genl. Heath has retreated from Kingsbridge at the
time he vv^as suppos'd to be in York; this is all je news I can
at this time send you, except that we have got a French Genl.
come to Town.
Please to present my best Comp'ts to Mrs. Clinton, Mrs. Blaw,
Miss Polly and all friends at Sopos. I'm sorry I'm not acquainted
With ye Lady, that must Inevitably go to heaven, as I should
like to have an Advocate there, and believe I shall stand in need,
for laughing at Yankeys and other folks.
I am Sir Your most Sincere friend and Humble Servant,
Trevor Newland.
586 Public Papers of George Clinton.
Morris Town, 9tb Feb'}^ 1777.
It is now ye 11th withoutli a word of News. I yesterday drank
punch with ye french Genl. which he brought from Martinica,
his name La Roche Fermoy, Chev'r, Count &c. &c.
Genl. Clinton.
[No. 348.]
General Cl'mto'ti's Instructions to Col. Pawling.
New Windsor, 10th February 1777.
To Colo. Pawling,
Sir,
You are to proceed to the Post near Sydman's Bridge and take
the Command of the Troops of m}^ Brigade raised in the Counties
of Ulster and Orange, & to continue in the service of the United
States of America, till the last Day of March next, and relieve
Colo. Allison or other OfiScer commanding A Detachment of the
MiUtia out of the said Counties in that Quarter with the said
Militia. You are to Continue yourself or Leave a prudent Field
OfBcer with a proper Detachment at that Post for the Security
of the same & the stores there. The Remainder of the Regiment
you are to advance to Cloister, Hackinsack, or some other Con-
venient Place, Where they will be best situated to give protection
to the well disposed Inhabitants of this & the State of New
Jersey, & curb the Disafected & annoy our Common Enemy tak-
ing special Care at all Times not to suffer any of the Troops un-
der 3'our Command to be surprized by the Enem}^ & to secure
their Retreat at all Times to the Passes of the Highlands which
must be defended at all Events.
On your Arival at the above Post, you are to dispatch an Ex-
press to his Excellence;, General Washington, informing him of
• Public PArEiis of George Clinton. 587
TOiir situation, streng-htli & tlie purport of your present orders,
that lie may give you such other as he shall judge necessary
which I need not tell you, you are to obey in preferrence to these.
You will as speedilly as in your Power send me a proper Muster
Roll & Return of your Regiment.
*The Inclosed Papers being Paroles, Accounts of stores &c.
taken »& sent me by Colo. Allison together with 40 „ in Cash you
will take in 3'our Care as you may have occasion for them in
your Department. Youl appoint out of those, who were in the
service last year such other good Officers to supply the Place of
those who were nominated by me & declined serving as you think
will best answer; trusting much to your own Prudence & Dis-
cretion. I am your Most Obed't Serv't,
Geo. Clinton.
[No. 349.]
Levi Pawling Assumes Command of a Regiment and Reports to
Washington for Orders.
Ramepough 10th Feb'y 1777.
Sir,
I arrived at this Place yesterday to take the Command of a
Regiment of New Levies raised by Brigadier Genl. George Clin-
ton, in the Counties of Ulster «& Orange to continue in Service
till the last of March next. The Purport of my orders from
Genl. Clinton is to relieve an equal Number of the Militia of
said Counties for some Time past in this Quarter; To leave a
Detachment under a careful Field OfiScer to secure the pass &
Stores at this Place and to Advance the Remainder of the Regi-
ment to Cloister, Hackinsack or some other the most Convenient
Place in that Quarter, to protect the well disposed Inhabitants
of this and the State of New Jersey, curb the Disafected & annoy
*Papers not found.
588 Public Papers of George Clinton. ■
the Common Enemy (which last he supposed might be effected on
their Parties getting Fuel in the Bergen Woods) Allways secur-
ing a safe Retreat to the above pass. At the same Time I was
ordered to give your Excellency the earliest Notice of my Arival
&Strenghththat I might receive such other Orders as your Excel-
lency shoud think proper to give me. My Regiment is at yet so
scattered as not to have it in my Power to make a Regular Re-
turn which I will do as soon as I can collect them to the differ-
ent Posts assigned them. It is to consist of 500 Non Commis-
sioned 0£Scers & Privates but I believe does not as yet exceed
450 as some of the Men are not yet come up.
I am with the utmost Respect your Excellency's Most Obed't
Serv't,
Levi Pawling.
[To Gen. Washington]
[No. 350.]
THIRTY-NINE LASHES FOR MUTINY.
Matthew McEinnep^s Punishment for Drawing His Sword on Ensign
Glashey.
Feb. 11, 1777 — Minutes and proceedings of a general Court
Martial, of General George Clinton's Brigade To be held and
Appointed to Sit at the house of Jane McCobb, In Ulster County
on the Sixth day of February and for the want of a Sufficient
Number of Members to make a Board together with other ma-
terial Reasons, adjourned over to the house of the Widow Crists,
near Ward's Bridge in Said County and Convened the 11th day
of the same month 1777.
Public Papers op George Clinton.
589
Members Appointed.
Coll. Jessse Woodlmll, President.
Coll. Snyder
Coll. Niclioll
Coll. Heathorn
Lent. Coll. Hardenbergh
Lent. Coll. Jaiisen
Lent. Coll. McClaghery
Major Jensen
Major Wjiikoop.
Major Popens
Major Cantiue
Major Phillips
Capt. Whoodhull
Cnpt. Sals'onrj
Capr. Nichol
Capt. Yan Kiieren
Capt. Gille?py
Capt. MilUgan
Capt. Little
Capt. McBride
Major Moffett appointed Judge Advocate an.d Unable to at-
tend.
Coll. Heathorn is appointed to officeate Judge Advoacte in
Major Moffett's place.
Members Present.
CoH. Jessee Woodhull president.
Coll. Snyder
Leut. ColL Hardenbergh
Lent. ColL Jansen
Maj'r Jansen
Maj'r Popins
Maj'r Can tine
Maj'r Phillips
1 Capt. Nicholl 1
Capt. Woodhull
I Capt. Salsbury
} Capt. Van Kueren
I Capt. Glasb_y
Capt. Milligan
Capt. Little j
Coll. Heathorn Judge Advocate
} Capt. McBride.
The afore Said members present and Judge Advocate Sworn.
The Tryal of Matthew McKenney a private of Capt. John
Glasbey's Company in Coll. Haasbrouck's Rigement in Ulster
590 Public Papers of George Clinton.
County, Came on and Stand Charg'd beforfe the Court, That he
the Said McKenney, Being ordered by Ensign Glasby of said
Company To march with Miletia to Fort Montgomery; Came with
His Naked Cutlash and being asked by the Ensign, " you Intend
to fight In Ernest," he answered " yes, where are wee to go,"
the Ensign answered " to Fight your Enemy," " Then I will
Finish at home first," and with that made a pass at the Ensign
and Cut his hat and Collered him.
James Dougles Deposeth and Sayth,
That on or about the loth day of July Last, when part of Oapt.
Glasbey's Company who stayed behind, where ordered to as-
semble at a place of Rendevous appointed by Ensign Samuel
Glasbey, one Matthew McKenney Came there with his Naked
sword; the Ensign Seing him Said, ''you Intend to go To war
Now," McKenney answered " yes, where are you going To send
us Now," The Ensign answered to Face your Enemy, McKenney
said he would finnish at home first, swinging his Sword over the
Ensign's Head, then the Ensign said " you dog, do (you) Come to
Bul-Eag me," with that McKenney Oollored him, the Ensign
Having his sword Drawn, says he whould make the Day Light
shine true him.
Hendericus Terwillege Deposeth and Sayth In Substance as
the above named witness James Douglas.
Jacob Willve Deposeth and Sayth,
Tliat at the time of Ensign Glasbey and Matthew McKinney's
Came together, he the said McKinney had his sword Naked In
his hand, that he saw them Together and beleives They had hold
of Each other, that McKinney had his sword swinging over the
head of the said Ensign and farther Not.
Public Papers of George Clinton. 591
John Colter deposeth and Sayth,
Tliat on or about the 15th day of July last He Came In order to
go with part of the melitia to fort Montgomery, but was not
present at the beginning of they Dispute Between Ensign Glas-
bey and Matthew McKinney, But, as far as he Could Learn from
the bulk of the People the Said McKinney Was In the fault, and
that he the said Depooienth was ordered to be one of the gaurd
to bring McKinney to Newburgh, and that the said McKinney
behaved Himself orderly and becoming whilst under gaurd, and
farther Sayth Not.
Roelif Litts Deposeth and Sayth,
That after McKinney Came to the Company He heard Ensign
Glasby Call McKinney a Dog, and the Ensign Drawing his Sword
with that McKinney Laid hold of the Ensign and farther sayth
not.
Hugh Doghaty Deposeth and Sayth,
That he Saw Matthew McKinney Coming to The Company
with his naked sword In his hand, and heard some person say
are you Come to Fight, " yes " answered McKinney " Is it not to
fight yon want me," and farther sayth he heard Ensign Glasbey
Call McKinney a dog, and with that McKinney said he would not
be Called a Dog by no man, and so Laid hold of the Ensign, And
this Deponenth farther Sayth that the Ensign pointed his Sword
at McKinney's Brest and farther Sayth Not.
Jonthan Decker Deposeth and Sayth,
That he heard Ensign Glasbey Call Matthew McKinney a dog,
and that Matth'w McKinney had a Sword In his hand, and
kitched the Ensign by the Collor, with that the Ensign Drew his
sword and Commanded assistance, and farther says that he saw
said McKinney turning Up his sword and thought he was to
blame, and afterwards the said McKinney was ordered to the
592 Public Papers of George Clinton.
River with a gaurd, and that he behaved on-, the way orderly and
farther sayth not.
This Court having duly and deliberately Considered the Charge
and Evedence against Matthew McKenney of Capt. Glasbey's
Comp'y and C'll Haasbrouck's Eegiment in Ulster County, and
Do adjudge that the said Matthew McKenney be Immediately
Confined in Esopus Goal, and Receive Thirty nine Lashas on the
Bear Back.
Attest
John Hathorn Judge Adv'te. ,
The Within are The proceedings of this Court Martial in the
Case of Matthew McKenny.
Jesse Woodhull, President.
[Sentence '' approved " by Gen. Clinton]
[No. 351.]
GEN. CLINTON REPORTS TO THE STATE CONVENTION.
Drafts or Volunteers — Question of Rations — Confiscated Property
of Tories — Obstructing the Hudson.
New Windsor 13th Feb'y 1777.
Sir, I
I begg Leave to inform the Honorable the Convention that
pursuant to their Resolve I have (with much Difficulty) raised
500 Men in the Counties of Ulster and Orange & marched them
(a few Refractory Persons who have run off or conoealed them-
selves excepted) to the Post at Sydman's Bridge & Cloister of
which I have directed Colo, Pawling who I have nominated to
Command them, to give his Excellency Genl. Washington Notice.
The Militia of Dutchess & West Chester Counties or a great Part
Public Papers of George Clinton. 593
of them being called out (as I am informed) about the Time I
received the Convention's Orders to raise 500 Men out of those
Counties & but lately returned, has prevented my attempting
it & now they are at Home I am at a loss hovr to set about it.
It is my Opinion that they cannot be raised as Volluntiers^ it
would be work of Time to try it & if- we failed & were oblidged
afterwards to draft them, it coud not be accomplished much sooner
than in the Time to which they are to be in the service; not to
evade any Duty the Convention may think proper to assign me
but in the present Case I am sure were the Commanding Offlcers
of the Militia of each County orderd to raise their Proportion of
these Men, it would be more speedilly done than if it is left to me
& If I am to attend to it, it will so break in upon my Time as to
prevent my giving that attention to the Business of obstructing
the Navigation of Hudson's Eiver which it's Importance & the
short Time in w^hich it must be compleated requires. Major Pawl-
ing the Bearer of this will wait upon Convention with a List of
the Officers I woud recommend for the above service & wait the
Answer & other Directions of the Convention. The Artificers
imployed under Capt. Machin some Time ago complained that
they cud not live on a Single Ration. I readilly consented to
order the Commissary to deliver them more, charging the Extra
Allowance to their Account. This I thought reasonable as they
had contracted at a Ration a Man p'r Day & their Wages, con-
sidering the season, very high. Indeed they confessed my Offer
Reasonable; but I am since informed they are allowed a Ration
& a half by Convention in Consequence of a Petition to them for
that Purpose & I am informed they now. begin to sell Meat in the
Neighbourhood. I am sorry Convention indulged them, it is the
38
594 Public Papers of George Clinton.
same as increasing their Wages & will give discontent to the
Country besides other bad Consequences.
I have ordered Major Taylor, Assis't Quarter Master Genl, to
lay before Convention an exact account of stores which have
been delivered him at Ramepough, where taken & from whom
received; amongst these you will find many articles of no public
use. They were taken as^ the Property of Disafected Persons
belonging to this state now with the Enemy tho' without my
orders, and some of them Plundered by the soldiers contrary to
the most positive orders & taken from the Plunderers. I begg
Convention woud direct what is to be done with these Articles
as I am at a loss what is Right & best to be done with them had
they not been removed by our People they woud in all probabillity
again fallen into the Hands of the Enemy. We want some Pitch
& Oakum exceedingly, to prepare the Loggs for bouying the Chain
which I know not where to get. That Part of our Work is at a
stand for want of these Articles. I am with due Respect your
most
Obed't Serv't,
G. C.
[No. 352.]
B. G. Livingston's Oath of Allegiance to United States, Certified to
by George Clinton.
iState of New York, ss: I A. B. Do solemnly swear, that I will
be faithful and bear true Allegiance to the united states of Amer-
ica, and them will defend to the utmiost of my Power, as free and
Independant States, against George the third. King of Great Brit-
ain, and his Parliament and all other the Enemiesi of the said
states either Foreign or Domiestic. So help me God.
Public Papers of George Clinton. 595
Names of persons sworn. Time when. Before whom.
H. G. Livingston 14th Feb'y 1777. Geo. Clinton
State of New. York ss: I do hereby certify, that on the four-
teenllh Day of February, in the year of our Lord, one thousand
and Seven hundred and seventy seven, before me, George Clinton,
Brigadier General of the Militia of the Counties of Ulster and
Orange, personally appeared H. G. Livingston Son to Mr. Gilbert
Livingston Merch't of the City of New York late Aid de Camp
to Lord Sterling, ajnd delivered up a certain printed Instrument
under the Hand and Seal of Lord Howe & countersigned by
Henry Strachey, bearing Date the 2oth Day of December 1776,
purpoirting to be a Pardon to the said H. G. Livingston from
George the third. King of Great Britain «&ca. of all Treasons, Re-
bellions, Insurectionisi & Conspiracies against him the said George,
his Crown and Dignity, And at the same Time, he the said H. G.
Livingston, did take the Oath of Allegiance to the united States
of America. Given under my Hand at New Windsor the Day
& year first above said.
[No. 353.]
Sugar as Contraband of War.
New Windsor 14th Feb'y 1777.
Sir,
The Bearer, Mr. Joihn Everett, a Resident & Man of Reputation
in this State, informs me that he purchased a Quantity of sugar
in your state before the passing the act prohibiting the removal
of such articles out of the same. That it is now at Milford & h&
fears he may be prevented under that Law from bringing it into
this state. I have advised him not to medle with it, till he first
.states the matter fairly tO' your Honor, being assured that what-
596
Public Papers of George Clinton.
ever is just & Right in your Power you will readilly o'rdei* concern-
ing it. I ami with due Respect
Yoiur Most Obed't Serv't,
G. 0.
To the Honble. Jonathan Trnmible, Esqr.
[No. 354.]
Goui't Martial Proceedings in the Case of Jacobus OosterJiout.
,At a General' Court Martial held at the House of the Widow
Hills near Good will meeting House in Ulster County on Fryday
the 14th day of February 1777.
Present Coll. Woodluill, president.
Coll. Snyder 1
Liat, Coll. Hardenbergb
Lint. Coll Jansen
Maj'r Jansen
Maj'r Cantine
Maj'r Poppens
Maj'r Phillips j
Capt. Salsbiiry
Capt. Van Ivenrcn
Capt. Glasbey
Capt. Milligan
Capt. Little
Came on the Tryal of Jacobus Oosterhoudt of Coll. Pawling'^
Rigement in Ulster County.
Who Being Charged Before this Court, of Negligently" sufferiiig
Doct'r Johannis Ossen (to make his Escape) who was Committed
to His Care by liiut. Coll. Hoornbeek, in order to bring him be-
fore this Court.
Jonathan Wesbrouck Deposeth and Sayth,
That when they Came to the Palts Creek, in order to go over to
Lodge at the Palts, he was ordered by Serjient Oosterhoudt to
go and see how the ice was, and finding the Edge of the ice Broke,
the Serjt. and Peter Ennerly Came to him at the Edge of the Creek
Public Papers of Gteorgb Clinton. 597
and Leaving Cryn Oosterlioudt witli the prisoner in the slay, and
as they were^ trying the ice he heard some body Bunning along
the shore up the River, he suspecting it to be the prisenor, and
Calling to the Rest of the Gaurd " there Groes the docter," and
with that went in Search of Himi but did not see himi and others
of the gaurd searching and Found his track as they imagin'd in
the snow and follow'd the same to the Edge of the kreek where
the found the ice Broke ; and Further this deponent saith that he
with the Serje't went the next Morning, as also with the Rest
of the Gaurd, traced the said track and place where the ice was
Broke which Confirmed him that it was a person that had gone
in there, and also found the ice Broke up along the Edge of the
River till where the person had sometime sat under the side of
a very steep Bank in the Edge of the River; This Deponent Fur-
ther says, that the water was Deep the ice weak and the Bank
so steep that is [it] was impossible for any person to get up.
Neither Doth he believe he did Come back the way he went up,
and Rather beleives he was drowned.
Petrus Ennerly Deposeth and Sayth,
That as they was on thier way Bringing Doct'r Ossem, a pris-
oner From Esopus to the Widow McCobb's at the Palts River, he
this deponent and Jacobus Oosterhoudt who was Serjiant of the
gaurd and three othersi with the prisoner all in one slay at the
Edge of the River, about nine a Clock at Night being pretty dark,
the Serjt. ordered this deponent and Jonathan Wesbrouck to go
out of the slay and try the ice and the Serjt. also Came out
of the slay after them, and Left Cryn Oosterhout in the slay
with the prisoner; and while they was trying the strenght of
the ice being about ten yards from the slay, he heard Jonathan
Wesbro'uk who was standing by them say, there goes the prisoner;
598 Public Papers of George Clinton.
with, that they Run where they heard the npise but did not see
him. Than asked Kryn Osterhout " where is the prisoner " or
which way did he go; he said he Could. not tell. Then this de-
ponent with the Serjt. found the prisoner's hat, about Fifty yards
distance from the slay on the Track where he went trough the
snow to the Edge of the River and then Run up the River a small
distance and found the ice Broke and next morning all the gaurd
prO'Seedeth and found the matter as Jonathan Weisibroiuck Eve-
dence declares and believes the said person was drowned. And
Farther 'Sayth Not.
This Court having Taken into Consideration the Charge and
Evidence against the above namied Jaooibus Oosterhondt & Do
look upon him Grilty of suffering Doct'r Johannis Ossem make his
Escape and Do adjudge that the said Serjt. Jacobus Oosterhout
ought to be Broke of his office and pay the sum of forty shillings
fine and be Confined in Esopus Goal till said fine is paid.
Attest The within is the proceedings
John Hathorn, Judg Ad'te. of this Coiurt Martial in the Case
of Jacobus Ouisterhont.
Jesse Woodhull, President.
[" Approved " by Gen. Clinton.]
[No. 355.]
Lieut. Tiebout Preferred to Shoot Game than Men and Was Cash-
iered in Consequence.
At a General Court Martial held at the House of the Widow
Hill Near good will meeting house in Ulster on ye 15 Day of
febrv. 1777.
Public Papers op George Clinton. 599
Present
Coll. WoodhuU, President.
Coll. Snyder f Capt. Salsbury
Lent. Coll. Hardenbergli
Lent. Coll. Johnson
Capt. Van Curen
Capt. Millican
Maj'r Johnson < Capt. Glashey
Maj'r Cantine
Maj'r Popins
Maj'r Wjnkoop [
Capt. Little
Capt. M'Bride
'Came on the trj^al of Lent. Tebow of Capt. Bartolf's Comp'y of
Coll. John Heathorn Kigm't in Orange County; stand Charged
with Neglecting to march with the Militia to Tappaun as well as
other Matters to ye Injury of this State.
John Miller Sworn and Sayth,
fThat he Warned Leivt. Tebow to go With ye Militia But was
not home the Evening Before the malitia march; heard he was
gon Hunting; I went again the Second time to warn him and
some Days after ye first time, and ye Leivt told me he was not
able to go, for he had a Boyl that Hindred him^ and I Do not
think that if ye Leivt Left alone but he whould be a whig as I
Beleive him to Be oblidged to be Ruled by his father, and farther
sayhth not. •
John Skinner Sworn Deposeth and Sayth,
that ye Day Before the Militia Marched a travalar came to
the house of Andries Tebow and said that General Washington
was tacken and that the Melitia was to Be called; that this De-
ponent Levt. Tebow and Peter Tebow with old Mr. Tebow was to
go that morning a Hunting, But Lent. Tebow and Peter Tebow
said that thay whould go Down ye pond a Hunting without the
Hounds and this Deponant under stood that thay where to go
600 Public Papers of George Clinton.
Out of ye way, Least they should Be wai^ned to go with the
Militia; that he heard old Mrs. Tebow tell the two Sons that they
Should Send up Nicholas Teachmen to See how matters where,
and ye iSaid Leivt and Peter Tebow took provision with them;
accordingly Nicholas Teachmen and his wife came up that Same
night and said that Leut. and Peter Tebow was at their House
and the Said Leut. & Peter Eeturned Home in about three Days
time and stayed at home a few Daj^s and then whent out again
Hunting and Eeturned Home unwell and complained that he had
a Boyl; and some time after Capt. Bartolf give him orders to
march and said that he Did not think he was so Bad as he pre-
tended to Be. Leut. Tebow said that if Capt. Bartolf told him
so he whould Kick his — — . and farther sayth not.
John Gee Sworn and Sayth,
That about ye time when the Rigulars came first into Hacken-
sack they Exspected the militia whould Be called, he heard Leut.
Tebow say that if he Did fight he must fight for the Rigulars
and heard him also Declear that at Several times.
The Court haveing Tacken in to Consideration the Cause of
Leut. Tebow of Capt. Bartolf's Comp'y and Coll. Heathorn's
Rigment in Orange County and haveing Carefully Examined ye
alligations of ye Evidance Do adjudge that ye said Leut. Tebow,
Be Oasherd and pay ye sum of five pounds fine.
'Attest.
John Hathorn, Judg Adv'te. The within are the Proceedings of
this Court Martial on the Tryal
of Lievt. John Tebow.
Jesse Woodhull, President.
[" Approved " by Gen. Clinton.]
Public Papers of George Clinton.
601
[No. 356.]
Trouble Over Pay Rolls Then as Now.
Feb. 16, 1777. A Pay Koll of Captain William Telfler's Com-
pany in the Regiment commanded by Lieutenant Colonel Mc-
Claghry, of Ulster County in General George Clinton's Brigade
of Militia ordered into the Service of the united States of
America^ pursuant to a Resolve of the Committee of safety of
the State of New York Dated the Day of December 1776
commencing the Day of their March & Ending the Day of their
Return Home both Days included.
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Sir,
New Windsor 16th Feb'y 1777.
Notwithstanding particular orders were issued for making out
the Pay Rolls of the Militia the few that have been sent in by
the Captains of Companies to their Colonels in this County are
so irregular & formed upon such different Principles that nothing
can possibly be done with them. I have, therefore, thought best
to prevent unnecessary Delay & trouble to fix one Precedent for
the whole a Copy of which I now enclose you for your Regiment.
The Regimental Pay Abstract formed from the Pay Rolls of the
different Companies are to be in usual Form only noting those
€02 Public Papers op George Clinton.
on furlow & Deserters. I have also wrote a form of an Oath to
be taken by the Commanding Officer of the respective Compa-
nies. This I am induced to advise you to have done as I am
informed that the Officers of the Militia who were out in the two
months' service last summer had to swear to the Truth of their
Pay Rolls in Convention, before they were paid. The Pay is to
be according to the old Allowance as the new Pay respects the
new army only.
I am youp most Obed't Serv't,
Ulster County ss : This is to Certify that on the Day
of 1777 the within named Captain William Telfler
appeared before me Chairman of the Com-
mittee of the Precinct of New Windsor and being duly sworn
made Oath that the within Pay EoU is just & true in every
particular according to the best of his Knowledge & Belief.
[No. 357.]
SAMUEL DEVINE SENTENCED TO DEATH
For Mutiny, Sedition and Using Violence Against His Superior Offi-
cers
At a General Court Martial held at ye house of je Widow Hills
near good will meeting House in Ulster County ye 17th & 18th of
fabruary, 1777.
Present — Coll. Woodhull, Prenident.
Coll. Sneyder l Capt. Salsbery
Leut. Coll. Hardeiibergli Capt Vancnren
Lent. Coll. Johnson \ Capt. Glasbey
Maj'r Johnson j Capt. Little
Maj'r Popini i Capt. M'Bndft
Maj'r Wynkoop j Capt. Mellic:in
Public Papers of George Clinton. G03
Came on je tryal of Sammual Define of Capt. Boudiwyn Tear-
pening Comp'y in Coll. Hasbrouck Rigm't in Ulster County.
Who Being Charged Before this Court of Disobaying of orders-
and abusing his Superior officers as also of Speaking Disrespect-
full of all authority Under ye Congress adeing and assisting the
King.
Abraham Scutt Sworn Deposeth «& Sayeth,
That he whent By order of Capt. Tarpening to Warn Sammual
Devine to come to the training. Devine said that he the Deponant
with the order and farther said is the
D d Reble not tiered to warn me yet, he has warned me from
time to time and I will not train under him; this Deponant
farther sayeth that Devine has of Late not attending training
and that Devine's General Carractor is that he is a torey and
keeps out of ye way to screan him Self of Doing Duty and further
Saith not.
Capt.' Boudew yn Tarpening Deposeth & Sayeth.
that some time after ye militia had made a Draft to go under
the Command of Coll. Pawling he whent to see Sammul Devine in
order to ask him what Reasons he liad for not attending, he said
he whould not attend and wished that ye Capt. and Coll. Has-
brouch where and that he has not
appeared But once or twice this Summer at ye training and at one
time In particular when the Roll w^as called he answered here I
am. . . . you, and at the time when the company was called to-
gether in order to Sign the assosiation, this Devine called out he
that was for je King, must follow him and Drew the greater part
of the Company after him and has Ever Since Behaved him self
unfriendly to ye American Cause and farther sayth not.
604 Public Papers of Gborgei Clinton.
Capt. Drack Sworn Sayth,
That at the time of the Signing of ye association Sammual De-
vine was a Sergt. in Capt. Tarpening's Comp'y and after ye comp'y
had Been imbodied, this Devine Discharged the men without
Leave of ye Capt. and told the Capt. he had as good Eight to Do
that as he had, and some time after when the Comp'y meet to-
gether ye King Proclamation was Read, this Deponant was then a
Lent, under Capt, Tarpening and said that it Should not Be Read,
Devine Swore By his maker it should Be Read; the Capt. Came to
them Devine haveing a Club in his hand the Capt. intending to
take hoult of it as he was Lefting it up and so Laid Hoult of Each
other, and when this Deponant had tacken him in order to Bring
him Before this Court he Called to ye people in the house to come
out and assist him that ye Rebles had itacken him and that his
Behaviour has Been Very Refractory this Long time in ye Com-
pany and farther Sayth not.
Benjamin Duyenberg Deposeth and Sayth,
That some time about ye 5th of FabruaryLast,hewhent to warn
Sammual Devine to go in ye two months Service, By Virtue of
an order of Capt. Tarpening^ he the said Devine D . . . . d him and
ye Capt. for Rabies and Said, what makes the Captain warn me
for he knows well anough I will Do no Duty under him and he
farther D. . . ,d ye Congress and said that he was a good subject
and Hoped to Se the Capt. Henged in two months time and he
whould Dance under ye gallows and that thay whould soon Dis-
troy the wiggs and farther saith not.
Dene Relja Sworn Deposeth and Sayth,
That Sammual Devine Came to his house with one Horton;
thay where talking that ye Regulars whould Be soon at New-
burgh and that Capt. Tarpening had no Right to Command ye
Public Papers of George Clinton. 605
Comp'y and that ye Capt. had Laid Down his Oommission and had
taken a Rabies Commission But he had his yet and farther Sayth
not.
The Court Haveing tacken in to Consideration the cause of
Sammual Devine of Capt. Boudewyn Tarpening Comp'y in Coll,
Hasbrouck Rigm't in Ulster County,
And Duly Examined ye proofs and alligations of ye Evidauce
Do fiend him guilty of mutiny, sedition and useing Violance
against His superiour officers and Do adjudge him to .suffer the
pains and pennalties of Death.
Attest.
John Hathorn, Judge Adv'te.
The within are the proceedings of this Court Martial in the
Tryal of Samuel Devine.
Jesse Woodhull President.
[No. 358.]
Capt. Dorlon too III to Accept a Commission.
Fishkill Febry. 18th 1777.
S'r,
Having Been with Capt. Dorlon this morning who Indeed is
very sick at present and Requested to me to write to the Greneral
that the Reason of his not Coming over to See the Grenl. Agree-
able to his Letter Sent; is, that he was taken very 111 some Days
ago and Remains so yet at present, being obliged to keep his bed
Continually and not knowing when he will Get better and think-
ing that if he should Remain in this Condition for Some time
and a birth be kept open for himi that it might perhaps be a
606 Public Papers op George- Clinton.
Determent to Our Cause; therefore thinks itvbest toi Decline, So
tbat Some Other Person may have the birth and Raise the Com-
pany in Season which he thinks Will not -be in his power fearing
he will not be well time Enough.
The Above is a Letter I have wrote to the Genl. at the Request
of Capt. Dorlon who not being able to write at present and Lays
very Sick at Coll. Dirck Brinckerho-ff's.
I am S'r Y'r Most Hble. & Most Obdt. Serv't,
Hendrick Wyckoff D. C.
[Gen. George Clinton]
[No. 359.]
GEN. CLINTON EXPOSES A TORY.
Mr. Terhune Obtains a-n American Pass and Uses it to Purchase
Horses for the Enemy.
New Windsor 18th Feb'y 1777
Gentlemen, ,
I am favoured with yonr^s of yesterday & woud gladly wait
upon you as I wisih a speedy Determination respecting the Horses
taken from Doremus and others, but being oblidged to attend
Convention at Kingston Tomorrow & next Day & after the Close
attention I shall be oblidged to pay to the Business of obstructing
the Navigation of the River will prevent it. Major Taylor Assis't
Q. Genl. is now at Rammepough; I expect him here on Thursday
next «& have directed him to attend you on the Business to give
you the necessary Information & exhibit the Proof in Behalf of
the Public. The following are the state of Facts which induced
the seizing the Horses & Cash.
About 3 or 4 Days after the Enemy took Possession of Hackin-
sack the second Time & with such parade & strenghth as to induce
Public Papers of Gteorge Clixtox. 607
the Country round it to believe tliey intended to liold it & give
security & Protection to their Friends in that Quarter, Doremus
camie to my Lodgings at Ramepough & requested a pass to go to
Esopus which I at first refused him, as it was suggested to me
that sundry Persons had been up in that Quarter & purchased
Horses for the Use of the Enemy & because his going there woud
create Discontent wliile the Militia of that Part of the Country
were out to defend his Neighbourhood. He assured me his Busi-
ness was not to purchase Horses, his only Motive being to see his
Acquaintances while he coud not follow his Business or Live at
Home on Account of the Enemy. That he said he had an Aunt
or an Old Neighbour Woiman who had lost all her Horses but one
by the army & if permitted he woud purchase one (he says two
be it so) for her to enable her to get Fuel. I refused him a pass
if to purchase one Horse alledging Esopus tO' be a Place where
he would get high Priced Horses only which would * &
infallibly fall in the Hands of the Enemy if brought in that Neigh-
bourhood, that for the Purpose she wanted a Horse he coud be sup-
plied in the Neighbourhood. Whereupon he promised not to pur-
chase a singleHorse. I inquired who his acquaintanceswerehe told
me Domine Eomyn & Major Gortjn who live at Shaw-
angonk. I informed him that was 20 Miles south of Esopus &
gave him a Pass to go to Domine Romyn's & no farther. When
giving him the Pass he then first informed [me] that Zabriskie
& Ryder were with him & vouched for their good Chare cter, &
Business being the same of his whereupon I added their Names to
the pass. They set out, passed by Domine Romyn's without call-
ing on him either going or Returning, went to Esopus, Marble
Town «&ca. purchased 13 Horses at Exorbitant Prices, giving £60
* Indecipherable.
608 Public Papers of George Clinton.
for a Pair that was last fall offered for £40, giving out they were
for Continental service, bought by my order & produced my Pass
as an Evidence of the Fact. On their Eeturn, instead of passing
my Quarters which was their nearest Way, they went through
Groshen & Warrick intO' Pomptown, where they were taken at a
House within 7 Miles of where they were to winter their Horses
(as they pretended) having travelled but about twenty Miles that
Day.
Is it Credible that they purchased these Horses as they pretend
for their own Uise, while the Enemy were possessed of their Coun-
try & they quite uncertain whether they woud be a:ble to cultivate
their Farmis in the Spring, & especially at such high Prices &
to be kept during the Winter abroad when Forage is so scarce
& dear as that the keeping of a Common Horse will amount to
more than his real Value? But if their Intentions were honest
what coud have induced them to Lie & deceive the public as to
the Use for which the Horses were Intended ? And why take a
different Route to shun me on their Return?
Terhune who furnished themi with Cash to purchase Horses
lives about a half Mile out of Hackinsack has no farm of his own
nor the keeping for Horses. He lived among the Enemy had
taken their Protection; these Fellows well knew this yet they be-
came his Agents & as I am informed were to receive high Commis-
sions to purchase HorsesI for him to the Amount of £300 & al]
the Excuse he had for this Conduct in that he had Money laying
Idle by him that he thought Horses woud bear a high Price iu
the Spring &, he had Friends who woud Winter them Gratis for
him.
A very improbable story in my Opinion.
Public Papers op George Clinton. 609
Sure no man in senses coud think of making a Penny in that
Way. Upon the whole tho, I wish not to influence your Judg-
ments, I am: clear from many Circumistances & the Charecters of
some of the Persons concerned that the Horses were purchased
either for the Use of the Enemy or to get rid of Continental Bills
as their Credit was very low at Hackinsack at that Time; Indeed
the Exorbitant Prices given for the Horses alone tended to depre-
ceate the Currency & unless a stop is put to such Practices much
Evil will ensue.
I am informed by Colo. McClaghry who commanded at Closter
after I left that Quarter summoned Terhune to Come in give up
his Protection & swear allegiance to the states; he refused; the
Colo, took & confined him & others. He still refused alledging
he had taken Protection from the Enemy & he coud not be on both
sides & he is now a Prisoner on Parole. This Colo. McClaghry
can prove & I think is alone sufficient to condemn the Case. I
am your
Most Obed't Serv't,
' [No. 360.]
Doctor Wood Enters the Service.
New Windsor 19th Feb. 1777.
Sir,
Having consulted my Friends, I find my best wishers are ex-
tremely averse to my entering in the service, not out of any dis-
like to that, or disaffection to the cause, but think it possable to
do my Country greater Benefit, and receive more thanks, by
serving in some other department.
The Reasons the> offer, there not being a surgeon or Physician
in the Bounds of the Regiment to which I belong, and the little
39
610 Public Papers of Gejorgb Clinton.
Necessaty I am under, to endure the Fatigues of war, for the
little Honour that can be obtained amongst a croud, in so low a
station, I confess have some weight, but I cannot have the vanity
to think myself qualified for a higher E^nk, concious of the want
of both Theory & Practice, in Justice to myself & Country, 1
should decline it.
Thinking y'r offers extremely generous, together with the
natural fondness I have for the military,! am determined through
all the opposition of Friends to except of the place.
The young Gentleman I mentioned to you before (Mr. Elmer,)
expresses a peculiar Fondness to serv^e his Country, but to
oblige his Friends, is under the disagreable necessaty of de-
clining.
I know of no person that I can recommend for an Ensign, ex-
cept one Archibald Martin, who is thought by man}', deserving
of a Commision. He cannot boast of his Parentage, or a liberal
Education, though a better Education I apprehend than many
lately appointed. He served as a private in the rifle Battalion
at Boston, and a Sergeant in Capt. Blain's Company last summer,
where he acquired the Charrectar of a good soldier, and a clever
Fellow. He is wiling to except of the Birth, and will engage
to inlist twenty soldiers in a few days.
I request Sir if you send me inlisting orders, that with it you
would send the articles of war, and the Terms, & Form of In-
listinent.
From Sir Y'r very Hmbl. Serv't,
Dan'l Wood.
For The Hon'le George Clinton Esq.
Public Papers of George Clinton. 611
[No. 361.]
Captured Tory Property, Including, it was Believed, Part of Riv-
ington's Printhig Establishment.
Kamepough Feb'y 20th 1777.
D'r Sir,
Inclosed I send you a few lines I Received from Coll. Cooper,
the Contents you will observe he has not subscribed His name
nor Directed them to me, but as I Received them by the hand of
Major Logan I know they are from Him, I shall be glad to have
your Directions on the premises, and also a Written order to the
Coll. Commanding The Tappen Militia in order that Their Quota
of men may be Raised. Your Honour's Compliance will oblidge
Your Most Humble Ser't,
Levi Pawling.
Head Quarters in Closter the 18th Febry. 1777.
Dear Sir,
We have in Our Possession now for the States One Nigro man
Formerly Belonged to Mical More, a torie, now in New York
Baking Bread for Our Enemies — and also Cattle of s'd More,
Sold in Publick Vandue amounting to thirty Pounds nineteen
shillings — the keeping come nineten shillings, £30 left. Printing
tipes, Scruws &c. said to be Revington's — flax in the Sheaf of
said More, & also flax of the Dominy Lidacker in the Sheaf, some
Dry Beef hides, — four Bags with wheat.
The Tappan Militia insist upon a written Order from the Gen-
eral for Raising the men to fill this Rigment their Quota is 16
men.
612
Public Papers of George Clinton.
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[No. 362.]
Lieut. Rose Cashiered for Insubordination.
At a General Court Martial held at tlie House of Widow Hills
near G^od Will Meeting House in Ulster County on Friday 21st
February 1777.
Present — Col. Woodhull President.
Col. Snyder ^ Major Wynkoop
Livt. Col. Hardenbergli
Lievt. Col. Janson
Major Jansen
MajoT Contine
Major Popno
Major Phillips
Capt. Salsbury
Capt. Vancurer
Capt. Galaspee
Capt. McBrlde
Came on the Tryal of Lievt. Jacobus Rose of Capt. Horse-
brook's Co. of Col. Paulding's Regiment of Ulster County.
Who Stands Charged before this Court of Refuseing to obey
the order of a superior officer, when ordered to detach by Ballot
the Quoto of Men of his Com'y for the Service on 23d Sep'r Last
and also disobeying at other times.
To which Charge the said Lievt. Rose pleads Guilty and further
declares in the presence of this Court that he will not obey the
order of drafting men by Ballot in future.
Capt. Horsbroiok deposeth and Saith,
That Lievt. Rose never appeared to him to be unfriendly but
his General Character is Rather unfriendly to the States, that he
Commonly associated himself with those People that is Disaf-
fected and suspected of being Realy friendly and further saith
not.
Major John Contine Sworn & Saith,
That sometime in September Last Lievt. Jacobus Rose of Capt.
614 Public Papers of George Clinton.
John Hasbrook's Co. in Col. Paulding's Eeg't.' was ordered by this
deponant agreeable to a Resolution of the Convention of this
State to detach Six men by Ballot being the Quoto of the Comp'y
he then Commanded, But absolutely Refused to do, tho several
times Requested by this deponant; as also Refused to Raise his
Quoto another time, notwithstanding this deponant held out to
him under what sollemn Ties of Honour and Religion he had
obligated himself; to obey his superior officers, at the time he
Rec'd his Commission and further saith not.
The Court takeing into Consideration the Case of Lievt. Rose
of Capt.Horsebrook's Com'y of Col. Pawling's Regiment of Ulster
County and from his own Confession together with the Evidence
do find him Guilty of the within Charge and Adjudge him the
said Lievt. Rose to be Cashered and to Pay a fine of Thirty pounds
and also be Rendered Incapable of ever wearing a Commission
again in this State.
Attest. The Within is the Proceedings of
John Hathorn, Judge Adv'te. this Court Martial on the Tryal
of Lievt. Rose.
Jesse Woodhull, president.
(Sentence " approved " by Cen. Clinton.)
I [No. 363.]
A Fine of Twenty Pounds for Deserting to the Enemy.
At a General Court Martial held at the house of Widow Hill
near good Will Meeting House on the 14th day of this Instant
Public Papers of George Clinton. 615
and Continued by adjournments untill the 21st day of Feb'y Inst.
1777.
Present — Col. Woodhulls, president.
Col. Snyder Major Wynkoop
Lievt. Col. Hardenbergh Capt. Salsbery
Lievt. Col Janson Capt. Vancurer
Major Jansen Capt. Galaspee
Major Contine Capt. McBride
Major Popno
Major Phillips
In which time Came on the Ttyal of Peter Demorest of Capt.
Bartolf's Company of Col. Hathorn's Regt. of Orang County.
Who Stands Charged before this Court of Eefuseing to March
with the Militia when duly Warned thereof and deserting to the
Enemy.
To Which Charge the Said Peter Demorest Pleads Guilty.
The Court taking into Consideration the above Case of Peter
Demorest of Capt: Bartolf's Com'y and find him Guilty of the
facts in the above Charge and do adjudge him the said Peter
Demorest to be fined the sum of Tiwenty pounds and to be Im-
prisoned untill the said fine is paid.
Attest. The Ajbove is the Proceedings of
John Hathorn, Judge Advo'te. this Court Martial on the Tryal of
Peter Demorest.
Jesse Woodhull, President.
(Approved.)
616 Public Papers of Gteorgb Clinton.
[No. 364.]
ANOTHER REPOBT TO THE CONVENTION.
General Clinton Suggests that More is Expected of Him than He is
Able to Perform.
New Windsor 28d Feb'y 1777.
Dear Sir,
On my Arival Home last Night I received a Letter from his
Excellency Genl. Washington of which the enclosed is a Copy*
By this you will find that more is expected from me than is in
my Power even tho the 500 Men ordered to be raised in Dutchess
& West Chester were compleated, unless they were to join me
on this side of the River & then I shoud be able to afford but
a very inconsiderable Reinforcement to the main Army (if any
at all) after posting sufficient Detachments at the Passes for
effecting the Business more particularly recommended in his
Excellency's Letter. Colo. Pawling's Regiment consists now
only of 361 including Officers & they occupy three different Posts
to wit at Sydman's Bridge Cloyster & Hackinsack all equally if
not more necessary to be occupied than that mentioned in his
Excellency's Letter & which I dont imagine he means shoud be
abandon'd. I fear that sending a Detachment out of this small
Force already much divided to the.Pasaick Falls will be rather
endangering the other Posts at least it will render the Duty
exceedingly hard on the men. I will however order a Lieuten-
ant's Party there for the Present in hopes that some ^Vay may
be devised to supply their Place.
Unless as the Rangers have been, woud it not be best to annext
Belknap's & DeWitts Companies to Pawling's Regiment on this
* Washingtou's letter not found.
Public Papers of George Clinton. 617
Occasion. I have issued Orders to the Militia Colonels to com-
pleat their Compliment of Men which they were to have raised
some of whom have been much more deficient in this Kespect
than I coud have thought. This & the numibers that have in-
listed out of Colo. Pawling's Regiment in the standing Army &
some Desertions of Tory Drafts to the Enemy are the Reasons
why it falls so much short of it's Compliment.
Mr, Connolly the Bearer hereof will wait upon you with Daniel
Isaac Miller who left New York on Thursday last & can give
some satisfactory Information. I am with due Respect your
Most Obed't Serv't,
Geo. Clinton.
To the Honble. the Presid't of the Convention of the State of
New York.
[No. 365.]
One Item of Tivo Thousand Pounds for Obstructing the Hudson.
New Windsor 23d Feb'y 1777.
Received of Brig'r Genl. George Clinton two thousand Pounds,
delivered him by the Vice Treasurer of the State of New York
pursuant to a Resolve of the Committee of Safety of said State
of the 21st Instant to be by him paid to me & by me applied
towards paying for Materials & defraying the Pay of the Artifi-
cers imployed in obstructing the Navigation of Hudson's River
at Pollepel's Island.
William Bedlow.
618 Public Papers op George Clinton.
[No. 366.]
RECRUITS SLOW IN ENLISTING.
General Clinton Confident the Hudson River Cbstructions Will Be
Effective — Shore Defenses Strong — Need of Heavy Artillery.
New Windsor, 23d February 1777.
Dear Sir,
Being summoned to attend Convention at Kingston a Day or
two before the Express arrived here with your Excellency's Let-
ter of the 19th Instant, I had not the Pleasure of receiving it till
on my Return Home yesterday Evening. Before this can reach
your Excellency you will doubtless have a Return of the Men
raised in this & Orange County pursuant to the Resolve* of the
Convention of this State with Orders to Colo. Pawling who com-
mands them as I directed him immediately on his Arival at the
Post near Sydman's Bridge to forward them to your Excellency.
The Complement to be raised in those Counties owing to the
Negligence of some of the Militia Officers are. not as yet com-
pleat. I expect in a few Days however to have them all out
But as many of them already have & more will inlist in the new
army which I wish to encourage, yet as those leave us «& join
their New Regiment we shant at any Time have 500 [in] Colo.
Pawling's Regiment. The 500 men ordered to be raised in Dut-
chess & West Chester Counties (as I apprehended when I wrote
your Excellency last) I have not been able to effect owing to
the Reasons I then mentioned; three Companies only & those
not quite full are raised in those Counties which are now out
with the foraging Party in West Chester County «fe as the Com-
mittee of Convention appointed to manage that Business which
is of some Importance complain that they are yet to weak to
*SeeK. folutiou of January 1, 1777, pagesS 8-520.
Public Papers of George Clinton. 619
execute it effectually I dare not venture to order those Com-
panies to join Colo. Pawling on this side the Eiver unless di-
rected so to do by your Excellency. My Orders to Colo. Paw-
ling was to leave a small Part of his Kegiment to defend the
Post at Sydman's Bridge and the stores there, the Remainder
to advance to Cloyster & Hackinsack to protect the well dis-
posed Inhabitants in those Qarters, cut off the Communication
between the Country and annoy the Enemy's Parties & prevent
their getting Fuel in the Bergen Woods. I have now directed
him to send a small Party under a good Officer to Pasaick Falls
agreable to your Excellency's order which will be forming a kind
of Chain across Hudson's River to the New Ark Mountains; our
Numbers are to few ever to answer the Purpose alone effectu-
ally; I have therefore taken the Liberty of transmitting a Copy
of your Excellency's Letter to the Convention of this State with
a Return of Colonel Pawling's Regiment our only Strenghth in
that Quarter that they may enable me more fully to carry your
Excellency's Orders into Execution & bring a Reinforcement
to the main Army. The latter, if of any Consequence I much
fear will not however be easilly accomplished as the Militia of
the Counties on which we can most rely begin to complain of
having done more than an ordinary share of Duty.
As the Convention put the Obstruction of the navigation of
Hudson's River under my Direction it has taken up the greatest
Part of my Time & Attention; we have this Business in great
forwardness & I have not the least Doubt but we shall compleat
it in Season nor but that it will be effectual. We shall want
some Works to defend the Obstructions; For tho the Ground is
well calculated especially on the West Shore which is one of
the most defensible Spot I ever saw & has an easy Communi-
^0 Public Papers op George Clinton.
cation with an Extensive back Country But 'we shall need heavy
Artillery; I think some Pieces might be spared from each of
the Forts in the Highlands & there are some heavy Pieces at
Peeks Kill which I believe are of no Use there. These, shoud
your Excellency think proper to order here, will nearly answer
the Purpose & even tho the Enemy shoud be able to pass our
Obstructions at this Place; were the Artillery mounted on Trav-
elling Carriages we coud at any Rate save them, a few which
will be necessary to place on an Island in the River excepted.
This will not be the Case if left where they now are shoud that
Event take Place.
I have found greater difficulty in discovering fit Persons as
Officers for the four Companies your Excellency directed than
I expected. Many of the young Gentlemen whom I had in View
were already appointed in the service without my knowledge,
others whom I thought well quallified decline; Nor upon strictly
canvassing of Charecters do I find as many Quallified for Mili-
tary Imployment as I at first I expected. However I hope in a
fewi Days to accomplish this Business when Major Pawling will
wait on your Excellency with a List of their Names & receive
their Recruiting Orders. Some of them are already engaging men
for the service. I am with the utmost Esteem your
Excellency's most Obed't Serv't,
Geo. Clinton.
[To Gen. George Washington]
Underneath is a List of Officers for one of the Companies.
They are composed of spirited young Men who left Long Island
on the Enemy's taking Possession of it & I flatter myself they
will be able to draw some Recruits from there for which Rea-
son I wish how soon they coud have their Recruiting Orders. I
Public Papers of George Clinton. 621
have directed them to engage as many Men in the Mean Time
for the service as the}' can.
Capt. Nathaniel Tom . 2 Do Thomas Rodman
1st Lieut. John Robert ' Ensign Finch Gildersleeve
[No. 367.]
General Clinton Ignores Capt. Dorian's Plea of Illness.
New Windsor 23d Feb'y 1777.
Dear Sir,
I was not a little surprised at receiving a Letter from Mr. [Hend-
rick] Wycoff said to be wrote by your Order in which he mentions
your desire to decline serving as a Captain in the New Regiment
of Infantry to be raised. On the Receipt of your former Letter
I considered it as an Acceptance of my offer which I can assure
you was made from no other motive than the good Opinion I
have of you, and I have accordingly ordered the Arangement of
the Officers of which I had the Appointment. I cant think that
a fit of Sickness of which you may soon recover ought to dis-
courage 3'ou from serving your Country. If you wish to be in
the service it is a most favourable Opportunity & such as you
may not readilly meet again. Many have applied for Appoint-
ments in this Regiment who have been refused but before I offer
the Place reserved for you to any other I shall expect your
further Answer founded on more Mature Deliberation which I
begg you woud give as speedilly as your Health v/ill permit
wishing you a sudden Restoration of Health & am in the Mean
Time your
Most Obed't Serv't,
Geo. Clinton.
(To Capt. Jno. Dorlon)
I shall be very glad to see you at my House.
^22 Public Papers of George Clinton.
[No. 368.]
Active Operations Between February 8 and 23, 1111.
Major Stockdon was taken prisoner -with about 60 of his men
(4 Killed) at a place Called Lawrence's Island, in Rariten River,
by Coll. Nelsons of the Jersey Militia with a. party of his men &
only 2 of his men wounded.
19th. A Lent, of the British artillery was wounded and taken Pris-
oner and is Now at Head Quarters & one Deserter of 55 Came
out the same day,
aoth 4 Waldeckers & 2 British privates brought in Prisoners.
aiBt A. Smart Skirmish at Quibble Town between the Forraging
Parties. Our people beat back their Pickit guards Killed 8 or
9 men and Brought of 15 Loads of hay without the Loss of a
men. Same night took a Lievt. of The Highlanders Prisoner
also a Capt. & 9 Recruits of Cortlands Skinners Regiment, two
Very Elegant and Valuable Horses, a Quantity of Irish Linnens,
Hams, Eggs & Butter &c. going towards New York and a num-
ber of Ho'rses of Inferiour Quality; also a Deserter of the 40
Regiments Came out who Informs that Greneral How is Come
over To Ambo}' and has given orders for the British armey to
hold themselves In Readiness to march at the shortest notice —
that a Serjent and Seven Privates of the Regulars in attemting
to Disert were Catched and in Consiquence thereof, punished;
3 of them Died of the Wipping they Received; Same Day 25
prisoners (formerly taken) was sent From Morris Town to Pensel-
vania. Authentic advise has been Receiv'd at Head Quarters
that the famous (or Infamous) Pascal Paole, the Corsican Chief
is now In Canada and has a Command in the British army.
Oartain advise Has been Receiv'd that Docter Francklin was safe
arrived in France.
Public Papers of George Clinton. 623
By a woman who Came from New York informs us that 10 or ^^a
12 Men of War where Saled out Sandy Hoock Last week; also a
number of Flat Bottom boats Lay at Amboy and Staten Island.
The Enemy Came out with a party of about 2500 men and 33.
attacked our advance Guards near Bonems Town whom they
Drove in but our Troops assembled as soon as poissible Formed
and attacked the Enemy with Such Bravery, as obliged Them to
Retire, they at the same time following and Driving the Enemy
Before them until! they Came to Amboy. General Mexwill Com-
manded and we have taken Seven prisoners two of the Enemy
were found Dead on the Field. And from the Informations of
the farmours whose waggons they Imprest to Carrj' of the Killed
and wounded a grate Number of tlie Enemy Must have been
Slayn, our Loss is Very Inconsiderable only 5 Killed and
wounded.
[No. 369.]
ALL TRAVELLERS TO BE EXAMINED.
General Clintoti's Instructions to Col. Pawling — 'Secere Methods Or-
dered Toward Careless 3iiUtia Colonels.
New Windsor 24th Feb'y 1777.
Dear Sir,
I am favoured with yours of the 19th & 20th Instant with the
Inclosures; some of the Militia Colonels have been extreamly de-
ficient in Point of Duty in furnishing their Quota of Men. I
have issued orders to them this Day, immediatly to compleat
thedr Numbers & cause them to join you; on failure I will most
certainly arrest them. Inclosed you have an Order for the
Orange Town Regiment to furnish their Quota and I have wrote
to Convention to increase your strenghth by ordering Belknaps
624 Public Papers of George Clinton.
& DeWitts Companies of Rangers to join you'' as they are now as
they always have been perfectly idle & I see now prospect
of their being speedilly dismissed. Belknap is a good officer &
his Company honnestly inlisted so that you will have no Trouble
with them the others you know as well as I.
I received a Letter from' his Excellency Genl. Washington
dated the 19th Instant. He informs me that the Inhabitants
living near the Passaick Falls are busily imployed in removing
their Provisions & Forage within the Enemy's Beach with a
Design of supplying them And directs me to order a Detachment
of Men into that Neighbourhood to check the above Pernicious
Practice. I have mentioned the Weakness of your Numbers to
him & the different Posts you occupy; however I have promised
to advance a small Party there under an Active Officer for the
Purpose he mentions which I begg you will immediately do. I
imagine they can be best spared froim the two Companies at the
Post you are at; in a few Days I hope & believe your numbers
will be increased in which Case they can be replaced.
I must begg you will carefully examine Travellers passing by
your different Posts as well going towards as coming from the
City so as to cut off Communication with the Enemy & prevent
stores of every kind being removed to the City or so as to fall
in the Enemy's Hands.
About two Weeks ago Thomas Golden came from New York
to his Father's & I suppose is before this ret'd tO' the City; he
came thro' Pyramus & was at Mr. Hopper's he wore a Furr Cap
there. I never heard of this till two Days ago nor is it yet known
to any in this Part of the Country. This serves to show the
necessity of vigillence & Care not to suffer People to pass either
way unexamined. I saw Major Pawling Satturday last at Kings-
Public Papers of George Clinton. 625
ton he was well & all your Fainllly. No news here. Please to
forward the inclosed by Express to Head Quarters. I will order
you a better Horse. Brasher hant been here yet. I am your
Most Obed't Serv't,
G. C.
Brigade Orders 24th Feb'y 1777.
The Orange Town Regiment of Militia is immediatly to fur-
nish its Quota of 200 Men ordered to be raised in Orange County
said to be Sixteen Men & cause them to join Colo. Pawling's
Regiment in that Quarter of which the Commanding Officer of
that Regiment is to take Notice & govern himself accordingly.
Great Care is to be taken that no Plunder be committed & that
stores or Effects which may be taken be delivered to the Assis't
Quarter Master Genl. agreable to Genl. Orders.
[To. Col Pawling]
[No. 370.]
CONTRABAND OF WAR.
The -Committee of Safety Directs the Disposition of Blaterial Cap-
tured by Gen. Cliritoii'S Brigade.
In Committee of Safety for the State of New York,
Kingston, February 2rl:th 1777.
Your Committee to whom was referred a Letter of General
George Clinton & a List of sundry articles taken by the militia
of his Brigade which List was delivered by Major Taylor beg
Leave to report thereon:
That as five hundred of the Men ordered to be raised by the
Convention on the day of January 1777 out of the militia
of the Counties of Dutchess and West Chester as a part of One
Thousand men to be commanded by General George Clinton were
40
626 Public Papers of George Clinto^^.
prevented from being embodied by a subsequent order for March-
ing the militia of those Counties on an Expedition in West
Chester County; and that altho' the said militia are now dis-
charged; yet the Time limitted for service under General George
Clinton will soon expire, that your Committee are of opinion it
will not tend to the public Good to attempt raising any more
men than the Companies already raised in the County of West
Chester.
As to the Articles mentioned in the said List to have been
taken by General Clinton's militia, your Committee are of opin-
ion that they be disposed of in the following manner to wit — The
Medicines marked Army in the said List, that is to say Oyl of
Juniper, spirits volatile, salt of Tartar, & a Hogshead of Herbs
should be ordered to this place to the Care of the Secretaries,
and that they be apprais'd in order that the same may be dis-
posed of by Convention to the Troops of this State as occasion
may require.
Those Articles not marked in the said List your Committee
are of opinion, that General Clinton should be requested to have
them sold at public auction (except the Back Gammon Table
which the General is requested to order to be destroyed) and
except the Iron Chest herein after mentioned. And that the
monies arising from such sales be paid into the Hands of the
Vice Treasurer of this State. That the Iron Chest left in Charge
of Colo. Hay, General Clinton should be requested to send to
this place to be disposed of by Convention,
The steel your Committee are of opinion should be appraised
and sent to the armory at Fishkill.
That the Twenty old tory Guns should be also appraised and
sent to the Armory at Fishkill to be repaired.
That the other articles marked Continental Stores your Com-
Public Papers of George Clinton. 627
mittee are of Opinion they belong to the Continent, & that this
Convention ought not to dispose of them.
The Hogshead of Tea mentioned in the said List your Com-
mittee are of Opinion that it should be lodged with the Secre-
taries to be disposed of by the direction of Convention for the use
of the Sick Troops of this State. The other Tea disposed of
by Colonels Allison & Hawthorne your Committee are of Opin-
ion that they ought to account for to this Convention and pay
the amount thereof to the Vice Treasurer of this State. That
the wheat Eye two Cows and Six Horses, your Committee are of
Opinion ought to be sold to the Commissary General of the Con-
tinental Army or his agents & that such of them as the Com-
missary General shall not want, be sold at public Aution and that
the Monies arising from such sale be deposited in the Treasury
of this State,
The fifteen Horses taken with Zabriski Duremus & Kider,
your Committee are of Opinion that if the said Persons shall be
found guilty before the Commissioners for detecting Conspir-
acies by whom they are to be tryed that in that Case the said
Commissioners be directed to dispose of the said Horses to the
Quarter Master General or his Agents; and that such of them
as the said Quarter Master General or his Agents shall not want,
be sold at public vendue; and that the monies arising from such
sale be deposited in the Treasury of this state.
RESOLVED that the Committee of Safety do agree with their
Committee in the said Report and that General George Clinton,
and the Commissioners for detecting & defeating all Conspir-
acies &ca. be furnished with Copies & requested to Cause the
same to be carried into Execution.
Extract from the Minutes.
John McKesson Secry.
628 Public Papers of Georgf; Clinton.
[No. 371.]
Resolution of Congress allowing Monsieur Regnier De Roussi the
Rank and Pay of Lieutenant-Colonel.
In Congress Feb'y 25th 1777.
'Resolved that Monsieur Regnier De Roussi be allowed the
Rank and pay of a Lieut. Colonel from the 12th day of January
1776 and be Refered for future Employment to Glenl. Washing-
ton.
Coppy from the minutes.
Charles Thompson Secretary,
a true Coppy.
P. Regnier d'R Lt. Col.
[No. 372.]
THAT DOREMUS HORSE TRANSACTION.
General Clinton Iterates HisViews and Dwells upon the Depreciation
of Our Currency hy such Practices.
New Windsor 25th Feb'y 1777.
Sir,
I received your Favour of yesterday's Date, on the Receipt of
your former I wrote you the substance of what I know respect-
ing the Horses &c. taken hy Doremus & others & intended to
have sent my Letter by Major Taylor to you that he might fur-
nish you with such further Proof & Information as he might
be able to procure; he was at Ramepough at the Time; before
he returned I went to Kingston to which Place he followed me
& from thence went to Fishkill ; this Way he missed my Letter
but I have since sent it over to him on your side «& I doubt not
he has before this received it. That Letter contains all the In-
formation I can give respecting the Horses. I was absent when
they were taken tho I fully approved it's being done. I thought
Public Papers of George Clinton. 629
it Eight. I still think so. I am well persuaded these Purchases
were made for the Enemy or to get rid of Continental Money the
depreciating of which is equally Criminal in my Opinion to tak-
ing up Arms in Favour of the Enemy, The Persons for whom
the Horses were purchased lived in the Neighbourhood with the
Enemy at the Time & in their Power. By Terhune's Account
the Enemy made no Ceremony in taking Horses without Ask-
ing & which implys without pay yet Doremus under such
Circumstances Commissioned these People to buy him an
Extra Pair because those he had were too high spirited. Ter-
hune by his Account only intended to trafifick the few that were
to be purchased for him with Farmers (such I suppose as woud
not take our Money) for such Necessaries as his Familly wanted,
butter Eggs &ca. For this Purpose also he must have bought
the Waggon at Goshen; But why not lay out his Money at once
for such Articles as his Familly wanted why first turn it into
Horses Waggons &ca; Not to make a Proifit on them, I am sure
they were not so purchased as to admit of this. The Truth is
& to me it is Evident, they intended to Convert their Paper
Money into Hard Cash & this must be by Traffick either Directly
or Indirectly with the Enemy who are alone at this Time Mas-
ters of it. By their Conduct our Currency has losst all Credit
in that Part of the Country; already you cant now purchase
a single Article for it. I suppose they think this is a good Eea-
son for trading in Horses*
If their Intentions were honnest in these Purchases why did they
take such pains to conceal their Designs?
Why tell they were purchased for the Continental service by
my order?
* Indecipherable.
630 Public Papers of George Clinton.
Why take a different Route to keep out of the Way of my
Troops on their Return?
Have not those People, or some of them at least, taken Pro-
tection under the Enemy? have they come in under Genl. Wash-
ington's Proclamation & delivered up their Protections & taken
the Oaths of Allegiance to these states?
At any Rate I think these are Things ought to be inquired
into. I believe if they are & the Truth known in this respect
only It will settle matters or I am wrongly informed. I have
only to add that at any Rate unless some Method is devised ef-
fectually to prevent such Practices as have been committed by
those People, even supposing their Intentions not to have been
criminal as I suppose & believe, much Evil will ensue to the
Public. Youl soon have no Money of Course; no Men to fight for
you & then I need not add what will be the Consequence. I am
your
Most Obed't Serv't,
Geo. Clinton.
[To Commissioners on Conspiracies at Fishkill.]
No. 373.
To Depreciate the Currency is a Grime, the General Gontends.
New Windsor 25th February 1777.
Sir,
I am informed that Little John Neely lately purchased a Horse
from a Son of Robert McGurdy; that the Seller's Price was £32
if paid in Continental Currency but £26 or £27 if in hard Cash.
That the Purchaser to get the Horse for the lowest Price paid
McGurdy Hard Cash. This, if true (& I have Reason to believe it)
is such an Audacious -& open attempt to depreciate the Credit
Public Papers of George Clinton. 631
of our Money that it woud be criminal tO' suffer it to pass unno-
ticed. I need not tell you that to destroy the Credit of our Paper
Money is to ruin us; witho'ut it we cant support the War. To
attempt it, is in my Opinion worse than openly to take up Arms
against us; at least an Individual can Injure us more in this Way.
As this is a Crime committed by a Citizen & properly cognizable
before the Civil Authority, I, therefore, take the Liberty of men-
tioning it to you, not doubting but you will Take the proper steps
for punishing the Offender in such Manner as may tend to prevent
others of being Ouilty of like Criminal Practices in future.
I am your most Obed't Serv't,
G. C. •
[To Robert Boyd Chairman of the County Committee.]
[No. 374.]
Recommends the Mitigation of Courts Blartial Sentences.
New Windsor 25th February 1777.
Sir,
Agreable to a Resolve of the Committee of Safety of this state
requesting me to convene a General Court Martial for the Tryal
of Samuel Knap of Colo. Heathorn's Regiment, for Treason
against the state, I now transmit inclosed the Proceedings & Sen-
tence of the Court against the said Knap.
You will find by the inclosed Petition from the Court, signed
by the President and a Letter from the President (signed by order
of the Court) to me that they wish, that as well Knap as one
Samuel Devine who by their sentence is also to suffer the Pains
of Death may be pardoned. They have tried three officers for
Disobedience of Orders & Neglect of Duty, two of whom they have
sentenced to be cashiered, one of them to pay a Fine of £30 and
the other a Fine of £5.
632 Public Papers of George Clinton.
The third is to pay a Fine of £5 & make a proper acknowledg-
ment to his Colonel.
They have also tried one Serjeant, two Privates One for refus-
ing to march with the Militia to pay a fine of £20 the other for
Disobedience of orders & assaulting his Officer tO' receive 39
Lashes; the Serjant for remissness of Duty in suffering a Prisoner
to escape his Guard to pay a fine of 40 / & loose his Office, all of
whom are to remain confined till their respective Sentences are
executed.
The Gentlemen of the Court are of Opinion & I perfectly agree
with them, that if the latter sentences are approved & carried
into Esecutiou & the two former Prisoners piardoned under the
Gallows, it will Answer a better Purpose than if they shoud be
executed; add to this I am far from being clear that the Evidence
(as it is reported) matterial Parts of it being I am sure omitted
(thro Misstake) will support the sentences as the only use in Pun-
ishment is to bring People to a proper sence of their Duty and as
flatter myself from the Effect, even convening this Court
only has already had on the Refractory & Disobedient, that the
End will be fully answered tho' these Wretches Lives be spared;
nor have I the least Doubt but that the Honorable Convention
will extend Mercy towards the first if it can be done^in their
better Judgment consistent with the public Good upon any other
Terms I do not wish it.
I am much at a loss respecting some Parts of my Duty in this
new Business in which I begg the Advice & Directions of the
Convention.
1st. Am I to cause the Person whom I appointed to act as
Judge Advocate to report the Proceedings of the Court to the
Secretary of War.
Public Papers of George Clinton. 633
2d. Ami I tO' approve or disaprove the sentences myself or
transmit them to Grenl. Washington as Commander in Chief of
the Continental Army.
I am with much Esteem'
Your most Obed't Serv't,
G. C.
To the Honble the president of the Convention of the State of
N. York.
[No. 375.]
De Witfs Company of Rangers Assigned to his Command.
The Committee of Safety for the State of New York
Kingston Feb'y 26th 1777.
KE'SOLVED that the Company of Rangers commanded by
Capt. Jacob Rutzen De Witt be and they are hereby put under the
com'mand & direction of General George Clinton until the further
Order of the Convention or Committee of Safety of this State.
RESOLVED that Capt. Isaac Belknap's Company of Rangers
be and they hereby are placed under the command of General
George Clintoni until the further Order of the Comvention or
Committee of Safety of this State, and,
RESOLVED that the last above Resolution do not take Effect
without the Consent of the Commissioners appointed by the Con-
vention of this State for detecting and defeating Conspiricies &ca.
and that a Letter be written informing them of these Resolutions.
Extract from the Minutes.
Robt. Benson, Secry.
634 Public Papers of George Clinton.
[No. 376.]
Property Captured on an Expedition to Bergen, New Jersey.
Head Quarters Closter 26th Febru'y 1777.
ACCOUNT of Grain &c. taken on the way Going to Bergin.
11 Bags with Eye and Buck wheat ")
2 Bags with oats. )
THINGS taken on Sceakaws Island Febru'y 1777.
1 White Coverled; 1 Feather Bed; 1 Mortrass; 2 Callico gowns;
1 White Petticoat; 2 Brass Kittels; 6 Puter Platters; 1 Do
Cover; 1 Large Pair Shears; 18 Puter Plates; 1 Small Chist with
a Picter Papers &c; 1 Toaster Iron; 1 Coarce Apron; 4 Smooth-
ing Irons; 14 Forks 11 Knives; 2 tin Candle stands 4 Shirts,
1 nail Hammer 1 Bunch of twine 1 puter Cup 1 Pair woman's
Shoes,
Taken Near the New Bridge
6 Faggots of steel; 7 Barrs of Iron;
Parceels of Carriage Wheels Boxes Bands Bolts &c. got neer
fort Lee.
2 Milk's Cows taken at Rampough which belonge to a person
who is now in New York.
Account of Horses taken From our Enemies :
2 young Horses of Michel More; 1 Horse of Capt. Lawrence
Buskirk; 1 Horse the Oner went in New York For a Commission;
2 Horses of Jost Erl, gone to New York; 1 Horse of Dominie
Lydacker; 1 Box Slead & 1 wood Slead.
Public Papers of George Clinton. 635
[No. 377.]
Michael Connolly Proposes to Raise a Company and Capture Several
Pipes of Wine.
Esopus Feb'y 27th 1777.
S'r,
There is Several pipes of wine here the properties (or has been)
of Debruce Sharp & Smith, all supos'd to be Now with the
Enemy; if you think proper I Sho'd Doe any thing towardes
Secuering them I Wo'd be glad to Do it, for Jacobus Louw is
Selling Debruce's goods (as I am told) Every Day, I mean his
Cloathes; as to the favour you was ples'd to offer me, I have
heard Mr. Brazer will Not Exsept; if you can with honour to
your Self & Justice to your Contry, place me at the head of a
Company I Wo'd for Ever Acknoledge it. I wo'd Not spare
Cost nor trouble in Eaising it, at Same time I wo'd be Glad to
secure those wines & other goods if you thought proper, your
Answer Wilst I am here Wo'd Oblidge your Very Humble Serv't,
Mich'l Connolly.
To Bigeder Geo. Clinton.
[No. 378.]
Gossipy Rumors from New York City.
nil, Febru'y 28th, at 9 a clock A. M. at Capt. Slots, Roloff
Bogard, a Whig, left Hackensack about 3 a clock yestarday after-
noon, says that he saw a Men in Hackensack, who came From
New York, on the 26tli Instant, who informed him that the Mer-
chents were packing their goods & sending them on Ship board,
that they have Spiked up the cannon on Long Island, and have
left it, that he was agoing to the old Hackensack bridge, to Mr.
Vanantwerp's the late Clark of the Dutch Church, to desire him
636 Public Papers of George Clinton.
to fetch his son out of Toiwn, That the said men informed a
women, with whom he seem'd to be w^ell acquainted, in the hear-
ing of Bogart, that by April he Exspect'd the Citizens whould be
asain New York.
[No. 379.]
Decision of the Commissioners on Conspiracies in the Case of Dore-
mus and Others and the Horses.
Fish Kill— Feb'y 28th 1777.
Sir,
We have at length determined the Case about the Horses Cash
&ca. as you will perceive by our Resolutions, and Major Taylor
has engaged to wait of you with them for that purpose. We
would have furnished you with a Copy but Major Taylor is in
haste and the Multiplicity of Business leaves Us no time at
present, the first convenient Opportunity we will direct a Copy
to be made out and transmitted to you.
With respect to the two Horses they rode when they left home
you will please to order them (if they are not already) to be de-
livered to Ryder & Zabriske.
We shall take the Liberty of recommending Mr. Boyd to you
for assistance if requisite and have no doubt but you will readily
afford it to him.
We remain Your very humble Serv'ts,
Egb't Benson ]
Jacobus Swartwout )■ Commis'rs.
Melancton Smith j
[To Gen. Clinton.]
Public Papers of George Clinton. 637
[No. 380.]
Three Suspected Tories Apprehended.
Kingston Feb'y 28th 1777.
D'r Brother,
The Committee of this place having by some means procured
Information that Messers. Gumming, Crookshanks, Thompson
Alias C and Dinnis had been down to New York — and to
Assertain that fact, they Wrote to Collo. Pawling to make In-
quiry in that matter who, by his Letter date 18th Inst, informs
them that he has made proper Inquiry respecting the men above
mentioned — And that by good Authority he is informed they
have been in New York he says " it need not be doubted in the
least."
The above Information having been laid before the Committee
of Safety who appointed Mr. Livingston, Mr. Cuyler & myself a
Committee to do all such matters & things in the Premises as
we shou'd Judge necessary — accordingly we sent off an Officer
with men to bring in the said men; yesterday they arrived with
Mr. Cummings «& Dinniston whom we Examined, but have as
yet hot been able to Extract the truth from them, neither are
we fully possessed with proper Evidence to prove the same; you
will be kind Enough to mention this to Major Pawling whom I
am informed has directions from the Committee of this place
and desire him to send such Testimonies as he has procured to
prove the above fact; my Family are well (Except the little
P*abe who has a bad Cold). My love to Mother, Sisters Mrs.
Blauw & Miss McKesson.
I am with great Esteem
Yours &c.
Christ'r Tappen.
[To Gen. Clinton.]
638 Public Papers of George Clinton.
[No. 381.]
Lieut.-Col. Blauvelt Resigns.
In Committee of Safety for the State of New York,
Kingston March 1st 1777.
A Letter from Johannes D. Blavelt Lieut. Colonel of a Regi-
ment of the militia in Orange Town in Orange County resigning
his Commission as a Lieut't Colonel was read and filed.
RESOLVED that Lieut't Colonel Blavelt's Resignation be ac-
cepted and that General George Clinton be requested to recom-
mend a proper person to be appointed to that Vacancy.
A true Copy from the Minutes,
John McKesson Secry.
[No. 382.]
Peter B. Fell Declines Taking a Company of Foot.
Hunting Grove 1st March 1777.
Dear Sir,
Your much esteemed favour of the 11th Febry. I had the pleas-
ure of receiveing about Ten Days agoe, I was then in Mill Stone
& have since had no opp'y of w^riteing to you.
Your Freindly Intentions to serve me, in the offer you now
make, & recommending me before to Gov'r Levingston lay me
under great obligations to you. But for the reasons I mentioned
to you before I wou'd not chuse to accept of a Company in the
Foot. You have my harty thanks. Sir, for your kindness in
thinking of me, and wish you may be so fortunate as to nominate
one to that Post who will be more deserving than
Dear Sir your much Obliged & humble Serv't,
Peter R. Fell.
Public Papers of George Clinton. 639
Mr. Watkins will wait of you in a few Days but does not Chuse
to accept.
To General George Clinton
In New Windsor
[No. 383.]
Col. Pawling Reports the Arrest of two Suspects.
Rampough 1st March 1777.
D'r S'r, '■
There was two men ta]?;en Some time ago, By our People at
Closter, the one by the name of Stephenson, who has been guilty
of plundering Our friends : (To Witt) eight Bushels of grain from
JO'St Zobriskie, Severel Things from Mr. Romyne ; — when he went
out to plunder he blackened his Face in order to Disguise him-
self; he owns he has been Imploy'd in Cutting Of wood for the
Enemy. The other is one John Garlick Taken with Said Steph-
enson and where both arm'd when Taken, and now are in Tap-
pen Goal- Please to let me Know your pleasure about them.
The list Inclosed Is sent me by Coll. Cooper; and Major Logan
tells 'me he was at the taking of the most of the articules and
assures me they ware taken from The Enemy.
The latest accounts we have from head Quarters send you, and
it Is Reported that the Forren Troops are Called home which
makes the Tories Very uneasy— all the grain is ordered to be
Removed from the English Neighbourhood, and so up the River
as far as Toppen what is near the River. More men is much
wanted In this Quarter as Different Guards and parties are Re-
quired on account of Moving the grain, a grate Number of our
men is Inlisted by our Recruting officers, an account of which
I shall send you by my next. I had two men taken up the night
640
Public Papers of George Clinton.
before last, I Examined tliem yesterday and find them to be a
Copell of Villins. I have ordered Them both in Irons. I Re-
ceived your letter of the 24th ult'o. I have ordered Liut. Erwin
to the falls, I shall be glad to have the Two Companies of Raing-
ers as they are much wanted, Capt. Clark will give Farther In-
formation. I am with Due Esteem your most Humb'e Serv't,
Levi Pawling.
To General George Clinton.
[No. 384.]
A Lang I/lst of Mutineers.
A List of the Names of the Men who quit the Work the 1st
March 1777 — & took up Clubs & threatened others if they did
not:
Joseph Halstead
John Homan
James Scofield
Silas White
Joshua Sears
Obediah Jones
Edward Miller
Edward Mely
Alex'r McHey
John Mills
John Morrison
Alex'r Lowery
Peter Tilton
John Jennings
John W^oodruff
Jesse Dickenson
Thomas Hageman
Nathan Serjeant
David Wright
Asmasus Sprague
Benjamin Homan
Scudder Newman
Joseph Taylor
John Abrahams
Jeremiah Litchford
Ebenezer Davis
James Hays
Thomas McHey
James Bayard
John Tompkins
Public Papers of George Clinton.
641
Samuel Woodruff
George Umplirey
Jeremiah Smith
Silas Miller
Cornelius Fellack
Daniel Smith
The above belong to White's Comp'y.
Fuller's Company.
Peter States
John Davis
Joseph Davis
Samuel Rodgers
Robt. Harper
Samuel Slv
Norris Carr
John Shea
William Rea
Jasper Ten Broeck
Wm. Ten Broeck
David Horren
Benj'n Hooghland's Comp'y.
John Carmichael
Andrew Braton
James Slack
Robt. Morrel
John Bell
Obediah Thorne
Patrick Ford
Thos. McCurter
Robt. McCurter
Ralph Vn Houten
Wm. Reeder
Stephen Reeder
Andrew Ten Eyck
Peter Smith
Comfort Johnson's Comp'y.
Edward Bronty
William Gill
Abr'm Newell
Samuel Howell
Ashael Owen
Chest'r Ward
Elijah Canfield
41
James McBride
John Gill
Caleb Page
Francis Nye
Sam'l McClure
John Murphey
William McBrade
642
Plblic Papers of George Clinton.
Capt. Joseph Collins' Comp'y.
Thorn's Collinss Mathew Boice
James Sutherland Joseph Canfleld
Francis Weldon William Coe
James Canfield Jeremiah Fowler
James Robinson John Tilden
James Seofield John Arelus
Hugh McLean Obediah Thorne.
Stephen Conkling's Comp'y.
Joshuah Horton
Hugh Turner
Daniel Clemens
Nath'l Baily
Sam'l Hubard
John Hubard
Stephen Jones
Sam'l Paine
Augustus Jones
John Parshall
Joshua Hubard
John Maurise
Phineas Cannan
Alex'r Smith
John McCollum
Joshua McCollum
Caleb Hayley
William the Cook.
[No-. 385.]
AN INTIMATION OF RESIGNING
General Clinton Fears He Cannot Render His Country the Service
Commensurate with His Command.
(Mar. 3, 1777)
Sir,
I am favoured with the Resolve of the Honorable Committee
of Safety of this State Dated the 1st of March Instant requesting
me to recommend a proper Person to be appointed Lieut. Colonel
of the Regiment of Militia in Orange Town in Orange County on
Public Papers of George Clinton. 643
the Resignation of Colo. Blawfelt. I sincerely thank the Com-
mittee for this Mark of their Confidence but as I mean to ask
Permission of the Convention to Resign my own Command in the
Militia as soon as the Term expires for which the Troops are in-
gaged who are put under my Command & are in actual service &
the Business of obstructing the Navigation of Hudson's River
shall be compleated, I wish to be excused from recommending
any Person in the Brigade for Military Office and indeed, was this
not the Case, I am little aquainted with the Charrecters of Officers
in that Regiment. I woud only begg Leave to add that my Inten-
tions in this Respect are not founded on any Disgust to the ser-
vice other than that from fatal Experience I find I am not able
to render my Country that Service which they may have Reason
to expect of me, considering the Importance of the Comanand they
have honored me with. I am with due Respect your Most Obed't
Serv't,
[G. C]
[To Convention.]
[No. 386.]
WASHINGTON SKEPTICAL.
Unwilling to Station a Guard at Private Iron Works for Fear of
Establishing a Bad Precedent.
New Windsor March 3d 1777.
Dear Sir,
I attempted yesterday to go to Esopus, but after travelling
about ten miles with the roads bare in many places, and finding
a great deal more similar ground to pass over, before I reached
good sleighing, found it necessary, on account of my horses, to
return.
Last Thursday I had the honour of his seeing his Exc'y Genl.
Washington, to whom I mentioned the propriety of stationing a
644 Public Papers op George Clinton.
body of men at the Iron Works, and told hiiii that such was your
opinion ; he said that you were raising men for the defence of this
part of the Country, and should be glad of your opinion on the
subject. As some of my neighbonrs Coll. Oigden & Mr. Faesh
had pibtained an exemption for the hands employed at their works,
I shewed his Ex'y the inclosed list and requested the same favour,
which however he declined granting, alledging y-^ had met with
some impositions in that way already, and indeed justly observed
that all Ironworks carried on for private emolu/ment might de-
mand the same favour; I could not in such a Case say much in
my own behalf, but at the time regreted I had not requested the
favour of an introduction from you ; for though I had the pleasure
of seeing him once before, for a few minutes, being introduced
by a Card fromi Genl. McDougall, yet I am not sure he recollected
that Circumstance till I mentioned it.
With respect to the Iron Works I beg leave to inform you that
all my hands in general are gone olf from the woods; I have but
two remaing at Ringwood, seven at Long Pond, and half a Dozen
at Charlotteburg; the Balances in our books in favour of the
fellows that are gone I suppose amount to upwards of £1000;
they must, therefore, have had very strong temptations to quit
so much property, and no doubt ample promises for the recovery
of it afterwards; mean time, I have nO' prospect of procuring
hands, but from the Public; should it be thought elegible to hold
a post at the Iron-works, some of the hands stationed there might
be employ'd in their service, and the public's too.
Perhaps I may be interested in saying, that Ironworks particu-
larly large ones, where, such orders as I have lately executed,
can be done speedily, are necessary for the publick safety: the
manufacture I am concerned with, has hitherto been of public
Public Papers of George Clinton. 645
emolument, and great private loss; which the greatest price for
3'ears to come cannot make up; I could, therefore, wish to carry
the works on, while Iron bears a good price both on account of
the Public and the owners; this I know that tho Iron is dear now,
it will be much higher if the works in question stop, as almost
all others have done — 'but I need add no more to a gentleman
who is better acquainted with public necessities, than I am; like-
wise as I am writing this in a public room, beg your excuse for
the inaccuracies I am lyable to, in such a situation.
Enclosed is a Letter from head quarters to Lady Stirling; and
an account of the shoes for the Chevaux de Prize; upon which I
beg leave to observe, that though Iron is now double the priee
it was last May, I have only Charged the same which Mr. Faesh
got at that time, when he made points for the Frizes at New
York; the account too is Credited for the worker from New Wind-
sor, at a rate which I believe is more than their wagzs amounted
to, of this however Capt. Machin will Judge. I beg the favour
to know where I must apply for payment, and shall be glad to
be furnished with your directions or order for that purpose.
Capt. Tuder wrote me for Cabooses &c. to which the Inclosed
is an answer; he wants a supply of shot, which might have been
mentioned as an aditional argument in favour of Iron works by
Dear Sir, Your most o^bed't hum'e Ser'r,
Robt. Erskiue.
Hble. George Clinton Esqr.
[No. 387.]
Officers HiKjgesicd for a Neic Company.
Kingston 4th March 1777.
D*r Sir,
Underneath you have a List of Officers for one of the four Com-
panies for which your Excellency was pleas? to direct me to nomi-
646 Public Papers of George Clinton.
nate; Mr. Watkinswho is mentioned as Capt.,is tlie Bearer of this,
will wait upon yoiur Excellency for the Warrants & Recruiting
Orders.
I am with due Respect your Excellency's most Obed't Serv't,
(G. C)
[To Gen. Washington] i i
John Watkins Capt.
Daniel Wood 1st Lieut.
Jonathan Lawrence 2 Do.
Daniel Jackson Ensign.
Ralph Thurman Oapt.
James Sackett Jun'r.
Daniel Jackson Ensign
Cad'r Moore
James Sackett 1st Lieut.
[No. 388.]
Capt. De Witfs Rangers Ordered to Report to Col. Pawling.
Kingston 4th March 1777.
Sir, ^
By a Resolve* of the Committee of Safety of this State, your
Company of Rangers are put under my Command & Direction
untill the further Orders & Directions of the Convention or Com-
mittee of Safety of said State. The Design of the Committee
was to enable me to reinforce Colo. Pawling who commands
the Troops at Ramepough & in that Quarter. You are, therefore,
imediately on Receipt hereof to march your Company & join
Colo. Pawling at the Post near Sydman's Bridge & receive & obey
his further orders & Direction.
I am your Most Obed't Serv't,
Geo. Clinton, B. Genl.
[To Capt Jacob R. De Witt.]
♦See Minutes page 633.
Public Papers of George ClintoiN. 047
[No. 389.]
A Ration Bill Paid.
Dear Sir,
By Mr. Dunscomb I have sent you Three Hundred and three
Dollers, 41/72 the amount for your Eation Bill left with me;
please to sign the Receipt on the Ration Roll.
Mrs. Bedlow with Miss Catharine & Self's best regards wait on
you Mrs. Clinton and Mrs. Tappa with each of us a Kiss to Miss
Cornelia.
T am with Great Respect your Excellency's Most Humb'e
Serv't,
William Bedlow.
Pay office
Fish Kill, March 4th 1777.
Governor Clinton.
[No. 390.]
Col. Pawling Complains of the Reduction of His Command by
Recruiting Officers.
Ramepough March 6th 1777.
Dear S'r,
I acknowledge the Receipt of your letter By the hand of Capt.
Nicoll, and have Comply'd with your Requisition as far as lay'd
in my Power, as Capt. Nicoll will Informe you. The Number of
men Under my Command is Greatly Reduc'd by the several Re-
cruting officers, who have Inlisted a great Many men out of the
Regiment, and their Near twenty who is now on their way To
New Winsor. I have not got the Exact Return from below or
I would send you Return, so am ohlidged to Defer till my next.
I have three Villens Confin'd, who have Been Imploy'd as
Ouides to Carry of men To New York. Major Logan will give
648 Public Papers of George Clinton.
you a full account of Every Circumstance in this Quarter. I am
with the Greatest Reguard your Most Hum. Ser't,
Levi Pawling.
To General George Clinton.
[No. 391.]
Order for Delivery of a Hogshead Tea.
S'r,
Deliver at Genrll. G. Clinton's at N. Windsor one Hogshead
of Tea.
Ramapaugh 7th March 1777. And'w Taylor Asst. Q. M. G.
To Genrl. G. Clinton at N. Windsor.
An Act that Seriously Affected the Tories.
* (March 7th, 1777)
Mr. Morris, from the committee for the purpose appointed,
reported the resolution as an act of grace to such of the inhabit-
ants who are gone, or sent out of the State, or confined as dis-
affected persons. The same being read by paragraphs and
amended, were agreed to, and are as follows:
"Whereas divers persons, inhabitants of this State, have, for
notorious disaffection to the liberties of America and other suflS-
cient causes, been sent into some or one of the neighbouring
States, or confined within this State by parol or otherwise: And
whereas divers of the said persons have, by their humble petition
to this Convention, prayed to be admitted as liege subjects of
this State, testifying their determined resolution to exert their
utmost endeavours in its defence: And whereas this Convention
is at all times desirous of restoring to society all those members
who have not by their crimes rendered themselves unworthy of
being partakers in the exalted privileges of freemen: Therefore,
* Not In Clinton MSS. Taken from the Journal of the Proceedings of the New Yort
Provincial Congress.
PuBLio Papers op George Clinton. 649
Resolved, That the commissioners appointed within this State
to inquire into, detect and defeat all plots and conspiracies
against the rights and liberties of America, within this State,
be, and they hereby are directed and empowered to send for all
such persons, members of this State, as are confined by parol or
otherwise within or without this State, excepting those who are
charged with taking up arms against the United States, with
enlisting men for the service of the enemy, accepting a warrant
or commission for that purpose, supplying them with provisions,
or conveying intelligence to them ; and that they do tender to each
of them an oath, or if of the people called Quakers, an affirma-
tion, that he will bear true faith and allegiance to the State of
New- York; that he will discover all plots and conspiracies which
may come to his knowledge, against the said State, or the United
States of America; that he will do his duty as a good subject of
the said State; and that he takes the said oath or affirmation
without any mental reservation or equivocation whatsoever, and
means faithfully and honestly to perform the same. That such
of the said persons as shall take and subscribe the said oath or
affirmation, be discharged; and that such of them as shall for six
days after the same shall be tendered to them respectively, refuse
to take and subscribe the said oath or affirmation, receive a pass
and be directed to repair, with their families, apparel and house-
hold furniture, to the city of New-York, or some other place in
the possession of the enemy; and in default of their obedience of
such direction within the time for that purpose by the said com-
missioners to be limited, that they be confined in close jail, and
otherwise treated as the open enemies of this State. And further,
Resolved, That such of the said persons as shall not, after
being so as aforesaid sent for, appear before the said commis-
650 Public Papers of George Clinton.
sioners within a time for that purpose by the said commissioners
to be limited and appointed according to their respective dis-
tances, and other circumstances, shall be considered as having
gone over to the enemy. And the personal property of such per-
sons shall be seized and sold at public vendue, and the money
arising therefrom shall be paid into the Treasury of this State,
and be subject to the disposition of the future Legislature
thereof; unless, upon the appearance of such delinquents before
the said commissioners previous to such sale of their personal
property, a sufficient reason be assigned for their non-attendance.
Ordered, That a copy of the aforegoing resolution be trans-
mitted to the commissioners appointed to detect all conspiracies,^
&c. and that they be requested to cause the same to be published
in the newspapers and printed in as many handbills as they may
think necessary to be distributed. On motion.
Resolved, That two persons be appointed and added to the
number of commissioners appointed to inquire into, detect and
defeat all conspiracies, &c.
[No. 392.]
Matthew McKinny^s Petition for Discharge from Prison.
To his Excellentcy General Clinton Ulster County!
The petition of Matthew McKinny humbly Sheweth,
Sir,
As your Petitioner is Commited by the Court Martial to Cl^se
Confinement in Kingston Goal for an offence Done to Ensign
Gillespy last July, which him and I setled that same Day and by
Father satisfied the Guard for their trouble of Coming Down to
the River.
Your petitioner under stands that your Excellentcy has it in
his power to Discharge Me or keep me Confined, and as there i»
Public Papers ob^ George Clinton. 651
Qo limeted Time in the Mittemiss I Did not Know how long I
would have to be Confined. I, therefore, wrote an aredress
to the Honourable Court to know how Long I should have to be
Confin'd and for them to Discharge me as soon as their honours
possibly Could, but they had Broke up before I got it sent to
them; and as I have left behind me a Loving wife and Four
small Child and above sixty head of Creatures to be fother'd
Daily, and no man Body about the House to Do a Turn for bur;
I had a sarvant and he Inclin'd to enter into^ the sanding forces
and I told him I would not hinder him seeing he Inclin'd to list
for the Good of the Country; your Excellentcy Can Judge as
being in the Body From Experence how Deplorable my Condition
is upon the account of my Famely and there is now no man to be
got for Money. I shure your Excellentcy is posest of Grace and
humanaty I Therefore humbly beg and intreat you by the Ten-
der mercies of our God whereby the Day Springs forth from
on high. Graciously to Consider The Deplorable state of my
Famely, labouring under such Diflculties and for the Lord's sake
Grant My Requests and Cause me to be Discharg'd that I may
get home to my Famely again and I shall ever pray for your wel-
fare Temporal and Eternal. Sir I am your well wisher in the
Lord.
Matthew McKinny.
March ye 7th 1777.
[No. 393.]
General Clinton Calls Col. Pawling^s Attention to the General Or-
ders Regarding the Protection of Inhabitants.
New Windsor 7th March 1777.
Dear Sir.
I have received your Favours of the 1st & 6th Instant with the
Inclosures I woud have you (as I doubt not you will) be very
652 Public Papers of George Clinton.
caref ull that nothing be taken or plunder<&d from the Inhabi-
tants contrary to General Orders & that such Things as have or
may be taken pursuant thereto be disposed of agreable to Gen-
eral Orders of the 22d January a Copy of which I woud now send
you were it not that Major Logan tells me you have them. Major
Taylor who is now gone down to your Quarters will appoint an
Assistant Quarter Master Genl. if necessary so as to enable you
to conform with the Orders respecting Effects taken from the
Enemy.
Inclosed I send 3'ou a Copy of a Letter or Order from the Adju-
dant General dated the 28th Ultimo which you are to comply
with & execute as far as in your Power. I know you are weak
in Point of Numbers & that your Duty must be extream hard &
that after exerting yourself to the Utmost you won't be able to
effect as much as coud be wished or perbaps may be expected
from us. These are Matters I have fully represeTited toi Con-
vention & his Excellency Genl. Washington, This being the only
step I coud take either to prevent Censure hereafter o^r procure
such a Reinforcement as woud enable you to be more useful.
The Convention thereupon put De Witt's Company of Rangers
under my Command & Belknap's providing the Com'rs for detect-
ing Conspiracies at Fishkill coud spare the latter. De Witt I
have order'd to join you & I suppose he is now on his March with
his Company. Belknap's consists only of 23, including Officers
present fit for Duty & tho the Com'rs have consented to their
coming over to New Windsor they say they expect they shall
soon want them again so that it woud be imprudent to send them
forward as likely before they coud reach you they woud be
ordered back, I thank you for the supply of Artificers you have
sent me as they will be more serviceable here under our present
Public Papers of George Clinton. 053
Circumstances than they coud possibly be any where else. I
was at Kingston last Monday. I had not the Pleasure of seeing
Major Pawling but sent word to him respecting your Pocket
Book; your Familly I heard from they were well. My best
Wishes attend you & believe me your Friend & Humble Serv't,
Geo. Clinton.
My Familly present their Complim'ts to you. Mrs. Blaw de-
sires to be remembered to her son.
[To Col. Pawling.]
[No. 394.]
General Clinton Touches for William Mitchell.
New Windsor 9th March 1777.
Gentlemen,
This will be handed you by William Mitchell of New Burgh
who tells me he is to appear before your Honorable Board next
week. It is needless for me to mention to you his being appre-
hended last Fall for Toryism confined at Fishkill a long Time &
from thence sent to New Hampshire. His Crime, the Evidences
to support it & the Principles the Committee proceeded upon
against him you must fully know. I took some Pains at the Time
to inquire but never coud learn his Charge or by whom made. I
have long known the man I alway believed him honest. I have
since the Commencement of the present Troubles frequently seen
him & conversed with him & know that he has freely expressed
himself in Favour of his Country. That he was esteemed a
Friend to the Cause is evident from his having been a Member of
the Committee in the Precinct in which he lives. That I thought
well of him is Evident from my having applied to him before I
knew of his Difficulties to attend my Mill in which Case he woud
654 Public Papers of George Clinton.
have become part of my Familly. I cant yet help thinking he
is an honnest Man he tells me that before he was sent to New
England he proffered to take the Oath of Allegiance to the States.
That he is yet willing so to do providing it will not barr him of an
Enquiry into the Cause & Author of his late Disgrace & Distress.
This he feared it might when he was last before you he is now con-
vinced it cant & will readilly comply. I have only to add that my
Opinion of him is such that had he been a Tory his taking the
Oaths of Alegiance to the states will make him Whigg. I am
with much Respect,
Your most Obed't,
[G. C]
[To Commissioners on Conspiraciea at FishkilL]
[No. 395.]
WEAKNESS OF MILITIA LAWS.
Gen, Clinton Again Announces His Purpose to Resign His Command
when theWorhs in Hand are Completed, and the Militia now Under
Him Dismissed.
*New Windsor 8th March 1777.
Sir,
I am favoured icith a Copy of the Resolve of the Honorable Com-
mittee of Safety of this State of the 1st of March Instant requesting
me to recommend a proper Person to he a Lieutenant Colonel* of the
Regiment of Militia in Orange Town in Orange County in the
Room of Lieut. Colo. Blawfelt who has resigned, I am utterly
unacquainted with the Military Charecters of Men in that Regi-
ment not even knowing the Name of a Single Officer in it; I have a
proper sense of this & the many other Marks of Confidence which
the Honorable Convention have shewn me but for the above Rea-
•Words in italics scratched through with a pen in original MSS.
Public Papers of George Clinton. 655
son in the present Instance & for others of a more general Nature
thro you as my Friend begg to be excused from giving any Recom-
mendations for Military Appointments in the Militia.
I always thought the Laws for forming & regulating the Militia
in this State would not answer the good Purposes for which they
were intended. The Mode of Appointment of Officers I believed
woud prove Destructive of all subordination & Order so absolutely
necessary in the Field & I thought I saw that the Influence of
Officers of spirit who woud exert necessary Authority in the ser-
vice of their Country must be Destroyed & that that Influence
woud be natturally transferred to the Mean spirited & Interested
who woud sell their Country to acquire a short lived Popularity
or serve some other little Purpose. A Law in my Opinion con-
trived for those Purposes coud not be better planned effectually to
answer them. From a full Conviction of the Truth of these Mat-
ters founded on Experience & that I cannot possibly render my
Country that service which from the apparent Importance of my
Command in the Militia may reasonably be expected from me.
I have for some Time past intended as soon as the public Works
put under my Directions shall be compleated & the Troops now
actually out under my Command dismissed to ask the Favour of
the Honorable Convention to resign my Command as Brig'r Genl.
of the Militia of the Counties of Ulster & Orange, in which I trust
I shall be indulged as I wish not thereby an Exemption from Mill- '
tary Duty on the Contrary, I will most chearfully turn into the
Ranks & do the Duty of a private & from the Knowledge I have
as an Officer of the necessity of Dicipline and Subordination I
trust at least I shall be an Obedient Soldier. These jeing my
sentiments I cant think of recommending a Man of Spirit to the
Militia Service & I never will a Man of different Charrecter tho
656 Public Papers of George Clinton.
perhaps & I believe the latter might stand, favorit with the
People & be able for a Time to effect most. I am with due Re-
spect your Affectionate &
Most Obed't humble Serv't,
Geo. Clinton.
[To Convention,]
[No. 396.]
Bill and Receipt for Flour.
Clinton & Boyd, Mill March 12 1777.
Mr. Clinton, The Bearor has Delivered 166 Barrels @ 40/ p tun
which comes to £20: 15: 0 which sum you will please to let him
have.
Geo. Harris.
T General Geo. Clinton Esqr.
Rec'd the Contents of the within Acct. 12th March 1777.
Walter De Grauw.
[No. 397.]
Captain Blacks Mission to New Windsor.
Dear General,
I am sorry that I had not the pleasure of seeing you on my re-
turn; however I have advised Capt. Black to tarry at Windsor
untill your return; he is content to sett out imediatly for Mor-
ristown, & will call upon Mr, Santford in his way; it will be neces-
sary that you give him an order on Major Taylor to furnish him
with a horse. I have some business that will take me down to the
Jerseys next week if the weather is good but will probably waite
upon you before sett off. I most respectfully am,
D'r General your mo. obg, & very H, Servant,
W, Malcom.
N Windsor March 12 1777.
To General Clinton New Windsor
Public Papers of George Clinton. 657
Captain Black and Lieut. Santford Recommended for New Com-
missions.
New Windsor 14tli March 1777.
D'r Sir,
I begg Leave to recomend Capt. Black & Lieut. Santford both of
Colo. Maloom's Regiment for Captains of .the two remaining Com-
panies for which your Excellency Directed me to appoint Officers,
Their Charecters Well in private life as Officers are good & I be-
lieve they will [be] able to raise their Companies as the Men of
that Regiment are strongly attached to their Officers; many of
them have not yet entered the service. It might promote the fill-
ing of their Companies to let the Men know the Field Officers of
the Regiment to which they are to be annexed. If Colo. Malcom
is to command the Regim't I believe it will influence many to in-
list. As soon as we fix on the subalterns for these two Companies
I will return their Names to your Excellency. I am your
Most Obed't Serv't,
[To Gen. Washington.] (G. C.)
[No. 398.]
BEGINNING THE HISTORY OF OUR LEGISLATURE.
Limiting the Power of the Governor with Legislation to the Signing
and the Vetoing of Bills.
Thursday Evening March 13th [1777.]
Dear Sir,
Yesterday the Committee of Government reported. The[y]
have in their report omitted the method which proposed for
electing by Ballot & sundry other matters by which the report is
much shorter than when it was last copied. In the afternoon and
Evening by order one of the secretaries attended in the Conven-
42
658 Public Papers of George Clinton.
tion Hall and read over the Eeport by Paragraphs to such mem-
bers as chose to attend there to hear it and converse freely on
the subject.
This morning the first paragraph was agreed to. The second
paragraph read much Debated amendments moved & debated S:
postponed till the afternoon. In the afternoon it was resumed.
The material part of the 2d paragraph is in the words following
vizt: "That the supreme Legislative power within this State
shall be vested in two separate and distinct Bodies of men, the
one to be called the assembly of the state of New York And
the other to be called the Senate of the State of New York, who
together shall form the Legislature^ and meet once at least in
€very year for the dispatch of Business."
A motion made and seconded this afternoon is that between the
words vested in and the word tivo the words " a Governor cC- " be
inserted — and that at the End of that section the following
words be added to wit: " Provided that the Governor shall have
no power to originate or amend any Law, but simply to give his
assent or dissent thereto."
On motion seconded the Consideration of this paragraph &
amendment is postponed till to-morrow morning.
This third paragraph is agreed to — after many Debates the 4th
is postponed till to-morrow morning, but will then pass. Tis
now Eight o'Clock in the Evening and the House will soon ad-
journ. '
Fryday morn'g 6 o'Clock.
The House adjourned to meet punctually at nine o'Clock this
morn'g. Cant you leave some person to order two or three days
& come here by to-morrow even'g. Will three or four days of
Public Papers op George Clinton. 659
your time here delay matters at the River, if you cause your
return to be every hour Expected. Mr. Tappen's Family is well.
I am your affectionate,
John McKesson.
Genl. Clinton.
[No. 399.]
Commissary Waterhury Tired of His Occupation.
Honour'd S'r,
I am Inform'd by Mr.Runnals that you Desired me to send vrord
weather I should Continue to supply the Troops at New Winsor
or Not, it is my full Detarmination to Get Clear of it as soon as
I Can see Mr. Trumbull which I mean to go to Hartford as soon
as the Roads Gits a Little settled; therefore Beg you will think on
some Propper Person for that Place. I hear they are allmost out
of Rum and it Cant be Purchas'd there Under 24 / Shillings Pr
Golland for New Rum; if you think it is not to Extravigent as
I think it Proper in such Casses to seek your advice Pleas to Let
my sun Know and it shall be Got and I will send to Piekills
(Peekskill?) as soon as the Ice Brakes up for a Quantity.
I am S'r yours at Command,
Silv. Waterbury.
Fort Mountgomery March 14th 1777.
To Geor. Clinton Esqr B. Genl. at New Windsor
[No. 400.]
PROFIT BUT NO BUSINESS IN IRON.
Robert Ersldne's Decimation of a High Office on the Staff — Recom-
mends Several Men for the Good Cause.
Riugwood, March 14th 1777.
Dear Sir,
On my being disappointed the pleasnn- of seeing you at New
Windsor, I left a letter and a Bill of the Chevaux de Frize Irons;
660 Public Papers of George Clinton.
concerning which I beg the favour of directiolis where to apply
for the money, as I have immediate occasion for it. I beg leave
likewise to observe, that on looking over my accounts relating
to the Iron moved from Hackensack I find that I have received
money from Mr. John Zabriske for about 10 Tons which he ad-
vanced, to reimiburse himself by sales, which, if he has not done,
I shall have a Claim for 40 Ton of the Iron moved from New
Bridge; the account of which I should be happy to have settled as
soon as possible; If the Iron is to be used for Continental service,
the sooner this is done the better; as Iron is rising, and it is rea-
sonable I should receive the price it bears at the time of its being
ilsed and paid for.
I received a letter last week, Dated Head Quarters, from Major
Clark aid-de-Camp to Genl. Green; wherein he notices there
being a vacancy of the place of Cheef Engeneer in our army,
kindly supposes me adequate to the department, says L'd Ster-
ling meant to write on the subject, which I have not yet received,
and desires an answer which he will lay before the General. I
have accordingly wrote him that I cannot suppose myself quali-
fied for such an olfice in many respects, particularly that part
which relates to artillery, as I never saw a Bomb thrown in my
life, nor a gun fired but at a Eeview or Birth day; but that
branch, to which practical geometry and mechanics is necessary,
1 could undertake with some Confidence, these studies having
been both my business and pleasure. I further mentioned that
my engagements here were such, that I was bound to abide by
them both by the tyes of honour and gratitude; but that as I
had little or no prospect of Carrying on the works, I might
shortly be at leisure to devote myself to the Cause of Lib-
erty in any way I could serve it, and mean time should be
happy to render it all the assistance in my power.
Public Papers ob' George Clinton. 661
With the same view the Bearer, Mr. Ambrose Gordon, whom
I can amply recommend for his honour, and attachment to the
cause of America, is very solicitious to serve in the new Levies,
and for that purpose has beg'd my recommendation to you; if,
therefore, you can serve him in this way, it will oblige me, and I
have no doubt will furnish the Continent with an active and
spirited officer. Mr. Patrick Hayes likewise, whom you know,
and Mr. William Harrison, to whom I intrust the Care of Char-
lotteburg, have both an inclination for the service; but as I can-
not part with them at present, I do not now recommend them;
though I could do it with equal Confidence and justice in every
respect; they were all officers in my Company, and had a good
deal of practice in military discipline. My presuming to trouble
you with one recommendation I hope will be excused from
Dear Sir
Your Most Obed't hum'e Ser't,
Robt. Erskine.
P. S. I intend going to Head Quarters next Thursday, & should
be happy to carry any Commands from you there.
Honble. George Clinton Esqr.
[No. 401.]
GENERAL CLINTON'S REPLY.
Regrets that Mr. Erskine Declines and Mentions Incidentally the
Shortcomings of Staff Officers.
New Windsor 15th March 1777.
Dear Sir,
I was unhappy on my Return from Kingston to find you had
been at my House & left it in my Absence as I, therefore, missed
the Pleasure of seeing you and was so unfortunate as not to re-
662 Public Papers of George Clinton.
ceive your Letter of the 3d Inst, with the lD,closures for many-
Days, after which and the want of an Opportunity of Convey-
ance since, is the Eeason why I have not before answered it.*
I am sensible it woud be of public advantage to keep your
Works going and am sorry it is not in my Power to lend a Hand
in effecting it. Of the 1000 Men which the Convention of this
State ordered me to raise, I have not been able to get out more
than about 400 on this side of the River for which service they
were at first principally intended & by inlistments into the stand-
ing Army those are reduced above one-half. The small number
left by his Excellency's Orders to me are to occupy the Post at
Sydman's Bridge & form a Chain across the Country from Pas-
saick Falls to Cloyster; this being the Case you will readilly
agree with me that there is not a Man to spare for any other
service nor a sufficient Number to answer the above Purposes;
add to this the Term for which they are ingaged in the service
expires the 1st of next Month at which Time also does my Com-
mand except as a Militia Officer.
As to the Iron which lay at Hackinsack Bridge, I ordered
Major Taylor the Assistant Q. Master Genl. to take Care of it
*New- Windsor, 14tli March, 1777.
Sir — ^We only wait now for anchors and cables to draw the chain across the river;
the logs for buoying it are all completely fixed, and are th:s day sent off in a raft down the
river. I came from Poughkeepsie this morning, where I went in hopes of finding a sup-
ply of anchors and cables, as I despaired of the river's opening in time to get them
higher up; but could not procure one at that place. We want forty cables and can't
dispense with less; we must have them even though they should be carted down to
Klvn's, at Esopus, from that they can be brought by water. We can do with fewer
anchors, as we can sink boxes with stone to supply their place. I send Capt. Clarke to
Kingston to forward down those articles, with some others which we stand in need of,
and beg the Honourable Convention to order him such aid as will enable him to return
here with despatch. Until we can have the needed articles we can do nothing further
with the chain; add to this, a number of hands will be kept idle at Fort Montgomery
wa ting his return with them.
I am, with diie respect,
Your most obedt. servt.
Geo. Clinton.
To Abraham Ten Broeck, Esq.
*From the Journal of the Proceedings of the New York Provincial Congress.
FuBLio Papers of George Clinton. 663
& cause it to be removed, as if left there it might again Fall in
the Power of the Enemy; & directed Colo. Allison, the Officer
who commanded in my Absence, to give him the necessary Aid.
What has been done with it I have not yet learned. The Major
or Colo, have never made any Eeport to me Eespecting it. I
will see Major Taylor & order him to write you what he has done
or knows concerning it. Genl. Mifflin is the proper Person to
agree with as he knows whether it will be wanted for public
Use & it lies properly in his Department; you will see him at
or near Head Quarters.
I wish you coud have consented to have entered the service as
Chief Engineer. I am confident, however diffident you may be
with respect to your Quallifications, you coud render your Coun-
try essential service in that Department. If I rember Right I
have heretofore expressed my sentiments to you respecting the
Abilities of most of those now employed in that Way; they fall
very short indeed. Had I received your last a few Days sooner,
it woud have been in my Power to have offered Mr. Gordon a
Company, which I woud on your Recomendation [have] done
with Pleasure, as I dont in the least Doubt it is founded on his
Merrit. I am not certain but there is yet a vacancy for a Lieu-
tenancy. I will enquire if there is he shall if he will accept of
that have it.
We coud at any Time since you was here, have paid your Ac-
count; it unfortunately happens just at this Time to be out of
our Power having yesterday paid away the most of the Money
we had on Hand. This Day Week we shall have a new supply
& will pay yours out of the first of it on that Day. I am with
m'uch Esteem D'r Sir,
Your most Obed't Serv't,
To Robert Erskine Esqr. . George Clinton.
664 Public Papers of George Clinton.
General George Clmton's Expenses to PMladelphia.
*The State of New-York, Dr.
To General Clinton.
To attendance in Continental Congress, at Philadel-
phia, from the 10th of May, 1775, till the 8th of
August following, including five days travelling
there, and six days returning home, makes in the
whole ninetv-one '58.^'^j ^n ^lii° ^^ "^ ^ I wh.5 3,b'^iit
ten days at home, being advised by some of my
• colleagues to repair to New York, to forward the
raising of troops ordered in the State of New
York, which being deducted, leaves eighty-one
days, at 32s £129 12 0
To do. from the 10th March, 1776, to the 4th May,
1776, including six days travelling there, and five
returning home, makes fifty-six days, at 32s 89 12 0
To do. from the 6th June, 1776, till July 12th, includ-
ing five days going, and six days returning, makes
thirty-seven days, at 32s 59 4 0
Errors excepted £278 8 0
George Clinton.
New-Windsor, 4th Dec. 1776.
Your committee for auditing accounts have examined the
above account, and are of opinion that there be allowed to Gen-
eral Clinton, for the same, the sum of two hundred and seventy
and eight pounds, eight shillings.
Mat. Adgate,
Alexr. Webster,
Benj. Newkerk,
March 14th, IfTv
*From the Journal of the Proceedings of the New York Provincial Congress.
Public Papers of George Clinton. 665
[No. 402.]
Michael Connolly Reports that the Troops are Out of Liquor.
Kampough March 15th 1777.
S'r,
The Gentleman that Owns the Liquors taken at Hackinsack
and turned in this Store has been Waiting for my Return those
Several Days; from the account He gives of Brand & Mark it
seems to be his Liquors And I make no Doubt but he will give
you full Satisfaction that he is a friend. From those Circum-
stances I Suppose he will Recover his Liquors but as We are En-
tirely out and has been those 15 or 16 days And one barrel al-
ready Consumed I Would be glad you would Allow me to Pur-
chase them as he offers to take A Reasonable Price.
Coll Pauling's Respects to you. He would be glad if there
was a Subaltern's birth Vacant For Jacobus Robison. I am
fully Satisfyed you would be Honoured in Appointing him as he
is Very Desirous to be in the Army. I expect to have the Pleas-
ure In Seeing you in a few Days, To-morrow I Expect to go
To Coll. Hays. I Do not know where to set my face to Seek
Provisions. From^ Sir your Humb'e Serv't,
Mich, Connolly.
To Genl. George Clinton.
[No. 403.]
DISCOURAGING CONDITION OF AFFAIRS AT NEW
WINDSOR.
'Not a Soldier on Duty and Civilians Only WorMng on the Defences.
Gen. Clinton's Complaint.
New Windsor, 16th March 1777.
Dear Sir,
Some Time ago I wrote to his Excellency Genl. Washington to
know where we were to get Cannon Sc Men for defending the Ob-
structions making in Hudson's River near this Place, suggesting
666 Public Papers of George Clinton.
the Propriety of taking a 12 & 18 Pounder mounted on Trayel-
ling Carriages at Peek's or Fishkill & a few which I thought
might be spared from each of the Forts in the Highlands for this
Purpose; In Answer to which I received his Excellency's Letter
dated the 3d of March of which the inclosed is a Copy.* I am
at a loss how to understand that Part of it which respects the
Men for the Posts under my superintendemce. If the 1000 Men
which I was some Time ago directed to raise is aluded to for this
Business you know nothing can be expected from them.
They cant be compleated; if they coud the Time for which they
were to be ingaged in the service is nearly expired. If his Ex-
cellency means the four Companies in one of the new Regts. for
which he directed me to appoint Officers they woud if raised be
incompetent & when they will be raised is very uncertain, I fear
not in Time to Answer the End.
We are now without a Man here except those we hire.f
Night before last Eleven of our Tories (who had behaved well)
deserted; we have not any Body to pursue them. Belknap's Com-
pany of Rangers dont consist of 20 Men fit for Duty including
"General Washington's letter alluded to above is not included in General Clinton's collection. —
State Historian.
tNew-Windsor, 15th March, 1777.
Sir — The enclosed petition signed by a number of persons who are employed in carting
timber for the public works carrying on near this place, was just now delivered me.
The petitioners might have had their pay if they had called for it, at any time, and I
would as leave pay them weekly as not. The wages as settled by the quarter-master-
general for teams are as follows: a single horse team 12s.; a single yoke of oxen and
teamster 12s.; a double yoke 20s. and so in proportion for stronger teams, of which I
directed the person who procured the teams to inform the owners; they say they cannot
afford to cart at those prices, and considering the exorbitant prices that provender for
cattle is sold at, I don't know that they can; I am sure it will reduce their wages very
low, but as I believe the above to be the prices fixed by the quarter-master-general
throughout the army for all those who are employed in his department, I can't think
for this reason alone to raise the wages in the present Instance without the advice of
the Honourable the Convention, which I beg on this occasion; and am with due respect,
Your most obedt. servt.
Geo. Clinton.
To the Hon. Abraham Ten Broeck, Bsqr.
President of the Convention of New-York.
tFrom the Journal of the Proceedings of the New York Provincial Congress.
Public Papers of George Clinton. 667
Officers; they are at New Burgh getting Timber for the Works.
If here, they are not strong enough to mount & Relieve a Cor-
poral's Guard & I believe was it in my Power it woud be impru-
dent to call any from the Forts in the Highlands to this Place as
they are already in my Opinion too weak. Some Fortifications
ought certainly to be made to defend the Works carrying on here;
to do this entirely by hired Hands will be very expensive & when
compleated useless without soldiery to man them; ought not
therefore some effectual Measures be taken to furnish Men for the
above Purposes.
I was some Time since favoured with a Resolve of the Honble.
Committee of Safety Dated the 1st of March Inst, requesting me
to recommend a proper Person to be Lieut. Colo.
(G. C.) .
[To Convention]
[No. 404.]
Col. Pawling Furnishes General Clinton with Returns of His
Regiment.
Rampough 17th March 1777.
Dear S'r,
Inclosed I send you the last Return of my Regim't, I have sent
Major Logan Down (Since the Receipt of your last) in Order to
Collect all the Crafts in the Hackensack River, which I make No
Doubt is Done. Lieut. Broadhead is come down last week with
Seven of Capt. Dewitt's Company of Raingers whether more Will
Come I Dont know. I Intend to send the Lieut, and his men To
Morrow to Morristown to Guard a Cupple of men I have Confin'd.
The Duty of my Regiment is very hard, but the men Cheerfully
Goes through the Fetugues as they say their time is short. I am
S'r with Due Respects your Most Humb'e Serv't,
Levi Pawling.
To General George Clinton.
668
Public Papers of George Clinton.
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Public Papers of George Clinton. 669
[No. 405.]
Oeneral Clinton Authorizes Connolly to Purchase the HackensacJc
Rum, with Certain Safeguards.
New Windsor 17th March 1777.
D'r Sir,
I have received yours of the 15th Instant with Respect to the
Liquors claimed by Andrew Brand & in your Possession as Com-
missary; if he can prove the Property of them' to the Sattisf action
of Colo. Pawling, the Ass't Commissary Colo. Hay & yourself they
must be either returned to him ot purchased of him. I think if
he will sell them at a Reasonable Price you had better purchase
them as they can be given to the Men in so much less Quantities
as to make it equal in Cheapness to Rum, in which Case the public
will loose nothing. But this must Rest with Colo. Hay & your-
self. Remember many of the Casks were not full when they came
to our Hands for which an Allowance must be made. Indeed
the Barren of Porter contained but 20 odd whole Bottles the Rest
was all broke with the Frost. I took an Exact Acct. of them «&
have it at Home. An Allowance ought to be made for the Ex-
pen"ce of removing them.
If I can do any Thing for young Robinson I will. I dont
[know] whether it is in my Power, My best Respect to Colo.
Pawling & believe me your
Most Obed't Serv't,
Geo. Clinton.
To Mr. Michael Connolly.
67(1 Public Papers op George Clinton.
[No. 406.]
Order for Company Lately Commanded hy Col. Thompson to Choose
Their Officers.
In Committee North East Precinct.
March 18th 1777.
Whereas this Committee had information that there is Several
officers Wanted in the Company Coll. Thompson Formerly had
the Command of.
Therefore, RESOLVED, that Capt. Collin and Mr. Casper Rouse
Be appointed and Authorize to Call Said Company together To
Superintend the Eletion for the Company to a Lect Said Officers
in persuance of a former RESOLVE of Congress By Order of
Committee.
Hugh Rea,
Chairman.
Note: "State of New York In Council of Safety Aug't 26th
1777. Referred to his Excellency the Governor.
Robt. Benson Secry."
[No. 407.]
Certificate of Election of Company Officers.
A Graeble to a Resolution of the Committe of North East
Precinct on 18 of March 1777 authorize Capt. John Collin and Mr.
Casper Rouse to Call the Company Formerly Command By Coll.
Thompson which we have acordenly Dun and Led them to Choice
acorden to a Resolve of Congress and By a Majorety Chosen the
foiling Persons.
Mr. John Rouse Capt. John Collin one of the men
Mr. Samuel Crandell First Lie't, apointed.
Mr. Orrey Forgarson Ensign.
Public Papers of George Clinton. 671
[No. 408.]
The State Convention Urges Completion of Obstructions in the Hud-
son Without Delay.
In Convention of tlie Representatives of the State of
Xew York, Kingston, March 18th 1777.
Sir,
The Convention are informed by the Gentlemen appointed to
confer with you on the forwardness of the obstructions in Hud-
son's River, that those works will be compleated by the middle
of April. It is their wish that so necessary an affair should meet
with no Delay. They thereupon suggest to you the propriety of
calling out so many of the Militia as may be necessary for the
Completion of this work by the Time prefixed, should those you
now have be insufficient for that purpose.
They would further observe that stone may be speedily pro-
cured by employing a number of Albany or other sloops who will
readily Contract by the Load and furnish themselves with hands
for that purpose, (
I am with great Respect Sir,
Your very humble servant,
By order, A'bm Ten Broeck President.
Brigadier General George Clinton.
Gen. Clinton Puts a Value on Daniel Harris^ Horse.
*New-Windsor, 19th March, 1777.
I hereby certify that the bearer Daniel Harris, of Captain
Woodhull's company of Orange county light horse, was out with
the militia under my command last winter; that he was detached
with a party of said company to take a number of horses near
*Not in Clinton MSS. Taken from the Journal of the Proceedings of the New York
Provincial Congress.
672 • Public Papers op George Clinton.
Pomptown, supposed to be purchased for the use of the enemy;
and I have reason to believe that by exerting himself on that
occasion, which required despatch, he lost his own horse by
riding him too fast, and that his horse so lost was worth thirty
pounds.
Geo. Clinton, Brig. Genrl.
[No. 409.]
Mr. Griffiths' Loyalty to the Cause.
Fort Montgomery 21st March 1777.
Dear Sir,
The Bearer Mr. Griffiths is a Gentleman who has lived many
years in this Part of the Country during which Time I have been
intimately acquainted with him. I have a high Opinion of him
& the Utmost reason to believe he is warmly attached to the
Liberties of this Country. Some Time since a Relation of his
Wife (I think a Brother) died in England and devised to her or
her son by Will, a considerable Estate in Lands on Condition the
Devissee shoud return to England within a limited Time &
possess it. Mr. Griffiths for this Purpose applied last Spring to
the Convention of this State for Leave to go to England which
he obtained; but Gov'r Try on refusing to let any Passengers go
on Board of the Vessel in which Mr. Griffiths intended to take
Passage without their Consenting to take a certain oath, which
he conceived inconsistent with his Engagements to the Conven-
tion & the Rights of a Freeman, refused & was thereby prevented
from prosecuting his Passage, He has lately received Informa-
tion that unless he can be present in England, his Familly are
likely to loose their Interest there & proposes to wait on your
Excellency for Permission to go there. I can with the greatest
Confidence recommend him as a Gentleman of much Honor &
Integrity & will not make an 111 Use of any Indulgence your
Public Papers of George Clinton. G73
Excellency may please to shew him in this Respect. I am with
the highest Esteem &c.
Geo. Clinton.
To Genl. Washington.
[No. 410.]
Gutting into the Thoroughfares of tlie Common Enemy.
New Windsor 22d March 1777.
D'r Sir,
I am favoured with your Letter of the 18th Inst, that wrote bj
Oapt. Ogden I have not received. Some Time ago in Consequence
of a Letter rec'd from the Adjudant Genl. I ordered Colo. Paw-
ling who commands the Regiment stationed at the Post near
Sydman's Bridge Cloister ifec. to send a Detachment under an
A( five Officer to the Bridge near Passaick Falls which was sup-
posed to be the Route of those from Sussex holding a Communi-
cation with the Enemy and to Post other Parties between that
& Cloister so as to form a kind of Chain across the Country
bi'tween those two Places & at the same (time) directed all the
Boats in Hackinsack River to be collected & brought to one Place
& put under the Care of a Guard to prevent any crossing that
River which the Colo, informs me he has done. This I imagine
must have been since Mr. Haines left that Quarter & that the
Evil he mentions is already stop't. I will however repeat my
orders to Colo. Pawling to excite his Parties to vigillence. I
woud just begg leave to Mention that the Time for which the
Troops under my Direction are engaged in the service expires
the last of this Month at which Time unless some Measures are
taken not only the Posts & stores at Sydman's Bridge but all
that Part of the Country will lay exposed to the Enemy. I am
Dear [sir] with the highest Esteem your Most Obed't Serv't,
™ ,, TT 1 , T,^ . ^ 1 o,^ ^1 • Geo. Clinton.
To the Honble Major Genl. iSt. Clair.
43
674 Public Papers op George Clinton.
[No. 411.]
Draft for Payment for Flour.
Clinton & Boyd mill March 22d 1777.
Mr. Clinton,
Sir, I have Eecived from the Bearor Mr. Colman 13 Tun «fe 4
Barrels @ 40 p Tun which amounts to £ 26 S 10 0 which Sum
you will pleas to Let him have. I am Sir your humble Servant,
Geo. Harris.
To General George Clinton Esqr.
[No. 412.]
A Matter of Business.
Orange Furnace March 22d 1777.
Hon'd Sir,
When Mr. Griffith first Came up he Seemed in a Great fright
Fearing he Should Loose his money, and Insisted to Know how
he Could be paid. I Told him we Could pay the Same Imediately,
but it would take all my Runing Cash, and prevent my being
Ahle to Carry on, if in case the Convention should not take them;
he Replyed if the Convention did not take them, he would Ime-
diately, when they declined; I profered the works to him and
Mr. Boyd, but Mr. Griffith thinking Our Abilityes weak as to
Cash, he then Made me an offer which Seemed by Computation
AJbout £ 1100 in his favour, this surprized me, I Told him I would
Consider and see if I Could better it; and finding the Conven-
tion Very Honourable and willing to Assist Me I Concluded to
take the works in my Care, and Sell Some Pig iron to pay the
debt and Enable me to Carry on, but he insisted of me to postpone
Selling the pigs, as he (said)* he would wait for the money, and
*MSS. torn.
Public Papers op George Clinton. 675
R^as sure pigiron would Rise, Likewise said he would Leave the
bonds in your hands and give you orders to Receive the Same
without the Intrest and Deliver the bonds when the principal
was paid. I beg you would inform me if them are the orders,
if not I must try to pay the same imediately as I dont Choose
to pay any Intrest, as He has Always told me to depend he
would never Charge any.
I am Hon'd Sir,
your Very Humbl. Serv't,
Geo. Leonard.
Genl. George Clinton near New Windsor.
[No. 413.]
GENERAL CLINTON EMBARRASSED.
By Interference with His Work on the Defences and hy a Resolution
of the State Convention.
Coppy of a Letter to the Honr'e Convention of the State of N.
York Dated the 23d March 1777.
D'r Sir,
I am favoured with the Letter of Convention Dated ye 18th
Instant. The works under my Direction near this place have
been greatly Retarded by the Cables & Ancors Necessary for the
Chain not being forwarded, as at the time we were Ready for
& had Reason to Expect them, a number of our hands were sent
to Fort Montgomery, to prepare for Drawing the Chain accross
the River, & have waited there a full week, Dailj^ Expecting
those articals, while our works here have been almost at a stand
by means of their absence — this & the uneasiness which some
time ago prevail'd among the artificers, on account of their
wages, will prevent our Compleating the works Quit as soon
676 Public Papers of George Clinton.
as the time I mentioned to the Gentlemen of your Committee, I
dont Dispair however, of having the Obstructions compleated
in Good season — if the Malitia would turn out with Chearfull-
ness to our assistance a Verey small proportion of them might
greatly forward the Compleating of those works, but Consider-
ing the Bussie season of the Year which is fast aproaching I
fear they woud submit to it with Eeluctance; in which Case I
woud Rather be without them; add to this we have not Bar-
racks or any Covering for them, & I fear you. will be under a
Necessity of ordering them another way, — the time for which
those Under Colo'l Pauling are Engaged in the service Expires
the first of Next month, & I am apprehensive that Unless proper
measures are taken by your Honourable House the post and
stores at Sidman's Bridge and all that Quarter of the Country
will lay Exposed to the Enemy; for by a letter of the 18th Inst,
from Maj'r Genreal St. Clair and others of an older Date, from
his Excellency Genrl. Washington, I have Reason to belive a
single man from the main army Cannot be spared for that Quar-
ter owing to the time for which the Malitia who Composd it be-
ing Expired, and the New army Coming in Exceeding Slowly.
I fear I shall be Greatly embarassed with Numbers of TOrries
who I hear are preparing to Go to N. York with their Families
in Consequence of that Resolve of the Honourable Convention.
My orders from the Commander in Chief are Expressly to Cutt off
the Communication between the Country & City; he Considers
as Commanding a Detachment of Troops in the service of the
United States as such he has Issued his Orders, how can I then
Consistant with the Duty I owe my superior Officer suffer those
persons to pass my Post under my Command when their Avowed
Intentions are to go to the Enemy.
Public Papers of George Clinton. 677
I wish to treat the Convention with Every mark of Decency
& Respect. I Consider my self as their servent and Bound to
Obey their Orders when at the Head of the Malitia, but in the
present Case I am by your Honor'bl House put under the Di-
rection of the Commander in Chief & I must Obey his orders.
I feel my self unhappy on this Occassion and wish some means
may be Devised by which I may be Enabled to obey the orders
of my superior Officer, and Comply with the Resolve of the
Honor'bl Convention at the same time — and am &c,
G. C, B. G.
[No. 414.]
COL. PAWLING DISTURBED.
Four of His Men Ca'ptured and a Small B7^iUsh Fleet Menaces the
Highlands.
Ramepough March 23d 1777.
Dear S'r,
I had three men taken the night before last at the Entrance of
the English neighbourhood. I was Down at Closter my self,
and had that afternoon before ordered the pickett Guard to be
Doubled which was done, and The Guard strictly Gharig'd to be
alert, in point of Duty. Notwithstanding, these four men when
taken was in a House some Distance lower down than the Guard,
(and for what I know a sleep) by which means they were sur-
prised and Taken without Even fireing a gun.
lYesterday morning Between Eight and nine O'Clock I was
Inform'd that a fleet of seven or Eight sail was a going up the
North River. Being apprehensive of their landing a number of
men above, and noways Unlikely but a number of men might
Come Tip by land from below, and by that Means seround us. I
678 Public Papers of George Clinton.
ordered the whole body (tho' but small) Te Ketreiat as far back
asi the Enemies shiping — and then Came away my self, and ar-
rived here in the Evening and found all well. In imy way up I
stopt at Snedens Landing, In order to get a sight of their shiping,
but The wind being so favourable that they had got out of sight
before I got Down, but under stood by Doc'r White who I found
their, that their small fleet Consisted of a twenty gun f rigett, four
transports and two Gallies, with some other small vessels; he
says the Transports was full of men. I heard by the way That
the whole of them lay at anker near Tallers Point — by what I
have said you will observe that The Good people in Bergen
County Lay Greatly Exposed to Both Internal and External Ene-
mies, and also the Internal Enemey a free Becorse tO' New York,
I mean to do Every thing I can to prevent their landing, if they
dont land before the Men gets Up; as the time of the men's En-
gagment now out under my Command, is almost Expired, if a
Relief is Intended (which I make no Doubt of) the sooner they
are sent the Better; (In my oppinion) you know the Citiation of
the Country as well as I do. I hope my Condoct will Receive
jour approibation, which is with the greatest Esteem your Most
Humble Ser't,
Levi Pawling.
To General George Clinton.
[No. 415.]
Col. Hay^s Apprehensions over the Arrival of the British Fleet.
Dr General,
As it is Evidently the Design of the Enemy in there Present
Expedition to Distress and Plunder the shores and not to pass
the Forts as they have but one ship of force with them I thought
Public Papers of George Clinton. 679
it miy Duty to inform you of my Present situation. I have not
a hundred 'men to protect the ferry and stores here and must
therefore Earnestly intreat you would Immiediately send Down a
Reinforcement to this Post as I Expect the Enemy will on their
Return Visit us, and witho'ut a Considerable Reinforcement they
may Penetrate the County to Sidman's and Garry off the stoick
to Refresh their Starving army below. I send this by Express
and beg your Immediate answer. I am with respect
Your Humble Serv't,
A. Hawkes Hay.
March 23d 1777
Sunday four Oclock.
To the Commanding Officer at Fort Montgomery
[No. 416.]
PEEKSKILL OCCUPIED BY THE ENEMY.
The Americans Destroy Their Stores and Retreat to the Pass in the
Highlands.
Fort Montgomery 24th March 1777.
Dear Sir,
You have doubtless before this heard that a considerable Body
of Troops (generally supposed about 1000) landed at Peek's Kill
yesterday about 12 o'Olock. General McDougal not having Num-
bers sufficient to oppose them with a proballity of success after
having removed the greater Part of the stores destroyed the Rest
& retreated to the North of Peeks Kill & now occupies the Pass
leading into the Highlands. In Consequence of the Bacon being
fired as a Signal at Fort Constitution yesterday about four in the
Afternoon, I issued Orders to Colos. WoodhuU's, McClaighry's
& Hasbrouck's Regiments to march immediatly, the two first to
reinforce the Garrison at this Place the later to Fort Constitution
680 Public Papers of George Clinton.
a Part of which, miay be expected in this Eyening and I arrived
here aibout 3 o'Clock this Morning myself. TiU the above Regi-
mients arrive we cant possibly spare any Men from this, as it is
a Post of the utmost Consequence; but you may pest assured we
will give you every Aid & Protectio'n in our Power the Moment a
Eeinforcement arrives) & let me beseech you in the Mean Tiime
to callout your Regiment & inspirit them to make a proper De-
fence shoud the Enemy attempt any Thing against you. If their
Designs are against this Post yon will fall on the Enemy's Rear
which may be done with great advantage shoud the[y] Land be-
low us. The inclosed Letter for Colo. Pawling you'l please to read
seal & forward to him by Express as it is intended to bring you
a proper Reinforcement. Yonrs sincerely,
Geo. Clinton.
[Col. A. Hawkes Hay.]
[No. 417.]
PROTECTING BOTH SIDES OF THE RIVER.
General Clinton Approves Col. Pawling^ s Retreat on the West Shore,
Fort Montgomery 24th March 1777.
Dear Sir,
I ami favoured with yours of yesterday.
I perfectly approve of your Conduct on the Approach of the
Ememy's shipping with Troops on Board it became necessary to
retreat as well as for the safety of your weak Party as to give
Protection to the Inhabitants on the shore an Object which ought
by all means be attended to.
Yesterday about 12 o'Clock the Enemy landed to a Oonsider-
able num'ber supposed about 1000 a little below Peek's Kill Land-
ing; Genl. McDougal not having Numbers sufficient to oppose
themi with a probality of success after having removed the Prin-
Public Papers of George Clinton. 081
cipal Part of the stores & destroyed the rest retreated to & now
oiccupies the pass leading thro' the Highlands North of Peek's
Kill. Yesterday Evening I issued orders to Colos. WoodhulPs
& McClaghry's Regiment to march & reinforce this Post & Colo.
Hasbrouck's Regt. to reinforce Fort Constitution & arrived here
myself about 3 o'Cloick this Morning.
Colos. Heathorn's & Allisson's Regiments I designed tO' rein-
force you so as to enable you to execute your Former orders &
protect the Inhabitants on, the River shore Soiuth of the Mountains
& I now desire that you will order out such Proportion of those
Regiments as will be sufficient for those Purposes.
Shoud the Enemy attempt any Thing against this Post it will
be by landing below us & marching up in which Case you will
be able to fall on their Rear with Part of your Troops.
I am your most Obed't Serv't,
Geo. Clinton.
To Colo. Pawling.
[No. 418.]
MILITIA REBELLIOUS.
Col. Hay^s Complaint — English Believed to he on a Plundering
Expedition.
Haverstraw March 24th P. M. 4 O'c. [1777]
Dear General, ' '
I am favored with yours of this date covering a Letter to Colo.
Pawling which shall be forwarded immediately; your Orders for
the call of the Regt. shall be immediately comply'd with, tho' from
the Temper of both Officers & men of which I had a Sample of
yesterday; I expect from them but little if any thing. My major
publicly declared that if the Militia where to be arrassed as they
were last year, he would give up the cause^ and tho' I desired one
682 Public Papers of George Clinton.
Company to be stationed at the Ferry I could not get one man to
stay, the men in general declaring that they must go Home & pro-
tect their property as Col. Pawling had with drawn all his tpoops
from below. Just now a B<ody of Col. Pawling's men arrived &
have marched to the Ferry under the Command of Lt. Col. Cuyper.
It never can be the design of t'u^ Enimy to attempt to pass the
Fort with so small a force, I take their design to be to procure
Pro visions & plunder; therefore, it would seem expedient to
guard the Shores with all that can be spared.
I fear the Communication being cut off with the other side of
the Eiver, we will fall short of Provisions, If any could be spared
from the Fort for God sake let me have some & if any men are
sent from your Quarter let them be provided with three or four
Days' provision. I am in Haste D'r Sir,
Your very Hum. Serv't,
■A. Hawkes Hay.
To The Honorable B. General Clinton
Fort Montgomery.
[Nos. 419-420.]
FULL POWER LODGED IN CLINTON.
To call out the Militia of the Four River Counties. — John McKesson's
Letter.
Kingston March 25th P. M. [1777.]
D'r Sir,
I enclose you a set of Resolutions* to enable you to defend the
♦(March 25th, 1777.)
Resolutions, empowering General George Clinton to call out the whole or any part
of the militia of the counties of Dutchess, Ulster, Orange and Westchester, whenever
he shall deem the same necessary, were read and agreed to, and are as follows:
Whereas this Convention hath great reason to apprehend that the enemy will make
strenuous efforts to gain possession of the forts and passes in the Highlands, and to
make incursions into and desolate the counties of Westchester, Dutchess, Ulster and
Orange: And whereas in the course of military operations, the exigencies of affairs
may ofteD render the calling into service all or part of the militia of those counties so
Public Papers of George Clinton. 683
State. I hope you will be able to do it. My be;st Complim'ts to
Mrs. Clinton Miss Poll}^ & the Family. Major Tappen & myself
propose to see you on Saturday if the weather Favours & we can
pressing as to render applications to this Convention inexpedient, by reason of the dis-
tance they may be from the scene of action, as well as the delays which attend the
deliberations of large bodies: And whereas Brigadier-General George Clinton doth, by
his commission, take rank of all the other brigadier-generals in the counties aforesaid,
and the Convention reposing great confidence in his integrity, prudence and military
skill:
Resolved, That Brigadier-General George Clinton be, and he is hereby authorized and
required, either on the requisition of His Excellency General Washington, or at his own
discretion, to call into actual service, all or any part or portion of the militia (as well
horse as foot) of the counties of Westchester, Dutchess, Ulster and Orange, or either
of them; and that he station the said militia in such manner as may be most proper
for the securing the forts and passes aforesaid, and frustrating the attempts of the
enemy to make incursions into this State. And that they be discharged as soon as the
arrival of a sufficient number of Continental troops, or other contingency shall render
their continuance in the field unnecessary.
Resolved, That all such of the militia of this State as shall be called into actual
service, shall be entitled -to Continental pay and rations, and be subject to the order
and regulations made for the government of the American army.
And whereas just cause of discontent hath heretofore arisen from the delays which
have frequently been made in paying off the militia of this State, after having been in
actual service as aforesaid,
Resolved, That all such sums of money as General George Clinton shall certify to be
justly due to any body of the Militia, so by him, called into actual service, shall, on
the receipt of such certificate, and of the accounts and vouchers respecting the same,
be forthwith paid out of the treasury of this State.
And whereas from the neglect of deputy quarter-masters and others, many of the
Inhabitants in this State, whose teams, carriages and horses have been impressed into
the service, have not been paid their reasonable wages and hire for the same, whereby
divers of zealous friends to the American cause, have had just reason to complain, and
been discouraged from affording their aid.
Resolved, That General George Clinton, have power to impress carriages, horses,
teams, boats and vessels, and that he take care that the wages or hire due for the
same be punctually paid; and for that purpose, whenever satisfaction for the same
cannot otherwise be speedily obtained, that he draw on the Convention for such sums
of money as may be necessary for that purpose.
Resolved, That nothing in these resolutions contained shall be construed to enable
Brigadier-General George Clinton to take rank of such other of the brigadier-generals
of this State, as by the rules and orders for arranging the ranks of the officers of the
militia of this State, have precedence of him.
Resolved, That Brigadier-General George Clinton, whenever he shall call out into
actual service all or any part of the militia of the counties aforesaid, do transmit to
this Convention a statement of the reasons for the same, in order that the Conven-
tion may be enabled to judge whether the expense thereof ought to be charged to the
account of the General Congress, or of this State.
Resolved, That the powers by the aforegoing resolutions vested in the said Brigadier-
General George Clinton, continue in full force until the first day of August next, unless
sooner determined by the Convention, or future executive power of this State.
Ordered, That a copy of the aforegoing resolutions be immediately transmitted to
Brigadier-General George Clinton, and that another copy be sent to Fishkill. to be
published in the newspaper.— From the Journal of the Proceedings of the New York
Provincial Congress:
684 Public Papers of George Clinton.
be spared from the important Councils of tlje State. May God
preserve & prosper you. I am your affectionate,
John McKesson.
Genl. George Clinton.
Note. We have had no particulars of the Enemy's Landing
at Peeks Kill but what we received by a Messenger which was
sent by the Commissioners at Fishkill who arrived yesterday
morning.
(Note on back by G. C.)
Colo. Ludington 112
Colo. Field 121
Colo. Graham 133
Colo. Freere 104
Colo. Sutherland 123
Colo. Brinckerhooff 116
Colo. TJmphreys 91
Colo. Graham 800
[No. 421.]
GOSSIP FEOM MR. ERSKINE.
Lord Stirling Gathers Material for a Map of New Jersey.
Ringwood March 27th 1777.
Dear Sir,
I returned from head Quarters yesterday, where I was informed
that the four Companies were filled up some time ago, in Conse-
quence of no recommendations Coming from you.
His Excellency General Washington is quite well, every body
appeared with happy Countenances; the southern troops come in
fast; the enimy are Circumscribed; our ilines extending round
Public Papers of George Clinton. 685
them fromPrincetown toWoodbridge; no dispatches from France
have been yet received from Congress; but I heard the Ceneral
say, that a Gentleman at the post office at Morristown, had re-
ceived a letter from Dr. Fanklin's son in law, wherein he says he
had received letters from Dr. Franklin, which said, that every
thing went as well at the Court of France, as he could wish, and
that a war betwen France and England was as inevitable as
death; such were the Doctor's Expressions.
Mr. Gordon waits on you for payment of the shoes for the
Chevaux De Frize, which I should be happy to hear were in for-
wardness as I find the Enimy are come up the Eiver. I have
directed Mr. Gordon to wait on Coll. Hughs^ who I understand
transacts business for Genl. Mifflin in this Quarter. Concerning
my Iron moved from Hackensack, I have sent my letter to Col.
Hughs open that if you judge it necessary, you will do me the
favour to write him on the Subject. I intend going to Morris-
town again next Monday. Lord Stirling has got many matereals,
from which a map of the Jerseys may be made, which I have
undertaken to form (a business which I can do here) ; his Lordship
was ill, which prevented my bringing the materials with me, as
several of them required explanation, which he was not in a Con-
dition to give ; he was however getting better.
I should be glad to have some drafts of the North River, or ad-
jacent Country; if therefore you know of any sketches for this
purpose I should be happy to have them. I have likewise wrote
Capt. Machine on this account & am with the greatest esteem
Dear Sir
Your most obed't hum'e Ser't,
Honble. Genl. Clinton, Robt. Erskine.
686 Public Papers of George Clinton.
[No. 422.] i ^'
Arrival of French Men of War.
March 31st 1777.
Dear S'r,
Yesterday afternoon I meet with a Gentleman who came from
Philadelphia the first of this week, & last Fryday from Head
'Quarters that he brought with him a Philadelphi Paper (which
he left at Head Quarters), in which was an account of thirty sail
of French Vessells with a convoy of fifteen sail of Men of Warr &
armed Vessells, haveing appeared of South Carolina, that the
merch't men had on Board 200 peices of cannon, 30000 stand of
arms^ Dry Goods &c., that the French men of Warr declared they
came with no Hostile Intentions against Brittain but to protect
the Trade of France with the Independent States of America, that
Half of the Fleet was to go to Chesepeek Bay & half to Dele ware.
I dont doubt of the Gent'ns Verasity of the above acct. being in
Paper he mentioned, & hope they have good authority for it at
Philadelphia.
By a Person of Charecter Just come from Boston I am told that
Two French Gent'n of distinction were arrived to the Eastward
from France, that when he left Boston great preparations of Fire
works &c. were prepareing to Receive them on this day when they
were to be there.
I am with respect S'r your Humb'e Serv't,
William Bedlow.
To Brigadier Genl. George Clinton.
Public Papers op George Clinton. G87
[No. 423.]
GENERAL CLINTON SUMMONS HIS FIELD OFFICERS
Who Pass Patriotic Resolutions, Declare the State is Invaded and
Appoint Officers for the Four Regiments Which are to Be Called
Out.
Marcli 31st 1777.
At a meeting of the field Officers of Brigadier Genl. George
Clinton's Brigade, at the House of Mrs. Fall in little Britain.
Present — B. Gene'l, George Clinton.
Col. Snyder Major Hooghteling
iCol. Hornbeck Ma'r Wynkoop
Col. Hasbrouck Ma'r Jansen
Col. Woodhall Mar Philips
Lent. Col. Elmendorph Ma'r Strong
Col. Hardenbergh Ma'r Dubois
Brig'r Genl. Clinton read the Resolution of the Contention of
this State impowering him to call out the whole or any Part of
the Militia of the four Counties of Ulster, Dutchess, Orange &
Westchester to defend this State against the Incursions of our
implacable Enemies and reinforce the Garrison of Fort Mont-
gomery, defend the Post at Sidnam's Bridge, and afford Protec-
tion to the distress'd Inhabitants.
The Question then being put, whether any men were presently
necessary for the Above Purposes?
was Unanimously carried in the Affirmative.
The present Situation of this State being maturely considered,
Resolved. That it is the opinion of this meeting that this State
is presently invaded.
iResolved 2nly. That one-third of the militia of Ulster & Orange
(including Exempts) supposed to amount to about Twelve hun-
dered, be immediately call'd out into Actual Service.
088 Public Papers of George Clinton.
Eesolved 31y. That each Capt. upon the Faith & Honour of an
officer, shall return to his Col. a true Estimate of the Quota of his
Company to make up the Demanded Numiber; And that the Cols.
upon the same Principles & in the same manner make a Return
to ye B. C of the Number of men delivered to them.
Resolv'd 41y. That the Twelve hundered men be divided into
Three Regts. And that the following Gent'n be and they are
hereby appointed to take the Command.
For the two Eegts. of Ulster:
Col. Pawling
Col. Snyder.
McClaughery &
Lieut. Cols. \
Hardenbergh.
[No. 424.]
THE TROOPS CALLED OUT.
And Gm-eral Clinton Issues the Necessary Orders for Their
Guidance.
Brigade Orders 31st March 1777.
, The Honorable the Convention of this State having by their
Resolve of the 25th Instant authorized & required Brig'r General
George Clinton to call into actual Service all or any Part or
Proportion of the Militia, as well Horse as Foot of the Counties
of West Chester, Dutchess Ulster and Orange for the Defence of
the Posts and Passes of the Highlands & frustrating the At-
tempts of the Enemy to make Incursions into the State; And
it being at a meeting of the Field Officers of the Militia of the
Counties of Ulster & Orange that one-third Part of the Militia
of said Counties Ought immediately called into actual Service
for that Purpose. : ,
Public Papers op George Clinton. 689
lit is therefore ordered that
The Cols, of the Respective Regts. by Ballot or in any other
equitable manner immediately detach the Third Part of their
Regts. under Proper Officiers, each Company to consist of sixty
two Privates as nearly as may be. That the men so to be rais'd
be divided into 3 Regts. Commanded by
1 Pawling
Col. Heathhorn
Snyder
( MoClaughery
Lieut. Cols. ■< Col. Cuyper
( Hardenbergh
f Logan
Ma'r ^ Hooghteling
I
[ Moffat
That Cols. Pawling & Snyder immediately march by Detach-
ments the men raised to Fort Montgomery, that Col. Heathhorn
march his Regt. to be rais'd down to occupy the Post at Sidnam's
Bridge and Observe the orders heretofore given to Col. Pawling.
To prevent Partiality and that the men may be raised in the
mosf just & equitable manner,
Ordered Each Capt. Upon the Faith and Honour of an Officier,
shall return to his Col. a true Estimate of the Quota of his Com-
pany to make up the demanded number; and that the Cols, upon
the same Principles & in the same manner make a Return of the
number of men deliver'd to them.
That Each Troop of Horse in the four Counties furnish thier
protionable Quota of the men to be raised.
44
690 Public Papers of George Clinton.
[No. 425.]
FOE THE PROTECTION OF THE STATE.
For Lack of Courts, the Stct^te Convention Adopts a Vigorous Reso-
lution Against Treason.
In Convention of the Representatives of the State of New
Yorl^. Kingston April 1st 1777.
Whereas from the want of Courts properly instituted for the
Trial of Treasons and other Offences against this State, the Reso-
lutions heretofore passed for the Punishment of the same have
not been executed, whereby divers Persons in this State, who
have been employed by the Enemy as Spies or for the purpose of
enlisting men into their Service, or furnishing them wdth Sup-
plies or Intelligence many of whom were not punishable by the
continental Articles of War have escaped with Impunity.
RESOLVED that all such Persons as have been or shall be ap-
prehended in this State, without the Enemy's Lines, by Continental
or other American Troops, as Spies from the Enemy or for enlist-
ing men into their Service, or for furnishing Supplies or Intelli-
gence to them, be tried for the said Offences by martial Law and
if found guilty suffer Death or other Punishment at the Discre-
tion of a general Court Martial of the Continental army or of the
Militia of this State; provided that where any Person shall have
been convicted by a Court Martial by Virtue of this Resolution,
that the Sentence shall not be executed untill approved by this
Convention or a future Legislature of this State.
WHEREAS a form of Government will soon be established in
this State and proper Courts organized for the Trial of Offences
therein, — therefore Resolved that the Resolution abovementioned
continue in force untill the first Day of July next unless sooner
Public Papers of George Clinton. G91
repealed bv this Convention or the future Legislature of this
State.
Extract from the Minutes.
Eobt. Benson, Secry.
[No. 426.]
THE BRITISH PLAN UNFURLED.
Their 'Nortliern and Southern Armies to Make a Junction on the
Hudson — Indifference of the Militia — Clinton's Recommendations.
Fort Montgomery 1st Apl. 1777.
Dear Sir,
Immediatly on the Rec't of your Excellency's Letter of the
23d Ultimo I ordered the third Part of ye Militia of Orange
County to guard the Passes of the Highlands on the West Side
of Hudson's Riyer to co-operate with the Militia under Genl.
Heard, in Case the Enemy shoud make any Attempt in that
Quarter but I am unhappy to find by a Return of I have just
rec'd from Lieut. Colo. Ouyper who commands that Detachm't
that not more than 2.50 have yet a rived at the Post where they
were to rendevouz.
I have again repeated my Orders to the Colonels of the Militia
Regts. & I woud fain hope they will exert themselves in Turning
out their respective Quotas which if effected will ammount to
about 500 Men & that will be all the strenghth we shall be able
to collect for that Service. The Garrissons of this & the other
Fortresses in the Neighbourhood being already rather Weak
considering their Importance & their defencesless Situation on
the Land side where we are now buisilly employed in erecting
proper Works.
My Brother as w^ell my self agree with your Excellency that
it woud be prudent for one of us to be with the Troops destined
692 Public Papers of George Clinton.
to guard the Passes on the West Side of the Eiver as it may
have some Influence on the Militia & tend to bring them out
with greater ehearfullness &, he proposes setting out in a Day
or two to Join them by which Time I shall be able to confine my
Attention more closely to this Post.
As Captains Santford & Watkins have about 40 or 50 Men in-
listed I have ordered them to join the Militia under Colo. Cuyper
where they will not only be serviceable as a Eeinf orcement but
most likely to fill their Comjjanies. Capts. Black & Tom I have
ordered to this Post who I imagine have about an equal Number
of Men Chiefly inlisted from the Militia called into to reinforce
this Garrisson & here they will have a favourable Opportunity
of filling their Companies. This step I hope will meet your Ex-
cellency's approbation. If the Men which those Gentlemen
have already inlisted were armed & Cloathed they woud be use-
ful soldiers & I believe it woud have great Influence on the re-
cruiting service as far at least as it respects the filling of those
Companies.
I inclose your Excellency the Report of the Court Martial for
the Tryal of Capt. Miller* on the Charge alledged ag't him by Capt.
Belknap And also that of another Court Martial Convened for
the Tryal of sundry Persons for Treasonable Practices agreable
to a Resolve of the Convention of this State. If the Convention
approve of the Sentences I conclude I shall be right in ordering
them to be carried into Execution. A Sudden & severe Example
is certainly much wanted to deter others from like Wicked Prac-
tices «& as those are attrocious Offenders a better Opportunity
cant be had. Indeed to the daring Conduct of these Vilians in
marching in a Body well armed thro' the Country & firing on
the Inhabitants I am well perswaded may be imputed in a great
*See pages 7C7-709 and 712, 713.
Public Papers of George Clinton. 693
Measure the Unwillingness of the Militia to leave Home, & shoud
they escape with Impunity or their Punishment long delayed
much Evil woud arise. Your Excellency I presume has already
a more perfect Account of our Missfortunes at Danburry than
I am able to give. The Bearer Capt. Lush Pay Master
to Colo. Du Bois Regiment, whose Business is to procure some
Cash for the Regt. which is much wanted will be able to Inform
your Excellency of any Particulars respecting the Conduct of the
above disafected Persons & their Connection with others as he
acted as Judge Advocate on the Tryal. I am with the highest
Esteem,
Your Excellency's most Obed't Humble Serv't,
Geo. Clinton.
The Enemy's shipping still continue near Dobb's Ferry; another
small Topsail Vessel join'd them Day before yesterday, soon after
which they came under sail, the Wind a Head, beat up the Eiver
about half a Mile, & '•' came too," since which tho the Wind has
been fair & high they have not moved. They appear to have
but few Troops on Board who are buisilly employed in procuring
& taking on Board Fascines & Gabions.
All the Accounts which we have been able to collect from dif-
ferent Parties of Tories lately apprehended in this State agree
that the Enemy mean to pursue their original Intention of join-
ing their Southern & Northern Armies up this River & that they
are to be aided bv the Indians.
The Evidence of John Moore* taken before the Committee of
the Precinct of Mamacotting this 31st day of March 1777.
*See pages 716 et seq.
694 Public Papers of George Clinton.
That on Wednesday last at Major Deckers, Samuel Haring
came to him, to persuade him to join in a certain Plot that they
intended to put in Execution next Wednesday against the Whigs,^
upon which, More replyed that he did not choose to act against
them for he lived amongst them, and they used him well; and
More asked him, how they intended to proceed, upon which Har-
ing replyed that Joseph Barton was to meet them with 3000
men at Sussex Court House, and the Design is, that the men of
War was to sail up the North River, upon which they expected
that the Militia would be called to guard along the North River^
and that they were to divide themselves into two Parties, the
one to come along this Way and the other some other Way, and
they expected a Party from the Northw'd across the Lakes to
be joined by the Indians and so all at once fall upon the Country
and cut off and destroy what they can. And further the De-
ponent, saith that Haring told him that there was recruiting
Officers out a raising all the men they could, and for encourage-
ment every man that joyns is to have 100 acres of Land, and that
he the said Haring was to have the command of a Captain, and
that he had raised 23 men, Briant Hammon had 39 men, and
Francis McGee had 32 men, McGee's men all sworn; said Haring
likewise said that his brother in Law Jacobus Brinck was one
of his principle men, and James McCormick was one of his Ser-
jeants and they were all to go over the Mountain to Sussex Court
House to Joyn Joseph Barton.
Said Haring likewise told More that if he did not Join them,
they would certainly shoot him.
Attested before me,
Benjamin Depuy Chairman.
Public Papers of George Clinton. 695
A true Copy* of the Original transmitted to Convention exam-
ined & compared by
Kobt. Benson, Secry.
[No. 427.]
General Clinton Orders the Dutchess County Colonels to Draft 800
Men.
To Colonel Morris Graham,
Pursuant to a Eesolve of the Honorable the Convention of the
State of New York, dated the 25th Day of March last, impower-
ing & requiring me until the first of August next to call into
actual Service all or any Part or Proportion of the Militia as well
Horse a^ Foot of the Counties of Ulster, West Chester, Dutchess
and Orange, for the Defence of the Posts and Passes of the High-
lands, & frustrating the Attempts of the Enemy to make Incur-
sions into this State you are for these Purposes forthwith, to
draft by Ballot or other equitable Manner, one hundred & thirty
three Men of your Regiment & them compleatly armed & equiped,
cause to march^ properly Officered, to Fort Independance near
Peek's Kill there to join the Field Officers who shall be appointed
to command them. The Companies to consist as nearly as may
be of Sixty two Privates & to have a Captain & two Lieutenants.
Given under my Hand at Poughkeepsie this 3d Day of April 1777.
Geo. Clinton, B. Genl.
*In Coavention of the Representatives of the State of New York.
Kingston April 3d 1777.
RESOLVED, that a Copy of the Letter from the Chairman of the Committee of Goshen Preo'
together with a Copy of the Deposition of John More, be sent to Brlg'r Genl. George Clinton & tha
he be requested to cause the Persons therein named to be immediately apprehended.
Extract from the minutes.
Robt. Benson Secrj'.
69G Public Papers of George Clinton.
[No. 428.]
The Order of Arrest for Samuel Earing and Other Alleged Traitors.
To the Honorable Convention of the State of New York at Kings-
ton :
Gentlemen,
This Day being the Annaversary for choosing Town Officers, a
very considerable number of Members, both of County & Precinct
Committee were assembled at the House of Colo. Nichols at
Goshen, when we had presented to us the inclosed Deposition which
we thought proper to transmit to you. We have duly examined
into the Character of the Deponent & think him a Person worthy
of Credit, and as we look upon ourselves as materially concerned,
we beg your farther advice on the propriety of sending out one
third part of our militia as agreed upon by a Meeting of Genl.
Clinton & the field Officers of the Counties of Ulster & Orange,
Pursuant to a Kesolve of your honble Body.
Michael Jackson, Chairman pro tempore.
Goshen April 1st 1777.
A true Copy of the Original examined by
Eobt. Benson, Secry.
To Serjant Mills of Captain Clarke's Comp'y of Militia Ulster
County.
Pursuant to a Resolve of the Honorable the Convention of the
State of New York Dated the 3d Instant, you are hereby ordered
to take with you a proper Detachment of Men & forthwith proceed
with the utmost Secrecy & Dispatch to Mamacotting Precinct and
take the Bodies of Samuel Harring, Briant Hammon^ Francis Mc-
Gee, Jacobus Brink (Brother in law to said Harring), Joseph
Barton and James McCormick & them under safe & Secure Con-
Public Papers of George Clinton. 697
duct convey to Kingston Gioal to answer for Certain Treasonable
Practices against the United States of America. As these Per-
sons have been recruiting Men for the Service of our Enveterate
Enemy the King of Great Britain you are to spare no Pains in
taking & Securing them and should you discover any who are
iniisted by them or confederate with them you will also appre-
hend & secure them. And on your Approach shou'd any of them
Flee or Resist you are to Fire upon & kill them rather than suffer
them to escape. And for the above Purposes all Officers &
Privates within my Brigade of Militia are hereby required to give
you the necessary Aid. Given at New Windsor the 5th Day of
April 1777.
Geo. Clinton Brig'r Genl. of the Militia
of the Counties of Ulster & Orange.
If Mr. Mills takes Route by the Minisink Road he will in that
Case advise with Major Philips & Capt. Denniston & get their As-
sistance. If across Ward's Bridge with Capts. Hill & Milligan
some or other of those Gentleman will go with him.
Note by George Clinton: "The Bearer Serjant Mills has Liberty
to pass wherever it may be necessary to execute the within Order
which he is not to discover. New Windsor 5th Apl. 1777.
Geo. Clinton, B. Genl."
[No. 429.]
Henry Wisner Exposes a 'New Line of Communication of the Enemy.
Kingston 6th of Aprel 1777.
Dear Sir,
Mr. Kyte from Menesinck is now here with several depositions
taken Before the Committee of Peempack By which and many
698 Public Papers of George Clinton.
other Sircumstances it is Evident to me y't a number of designing
villens are skulking about and Between the neighbourhoods of
Menesinck and Keshaighton,with designe to strike a stroak when-
ever opertunity may offer; you may depend on it, Sir, that a Con-
stant Communication is Kept up Between the two British armies
B}^ the way of Warwick, Greenwood By the head of the drounded
land throng Menisinck Kashaighton and so norwestward. He
tels me that part of Cutaback's and Kortright's Oompanies are
gone out to indeavour to apprehend them. I take the Liberty to
Refer it to your Better under standing wheather it will not Be
Best to imploy part of the malitia near those parts to Cut of y't
Rout and to apprehend those villens. I am Just inform'd that 17
of our Newburough quallity are taken at said Greenwoods and
are now in Goshen gole.
I am Sir your
Humble Servant,
Henry Wlsner.
To Brigadeer General George Clinton.
[No. 430.]
Tories Reported in the Mountains from Sterling to Sussex.
Goshen April 6th, 1777.
S'r,
This Day a Third Part of the Regiment uner my Command is
ordered to march to the Pass at Sidman's Bridge but as Maj'r
Decker has by express receiv'd the Inclos'd (which he immediately
convey'd to me) he has ventur'd to stop the marching of one third
of one or two of the uper Companies to the pass afifores'd & has
order'd the whole Companies to the Assistance of Sussex, which
may perhaps be a prudent measure, for there is undoubtedly a
Public Papers op George Clinton. 699
great Collection of Tories in the Range of Mountains from Sterl-
ing to Sussex, for no less than 20 has been taken there last week
& sent to Goshen Goal & about 30 were at Mace's yesterday morn-
ing where they had the Impudence to Disarm three of Warwick
Regt.
Haveing an opertunity I thought proper to give you this Inteli-
gence & have the Honor to subscribe^
Your most Obedient Hum'le Serv't,
Benj'n Tusten, Ju'r.
P. S. You have also Inclos'd a Coppy of an Affidavit taken
before Comm'tt of the Precinct of Mamocoting it has been sent to
Convention by Col. Niccoll who Informs me since his return that
it accords very well with sundery other accounts that they had
Reciev'd.
B. T.
General Clinton.
General Clinton Approves the Quelling of the Parricides.
Fort Montgomery 8th Apl. 1777.
Sir, '
I have received your Favour of the 6th Instant; I approve your
Conduct & wish you to give every Assistance for quelling those
Paracides in Sussex which the safety of your own Part of the
Country will admit of At the same Time It will not do finally to
exempt the third of the two Companies you mention from the
Duty they were drafted for; but I heartilly consent that they
shoud continue on the Business you have assigned them to as long
as it may be necessary.
I am your Most Obed't Serv't,
(G. C.)
700 Public Papers of George Clinton.
Last Night we scoured the Mountains in vtliis Quarter & took
nine Tories who we have Evidence were engaged in the Enemy's
service.
Lieut. Colo. Thurston (Tusten.)
[No. 431.]
Tories Expected to Attack Susseoo Court House.
Shappanack April ye 6th 1777.
S'r,
By an Express arrived here this Day, from Ooll'l Aaron Hank-
inison of a Comibination of the Tories in this County, we are in
imenent Danger of Both Life and Liberty, the people here are
some of them Complaing with fear, and, therefore, Desire the
favour of you, to Take ye Same into y'r immediate Consideration,
and Collect ias Large Body of ye Malitia and march them forth-
with to Sussex Courthouse with all possible Speed ; we have here
now Beady to march a party of CoiPl Strowd's Batallion & miore
to morrow, who will meet you at S'd Court house. Pray S'r Delay
no Time as the Case is Dangerous, which is the request of all True
Sons of Liberty here. And y'r Unfeignied friends &c.,
Isaac Van Campen
Peter Van Neste
Samuel Westbrook.
P. S. It is Expected that the Tories will attack the People at
the Courthouse on Monday ye 7th Inst, as is Related in Coll'l
Hankinson's Express.
To Maj'r Johannis Decker
Public Papers op George Clinton. 701
[No. 432.]
Measures for the Protection of Westchester County.
In Convention of the Representatives of the State of
New York; Kingston Apdl 7th 1777.
WHEREAS it hath been represented to this Oomvention that
the Inhabitants of the County of West Chester have been reduced
to great distress, as well by the Ravages & Injcursions of the
Enemy, as by the Insurrections of divers disaffected & evil minded
persoins in that County; and further that by means of the defence-
less State of that County the Enemy have been enabled to obtain
great Supplies of various Kinds from the said County, & the west-
ern parts of Connecticut.
RESOLV^ED that the Brigadier Generals McDougall & George
Clinton be requested forthwith to provide for the Security &
protection of the County of West Chester, And that if the Militia
already drawn into Service by General George Clinton, together
with the Troops under the Command of General McDougall,
should be insutficient for that purpose; that the Convention on
notice thereof will make further provision for the same.
Extract from the Minutes,
John McKesson, Secry.
General McDougall,
[No. 433.]
Militia Officers Complain of Their Exposed Situation at Orangetown.
Orange Town April ye 7th 1777.
Sir,
The Battallion of this place has been together this day for the
purpose of raising men in Obedience of your Orders of the 31st
TJlt. But as there is no time limitted in your Orders how long the
.men shall be Continued in Actual Service and Adding to this, that
702' Public Papers of George Clinton.
we are in an exposed Scituation both by land, and water, we have
taken the Liberty to put off the raising of the men for a few Days
untill we hear farther from' you, and the more so as our men are
much Averse to marching to the Clove and leaving their Families
and Effects exposed to the Enemy. The bearer, Mr. De Clark,
who is our Adjutant is so well Acquainted with our Scituation
and the dangers that threaten us, that we think it needless to
acquaint you therewith by Letter but refer you to him.
We hope some steps will be taken for our Safety, We are
Sir Your Most 0>bedient & Very Humble Servants.
Johannes Jos Blauvalt,
John Bell, Capt.
Johannes J. Blauvet, Oapt.
Brig. Genl. George Clinton.
[No. 434.]
A Committee on Its Way to Washington Halts for Want of a Guard.
Chester, 7th April 1777.
Sir, 1 ■ 1 '
I obeyed your orders so far as to convey the Baggage to this
place. Those of the Committee whoi remained at home have met,
and from the information Rec'd which is sent with this, they think
it not safe to proceed without such a gaurd as cannot immediately
be had. As more Baggage is expected up in a day or two, 'tis
thought best to waite for it and by that time we can have intelli-
gence from Sussex and provide a gaurd, such as may be necessary,
I have the honor to be
Your Most Obed't
I Ebenezer WoodhuU.
To George Clinton Brig'r Gen,
Fort Montgomery
Public Papers of George Clinton. 703
Port Montgomery 8th Apl. 1777.
Sir,
I have rec'd yours of yesterday. I must Leave it with the
Quarter Master or Conductor who has the Care of the Cloathing
when & by what Route to proceed & you mnst furnish him with
such an Escort as will at all Events protect & see them; safe at
Head Quarters, for which Purpose yon are hereby impowered to
call on any Part of the Militia. I shoud think by Ring-wood the
safest Way, in which Case the Troops at Sydman's Bridge might
furnish the G-uard from thence, but this I submit to you & the
Quarter Master.
Your moist Obed't,
[G. C]
Capt. Woodhull.
[No. 435.]
DRIVING CATTLE TO THE ENEMY.
Complaints of the Commissioners that Westchester County is in a
Dismal Condition and the Continental Cause has Suffered in Con-
sequence.
Benjamin Hopkins in North Castle Westchester County
7th April 1777.
Sir,
The Commissioners appointed for this County by the Conven-
tion of this state, being Informed that you are appointed Brig'r
Genl. of the imilitia in the Counties of Orange, Ulster Dutchess
and Westchester; beg leave tO' Inform you, that from the week-
ness of the forces in this County, they are unable to Execute the
Trust reposed in themi The Troops now in this County do not
exceed 140; the time of service of about 40 men, will expire on
next Thursday, when onr Number will be much reduced; unless
the Drafts which we have ordered come in by that time, however
704 Public Papers of George Clinton.
we have not the least hopes of having with the drafts miore than
150 men.
Our County is in a Dismal situation; the Tories our Inveterate
foes have been busy for the space of a fortnight in driving off,
Cattle and horses; last Friday night a drove of 40 fatt Cattle were
driven, thro' Eye, from Boston, to the Enemy. The Villain who
drove it Cloaked his Villany by pretence of his going to G-enl.
Washington; we doubt not during the above mentioned space of
time 500 Cattle and horses have been driven to the Enemy; our-
selves and good friends are much exposed to the Cruel and merci-
less outrages of the Enemy, and we doubt not that many of a
week Resolution have Deserted to the Enemy from the weeknesis
of our forces that would otherwise have been of service to our
Cause.
We are fully of opinion that this County is the only Effectual
Chamnell, thro' which supplies of men and provisions can be Con-
veyed to the Enemy, and that this County not only suffers but
that the General Cause by that means is greatly Injured.
We can at present be of but little other iservice here, than to
keep up the spirits of our friends, by our preseince as Commission-
ers, as it may have some species show of speedy Relief; we, there-
fore, hope and earnestly Intreat, the favour of your affording us
and the well affected Inhabitants, Relief, by ordering down Im'-
mediately a sufficient Number of forces to Enable us to do our
duty, and to Cutt off all Communication from the Enemy.
I am Sir
By Order of the Commissioners
your Obed't Hble. Serv't,
Richard Hatfield, Seciy.
To Brig'r Genl. George Clinton.
Public Papers op George Clinton. 705
[No. 436.]
More Tory Plots.
1 , Pienpack April the 8th 1777.
Honou'd Sir,
We Sent the Bearor hereof Mr. Thos. Kyte Last Week to the
Convention at Kingston with Different Depositions taken by us,
Discovering the Villanus Plotts Intended by the Cruel and De-
ceitful Tories, Copies of which we Expect you have Keceived from
the Convention (at Least they wrote to us by the Bearor that they
Intended to Send them to you) advising us to make Eeport to you
of Any Danger we Should apprehend in this Quarter.
Pursuant, thereunto, we Send you the Letter that was Sent to
us by Express from the Jarsies^ Upon the Receipt of which there
are marched Differen Parties from Different Quarters to Sussex
as we are Informed. We are likewise Informed that there are
Several of the Tories apprehended in the Jersays.
Upon the Doleful Call of our friends at Koschecton for help
against the growing Tory Brood we thought it advisable to order
Capt'n Cuddeback to march with fifteen of his men and Capt'n
Newkerk with the like number to their assistance, which they
did Last Sabath-Day morning But we have had no acct. as yet
from them. Sir, by the best Inteligence w^e Can Receive we must
Conclude that there is a Constant Communication Kept up Be-
tween the Two British armies by the way of Koschton and the
hed of the Drounded Land, for we are Persuaded that there are
harborurs Enough for them along that way.
Sir, there is another Difficulty attends this Precinct, for the
Continental Stores are Continually Conveyed this way from
Philidelphia to Tyconteroga and a Great part of the Road with-
out Inhabitants, So that we Judge it not Safe that they Should
706 Public Papers of George Clinton.
Go without a Guard, But we Refer it Intirely to your better
Judgment and so wait your Orders and act Pursuant thereunto.
And So Remain Yours to Serve
P Order of the Committee.
Philip Swartwoud Chairman.
To Brigadear Genaral George Clinton @ New Windsor.
[No. 437.]
Completing Barracks for Militia.
Ramapough April 9th 1777.
D'r Sir,
iSunday last five Deserters out of Colo. Buskirk^s Regiment
came over to us, two of which I took their Examination and now
send you. The Militia are coming in daily & could wish them
better conveniences than what there is which I think might with
but little Cost & Trouble be provided by completing the Barracks
near the store, which Should be glad with your Consent & appro-
bation to fall about, as for Boards I think I have a Sufiiciency,
Nails I most think we have in store, and if you approve of the
matter you'll be pleased to acquaint me of it and give me further
Directions.
I am S'r Your Humb'e Serv't,
Gilb't Cooper Lt. Colo'l.
To General George Clinton at New Windsor.
[No. 438.]
A Fourth Part of the Westchester Militia Summoned.
Pursuant to Authority given me by the Honorable the Con-
vention of the State of New York It is hereby ordered, that one
fourth Part of the Militia of West Chester County be forthwith
rUBLIG rAI'ERS OV GeORGE ClIXTOX. 707
called Into actual Service for the Defence of the State and for
frustrating the Attempts of the Enemj' to make incursions in the
same (to continue in Service till the first of August next unless
sooner dismissed); And for this Purpose the Colonels or Com-,
manding OflBcers of the different Regiments in said County are
immediatly to cause that Proportion of their resi^ective Regi-
ments to be drafted by Ballot or other equitable Manner and
them x>i'oper]y Officered cause to march to such Posts in said
County as the Committee of the same shall judge most proper
untill Field Officers shall be appointed to take the Command of
them.
Given at Fort Montgomery the 9th Ap'l 1777.
Geo. Clinton, B. GenL
[No. 439.] '";
LIEUT. BELKNAP'S GRIEVANCE. ■
He accuses Capt. Miller of Gross Misconduct and Brutalitij.
Morris Tov^'n Aprill 10th 1777,
Sir,
Inclosed you have the Complaint of Lieut. William Belknap of
Colo. Livingston's Regiment of your State, by which you will see
that he accuses Capt. Alex'r Miller of behaving in a most extraor-
dinary manner to him. His Excellency wishes jom would have
those people brought before you, & if you find Miller guilty of the
Charge, you may punish him in a most exemplary manner; trans-
mitting him a Copy of the Proceedings.
I am Sir,
Y. mo Obed't V. Hble. Serv't,
John Fitzgerald,
Aid de Camp.
Gciil. Geo. Clinton,
708 Public Papers of George Clinton.
April 7tli 1777.
Honoured Sir,
On my way from Albany to your Excellency, I came to Giddian
Mases^ who this day was Confined on suspision of being a Tory.
At his House 1 met with the Miletia Guard & was used very ill
by them, one of them collowed me shov'd me backwards, & called
me a damn'd Tory Boger, & asked me where I was bound; I re-
plied to his Excellency General Washinton; his answer was,
" you lie, by God, I'll march you a Prisoner to Goshen Goal you
damn'd rascal."
Some of the Guards sided with him, & others with me. I asked
them where their Olficers were, they told me that it was none of
my business, & that I should not see them.
I asked them if they wou'd suffer me to take a drink of water,
their reply was no.
One of them struck me with the Britch of his Gun. Then I
shewed them the Letter Directed to your Excellency they then
consented that I should go to their Officers; on my way I met
15 or 20 men, & asked them if they had an officer with them;
they answered me, yes, & showed me their Capt'n.
1 turn'd back with him, & told him who I was, from whence I
came, wher Bound, & what my Business was^ whent with them
to their Guard House.
He demanded the Letter Directed to your Excellency; then I
imediately shew'd him the letter holding it in my hand Saying,
" Sir you may read the Superscription."
" He swore by God he wou'd have it & catched from my hand;
I desired him not to open it, that I could show him Papers suffi-
cient to carry me thro' America where the Regulars was not;
his answer "I doubt that," & broke the seal & also demanded
Public Papers of George Clinton. 709
my pocket Book, Saddle bags, Sword, & Pistles, & discharg'd one
of them, sent me a Prisoner six miles out of my way, with a guard.
The next morning the said Capt'n came to the House where I
was confined, whent into a Private Room with a Gentleman,
searched my papers & broke open several letters, one directd to
Brigadier Gen. Maxwell then called me & delivered me all that
he had taken excepting one Letter, 4 Dollors. His Guard Plun-
dred the House of plate, Liquer Provision, & abused the women
much. The Offenders Name is Alexander Miller, Capt'n of the
milletia. Living at Sugar Loaf in Orange County & the State of
New York.
Attest. William Belknap, Lieutenant.
[No. 440.]
CLINTONS FORCE INADEQUATE.
Correspondence hePween the General and Robert R. Livingston Rela-
tive to Tories and Defences of the Hudson.
Manor of Livingston 11th Ap'l 1777.
Dear Sir, < ,
I ain more & more convinced that something is in agitation
among the Tories. A few nights since Mr. Van Veghten was
plundered of his & his sons cloathing & arms by a number of
them who came publickly to his house in the evening; many of
his neighbours were likewise disarmed. Their motions are at
this time favoured by the disolution of committees & want of
other majestrates who are qualified to act. It would certainly
be proper to post some troops in or about Tackanick or the Magre
Vlactee, from whence they might occasionally march to different
parts of the Manor & Kindrenhook. The Tory commissioners
sh'd go to work. The Militia of the Manor wants a thorough
reform, one third of the Officers having taken the oaths of allegi-
710 Public Papers op George Clinton.
ance. Perhaps it might be advisable to "'annex the Takauick
company to the Claverack regiment under Claverack officers, as
I believe a sufficient number of good whigs cannot be found
among themselves. I think it necessary from time to time to
advise your Excellency of the motions of this dangerous people
as nothing but the strictest care will keep them quiet & past
miscarriages renders them more formidable.
How stands matters below, are our posts in tolerable order?
And what prospects have you of having their strength tried?
Your Excellency will oblige me by letting me know any occur-
rence of importance »& sending me such late papers as you have
read.
I am informed that your Excellency has granted exemptions
to work men employed in rebuilding the houses destroyed last
fall by the enemy. As I meet with great difficulty in procuring
hands for want of such exemption I must beg the favor of an
exemption for three hands for my Mother & as many for myself —
two Carpenders & one Mason for each. As I know not yet who
I shall be able to get I must request blanks for their names. I
do myself the honor to enclose a Philadelphia edition of the con-
stitution as I have not observed that you have one. I am
With the greatest respect & esteem
Your Excellency's Most Oh't Hum. Serv't,
Kobt. R. Livingston.
To His Excellency Gov'r Clinton.
Gen. Clinton Sends Int&t^esting News to Rohert R. Livingston.
D'r Sir,
I received your Letter of the 11th Instant last Night but not
knowing the Negro Man who delivered it to be your Servant I
neglected answering it & send it by him on his Return.
Public Papers of George Clinton. Til
I am sensible the Tories as usual intended to have executed
some Wicked Plott this Spring, but I believe it was nothing
more than to embody in Parties according to the Numbers willing
to join in different Parts of the State then march off & Join the
Enemy plundering & disarming as many of the Whigs as they
might be able on their Route. 1 trust tlie Numbers of them
which have been apprehended & confined & the fear they must
be in of their plan being discovered will deter them from the
farther prosecution of it unless favoured by some Attempt of the
Enemy ag't this Quarter.
Colo. Holmes of W^est Chester was with some other Villians
a few Days ago taken on his Way to the Enemy; the Colo, after-
w'ds escaped; one of the others was killed & the Rest are con-
fined. I am persuaded he was the Head of this Wicked Busi-
ness & I suppose was to have had the Command of a Regt. to
be raised in that way. The Commissioners have formed one
Board at this Place & are industrously imployed in the Duties
of their Office. Another Board is formed in Albany.
Block Houses are building in Ammonia Precinct under Capt.
Piatt for the more secure Confinement of their Prisoners. This
aided 'by a few severe Examples infiicted by the Court of Oyer
& Terminer sitting at this Place & the Supreme Court which is
to open at Albany next Tuesday I believe will strike such Terror
(and) put an effectual stop to open Torryism at Present. As
soon as Mr. Benson and the other Gentlemen Com'rs can be
spared from this Place they will proceed to your Quarter &
purge it.
I have not yet granted any Exemptions to Workmen employed
by the People who were burnt out last Fall nor do I think it
woud be prudent untill the Drafts for filling up the Continental
712 Public Papers of George Clinton.
Battalion are compleated when that is done J will chearf ully fur-
nish you with your full Proportion.
There is a great Deal of Work Done at West Point but it is
by no means in a proper state of Defence ; neither is the Number
of Troops in this Department sufficient for the many Posts they
are to defend if the Enemy shoud come in Force agt them. By a
Letter I rec'd two Days since from Gov'r Ttumbull, I am soon
to expect the 2300 Men requested from that State & Massachu-
sets for the Defence of the River. I inclose you the two last
Papers I have received. I have no News but what they contain.
Please to offer my best Respects to Mrs. Livingston & believe me
Yours sincerely,
G. C.
I can), do nothing with the Militia Company you mention till the
next Meeting of the Council of Appointment; when that will be
or when the Secry. will make out 'Commissions for such of the
Officers as are already appointed God only knows.
[To Robert R. Livingston]
[No. 441.]
Capt. 3iiller to he Court Martialled on Complaint of Lieut. Belknap.
New Windsor 13th Ap'l 1777.
D'r Sir,
The inclosed Letter* from his Excellency Genl. Washington and
Complaintf of Lieut. Belknap will shew the Necessity of the Court
Martial whereof you are President, Meeting on the Day to which
it is adjourned; which I was in Hopes before might have been
avoided. You are impowered to appoint new Members in the
Room of those who are in actual Service or otherwise absent, & a
Person to act as Judge Advocate & you'l immediatly cause the
* Washington's letter not found. — State Historian. + See pages 707, 70S, 709.
Public Papers of George Clinton. 713
Offenders mentioned in Lieut. Belknap's Complaint to be confined
& brought before the Court for Tryal giving summons for such
Persons to attend as Evidences as Mr. Belknap may mention.
The Judge advocate must take down the Evidence fully & the Pro-
ceedings must be fair as they are to be reported to the Commander
in Chief. I mentioned the late Conduct of Convention respecting
the Prisoners under Sentence of the Court to several Members
they assure me it was without Design of Offending & proceeded
from inadvertency & want of proper Information only. You'l
notify the Convention when you meet that they may send such
Prisoners to be tried if any they have in Confinem't who are cog-
nizable before you.
I am &c.
Geo. Clinton.
[To Col. Woodhull.]
[No. 442.]
FREE AND EASY METHODS.
Col. Woodhull Informs General Clinton that a Court Martial at
the Present Time is Out of the Question.
Blooming Grove 14th April 1777.
Dear General,
I have this Moment Received your orders by the Hand of Lieu-
tenant Belknap for the General Court Martial Sitting on the Day
of adjournment. Your Honour may Remember that it was the
General Sentiment 'of the Officers who met at Little Britton that
they never would Sit on a Court Martial again untill they ware
Informed upon what Principel Convention Did act in Discharging
Prisoners who ware sentenced by the Court. I think it more than
Probable that not a Single member will attend on the Day of ad-
jurnment unless Particarlly notified; there is near one Half of
714 Public Papers of George Clinton.
the members that are in the Service absent apd Sick that I know
of; it will be attended with a Great Deal of Ttoble and will Take
up much Time for me to make a Court; as your Honour has
Hinted to me that the Sitting of the Court might been avoided
at this time had it not been for the Scandilous Treatment of
Lieutenant Belknap I think that fellow may as well be Brought
to Justice Hereafter by the Court as at Present; as there is
several witnesses which I /suppose will be able to support the
Charge. I have great objections to appointing so Larg a number
of members as would be Necessary to make a Court for want of
a general acquaintance with the officers; we had Better have no
Court than to have one that is not Determined to Bring offenders
to Justice.
I hope that your Honour will not be of opinion that these Lines
proceed from a Disposion not to obey the Very Least of your
Commands. I Hope your Honour will appoint the members and
the Place of meeting and I will attend with Pleasure, if it might
be Put off Till after I Can find which would be a more Lasure
Time; it would be a favour to the Court. In Great Haste, from
your Most obedient & Very Humb. Serv't,
Jesse Woodhull.
[To Gen. Clinton]
[No. 443.]
Robert Morris Vouches for Doremus.
D'r Sir,
Coming by accident to this place, I was called on by Mr. John
Doremus, in whose favor I had the honour to write to 3^ou some
time agoe He acknowledges your kindness in discharging his son,
on his application ; buf complains, that altho' he was afterwards,
on an examination, acquited of any criminal intention, that the
Public Papers of George Clinton. 715
money taken from him is still detained, and also the horses, which
he bought for Albert Van Vorhise. This Van Vorhise, who is a
son in law to Mr. Doremus, is one of the few who continue
friendly in that neighbourhood; and the horses, Van Voorhise in-
forms me, were intended for his mother, who lost a waggon and
horses pressed and carried off at Genl. Washington's Retreat, and
her only remaining two were stole out of the stable about the
same time, her husband then lying on his death bed, and in this
distress'd situationi ishe was left when the enemy arrived.
The family being friends, and the above the circumstanceft of
their case, which, they say, has been proved before a committee of
your Convention, has induced me to trouble you with this, in the
perswasion that you will use your influence in their favor with
those who detain their money & horses.
I am not unacquainted with the difficulty of geting property out
of the hands of many of the common militia men; who are but
too apt to consider all they get, as lawfull plunder; but think
the circumstances of a suffering friend, ought to weigh, even, with
uncultivated minds.
The complaints of a man of fair character, and who has the vir-
tue to continue friendly in the situation of the inhabitants of the
lower part lof this county, I confess affects me; more specially
when he adds, that this misfortune is a subject of insult to them^
from their disaffected neighbours, for persisting to join with peo-
ple who treat them; worse than the regulars have. It should be
considered too, that this transaction is made use of in a part of
the country where motives of interest are but too predominant.
I beg your excuse for mentioning arguments of this sort to you,
with whom the principles of justice are abundantly sufficient; but
716 Public Papers of George Clinton,
as they may be necessary to some concerned, I flater myself you
will pardon them from
Your very humble Servant,
Eobt. Morris.
Paramus April 17th 1777.
Genl. Clinton.
[No. 444.]
SAMUEL HARING EXPOSES A TORY PLOT.
Involving the Capturing of the Convention of the State of New York —
The Details.
Kingston April 17th 1777.
Sir,
I am directed by Convention to transmit yon the enclosed Reso-
lution extending the Resolution of the 1st inst. for Trying Persons
coming from the Enemy as spies «S:;c. by Courts martial, to Per-
sons who may be apprehended in going to the Enemy — also the
Examinationof Sam'l Haring,* now confined at this Place, relative
to some dangerous Persons now lurking in the woods at Minisink
with a number of others not mentioned in the s'd Examination.
The Convention request you to use the best means in your Power
to cause them to be apprehended.
I am with great Respect Sir
Your most Obedient Servant,
By order, Pierre Van Cortlandt, V. Pres'dt.
The Honble. Brig'r Genl. George Clinton.
The examination of Samuel Harring; he says he was Born in
Ireland that he was taken into Custody at Minisink in conse-
quence as he was informed of one John Moore's swearing that the
Examinant was to be appointed a Lieutenant in the Regular
*See pages 693 et seq.
Public Papers of George Clinton. , 717
Sersdce and was Enlisting Men for that purpose; that the said
Moore had formerly Deserted from the Eegular Army, had since
Enlisted in our Army and has deserted from them. That some
Time in the Winter the Examinant heard that one Joseph Bar-
ton, living at a place called Mama Cotting had a Quantity of Salt
to Sell, which the Examinant was much in want of; that the
Examinant went there and while there, said Barton gave him
encouragement and Advised him to join the Eegular Army, tell-
ing him that matters would soon be settled on the same footing
they were in the year 17G3. And if he wou'd join he wou'd have
100 Acres of Land given him, which the examinant says he re-
fused. That some Time after one Solomon Kortreght was sent
to the Examinant requesting him to come to the said Barton
immediately, which he refused to do, that the next night the said
Barton went off to the Enemy as this Examinant has been in-
formed. That about 6 Weeks ago the Examinant was informed,
an Officer was sent to take said Kortreght into Custody but did
not succeed, that since that Time said Kortreght has told
the Examinant, he would Enlist all the Men in his power, and
inform'd him he had seen a Letter from said Barton which men-
tioned that he and all his Friends should hold themselves in
Readiness, that he intended to be at Home to Eat his Easter
Dinner, and on the Night following make a general Goal delivery
at Sussex and Goshen; that the Examinant waged a bottle of
Eum that, it would not be done by May Day; that some-
time since the said Kortreght offered the Examinant £ 50 to go
with him to the Eegulars, telling the Examinant that himself and
about 20 more had a meeting the night before which was on
Thursday night last a Week past, who told the Examinant he
had a true Acct. how matters were to be carried on. The Scheme
718 Public Papers of George Clinton.
was, that as iSoon as the Grass would supply, the Horses with feed
sufficient for their Subsistence a Number of Light Horse together
with a larg party of Tories and some Eegular Troops, was to
penetrate into the Country to Sussex and Goshen, which would
be done as soon as they heard that General How had attacked
General Washington Army and drove them from Morris Town;
that they woud at the same time send some shiping up the North
River, as far as New Windsor, that about 400 men from Albany
and the upper part of Ulster County were to come down to
Kingston and take the Convention Prisoners, carry them down to
New Winsor & put them on Board the men of War, for which
they were to receive great rewards there to meet the other party
or parties. That when this Scheme is to be put in Execution
Expresses are to be sent through that part of the Country to all
the Tories who was immediately to joine and Disarm all those
who would not assist them. That one James MoC'ormack and
William Crum believes was Confederate with Kortreght. That
Kortreght had told the Examinant that Letters had been re-
ceived from Pensilvany giving great Encouragement that they
should be join'd from that Quarter that the Number of Tories
now with General How was 5600 and upwards that Barton had
1500 under his Command as this Examinant was informed by
said Kortreght.
Samuel Herrin.
Sworn Before me
Jon'n Lawrence
Kingston 16th April 1777.
A true Copy examined & compared by
Kobt. Benson, Secry.
Public Papers of George Clinton. 719
In Convention of the Eepresentatives of the State of New York.
Kingston April 17th 1777.
EESOLVED that a Copy of the Examination of Samuel Haring
be sent to Brig'r Genl. George Clinton & that he be requested to
cause the Persons therein mention'd to be apprehended.
Extract from the Minutes.
Robt. Benson, Secry.
In Convention of the Representatives of the State of New York.
Kingston April 17th 1777.
RESOLVED that the Resolutions of this Convention of the
first Day of April instant, empowering Court Martials to try
Persons, coming from the Enemy^ as iSpies, enlisting men in this
Service, or supplying them with Provisions, be extended to all
such Persons as shall be taken in going off privately, to the
Etaemy, and continue in force untill the first Day of July next
unless sooner repealed.
Extract from the Minutes.
Robt. Benson Secrv.
720
Public Papers of George Clinton.
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Public Papers op George Clinton. 721
[No. 446.]
Hard Times for a Militk\man.
Rochester, Aprill 18th 1777.
D'r S'r,
The bearer hereof Gloady Middagh is a poor men & has a sickly
wife and a percel of smal Children, a smal farm for which he is
yet Consederable in Debt and no person to do his work, as him
self, and is now Drawed on to Go to serve Under you att Fort
Montgomery; he has been very wiling During these Troubles
to do his part according to his ability and has now Endeavored
to Get an other person in his place, which is the Reason of his
staying so Long Behind, and it seems here is not a men to be
had to Go for him. I have offered 10 Dollors to him if he Could
Get one in his place.
Wherefore I Beg the Favour of you to Interside in his behalf
by the General and if possable to Get Leave for him to Return
home, for it wil be exceeding hard for his family and almost
Ruin him to stay till August, and as he is a Rail friend I dobt not
Butt Charity wil Take place.
Inclosed I send you a Return of your Regiment of militia which
you wil please to deliver to General Clinton as I was derected
by him to make a Return.
I Expect yet a Deal of Trouble before we Compleat sending
the 1-3 men out of our Regiment as some yet are absent and
others have Been seen But Cannot as yet be apprehended.
I am S'r, with Greet Esteem your most obedient Humbly
Serv't,
Jacob Hoornbeek.
4G
722 Public Papers of George Clinton.
[No. 447.]
Ropes and Cables for the Great Chain.
Esopus Landing 19th April 1777.
Sir,
Have just received your favour Pr Capt. Clarke, v^ith an Indent
of articles wanting to carry on the Public works; have dispatched
Capt. Clarke with an order to take such Articles asi we have,
which is four Coils of Rope agreable to size, Cables and Anchors;
we have not of the size you want, Capt. Benson has taken what
we had to spare, down to the Chain. If the Eope Capt. Clarke
has, will not be sufficient, shall be ready to supply with a larger
quantity on your order.
I am Sir
Your humble Servant,
Aug't Laurence.
Genl. G. Clinton.
[No. 448.]
Col. Malcom Recommends Mr. Gordon as an Adjutant.
Bingwood, Apl. 19, 1777.
Dear General,
I have been at Morristown this fortnight. Saw his Excel-
lency several times but he only spoke en passent— from thence
I conclude myself out of date.
The general continues to grant warrants to raise companys
& its a pity but the bearer Mr. Gordon was employ'd. He in-
clines the post of adjuant in which he woud aquitt himself well,
I verily believe; its a noble place for a sprightly young Gentle-
man of spirit to shine in & he has been improving himself in the
duty for a considerable time past.
I know y'r letter will procure him either that or a Company.
Col. Gansevort's Regiment wants an adjutant.
Public Papers of George Clinton. 723
I hope to see you soon. I beg leave to offer my best respects
to Mrs. Clinton & the family & am
D'r Sir Y'r very H. Ser't,
W. Malcom.
[No. 449.]
And General Clinton Indorses the Recommendation.
New Windsor 20th Ap'l 1777.
D'r Sir,
The Bearer Mr. Gordon was highly recommended to me by
Mr. Erskine, Colo. Malcolm & others as a fit person to raise a
Company but not before I had Compleated the Nomination of
Officers for the four which your Excellency was please to direct
me to appoint. He seems extreamly desirous of engaging in the
Service of his Country & tho' I have little personal Knowledge of
him his good Character induces me to take the Liberty of men-
tioning him to your Excellency shoud there yet be a vacancy in
either of the new Eegiments. He is represented to me as a per-
son well qualified for the Duty of an Adjudant in which Char-
actier I believe woud incline to serve. I am with due Respect
your Excellency's Most Obed't Serv't,
Geo. Clinton.
To His Excellency General Washington.
[No. 450.]
To Weed Out Tories.
In Convention of the Representatives of the State of New York.
Kingston April 21st 1777.
RESOLVED that it; be & it hereby is recommended to all the
County & Sub-committees in this State to use their utmost en-
724 Public Papers of George Clinton.
deavours to apprehend, secure and otherwise, according to their
discretion to dispose, of all such personsi as they shall conceive
to be inimical or Dangerous to this State untill the further Order
of this Convention or future Legislature of this State allowing
the parties' to be hereby affected the Right of appeal from any
Sub Committee to the General Committee.
Extract from the minutes.
Robt. Benson Secry.
Cumberland.
[No. 451.]
THE STRATAGEMS OF WAR ARE VARIOUS.
Gen. McDoiigall Suspects that the Highlands are the Objective Point
of the British.
Head Qu'rs Peeks Kill 21st April 1777.
My dear Sir,
His Excellency, the General informed me in a late Letter^
that three deserters informed him, that four regiments about 900
were under orders, on Staten Island, to Embark on an Hour's
notice. From corresponding intelligence, they must have been
design'd by the solicitation of the Tories, to come up in search
of wagons and recruits. Perhaps the movement of Troops from
the Eastward to this Post (as they will be advised of it) may pre-
vent them. If that number come in two days, we shall have
our difficulties. However, I hope to prevent some of them re-
turning.
None of the York Militia has yet appeared. The County below
is much distressed.
A Company of the N. E. Militia now there, will leave them in
a few days, their time of service expires the first of May. I wish
I had one of N. York to replace them. The Enemy are geting;
Public Papers of George Clinton. 725
supplies of stock and recruits from the other side, from the neigh-
bourhood of our line, next Jersey; can no means be devised to
stop it; our Friend Mr. Thos. Smith is very uneasey about it.
If the Enemy should Land at Harverstraw, and here to endeavor
to pass the High lands, what strength have you to guard the
pass of the Clove. Altho appearances are for their goeing to
Phi'a, the strategems of warr are various, I should not be sur-
prised if they came up the river. The movement may easily and
expeditiously be made; we ought if posible, to be prepared for
such an Event. I am so worne out with Correspondence and
other business, that I can only add that I am Dear Sir
Your affectionate Hble. Serv't,
Alex'r McDougalL
Oeneral Geo. Clinton.
[No. 452.]
MILITIA RATHER INDIFFERENT.
In Spite of the Crisis and the Scarcity of Men, the Home Guard
BacJcward in Going to the Defences.
New Windsor 22d April 1777.
Dear Sir,
As my calling out a Part of the Militia of the Counties of
Ulster, Orange, Dutchess and West Chester pursuant to a late
Resolve of your Honorable House before I had received Direc-
tions for that Purpose from the Commander in Chief might be
considered unnecessary and the Expence of it left ultimately to
be paid by this State, I thought it my Duty to write to his Ex-
cellency General Washington acquainting him with the Numbers
I had ordered into actual Service from each County, where I in-
tended to station them & explaining the Reasons on which I
acted & I have this Day received an Answer from his Excellency
726 Public Papers of George Clinton.
in wMcli in substance, he informs me that he .had wrote to Genl.
McDougal on the 18th Instant to apply to the Convention of this
State to call out the Militia of it in order to have as respectable
a Force in this Quarter as possible to act according to Contingen-
cies; that the situation of Affairs is such that our greatest Exer-
tions are required to bring out the Militia in as great Numbers
and as expeditiously as possible; That tho from appearances he
is induced to believe the Enemy will oj)en the Campaign with
an Attempt against Philadelphia it is impossible to judge with
Certainty, as their Preparations indicating that to be their
Design, may be wholly an Artifice to divert our attention from the
Real Object they aim at & throw us off our Guard at the Place
where they mean to direct their Operations in Earnest, which
would tend to secure them success & produce many fatal Conse-
quences to us.
I mentioned to the General that tho' the numbers I had ordered
into actual Service appeared large I feared not more than one
half of them woud be got out if ever so much wanted; and I am
sorry to inform Convention that even worse than this is the
Case, for I do not believe that more than one ^Quarter of the
Number have yet marched notwithstanding my utmost Exertions
to draw them out.
This & Orange County have furnished a considerable Propor-
tion, yet many of the Companies have not a single Man pleading
for Excuse, their being on the Frontiers & others have made
their Drafts If I am rightly informed, very unfair, by which they
do not furnish near their proper Number.
Dutchess County was to have furnished 800 Men (& this is only
every fifth Man), to reinforce Fort Constitution & Independance
but not a Man has as yet arrived at either of those Posts for that
Public Papers of George Clinton. 727
County (a Proportion of Colo. Brinkerlioff's Eegt. only excepted)
nor can I learn that the Officers are even attempting to get them
out.
It is distressing indeed that Men at this Critical Period shoud
be so backward in their Duty & gives me the Utmost Pain to be
oblidged to say that the Fault must be with the Officers. I can
do no more than I already have; the Comma,nding Officer of each
Eegiment has the Proportion of Men which his Eegiment is to
furnish with the most positive Orders to draft & march them
without Delay to proceed against them for Disobedience of orders
by Court Martial will answer no good End. The Disorder is
too general to be cured in that Way & unless Convention can
device some better Means to compell them to do their Duty they
need put little dependence on the Militia.
The Force I have out is daily decreasing in this Way, to wit,
a poor Man whose Circumstances are such not to admit of his
leaving Home drafted to the first of August; he hires a Man at
an Extravagant Eate to go in his Eoom; as soon as the Hierling
receives his Money a Second Person who is also drafted by giving
him a further Sum, engages him for the standing Army & so he
gains an Exemption; it is plain that as often as this Happens
we loose the Service of two Men out of our ISTumber till the first
of August one of whom acquires a Total Exemption from Militia
Drafts. I cant think the Convention intended by their Eesolve
to give Exemptions on any Consideration to People already
drafted till the Term for which they were so drafted was expired.
By this Means v^e also suffer another Inconveniency; we have
Officers for the Compliment of Men we drafted; before we are
out a Week we loose our Men & of course we have supernumerary
Officers & must discharge them which cant always be done with-
out giving Offence.
728 Public Papers of Gteorgb Clinton.
Indeed at first I formed the Regiments to consist of 400 pri-
vates only with a Colo. Lent. Colo & Major; it was before I saw
the Eesolve of Continental Congress fixing a Regiment at 500
Men, but I am certain it will be best not to dismiss the Colonels,
even tho the State shoud bear the Extra Expence which will be
but triffling; however I wish to have the advice of the Conven-
tion & if it is their Pleasure the supernumerary Officers shall be
immediatly dismissed.
I am &c.
G-eo. C.
[To the Convention of the State of New York.]
[No. 453.]
General James Clinton Voices the General Sentiment — That the
Enemy's Objective is the Highlands.
Fort Montgomery April 22d 1777.
D'r Brother, , i
Inclosed I send you a Letter which I Received Last night from
Genl. McDougal ; I Rec'd one which I suppose is the same Pur-
pose. Capt. Miller & Bellknap is Both come here and the Court
Martial is ordered to sit to Day at 10 of the Clock but I suppose
they will have to adjourn soon for want of some Evidences which
are sent for.
I would be Glad you woud come Down as soon as Possible as
I want to go up, but yet I should not go home now if you v^ere
here, as I think it is not unlikely we may be attacked soon.
Coll. Pawling has been sick almost since you left us he thinks
it was the Pleurisy. I believe he is a getting better.
I am in haste yours
James Clinton, B. Genl.
To Genl. George Clinton.
Public Papers of George Clinton. 729
[No. 454.]
Gen. MoDougall Sounds the Alarm.
Fort Montgomery April 23d 1777.
ab't 6 of the Clock P. M.
D'r Brother,
The following is a Coppy of a Letter I just now Rec'd from
Peeks Kill:
Head Quarters Peeks Kill 23 April 1777.
D'r Sir,
I have this moment Received advice that there are twenty two
sail of Different sorts anchored Just Before Fort Washington;
these I suspect to be the Troops I mentioned to you a few Days
ago with additions; the Winds prevents their Comeing up at
present, but they may be Expected the first wind, Perhaps to
night if the Present varies. You will therefore Put your Post
in the Best Posture of Defence and get what assistance you can
from the well affected Militia. Please to send the Letter which
accompanies this to Coll. Willet by a Whale Boat.
I am D'r Sir Your Hum'le Ser't,
Alex'r McDougal.
To Gjenl. James or George Clinton who
Command at Fort Montgomery.
I am Yours Affectionately,
James Clinton, B. Genl.
[No. 455.]
Plans of the Enemy.
Fort Montgomery April 24th 1777.
A Little after 10 of the Clock.
D'r Brother,
Inclosed is a Letter from Genl. Washington Dated yesterday
Directed to you But as the Gentleman who Brought it said it was
for me I thought it might be Proper to open it. I have not heard
how far the Enemy's shipping have got up the River yet or
730 Public Papers op George Clinton.
whither they haved moved from Fort Washitigton since my Last
to yon of yesterday But by the Inclosed you will see that their
Intention is to come up the River whilst a party Passes through
the Jersey by Land. I am yours affectionately,
James Clinton, B. Genl.
P. S. Coll. Pawling is so unwell that I have advised him to
go home as he has an opportunity to Day. Perhaps you may
think it necessary to order Maj'r Logan dovv'u with the men at
the Chevo de Prize.
[To Gen. George Clinton]
General Washington Lays a Trap for a British General.
*Head Quarters,
Morristown, April 23d, 1777.
Dear Sir, — By a person sent into Brunswick, I am informed
that General Skinner's force, consists of about one thousand, to
be joined by some regular troops, and to proceed from Bergen
through Sussex, and the back part of the Jerseys, when the troops
march for Philadelphia.
I thinlc this movement so probable, as it will give them access
to a part of the country most notoriously disaffected, that I desire
you will post a body of militia of the State of New York on this
side of the North river, in such place as you shall think most safe
to prevent them from being surprised, and at the same time,
proper to intercept Skinner's corps, if they should attempt the
above mentioned route.
General Heard, with about two hundred Jersey militia,
marched this day to take post at Pumpton, and extend himself
towards Hackensack; Colo. Dey, will also, have some small par-
ties of his regiment in that quarter. If the enemy should move,
they by being Called upon, may afford some assistance.
*From the Journal of the Provincial Congress.
Public Papers op George Clinton. 731
I have communicated the above to General McDougall, and
also another piece of advice, that the enemy embarked a brigade
of about seven hundred men, the night of the twentieth, and that
it was imagined they intended to go up the North river.
To Geo. Clinton. (Geo. Washington.)
[No. 456.]
An Investigation Ordered into the Ddinquowij of the Dutchess
County Blilitia.
In Convention of the Representatives of the State of New York.
Kingston April 24th 1777.
WHEREAS it appears that a great Part of the militia of
Dutchess County have neglected to obey the orders of General
Clinton issued in consequence of a resolve of this House, for
calling out a part of the militia of the Counties of Ulster, Orange
and Dutchess to Garrison the forts and Guard the passes in the
Highlands.
Resolved that Major Lawrence and Mr. Zephania Piatt be &
they are hereby appointed a Committee to repair forthwith to
Dutjchess County to enquire into the reasons of such neglect,
that they use their utmost endeavours to convince the People of
the necessity of exerting themselves at this critical Juncture,
and that they make report to this Convention with all convenient
Dispatch in order that the most eifectual measures may be taken
to enduce a compliance with the aforesaid Resolve.
Resolved that General Clinton be & he hereby is empowered to
make such dispositions with respect to the officers of the militia
under his Command as he shall judge most advansive of the
Public Service and where any extra expence shall accrue in con-
sequence of this Resolve which cannot be considered as a Con-
tinental Charge this Convention will pay the same.
Extract from the Minutes. Robt. Renson, Socry.
732 Public Papers of George Clinton.
[No. 457.]
Gen. James Clinton Announces that Alarm Guns Will Be Fired on
the Approach of the Enemy.
Fort Montgomery April 24 1777.
D'r Brother,
We have nothing new since my Last, only I would Inform you
that upon the movement of the Enemy up the River two Alarm
Guns will be fired at Peeks Kill, one at Fort Independant (&) one
at this Fort, which is to be answered by two at Fort Constitu-
tion, So that the People at N. Windsor may Rest Contented till
they hear those Guns Fired, and if the Enemy Does Come up
we hope to Prevent their all finding the way Back again.
I am yours James Clinton.
To Genl. George Clinton or in his absence it may be opened by
Mrs. Clinton.
[No. 458.]
General Clinton Not Only Orders Tmt Entreads Col. Woodhull to
Bring Out His Forces in This Emergency.
[Apr. 25, 1777.]
Dear Sir,
I am surprized to find by the Report of Major Moffat that but
about 250 of the Militia of your County have as yet arived at
the Post assigned them, which is not one half of their Quota, the
third (from every Return made me) being 500 Privates. The
inclosed Copies of Letters which I have lately received from his
Excellency Genl. Washington & Genl. McDougal, will best in-
form you of the Designs of the Enemy, & from the Purport of
them you are left to judge of the absolute necessity of your
County instantly compleating & marching its full Proportion of
Men to the Post near Sydman's Bridge agreable to former Orders
being the Number last above mentioned.
Public Papers of George Clinton. 733
I must, therefore, not only order but intreat that you immedi-
atly on Receipt hereof, meet with the other Commanding Ofiicers
of Regiments of your County & exert yourselves by every Means
in your Power, to compleat & march your Quota of Men as above;
& as not only from the Letters of which the inclosed are Copies
but from many other coroborating Pieces of Evidence, T have
the utmost reason to believe that the Intention of the Enemy
is to march a Party into Sussex & perhaps your County to suport
& be joined by the Disafected. It is my Duty to order the Militia
of your County to hold themselves in perfect Readiness that we
may not be surprized but able to march to oppose our Enemy on
a Moment's Warning.
There may perhaps be some other Passes towards Sussex or
in the Warrick Mountains where it woud be best to Post small
Guards. If so I shall readilly consent to it or any other Matters
which shall conduce to the Safety of the County. I am your
most Obed't Serv't,
Geo. Clinton, B. Genl.
To Colo. Woodhull.
[No. 459.]
A Slight Rebuke Administered to Col. Hashrouck.
New Windsor 25th April 1777.
Sir,
I received Accounts two Days ago that a Number of Troops
were embarked from Staten Island on Board of Vessels that they
were under orders to hold themselves in readiness to sail at a
moment's Warning, and their Destination was up this River.
Last Night I received Accounts by Express that twenty two
sail had got up the River as far as Fort Washington, and 'tis
supposed they are only waiting for a fair Wind to proceed up the
River. Under these Circumstances I am extremely sorry to in-
734 Public Papers of George Clinton.
form you that not one lialf of the Quota of your Regiment have
yet marched to the Post assigned them, and if I am rightly in-
formed little Pains have been taken to compel them to it. Cap-
tains Graham and Eobbison I understand have draughted only
every fourth Man.
This Conduct of your Regiment and the absolute Necessity
there is for a Reinforcement at the Forts in the Highlands,
obliges me to call upon you to march a number, equal to the one
Third of your Regiment to Fort Montgomery v^ithout Delay, and
to put the Residue of your Regt. under marching orders to line
the Shores, & further reinforce the Garrisons upon the Signal
being fired at Fort Constitution.
I am your most obed't Serv't,
[To Col. Hasbrouck] ( G. C.)
[No. 460.]
PATRIOTISM AT A LOW EBB.
Difficulty in Securing the Militia to Reinforce the Defences in the
Highlands.
Orange Town April ye 26th 1777.
Sir,
In Obedience to your Orders of the 31st of March Last I have
Issued Orders to the Captains under my Command to furnish
their respective Quotas of men to go into Actual- service, But
they either v^ill not or dare not perform their duty; they have
several times called their Companies out, but many of the men
will not do so much as to bring their fire Arms with them when
called out. Indeed matters are come to such a. height that they
who are Friends to the American Cause, must (for their own
safety) be Cautious how they speak in publick, for I make no
doubt but we have often Spies amongst us; besides the New
Public Papers of George Clinton. 735
Levies, as they are called, are frequently in Our Neighbourliood
and toO' many of the Inhabitants befriend them.
If Accounts we have received from different Quarters may be
depended on, there is no doubt that some of those who have
been Active in favour of our Cause, will soon (if an opportunity
offers) be carried down to New York.
The Communication between this place and New York is en-
tirely open to the Tories and they, I am afraid, make to much use
of it for our good, and whether they don't bring out Quantityes
of Counterfeit Bills of Credit, time perhaps will discover.
One of the Officers under my Command lately sent me his
Commission saying that he declined to serve any longer as an
Officer. I have sent the same back to him. Should be Glad to
know from you whether such Resignations will answer or
whether they must resign tO' Convention. I am Sir Your
Humble Serv't,
Johannes Jos. Blauveldt.
To B. General George Clinton.
[No. 461.]
PREPAEING FOR THE ENEMY.
General Clinton Reports to the Convention the Movements of the
British, the Delinquency of the Militia and His Dispositions for
Defence.
Fort Montgomery 26th April 1777.
Dear Sir,
The inclosed Copies of Letters from his Excellency Genl.
Washington* & Genl. McDougal will inform you of the Designs
* "I wrote you on the 23d instant, communicating intelligence lately received respecting
the enemy's designs up the No. River. A letter from General McDougall, this moment
received, places their Intentions beyond the power of misconception. Several Trans-
ports have anchored at Dobb's Ferry, and in my opinion they intend to divert our at-
tention (if possible) from their Movements towards the Delaware.' At any rate they
may attempt to make some incursions into the country back of this place, and, if they
can, seize the passes through the mountains, thereby aiming to cut off the Communi-
cation between the army here and the No. River. To frustrate such a design effectually
736 Public Papers op George Clinton.
& Movements of the Enemy in this Quarter ,up to their respective
Dates & the inclosed Eeturn gives you the Strenghth of this
Garrison. Last Night by Express fromi Genl. McDougal at
Peek's Kill, I was informed that the Enemy's Fleet consisting
of twelve square Kigg'd Vessels & a number of others had got up
the Eiver as far as Dobb's Ferry so that we may reasonably
expect them' here this Afternoon if the present Light Southerly
Breeze Continues.
This Post considering it's defenceless State on the Land Side
is really Weak, but the Intelligence cont'd in Genl. Washington's
Letter is such that I think it woud rather be imprudent to call
in the Back Militia especially from Orange County. I have,
therefore, only ordered in a small Part of Colo. McClaghry's
Regiment to reinforce this Garrison & put the whole of Orange
& the South Part of Ulster under marching orders on a Moment's
warning that they may be ready to meet the Enemy in that
Quarter where they may be most wanted.
By the best Accounts I have been able to get, very few of the
Dutchess Militia have yet arrived at the other two Forts in the
Highlands & most of those that have are without Arms as are
also many of those at this Post. By the last Accounts (for I
have had no regular Return) Orange County had but 270 Men
of their Quota at the Post near Sydman's Bridge, the place to
which they were destined. I have sent positive orders to com-
pleat their Compliment which is about 500 & for the officer com-
manding them to Cooperate with Genl. Heard as occasion may
require.
The Artificers & others employed at the Works near New
I must repeat my desire, that you would post as good a body of troops in the moun-
tains west of the river, as you can collect and spare from the garrison. This will serve
not only to retain our possession of the passes, but will awe the disaffected, and protect
our friends." Washington to Brigadier-Ocneral Ocorge Clinton, 26 April, 1777.
State Historian.
Public Papers of George Clinton. 737
Windsor are imbodied & under the Command of Major Logan
& I have ordered over two Pieces on Travelling Carriages from
Fishkill, to enable them to defend those Works in Case any of
the Enemy's Vessels shoud chance to pass this, which I woud
fain hope however we will not suffer.
If there Numbers shoud not much exceed the Accounts con-
tained in the inclosed I dont fear but we shall give a good Ac-
count of them.
I am your Most Obed't Serv't,
Geo. Clinton.
To the Honorable the Presid't of the
Convention of the State of N. York.
[No. 462.]
Instructions to Col. Hathorn.
Fort Montgomery 26th Apl. 1777.
Dear Sir,
From The inclosed being a Copy or extract of a Letter from
his Excellency Genl. Washington,^ which I just now received
you will best Learn the Designs of the Enemy; at the same Time
it will shew you the absolute necessity of having your Regiment,
being the one third of the Militia of your County, compleat at the
Posts assigned them and of your being vigillent in watching the
Motions of the Enemy.
You'l also observe the Numbers & Posts of the Militia under
Genl. Heard & Colo. Dye as mentioned in the Letter & that you
are to cooperate with them as Occasion may require. For which
Reason you will acquaint them where you are Posted & your
Strenghth. I have wrote to the Commanding Officers of the
Regiments in your County to furnish their Quota of Men for
your Command; they ought, from every Return made me, to con-
sist of 500 Privates & less will not suffice.
47
738 Public Papers of George Clinton.
I have given orders to the Militia at large to hold themselves
in Readiness to march on a Moment's warning to meet the
Enemy. I am your Most Obed't Serv't,
Geo. Clinton, B. Gen.
You'l make Weekly Returns to me on every Thursday which
you can send by one of your Light Horse.
To Colo. Heathorne.
[No. 463]
Quartermaster Taylor Reports Having Captured a Suspect.
New Burgh 26th April 1777.
D'r Genl.
Haveing some busness at this place, was on the Dock when
Mr. Boyd arrived, who delivered me a Packet for the Honorable
Perrie Van Cortlandt which I forwarded with Samuel Falls Im-
mediately, I herewith send you a certain Silas Gardner who
made his appearanc at this place publickly, and being repre-
sented to me as a very bad Man, think it proper to send him to
you notwithstanding he produced a certificate of his haveing
taken the oath of alleigance to the State. My reasons for this
conduct is, I think the Commissioners had no right to administer
such oath to Persons in his situation, unless they mean to coun-
teract the late Resolve of the Honorable Convelition of this
State. I am informed (and indeed the Prisoner confess'd it in
the presence of sundry reputable wittnesses) that he, Mr. Gardnei',
some considerable time ago went off to the Enemey; about three
weeks ago he returned, to his place of residence, staid there
some time, then went off, and was returning to the Enemey, but
was stop't by our Gaurds at or near Hackensack Bridge, from
thence was conveyed to Goshen, from thence to Poughkeeps'e,
where the aforesaid oath was administered to h'm. Dear (ilen-
Public Papers of George Clinton. 739
eral, if I am mistaken in this matter, believe me I am actuated
by no other principle than the wellfare of my Country.
I am Sir your most obed't Hum'e serv't,
And'w Taylor, Asst. Q.
(On outside)
D'r Sir, while this Letter was signing the Prisoner attempted
to make his escape.
A. T. Asst. Q. G.
Pray sir call on me for proof ag't the Prisoner.
For The Honorable George Clinton, Brig'dr Gen, Fort Mont-
gomery.
[No. 464.]
1777 (?) — Mrs. Montgomery Requests General Clinton
far an Order Relative to Articles that were Seized at PeeksJcill —
George CUnton's Answer.
Mrs. Montgomery presents her Compliments to Gov'r Clinton
and will take it as a favor if he will give her servant some kind
of order, to receive her's and her sisters parcel, that came with
Mr. Hakes things which was seized at Peekskills.
Rine^beek Monday night.
(Note on MSS. The stores &c. at Peekskill were seized or destroyed by the British, Slst
March, 1777.)
Madam,
I have received your Letter inclosing one to Colo. Burr which
shall be forwarded by the first Opportunity. A few Days ago I
was informed some Medicines and other Articles were landed at
Peek's Kill from on Board of a Vessel from New York, said to be
a Flag seized by Justice Ferris of that Place of which however
I have not as yet received any Regular Return. It is not to be
presumed that these are Mr. Hakes as his Good were sent back
by the Flagg which brought them up. Mr. Ferris is directed to
transmit an Inventory of the Goods he has saved to me & if your
740 Public Papers of George Clinton.
Bundle is among them will see that you have Notice of it but as
the same is not made by me I cannot give any order respect-
ing any of the articles. I am, Madam, with great Resp3ct,
Your Most Obed't Serv't.
[G. C]
[To Mrs. Montgomery]
[No. 465.]
TORIES KIDNAPPING PATRIOTS.
Colonel Cooper Reports to General Clinton that His Force is
Inadequate.
Sir,
Inclosed you have a return of the men under my command, by
which you will observe that I have but 259 including Sergeants &
Corporals, and some of these without arms. Of this 259, 96 are
posted at Niack under Capt'ns Underdunk, Bartolf and Gardiner
so that I have here but 163. This is so short of the force you in-
tended and so inadiquate to defend the pass against the force
mentioned by the Genl. that I humbly suggest an immediate aug-
mentation, more specially as Coll. Dey will be most likely to join
Genl. Herd with the small force he will be able to collect, which
I am told will chiefly consist of the inhabitants near Pompton.
you are acquainted with the situation of the two posts & know
how difficult it will be to cooperate on a sudden attack, which
may cut off the communication.
I will write Cenl. Herd an account of my force & orders, and
you may depend I will do every thing in my power vvith the men
I have.
Mr. Fell was taken and carried from his house last Wednesday
night by a small party, supposed to be aided by his tory neigh-
bours. And a party of the new levies under Coll. Barton^ Leut't
Coll. Drummond & Major Timpany, said to consist of about two
Public Papers op George Clinton. 741
hundred, a little after sun rise this morning, surprised took & car-
ried off Capt. W't Van Zandt and three others from Garrit
Hopper's neighbourhood they also took twelve guns, five or six
horses,, a waggon, and a chest & Cask of goods from Hopper's
the goods said to belong to P. Curtenus. They attempted several
other of the neighbours, who either run off, or concealed them-
selves & escaped. This attempt and the late taking off, of some
persons near the new bridge, who were supposed friendly, in some
measure confirms the Genl's inteligence.
Capts. Watkins and Sandford are now recruiting heie; if you
will order them to rendevouze their recruts at this post and fur-
nish them with arms, they will be a reinforcement of near sixty
men, 'till a further arrives.
I am informed that there are some arms still left in the hands
of the Tories in this and Bergen County; if you think proper Sc
Genl. Herd concurs I will send Parties to collect inventory, &
appraize, such as can be found & make returns to the respective
states.
The militia of Tappan have not yet furnished any of their
Quota either of officers or men. I would be glad of your direc-
tions what to do with them. I am Sir
Your very humble Servant,
Sidnam's Clove April 26th 1777. Gilb't Cooper, Lt. Colo'l.
I submit it whether it would not be necessarj^ I should have
a field piece or two at this place.
[To Gov. Clinton.]
[No. 466.]
General MoDougall Intimates Fort Montgomery Will Be Bombarded.
Head Quarters Peeks Kill 27th Ap'l 1777.
D'r General,
An imperfect account has been handed to me that one Piemark
who left this has encouraged the Enemy in a Project to carry
742 Public Papers of George Clinton.
a Bomb into a Creek to the Northward of the Dunderbergh to
bombard Fort Montgomery. You are the best Judge whether
this is practicable or not. If it is pray advise me of it without
Delay.
Twelve ships and some Tenders are still at Dobbs Ferry. I
suppose the wind has prevented their moving up on the Night
of the 25"; about 2000 of the Enemy embarked at Camps near
Fairfield and yesterday marched to Danbury where they arrived
at 4 P. M. without any Opposition but the Taking up of one
Bridge. This Intelligence I had at 7 this Morning in a Letter
from Colo. Huntington who commanded in that Town with only
50 Continental Troops and 100 militia.
From the stream of his Letter the Enemy had possession of
the most of our stores. I have sent out five Express Riders this
Morning but none of them have returned with later Intelligence.
Where the Enemy will shape their Coui'se next is very improb-
able. If you send a Boat over this Evening I will communicate
to you the news of the Hour.
I am Sir your humble ser't,
Alex'r McDougall.
(To General George Clinton).
[No. '467.]
Gossip from Thomas Smith.
D'r Sir,
I expected to have had the Pleasure of seeing you at Haver-
straw before this time, but the Business necessarily attending
the Formation of your new army I suppose has prevented you.
Yesterday two of the Light Horse were sent down to know
the situation of the Enimy, they went as low at Lawrence's
near Corbits Point, and Returned in the Evening, with an account
that twelve Topsail Vessels and four Tenders were opposite
Philips's, but whether they had Troops on Board or what num-
Public Papers op G-eorge Clinton. 743
ber of men of war there were, they Could not tell; this Day we
were Informed that there was but one ship of Force among them.
If this is true it is not the Design of the Enimy to attempt to
pass the Forts, and I am inclined to think they will not attempt
Peeks Kill with the Troops they have, as I take it for Granted
they must know from the Tories in that Quarter, that General
M'Dougal has now a sufficient Force to receive them.
I, therefore, think it is the Intention of the Enimy to Cut off
the Communication by the way of King Ferry and Ravage the .
Country below the mountains, which in its Present state may
be done with great Ease, and as we have many suspicious People
among us, I fear many will join them if they should land below
the mountains. Between Make and Kings Ferry we have not
a single Guard upon the Eiver; last week three Deserters left
N. York and were never Challanged till they got to Col. Hays.
The People from Tappan and Clarks Town have applied to Gen-
eral M'Dougal for Troops to protect them from the Enimy in the
English nighbourhood and Hackensack, but have received for
answer that he could give them no assistance; this I fear will
Induce many of them to make the best Terms they Can to
protect their Persons and Property. It is a maxim founded in
wisdom and Justice, that the state that Exacts allegiance must
give Protection, and when the Latter is withheld, the Former
cannot be Exacted.
By a Person from Pompton we are Informed that General
Washington has discharged the Jersey militia, being now able
to man his lines with the Continental Troops and that General
Heard is now at Pompton with seven hundred men, That the
Enimy are Embarking at Amboy and New York, that great Part
of the Baggage was removed from Brunswick and that yesterday
744 Public Papers of George Clinton.
there was a great fireing near Brunswick tlie Issue not known.
A Deserter from Bergen Eeports that tbey had Eeceived orders
to Embark but to what Place they were Destained was not
known, that he left his Regt. fearing the' Troops were going to
England, that it was Generally said that France had Declared
war, the like Eeport prevails at Morris Town. I could have
wished, that some of the Light Horse had been Continued as we
have no person here to Carry an Express or obtain Intelligence.
As the Country below the mountains is entirely Defenceless I
think it Prudent to Eemove my Famil}- to Ringwood and shall
be much obliged to jou for a Permit to pass the lines in the
Highlands with my wife, Children and Effects, as the next south-
erly wind may bring up the Enemy the sooner I have it the Bet-
er. My Best Eespects to your Brother and all Friends.
I am your affectionate humble serv't,
Thos. Smith.
27th April 1777, Haverstraw.
General George Clinton.
[No. 468.]
Orders to Cols. Pawling cmd Snifder to March to Fo?'t Montgoinery.
Fort Montgomery General Orders 27th Ap'l 1777.
It is Essential to the safety of this Post that Colo. Pawling &
Colo. Snyder's Eegiments be immediatly compleated to their full
Compliment of Men, which being the Case will supercede the
necessity of calling out any further Part of the Militia in this
Buisy Season of the Year. It is, therefore, ordered in the most
express and positive Terms that the Colonels or Commanding
Officers of the Militia Regiments, do forthwith furnish their re-
spective Quotas of Men as fixed by the Order for raising & march-
ing the above two Eegiments to this Post And that they also
Public Papers op George Clinton. 745
return muster Eolls of their said Regiments to the Genl. agre-
able to said order to prevent Fraud or Collusion, which if de-
tected will be most severely punished; that they take proper
Measures for punishing every Officer Commanding a Company
who shall neglect or refuse to furnish the Quota of Men for this
Service assigned to their Respective Companies &c to compell
those who are drafted to join the Regiment or Companies for
which they are so drafted; And as many of the men belonging
to said Regiments now at this Post being principally Persons
hired by others who were drafted, are without Arms & other-
wise unprovided. It is ordered that the persons who were so
drafted do immediatly provide & deliver proper Arms & Ac-
coutrements to those who they have so hired or in failure
thereof they immediatly brought to this Post to perform their
own duty.
(G.C.)
[To Cols. Pawling and Snyder.]
[No. 469.]
ROBERT BOYD, JR., DENOUNCES THE TORY GARDNER.
He Charges that the Tories Have not been Treated icith Enough
Decision and Vigor — Our Sentinels and Yidettes Negligent.
New Windsor 27th April 1777.
D'r Sir,
About 4 O'clock in the afternoon I landed on New Burgh
Dock where I met Major Taj'lor and delivered him the Packet
for Coll. V. Cortlandt which was Immediately forwarded by
Express to Kingston.
I visited your family half an hour after my return home, de-
livered Mrs. Clinton her Letter, found them all in good Health
and midling good spirits &c. While I was at New Burgh I met
746 Public Papers of George Clinton.
with Silas Gardner, who I had been informed was gone off to the
Enemey; I confess I was somewhat surprised to see him. I began
to examine him and he freely confessed that he had been into
New York, Long Island &c.; on hearing his confession and the
way he was apprehended. Major Taylor and self were both of
opinion he ought to be confined, although he produced a certifi-
cate from the Commissioners, of his haveing taken the oath of
Alleigance to the states. I cannot conceive how those Gentle-
men could take it upon them to administer the oath to persons
in Gardner's situation, even had there not been a plain
Resolve of Convention to direct their conduct. Gardner con-
fess's that he was with the Enemey came out from them, again,
& again, that he was taken goeing into them the third Time,
now by his own confession his design was to go to the Enemey
if he had not been stoped, is it then not to be counted a Maracle
that the Man's Heart is so suddenly changed, that he can with-
out hesitation take a solomn oath to do the thing, that he hath
been trying to undo these twelve Months past. I am informed
that he was liberated the very next Day after he went to
Poughkeepsie with a Number of others; think if Mr. Gardner
made as free a Confession in presence of the Commissioners as
he did to me, the least they could have done was, prior
to a tender of the oath to him to have inquir'd concerning his
Moral character of some person or persons of reputation from
the Neighbourhood where he lived. You will find by strick ex-
amination that his story hangs badly together; he will tell you
that he hath been the principle part of the time he was gone on
Long Island, altho he has been twice Home and returning the
third, you will also learn from him that he had such connections
and Intimacey with Sir John Johnson that he rec'd from him
Public Papers of George Clinton, 747
thirty Dollars and a Ring in order to convey Mrs. Johnson to
New York, I can only hint things beliveing him to be an in-
vetrate Enemey, and that he belives such oaths not obligatory
for performing any promise made therein,
I am informed that a number of Tories is gone off arm'd from
the North side of the Mountains, that near the Paltz they fired
on one of our Guards wounded him in the arm, and carried off
two others, I belive there is a chain of connection and informa-
tion subsists between those. Devils in Humane shape throughout
this State at least if not through the whole Continent, I am of
opinion that hitherto they have been trifled with; can nothing
effectual be done? is there no necessity for a Solemn League &
Covanant again? I think there is for the preservation of our
civil & Natureal Rights,
Yesterday evening hearing the Feild pieces were on the hill
above Whites, Major Taylor and I went up to see if there was a
guard fix't over them; we found them without any, although it
was then Dark; we informed Major Logan of it who had ordered
some of Belknap's Rangers for that Duty; they deceived him, and
he and I found them sitting contented in Mr. Holliday's. I men-
tion this circumstance that you may give strict orders concern-
ing that artillery as we are now confident that Tories abound
among us; we have need of great precaution and watchfulness.
I am D'r Sir, in haste but with esteem your most obed't
Hum'e Serv't,
Robt. Boyd Jun.
To Brig'r, Gen, George Clinton, Esq, at Fort Montgomery.
748 Public Papers of George Clinton.
[No. 470.]
John W. WatJcins Reports His Recruiting Prospects to Gen. Clinton.
Sidmans, April 27 1777.
D'r Sir, :
Coll. Cooper's Express affords me an Opportunity of inform-
ing you of my Success in Recruiting, which tho very discourag-
ing, still from a Resolve of Con'l Congress simmilar to that of the
Convention, I have the Prospect of better Success for the future.
My Recruits do not exceed 14, exclusive of what Mr. Gaasbeek
may have, whom I have not heard from since his Appointment.
The Enemy have made some incursions into the Country bolow,
& taken of some of the inhabitants, they have left the practice
of Plundering.
This I look upon to be a proper Place for Recruiting & muster-
ing them, as their are man}' Men to be had about here, upon
whom Soldiers have more Influence than an Officer can have.
As soon I have a Subaltern's Command I shall march them to
his Excellency, which I hope to accomplish in a few Days.
Must now bid you adieu And remain Sir,
With Esteem, Your humble Servant,
John W. Watkins.
To General George Clinton, att Fort Montgomery.
[No. 471.]
Short Supply of Rations for Carpenters.
Honour'd S'r,
The Great Scarcisty of Provitions make it Highly necessary
to Deal out to the Carphendor But one Ration Pr Day, as I
Verely Fear we shall be much Put to it to Get Provition since
we have met with such a Loss at Danbury. Pray S'r, Use your
Public Papers of George Clinton. 749
Influence to Perswade them to take it and not Insist on any more
if you should think it Proper I will Pay them for the Half
Ration.
I am S'r your devoted Hm'e S't,
Apl. 28th 1777. Solo' Waterbury D Com's.
To the Honorable Brig. Genl. George Clinton, at New Windsor.
[No. 472.]
FOR TREASON AGAINST THE STATE.
Isfine Men Sentenced to Death aftei' a Trial hy Court Blartial.
At a General Court Martial held at Fort Montgomery Wedns-
day April 30th 1777, agreable to the Orders of his Honor, Briga-
dier General George Clinton dated the said SOtli Day of April,
for the Trial of all such Persons as should come before them
charged with levying War against the State of New York within
the same, Adhering to the King of Great Britain, Enlisting
Soldiers or being Enlisted as Soldiers in the Service of the King
of Great Britain and owing Allegiance or deriving Protection
from the Laws of the said State of New York:
P-resent — Colo. Du Bois President.
Members.
Capt. Rosekrans Capt. Concklin
Capt. Stewart Capt. Milligan
Capt. Lee Capt. Vancura
Capt. Bevier Capt. McBride
Capt. Godwin Capt. De Witt
Capt. Nicoll Capt. Schoonmaker
Capt. Telford Lieut. Post
Capt. Hardenbergh Lieut. Hunter
Capt. Hasbrouck
Capt. Lush as Judge Advocate.
750 Public Papers of George Clinton.
The President Members and Judge Advocate being sworn,
Jack a Negro Man Slave, the Property of Guysbert Rose, was
brought before the Court and charged; 1st with levying War
against the State of New York within the same; 2dly With being
an Enlisted Soldier in the Service of the King of Great Britain.
To both charges he plead not guilty.
William McGinnis was brought before the Court and charged;
1st with levying War against the State of New York within the
same; 2d with being adherent to the King of Great Britain; 3dly
with being an Enlisted Soldier in the Service of the King of Great
Britain when owing Allegiance to the State of New York.
To all the Charges he pleads not Guilty & further Ignorance
of the Laws & Resolutions by which he is to be tried.
John Van Vliet was brought before the Court & charged : 1st
with levying War against the State of New York within the same;
2dly with being adherent to the King of Great Britain; 3dly with
being enlisted as a Soldier in the Service of the King of Great
Britain whilst owing Allegiance to the State of New York.
To the 2d & 3d Charges he pleads generally not Guilty but
confessed : That on Schonemuck (Shawangunk) Mountain he fired
at a Man on Horseback who first fired at him; that he thought
the Man he fired at & others with him were coming to take him ;
That he was going oi¥ with Rose to New York. That when he
fired he thought the person he fired at was a Subject of the
United American States.
Cornelius Furler was brought before the Court, and Charged,
first with Levying war against the State of New York within
the same; 2dly with being adherent to the King of Great Britain;
3dly with being an enlisted Soldier in the Service of the King of
Great Britain whilst owing Allegiance to the State of New York.
Public Papers of Gtborge Clinton, 751
to the 1st & 2d Charge he Confess'd that a man was Fired at
and wounded, by the Party whilst he was with them but does
not know who fired, That he (the Prisoner) had a Gun with him,
Loaded, but did not discharge it, that he was going to New York,
but did not intend to Fight against the Americans, that he had
Powder & Ball with him. to the 3rd Charge he pleads not
Guilty.
William Teets was brought before the Court & Carg'd 1st
with Levying war against the State of New York, within the
same; 2dly with being adherent to the King of Great Britain;
3dly with being an enlisted Soldier in the Service of the King
of Great Britain whilst owing allegiance to the State of New
York, to all the Charges he pleads Generaly, not Guilty, but
Confesses : that he was drafted to Serve at the Forts in the High-
lands & was going to New York; then he went out to get a man
in his place but being afterwards persuaded by Rose he went off
with him, with an intention to go to New York. That Jacobus
Rose had his (the Prisoner's) Gun & Loaded it & that he was
one of the party that wounded Lieut. Terwilliger on Friday last;
and further pleads ignorance of the Laws & Resolutions under
which he was tried.
Coenradt Mysner was brought before the Court and Charged,
1st with Levying war against the State of New York within the
same; 2dly with being adherent to the King of Great Britain;
Srdl}'^ with enlisting himself as a Soldier in the Sevice of the
King of Great Britain whilst Owing Allegiance to the State of
New York.
To all the Charges he pleads generaly, not Guilty, but Con-
fesses, that he had a Gun with him which was loaded with Ball
and Powder, but not Primed, but he had more Powder with him.
752 Public Papers of George Clinton.
That he was with the Party, one of whom wounded Lieut. Ter-
williger and that he was going to New Yorlv with Kose; and
Further Pleads Ignorance of the Laws and Kesolutions by which
he was Tried.
Andrew Keyser v/as brought before the Court & Charge:?, first
with Levying war 'gainst the State of New York within the
same; 2ndly with being Adherent to the King of Great Britain;
BIy with being enlisted as a Soldier in the Service of the said
King of Great Britain whilst owing Allegiance to the State of
New York.
To all the Charges he Pleads generaly, not Guilty, but Con-
fesses That he' was one of the Party who wounded Lieut. Ter-
williger, that his (the Prisoner's) Gun was loaded with Powder
& Ball but ho had no more Ammunition with him, that he
went off with Eose by Persuation, and Further Pleads ignorance
of the laws and Resolutions by which he was Tried.
John Rapalje was brought before the Court and Charged, 1st
with Levying war against the State of New York within the
same; 21^^ with being Adherent to the King of great Britain;
81y with being enlisted as a Soldier in the Service of the King of
great Britain whilst owing Allegiance to the State of New York,
to all the Charges he Pleads generaly, not Guilty, but Conf.S5€S.
That he was one of the Party, one of v^^hom Fired at and wounded
Lieut. Terwilliger, that he had a Gun Loaded with Powder and
Ball and had no other ammunition with him, that he was draf.ed
to serve as a Soldier in the Forts in the Highlands but was pre-
vented from going by sickness, that before he went off with Rose,
Rose came to him and asked him if he would go with him and
see his (the Prisoner's) Brother, that he Consented to go with
Rose, but did not know his Brother was with the Regulars, that
Public Papers of Geoege Clinton. 753
after he had Proceeded part of the way, Rose informed him that
his Brother was on Long Island, upon which he (the Prisoner)
Refused to Proceed any Farther, but Rose told him if he did not
go with him he would shoot him, that the Reason why he (the
Prisoner) Took his Gun with him, was, that after he had seen his
Brother, he intended to join our Forces at the Forts in the High-
lands.
Silvester Vandemark was brought before the court and
Charged, 1st with Levying war against the State of New York
within the same; 2nd vv^ith being adherent to the King of Great
Britain; 3rly with enlisting as a Soldier in the Service of the said
King of Great Britain, to all the Charges he pleads Generaly, not
Guilty, But confesses: that he was one of the Party who
wounded Lieut. Terwilliger but was not on the same Side of the
Creek when the Lieut, was wounded; That he the Prisoner had a
Gun loaded with Powder and Ball ; That he had a Ball or two and
some Powder more; That he and Van Vliet lay together; That
some Men on Horses at Schonemuck fired at him, upon which he
run and the Men on Horses fired again at him and he and Van
Vli*et turned and fired at those Men; That he, (the Prisoner),
loaded his Gun again; That he was going to Long Island with
Rose but did not know it till after he had been out some Time
and then he wanted to^ Return but Rose would not permit him.
The Court having sat till 3 o'Clock in the Afternoon and the
Guard House being crouded with Prisoners, and the Court re-
solving that an immediate Example was necessary and Requisite
to deter our Intestine Enemies from continuing their Treason-
able Practices against the State, And it being also probable that
this Post would soon be beseiged by the Enemy the Court ad-
journed to 5 o'clock this Afternoon.
48
754 Public Papers op George Clinton.
Wednsday Afternoon 5 o'Clock.
The Court met agreable to Adjournment.
Jacobus Bose was brought before the Court and charged, 1st
with Levying War against the state of New York within the
same; 2dly With adhering to the King of Great Britain; 3dly
with enlisting men in the service of the s'd King; 4thly with being
inlisted in the Service of the said King of Great Britain whilst
owing Allegiance to the State of New York.
To the 1st 2d & 4th Charges he pleads Guilty & to the 3d Not
Guilty & confesses : That one Daniel McGuin, a Captain in Colo.
Fanning's Begiment, told him that every Man who engaged in
the King's Service should have 100 Acres of Land and each of
his Children 50 and should receive 5 Dollars Bounty and Pay
from the Time of his Inlistment to the Time of his Discharge
and a Suit of Cloaths.
That McGwin told him he had enlisting Orders and desired
him to go with him to New York & the Prisoner went accord-
ingly with him, That he was a Soldier in the Begiment in which
McGwin had a Company and of which Coll. Fanning was
Colonel, that he went with McGwin to New York and from
thence to Jamaica, that he drew in New York for one Day two
Pounds of Bread one pound of Pork Teas, Butter and Bice; That
he received a Half Johannes from Capt. Depeyster to recruit
with, that he was to have 3 Dollars for each man he brought
with him and who should enlist; That John Van Vliet, Cornelius
Furler, Silvester Vandermark, Andries Keyser, John Eapalje and
Coenradt Mysener promis'd to enlist with him when they came
to New York. That he was with his Party when Lieut. Ter-
williger was wounded but on the other Side of the Creek that
he took away a Gun from one of our Centinels at the Wallkill
Public Papers op George Clinton, 755
{one Freer) and then sent him away, That he told the men he
engaged to enlist, that Coll. Fanning had told him that they
had only their own Government to clear. That Governor Tryon
was to be their General. That he gave Orders to his men to load
their Guns and defend themselves if necessary. That the second
Time he went to New York he carried 17 men with him 5 or 6 of
which enlisted with Coll. Fanning. That he had 33 or 34 with
him at this Time. That he left New York about 20 Days ago.
Jacob Middagh was brought before the Court and charged;
1st with Levying War against the State of New York within the
Same; 2ndly with adhering to the King of Great Brittain; 3dly
with enlisting men in the Service of the King of Great Britain;
4thly with being enlisted in the service of the said King whilst
owing Allegiance to the State of New York.
To the 1st 2nd and 4th Charges he pleads Guilty; to the 3rd
not Guilty, but confesses: that Jacobus Eose, Guysbert Eose,
John Ernest and James Van Wagenen asked him if he would not
go with them to New York to the Eegulars as he was a poor
man it would be a great Deal in his way; that he understood he
was to enlist only if he was willing to do it and found a good
Chance; That he did enlist but did not get his Cloaths, that he
was offered a Shirt and Trowsers but would not take them,
•choosing to have all his Cloaths together, that he was inlisted
in Capt. McGwin's Company, in Coll. Fanning's Eegt. That
he could get no work and was obliged to enlist or starve. That
he went to New York with Eose in his first Party. That he had
a Promise of 5 Dollars Bounty and a Dollar to drink the King's
Health and a Suit of Cloaths but never received either. That
an Officer (the Day before he, the Prisoner was enlisted) gave
'Capt. McGwin a Piece of Gold and desired him to treat his men
756 Public Papers of George Clinton.
with it, That his Eegimentals were to be red with Blue and they
were enlisted till the Government of New York was conquered
which they thought would be about Harvest. That when he en-
listed he took an Oath to be true to King George.
Jacobus Longyore was brought before the Court & charged;
1st with Levying War against the State of New York within the
same; 2nd with adhering to the King of Great Britain; 3rd with
being enlisted in the Service of the said King, whilst owing
Allegiance to the State of New York.
To all which Charges he plead generally not guilty but con-
fessed: That by Rose's Purswasion he went with him with an
Intention of going to New York, and if he enlisted he was to have
100 Acres of Land for himself and 50 for his Child. That Rose
informed him he should be Home again in a month's Time, for
that the Country wou'd then be overrun, that he was to be in
Colo. Fanning's Regiment. That he had a Gun with him loaded
with Ball and Powder and that he was with the Party when
Terwilliger was fired at and wounded. That he had some more
Balls and Powder besides what he had in his Gun.
The Court then ordered in order to obtain further Evidence
ag't the Prisoners that Hendrick Chrispell who had offered to
confess all he knew respecting their Treasonable Practices &
appeared to have experienced a severe Repentance for the Crimes
he had committed be acquitted and received as a witness for the
State of New York.
Hendrick Crispell being duly sworn deposeth and Saith that
lying in Bed at his own House some Persons came and knocked
at the Door, that opening the Door Jacob and Abraham Mid-
dagh and Jacobus Davis Jun'r came in; Jacob Middagh told
Depon't that they came for to fetch him; Dep't asked where they
Public Papers of George Clinton. 757
wanted to carry him they informed him that Colonel Fanning
had sent them to bring in such Persons as were willing to go to
New York. That there was a Proclamation from the King that
such as were his Friends should Come in, and those who did not
when the Regulars got Possession of America should find no
mercy, and if he would go he must make himself ready and go
there or he must expect no mercy For the Regulars would hang
Dep't or carry him out of the Country; "that we are all Rebels
against the King " and desired Dep't to go and see if his Brother
was not inclined to go along with him, that Dep't accordingly
went to his Brother Thomas and told him all that Middagh
had told him as before related. That Dep't told his Brother
he thought it was hard to be hanged for what they could
not help, And if he had a mind to go along he the Dep't
would also go. That Dept's Brother said if he would
go he would also go. That before Dep't went to his
Brother The Middaghs & Davies went off. That the next
night Jacob Middagh came again to Dep't House and told Dep't
when he came to Colo. Fanning they should have their Choice
they might work and should be paid for it or might take Arms
in which Case each man should have two Pair of Stockings a
Pair of Shoes a Pair of Breeches and two Shirts a red Coat or Red
Jacket, Dep't does not remember which, and a Waistcoat and
the Arms they brought with them should be laid in the stores
and those that were willing might sell them and if they enlisted
they should draw Arms. That they wou'd not force or persuade
any Person to inlist, that was unwilling; That those who should
inlist should have 40/ hard money as a bounty; That in about
three Weeks they should be in Possession of New York and per-
haps it might be a little longer. That a Certain Day in the
758 Public Papers of George Clinton.
montli of May thinks about the 5th or 6th, The Regulars wou'd
begin; That all their Armies wou'd then be ready that they now
laid Still ; That the northern Army and Southern. Army were to
meet; That they were so very strong that the War wou'd be
short and they wou'd soon Join their two Armies. That Johnson
was getting the Indians in Readiness for that Time; That Ameri-
ca was almost all Surrounded And the Indians wou'd all come
down and assist the King; That Jacob Middagh then left the
Dep't and the Dep't went again to his Brother and told him if
he was willing to go with Dep't he must make himself ready;
That his Brother accordingly did so and ,came to Dep't and
Dep't and his Brother went to Jacobus Davis's where Jacob Mid-
dagh had appointed them to come; That Jacobus Davies, James
Merkell, Petrus Bush, Jacob Furler, Coenraadt Mysner, Cor-
nelius Furler, Jacob Long Yaer, Jun'r, and Andries Long Yaer
were at Jacobus Davis's when Dep't and his Brother came there;
That they were all armed except Jacob Middagh and had all
Ammunition; That this Dep't and his Brother had also Arms and
Ammunition; That they had all provision for 3, 4, or 5
Days; That Dep't and his Brother went to Davis's about
Breakfast Time; That they all then proceeded from Davis's
thro the Woods to Abraham Middagh's at Marbletown; when
they came there it was some time in the night; That Jacob Mid-
dagh asked Abraham and George Middagh to go along but
they refused, that they then went from Marbletown across
the Fields and did not stop till they came to the House
of Daniel Irvin, a Schoolmaster in Marbletown; That Daniel
Irvin was at Home, and soon after they came there which was
about 8 o'clock. The People of the House being all in Bed ex-
cept Irvin; Jacobus Rosa came there having only a cudgel in
Public Papers op George Clinton. 759
his hand; That they then went off with Eosa and Irvin and Wm.
McGinnis across the public Koad and crosst Roundout Creek
some in Canoes and some wading over and stop't at a House;
knows not the Person's name; that before they came to the House
they went over a small Creek; That they went into the Barn of
this House; That when they came into the Barn Jack, the negro
man of Gysbert Rosa, John Van Vliet and William Teets were
there and thinks Sylvester Vandemerk and John Rapalje were
also there; That Just before Day they allwent up into the moun-
tains and Vandemerk and Rapalje were then with them. That
they laid among the Rocks; That John Van Vliet and Sylvester
Vandemerk were armed; That Rapalje had sometimes a Gun
and sometimes not; That they then went thro' the Shawngonk
Mountains; That in the Shawngonk Mountains a Man came to
them armed and told them that there were Scouting Parties out
to apprehend them; that there Dep't and the rest of their Party
came opposite to the Paltz and there remained till near Night
and Came near the Wallkill when Rosa left them for a little
Time and returned. That Rosa went unarmed leaving his Gun
with the Party; that when Rosa returned they went off and by
Rosa's orders proceeded to the Wallkill where they were hailed
by a Centinel; Rosa answered " a Friend " went up to the Person
and took his Gun from him & took the Man along with them;
That he believes the Man who Rosa took Prisoner was one Freer;
That two men on Horseback came up and asked who was there;
That Dep't answered Friend; That Jacob Davis took hold of
the Bridle and the Man on Horsback who was afterwards shot
in the Arm; That the other Horseman was about 10 or 12 yds.
from Dep't; That Dep't took Terwilleger by the Hand, and while
he held his Hand he heard the Report of a Gun, upon which the
760 Public Papers of George Clinton.
Horse Jumped and the Man fell of the Horse and the Horse
went off, and upon Dept's returning to look for the Man he could
not find him; That the two Men and Horses were then gone and
Rosa returned and made Freer Swear that he wou'd not dis-
cover any Thing he had seen or make known the Persons of the
Party; & then gave Freer his Liberty taking his Arms from him.
That they then left the Wallkill and went to the public Road
and passed a Man with a Waggon; That soon after they went on
and left a man asleep, who soon after Joined him without his
Gun, having thrown it away for Fear of being discovered; That
they walked till the Cocks crew; This was Saturday; They Came
to a House and Rosa went in; That they then left the House,
and went into the Woods and there remained all Day; That a
Regular Officer came to them at Marbletown and was with them
on Thursday or Friday; That the Officer had a handkerchief in
his Hand; That the Officer informed Dep't That the Regulars
were to Attack a Fort to the northward on Sunday last and that
they wou'd attack Fort Montgomery soon and would also in a
short Time be in Esopus, and a large Army of Regulars wou'd
come thro' Minisink; That a Stranger who liv'd above Albany
with a short Jacket and old blue Coat told Dep't, that the Reg-
ular Officer had Come with Dispatches from the northward;
That the Party on Saturday night came to a House & soon after
left it and laid all the next Day on Sunday under a Brush Fenc?;
That the regular Officer had only one Eye and left them soon
after he Joined them and was on Foot; That on Monday they
came to a Field where a Negro man was working and passed
thro' a Creek and went up a Mountain and afterwards thro' clear
Land and over two Mountains near Settlements. Rosa then de-
sired them to set down, that he wou'd go and see where there
Public Papers of George Clinton. 761
were and Rosa & Jacob Middagb went off for about half an
Hour and Dep't heard soon after the Reports of four Guns and
then of two more, and some Horsemen came up and Dep't run
off immediately; then after Dep't with Rappalje with another
of the Party went to see if any of the Party were kill'd; That
John Van Vliet and Sylvester Vandemerk told this Dep't That
after the men on Horseback had fired they both Returned the
Fire; That he heard one of the men a Horsback cry out, "Lay
down your arms, keei3 them in Your Eye,'' that VanVliet, and
Vandemark then Run off and Dep't also; That Dep't missing his
Brother Returned, but saw no Person, and Found a. Pack of
one of the Party, and soon after saw McGinnis lying on his Belly,
and Calling to Him. McGinnis came to them and they
look'd for the Rest of the Party, but could not find them, they
then saw five men with Guns, who passed them; when Dep't
Came to the public Road Dep't advis'd them who were with him
to give themselves up to those Men, who took their arms away
and made them Prisoners, Cornelius Furler, John Van Vliet,
Silvester Vandemark, and John Rapalje, were there with Dep't;
That McGinnis was not with them and left them a little Time
before.
The Court then resolved that William McGinnis, John Van
Vliet, Cornelius Furler, William Teets, Coenradt Mytener, An-
dries Keyser, John Rapalje, Silvester Vandermark, Jacobus Rose,
Jacob Middagh, and Jacob Longyore were guilty of Levying war
against the State of New York within the same and also of ad-
hering to the King of Great Britain whilst owing allegiance to
the State of New York and further that Jacobus Rose was also
guilty of being an enlisted Soldier in the Service of the King of
Great Britain and also of enlisting Men in the Service of the said
762 Public Papers of George Clinton,
King whilst he owed allegiance to the State' of New York and
further that Jacob Middagh is also guilty of being an enlisted
Man in the Service of the King of Great Britain whilst owing
allegiance to the State of New York aforesaid, and it is further
resolved, that the said William McGinnis, John Van Vliet, Cor-
nelius Furler, William Teets, Coenradt Mysener, Andries Keyser,
John Rapalje, Silvester Vandermark and Jacob Longyore are
not guilty of being enlisted Soldiers in the Service of the King
of Great Britain whilst owing allegiance to the State of New
York. It is further resolved, that Jack, the negro man, slave of
Guysbert Rose be acquitted, no material Evidence appearing
against him; and this Court do adjudge that the said William
McGinnis, John Van Vliet, Cornelius Furler, William Teets,
Coenradt Mysener, Andries Keyser, John Rapalje, Silvester Van-
dermark, Jacob Middagh, and Jacob Longyore, do suffer the
Pains and Penalties of Death by being hanged by the neck until
they are dead.
But in Consideration of the extreme youth of William Teets
and it appearing that he has been deluded, his severe Compunc-
tion for his Crimes, his apparent Ignorance and his willingness
to enter into the Service of his Country this Court do recommend
him as a proper Object of Mercy.
The above Minutes being examined by the Court ordered that
the same be signed by the President and Judge Advocate.
By Order of the Court.
Lewis Duboys, Coll.,
President.
Stephen Lush, Capt.
as Judge Advocate.
Public Papers of George Clinton. 763
[No. 473.]
THE ENEMY ON THE MOVE.
Gew. CM/iiton Notified and the Militia Ordered Out in Consequence.
Poughkeepsie May 1st 1777.
Sir,
We have this Instant received Information that the Enemy
have again Landed at Horseneck and advanced some miles into
the Country.
The Intelligence comes from Mr. Livingston who is now in
the Southern part of the County in a Letter to Collo. Swartwout.
We have wrote to the Collo. advising him to call oat the militia
by virtue of the Eesolution of Convention.
We thought it of Importance to communicate this to Conven-
tion immediately by express.
We Remain with Respect your very Humbl. Servants,
Egb't Benson,
Melancton Smith.
A Copy.
To Abraham Ten Broek Esq.,
President of the Convention at Kingston.
Kingston May 2d 1777.
Gent.
We are oblidged to you for the Communicating to us the ear-
liest accounts of the Landing of the Enemy & Approve of your
ordering out the militia which we hope Collo. Swarthout will
Imediately execute. You will be pleased to employ riders and
to Collect Si Transmitt to us the earliest intelligence of the
motions of the Enemy.
We are Gentle' yours &c. &c.
Ab'm Ten Broeck Presid't.
To the Commiss'rs for detect'g Conspiracies &c.
764 Public Papers of George Clinton.
Kingston May 2d 1777.
Sir^
I am directed to transmit you the Copies of a Letter from our
Con.m's-,'rs at Foaleepne & Convention's Answer thereto.
I am in great haste,
Your Honor's most Obed't & Very humble Serv't.
B.oA. Benson.
The Honble. Briar'r Genl. George Clinton.
[No. 474.]
MORE TRAITORS SENTENCED TO DEATH.
With Several Recommendations for Mercy on the Part of the Court
Martial That Tried the Culprits.
Fort Montgomery May 2d 1777.
The Court Met According to Adjournment;
Present — Coll. Lewis Dubois, President
Capt. Stewart Capt. Dewitt
Capt. Lee " Schoonmaker
Capt. Bevier Capt. Concklin
Capt. Tillford Lieut. Post
Capt. Hardenburgh Lieut. Hunter
" Hausbrook
Henry Godwin Capt. Judge Advocate.
A Majority of Members Appearing the Court Adjourn'd till
Ten O'clock tomorrow Morning.
Court Mett.
Present.
Coll. Dubois, President.
Capt. Stewart Capt. Bevier
Capt. Lee Capt. Tillford
Public Papers op George Clinton, 765
Capt. Hausbrook Lieut. Furman
Capt. Dewitt Lieut. Post
Capt. Concklin Lieut. Hunter
Capt. Schoonmaker Lieut. Chambers
Capt. Godwin Judge Advocate.
Lieut. Furman and Lieut. Chambers sworn as new Members
in the Room of thos Absent.
Jacob Davis Brought Before the Court and Charged with the
following Crimes (To wit): 1st with Levying War against the
United States of America; (2d) for Being an Inlisted Solder in
the Service of the King of Great Britain; 3dly for having In-
listed men in the Service of S'd King; to the 1st Charge he
Pleads Guilty, to the 2d & 3d Charges Not Guilty.
The Prisoner Being Examind says, that he Came to Alexander
Campble's house with Rose and his Party and was in there,
that Campble appeared to be friendly that he thinks that Camp-
ble Carried them to a Brush fence about a half Mile from Camp-
ble's House where they were safe and lay there one whole Day;
that Campble's wife Brought them Rum at two Different times,
that Campble Came to them in the afternoon and inform'd them
that the Militia were gone; that they lay at the fence till Dark, that
then Rose and his Party went to Campble's House and Campble's
wife gave them a pail of Butter Milch Popp, that she gave it
gratis, that they then went to Aurthur McKinney's Barn; that
he Believs it was Either Campble or McKinney that Piloted
them to the Barn at Night, that in the morning Aurthur McKinney
and his wench Brought them Suppaan and Milch; that McKin-
ney and Jacobes Rose talked together but did not hear what
they said; James Jones, Samuel Fraliegh and an Regular Officer
Came to them in Will'm Woods Barn, and was Also in W^oods
766 Public Papers of George Clinton.
House and, stayed at woods, that Daniel Erwin took down all
thier names in the Mountains with thier voluntarj- wills, that he
had a gun Loaded with Powder and Ball.
The Prisoner Being Examind the second time says, that Rose
told him that Wouter Slouter Piloted them to the Creek. A
further Examination of the Prisoner taken Before the Commit-
tee of Schongom. Cornelius Schoonmaker, Jun'r., Chairman
Being Read Before the Court and
Examination of Jacob Davis who Saith that on Wednesday
the 23d Instant, Jacob Middagh came to his Father's House and
asked him wether he would not go with him to New York to
Join the Regulars to which he Consented, and agreed to go with
them and immediately Proceeded to get ready; i^nd that his
Father Provided him Provisions and other necessaries he wanted
on his march and that they went that night as far as Shokan,
and the next Day they Marched to near Marbletown Jagh
Crepplebos, and stopped a. Little at Abraham Middagh's, and
went from thence to Richard Oackley's, were they Came at about
nine O'Clock in the Evening and Tarries Some time at his
House, and then went along as far as William Woods in the
Cocksing Clove, where the met with Samuel Fraleigh, James
Jones and a Regular OfQcer, who told them, they was going
with them in the Morning, and that they Lodged that night at
said Wood's, and in the morning Crossed the Mountains to-
gether to near the Wido Beveir, in the New Paltz Precinct;
when Lieut. Jacobus Rosa and Jacob Middagh, went to the
Wido's and Shortly after Returned; and then they went along
and was Piloted by Wouter Sluyter to Cornelius Dubois at the
Wallkill and across it when they took Jacob Freer and Tenuis
Van Vleit and after Some Discourse between Lieut. Rosa and
Public Papers of George Clinton. 767
Said Van Vleit, Lieut. Eosa let him go, and said that Van Vleit
was a good man and that he would not keep him Prisoner, and
Marched on that Night as far as Allick Gamble's were they
tarried that Day, and in the Evening went a little farther to a
Barn of Arthur McKinney where they Lodged that Mght and
tarried thereabouts the Next Day and Night; that while they
was there Samuel Freleigh, James Jones and the Regular Officer
went to Major Golden's and after Some time Samuel Freleigh
Returned again and told them that Major Golden told him that
he thought it was impossible for their Gompany to get through
to the Regulars on Account of the Guards, and that from that
time he saw No more of Samuel Freleigh, James Jones and the
Regular Officer; and a Monday Morning went on their Journey
and about 12 o'Glock got on a Large Hill at or near the Clove
were they where attacked by the Militia, and that him and four
more made their Escape, but three of them did not come far
Back with them in the Company and that he did not know^ what
had become of the Rest of the Company.
Examination of Andreis Long Yaur, w ho Saith that on Wed-
nesday the 23d Instant Jacob Middagh and another Came to
his Father's house and asked him to (go) long wdth them to New
York to the Regulars, for the Regulars would Come up this way
Soon, and they would then come along with them and drive the
Inhabitants before them and take their Estates from them; then
Concluded to (go) long with them and got himself Ready, and
went with them to Samuel Davis's, and his Son Jacob Joined
us and that Night went as far as Shokan, and on Thursday they
went Along to near Marbletown and in the night went to Richard
Oackley's, where they Tarried Some time; and from thence to
William W^oods in Cocksins; Clove where thev Joined Lievt.
768 Public Papers op George Clinton.
Jacobus Rosa. The Prisoner Confesses Everjf fact Contain'd in
S'd Examination a Copy whereof is anexed hereunto.
The Prisoner further says that Peter Misener, a Neighbour of
his, Said he would go alonge with him but his wife would not
let him; that he heard that Cristian Winner was gone little
Shandaken to get men; that they got Rum at one Jacobus Bush
at Shokan, that Jacobus Bush Son Peter went with them, that
his brother Jacobus was known to their going; that Frederick
Bush at Shokan went along to help them over Esopus Kill; that
Rose told him that the widdow Bevier and widdow Grahams
were there friends; that he heard that Daniel Cantine was a
friend of the King; that Peter Winner, Hendrick Henning, Fred-
erick Row at little Shandakan, Jacob Furlong and Wilhelmus
Merkle at Great Shandakan were also friends to the King of
great Briton.
Andries Longyear being brought before the Court on the three
before mentioned Charges Pleads Generally, Not Guilty.
An Examination of the Prisoner Taken before mentioned Com-
mittee being Produced to the Court and Read in the Presence
of the Prisoner, the Prisoner Confesses Every fact Contained in
said Examination; a Copy whereof is annexed hereunto, and
further says that he thinks it was Either Campble or McKenny
that brought them to McKenny 's Barn; that his father Jacob
Longyear did not prevent him from going with Rosa to the Reg-
ulars; that he had a gun Loaded with Powder and Ball; that he
Loaded his gun because the Rest Loaded theirs; that he Thinks
Trawiliger was Shot with a Pistol. That Daniel Ervin had a
pistol; that Richard Oakly treated them with Cyder.
Samuel Fraligh was Brought Before the Court on 4 Charges:
1st for Levying W^ar against the United States of America; 2dly
Public Papers of George Clinton. 769
for Being an Inlisted Soldier in the Service of the King of Great
Britain; 3dly for Inlisting Men in the Service of the said King
& 4thly for Aiding, assisting, Giving Comfort, & Being adherent
to the Enemies of the State of New York while owing Allegiance
to said State.
The Prisoner Confesses: that James Jones and Siles Poumpore
told him that he would get work at his trade in New York, that
he was a wheelwright that he agreed to go to New York. Ac-
cordingly set out to go to New York; that he Came to James
Jones's House and a Man Blind with the left Eye Was Sitting
in the House; that he had on a speckled Under Jacket, Brown
Surtout Coat, a pair of Blew Wolling Stockings, and strings in
his shoes, that he ask'd Jones where that fellow Came from;
that he told Jones he was affraid that man would discover them;
that Jones told him that he did not know him; that then he
Jones and the one Eyed man set out together in Company; as
they were going he (the Prisoner) ask'd the one Eyed man what
his name was. But the man would not tell him but tell him he
Came from the Mohawk Elver thro Albany where he Passed
for a shoe Maker; that the one Eyed man had a Bundle of Letters
with him ; that the one Eyed Man was about five feet Ten inches
high; that the S' Man told him he heard the Regulars were across
the lake and that the Indians were to Come Down; that one
Butler was the Head of them; that they all Slept at a mill at
night and set out next Morning; at Noon came to a house in the
woods where they got a man who Piloted them over a Creek;
the name of the place he thinks was Hurly, and went on with
them farther till Night were they all lay down in the wood all
night, and in the Morning one Jacobus Seeny with a thick man
came to them but went away again; that they stayed at that
49
770 Public Papers of George Clinton.
Place all Day; that at night Said Seeney came to them again
with Six or Seven more men; that then they all set out together
to Wm. Woods house, were they met Eose and his Party were
they Stayed till next night when Kose brought another party
to them; that they Stayed that Night at Woods and in the Morn-
ing Set out till they Came to a House where Kose called the
men in to take down their names; that they all gave in their
names but him and James Jones; that the man that wrote down
their names was a Schoolmaster; that he thought it was a Pistol
that Trawiliger was Shot with; that they came to Alexander
Camble's; that then he & Jones and the one Eyed man went
and sat under an apple tree; that the one Eyed Man left them
there; that he saw Campble come to the one Eyed man and took
him with him to his house; that then he and Jones went into
McKenney's Barn where Eose and his Party lay all night;
and that he Eat Suppane and Milk in McKenney's Barn that he
left Eose & his party in McKinny's Bam with an intent to go
home; that being afraid of being taken up he Eesolved to Pass
for a Tradsman; Accordingly applied for work at one Mr. Pecks
where he Passed for a Weaver, But Could not get no work there
for the Want of a Loom; that he went on and met a man and
a boy with a waggon who asked him where he was going, and
he told them to look for work, then went on and was going past
the widow Graham's House when Lieut. Cleark and Officer
Called to him and he went in and there Inlisted with said Clerk
in the Continental Service.
Court adjourned till five o'Clock this afternoon.
Court Mett.
Present the President and members as before.
Fredrick Keyser Being brought before the court on the follow-
Public Papers of George Clinton. 771
ing charges: 1st for levying, war against the United States of
America; 2dly for being an Inlisted Soldier in the Service of the
King of great Britain; 3dly for haveing Inlisted men in the Ser-
vice of Said King Pleads Generally, not Guilty.
The Prisoner being Examined Says that Rose sent for him
and told him that this was the last time and if he not come he
could not Expect any Mercy; that an Army was a Comeing from
the North v^^ard ; one from the Eastward, one from the Southard,
that the Smallest child w^ould be killed if he did not go down;
that Every man that went along with the Regulars Should have
a Hundred Acres of Land; that he met Rose at William Woods;
that they had Victuals at Woods that brought by one Barber a
Servant of Said Woods; Stayed at Woods all Night that he met
the Company at Woods; that there were 36 and Cornelius
Samuels made 37; that he Saw Wood in the Morning and gave
him his hand And bid him farewell; Beleives Wood knew where
they were going; from Wood went to Ceely's were Lodewick
Ceely Joined them. Says that when they were in Woods Barn, a
High Dutch Doctor cameinto the Barn; that when they came
to the side of the Hill near to the Widow Beveir's Rose and
Middagh Left them and Tarry ed away Some time; from there
went to Cornelius Dubois and from there to the Creek or Wallkill
where Stood two Centinels; that Rose told the Centinel that he
would take them Prisoners; that they Crossed the Creek with
one of the Centeries and left two or three on the other side with
the other Gentry's; that Just as they came on the other side of
the River he heard a Pistol Fire and heard the Noise of Horses;
that Daniel Erwin had a Pistol and no other Person in Company
had one to his knowledge; that they then marched to a little
House in the field a Small Distance from the Road: that from
772 Public Papers of Gteorge Clinton.
thence thej went and Lay in the woods; that the Next Day they
went to a Little Logg house v^'here they got Suppane and milk;
that he Beleives the man's Name is McKenny ; that he had a gun
Loaded with Powder and Ball, that he took Powder and Ball
from home; that He V\'ent with Kose untill they where fired on
by the Militia.
Court adjourned to Ten o'Clock tommorrow morning.
Court met, President as before.
Thomas Creppell brought before the 3 last Mentioned Charges
Pleads Generally, not Guilty.
The Prisoner Says he was along with Rose; that he was Per-
swaded to go by Jacob Middagh; that he had a Gun Loaded with
Powder and Ball; that he was along with Rose till they were
Fired on by the Militia in the Mountains; that then he was afraid
and Seperated from Rose's Party and was Determined to go
home and be as good a friend as he was Before; that Rose and
Middagh told him when they talked with him that he would be
Shot down or Taken up and Hanged if the whigs took him; that
on his way home he gave himself up to a Man with a Gun; he
further says that he heard that Wouter Sluyter was to Pilot them
over the Wallkill Creek.
Peter Bush Brought before the Court on the Before Mentioned
1st 2d and 3 Charges Pleads Generally, not Guilty.
The Prisoner Says he was with Rose and his Party; that he
bad a Gun Loaded with Powder and Ball; that Richard Oackley
gave them Provisions ; that he Stayed with Rose untill they were
fired on by the Militia in the Mountains.
Jacob Furlong Brought before the Court on the before Men-
tioned 1st 2d & 3d Charges Pleads Generally, not guilty. The
Prisoner Being Examined Confesses that he was with Rose and
Public Papers op George Clinton. 773
his Party, Persuaded by Jacob Middagh; that Middagh told him
that if he Did not go he would briug his friends into Trouble;
that if he went he would save his Land and have 100 Acres
of Land and Each Child fifty acres; that 500 Indians and white
men would Come down upon the Inhabitants and the Regulars
would come up as thick as Sand; that it would not be above a
fortnight before the Country would be Destroyed and Says they
got Powder from Richard Oackley; that he Remained with Rose
and his Party Untill they were Fired on by the Militia in the
Mountains; the Prisoner alledges in his Defence that he was
Deluded away; that when he found his Error he set out to go
Home and on his way gave himself up to Some of the Militia.
Johannes Keyser Being Brought before the Court on the same
Id 2d and 3d Charges before Mentioned to the first Charge
Pleads, Guilty to the 2d and 3d Charges, not guilty.
The Prisoner in his Defence alledges he was Deluded by the
Persuasions of Rose and one Petres Dewitt's wife; being Further
Examined Says that he Believes that Trawilliger was Shot with
a Pistol; that it was the Same man that had the Pistol that took
down their Names; Confesses that he was Drafted to Come Down
in the 4 months Service with the Militia to Fort Montgomery
before he went with Rose,
Theunis Van Vleet Being Duly Sworn that he the Deponent
Understood that there was a Number of men to Come a Cross
the Mountains and the Deponant Sent word thereof; as there
was no Commanding Officer, to his Neighbours that Fourteen or
fifteen of them Gathered together and Placed a Centry at one
Peter Deyoos, one at the Road that Leads down out of the Moun-
tains by Isaac Lows, and another at one Duboises; that Frair
Asked who would go with him and the Deponent Said that He
774 Public Papers op George Clinton,
would go the first Hour; that then the D<jiponant and Frair
went and Set down by and Apple Tree; that thej^ Set there but
a few Minutes when they heard a Noise Amongst the Apple
Trees; that a Party of men came up; Frair Said, who is there?
they answered, friend ; when they (the Deponent and Frair) were
Immidiately Seized and made Prisoners of; that when the Depo-
nent was Seized and Taken Prisoner, he the Deponent was
Examined as to the Strenght of the Guard; that the man
that took hold of the Deponent, told the Deponent that he
was Eose, and asked the Deponent if he had not heard
of Lieut. Rose over the Mountains, and that the Deponent
was his Prisoner; that Rose then Ordered some of his men,
and said to them, take Care of this Fellow; that in the mean
time Rose's men got into Two Cannoes; that Rose went up to
Frair and ordered him to be Silent ; that the Canoes at the Same
time was Carring Rose's Party across the Kill; that when the
Cannoes Came back they took Frair over the River ; that Just
as the Cannoes Struck the Shore on the opposite side of the
Creek, the Deponant Heard Somebody Call out, who is there?;
the other Said, a friend; that then the Deponant heard a Gun or
Pistol fire and saw the flash and heard a great Rout amongst
Rose's Party; that then, that Party that kept the Deponant
under Guard at that time wanted the Cannoes over, but the
€anoes Did not come on account of the Rout; they Hollowed for
them; that when the Cannoes Struck on the Side where the De-
ponant was under guard, that the men was in such Hurry that
he, the Deponant, made his Escape and Run up to the house to
warn the guard; that then the Deponant and the guard
Run Down to the Creek; when they came there Rose's Party all
of them Across the Creek; that the Deponant told the Guard of
Public Papers of George Clinton. 775
his hearing the gun Fired, but they would not Believe it; that one
of them went to Mr. Graham's who told he heard the Report of a
gun as he lay in the bed; that then the Deponant and the guard
Concluded the best way would be to mount a Horse to warn
the Guards in the other Places before Mentioned", which they did;
then went Down the Creek and got a Canoe to go to Mr. Elting's;
there they got a Horse and man and Sent him down to Newburgh
Express to Warn the Inhabitants of this Party's going that way;
that when they Came there at Elting's, Lieut. Trawilliger had
been there; and that he and another man took Two horses and
Said Trawilliger was wounded in the arm; that when the De-
ponant was under guard at the Creek the Party that kept him,
told the Deponant that he was their Prisoner and Should go
with them; that Rose when he first Seized the Deponant Told him
That he had Fifty Eight men well armed and did not care a
Damn for the Guard, and further Sayeth not.
Court Adjourned till three o'Clock this afternoon.
Court met. Present the President and members as Before.
Court Adjourned till Ten o'Clock tomorrow Morning.
Court met According to adjournment.
Present — Col. Duboise, President.
Capt. Beveir Dewitt Lieut. Furman
Johnson Concklin Post
Tilford Schoonmaker Hunter
Hasbrook Lieut. Pawling Chambers
Judge advocate.
Capt. Johnson and Lieut. Pawling sworn as Members in the
Room of Capt. Stewart and Capt. Lee.
William Wood Brought before the court for aiding and assist-
776 Public Papers of George Clinton.
ing Holding Correspondence with and giving comfort the
Enemies to the State of New York whist oweing allegiance to
the Said State. Pleads, Guilty.
The Prisoner in his Defence Says that Rose and his Party Came
unawares upon him; that he did not know of them Comeing; that
he was very Suprized when they Came upon him; that he was
glad to hear of his Son Pleads Ignoranc of the Resolution of Con-
vention of 16th July 1776 &c.
Richard Oackley brought before the Court on the last men-
tioned Charges Pleads, Guilty. The Prisoner in his Defence
Says that he gave Powder to Rose's Party; that he knew Wm.
Ose, the sadler; has nothing further to Say only Beg the mercy
of the Court.
Abraham Medach Brought Before the Court on the following
Charges: 1st for Levying Warr against the United States of
America; 2dly for Being an Inlisted soldier in the service of the
King of Great Britain; 3dly for Inlisting men in the Service of
s'd King; 4thly for Giving Aid, Assistance being adherent to and
secretting the Enemies of s'd states. Pleads Generally, Not
Guilty.
The Prisoner Being Examined says; that he knew Jacob
Medach was there; that he found Madach in the woods; that
Medach asked him to go along to Shocam; that he went with
Meddach to Frederick Bushes house; that Bush was not at home;
that he went with Jacob Meddach to Hendrlck Bush's, Frederick
Bush's, Jacobes Bush's, Jacob Davis's, Hendrlck Crepell's Samuel
Davis's, Jacob Furlough's, Jacob Longyarr & Christian Winner's;
that he was going to one John Crespell's for Corn and Came
acrosS' Jacob Medaugh who took him with him Every where he
went and would not Let him go; that he knew he Did wrong.
Public Papers op George Clinton. 777
Cornelius Samuels was Brouglit Before tlie Court, Produced a
Certifycate setting forth that Cornelius Samuels in Consequence
of his open Confession made Before this Convention, is by s'd
Convention Pardoned for the Crimes wherewith he stood
Charged, and for which he was apprehended and Brought Before
said Convention, and is, therefore. Discharged & Permitted to
Eeturn to his usual Place of Abode, he having likewise taken the
oath of allegience to this State.
By Order. Robert Benson, Secretary.
The Court after hearing the Before Mention'd Certificate Read
Came to a Resolution to acquit said Cornelius Samuels and Do
therefore Acquitt him Accordingly.
Cornelius Samuels, being Duly sworn sayeth that Just before
this Deponant and Rose Came to the Widdow Bevier's, they met
three men, to wit: Andries Keyser, Johanes Keyser and he Be-
lieves Frederick Keyser, and Rose Asked them wether Wouter
Slouter was home and they said Slouter was not at home but
would be home in the Evening; then they went along within
half a mile of widow Bevier's and stayed there till it was Dark;
then went to near the. widow's House where Rose orderd them
to stay and then went away to the House to see whether Slouter
was at home; then Jacobes Rose Came to them again and orderd
them to March till Slouter's House; and the Deponant Believes
Slouter Joined them there; that the Deponant saw Slouter at
the Creek; that Jacobus Rose Called Slouter By Name and
Slouter answerd to it; that the Deponant went over in the last
Canoe; that Jacobes Rose & Sylvester Van Der Mark where of
the Party that Kept one of the Centries; that w^hen they were
Coming thro the apple trees they were Hailed ^"^(who is there)"
"a, friend" said Jacobus Rose; then the Guard said "if you are a
778 Public Papers of George Clinton.
friend then Come on " (or words to that Effect) ; that one of the
Centries wheeled off as there was a large Comp'y with them; that
Jacobus Eose said that the Centrie was his Prisoner; and then
Eose left him and went to the other Centrie and told him he was
his Prisoner; but the Centrie told Eose he wold not be taken
Prisoner by them; then Eose took his Gun from him and Put
him in the Canoe and took him over the Creek; that the other
Centrie stayed with the Deponant and others on that side of the
Creek; that Wouter Slouter Crossed the Creek with the Party till
Near the Kings Eoad and further saith Not.
Court Adjournd till two o'clock this afternoon.
Court Met According to adjournment.
Present the President and Members as Before.
Wil'm Kalder & Lodiwick Seely,
Brought Before the Court on the 3 before Mentiond Charges:
1st for Levying Warr against the United States of America; 2dly
for Being an Inlisted Soldier in the Service of the King of Great
Britain; 3dly for Inlisting men in the service of said King.
Pleads, Not Guilty.
Lodwick Seely being Examined Confesses that he was with
Eose till the Guard Came after them and Fired upon them in the
Clove on the Hill; that when he Came near the kill where the
Centries Hailed them, he heard Eose say that one Wouter Was
thier Guid to the Kill ; says that he was Going with Eose tO' New
York.
William Kelder Confesses that he went with Eose till the
widow Graham's; Believes that Wouter Slouter was the Pilott
that Pilotted there men to the Creek; that he (the Prisoner) had
a Gun Loaded with Powder & Ball which he Brought from Home;
that he Joined Eose at Wil'm Woods; that they Got Pork and
Bread at s'd Woods.
Public Papers of George Clinton. 779
Walter Slouter Brought Before the Court on a Charge for aid-
ing assisting and being adherent to the Enemies of the State of
New York whilst owing Allegience to the Laws of said State.
Pleads, Guilty.
The Prisoner in his Defence says that he went with Rose and
his Party to the Kill and Left him; that he found his Concience
began to Prick him and left Rose; that he Durst Not Discover
them to his Neighbour's; that he found himself so Guilty that he
was affraid to do it; that Rose Came to him and Sayed to him
you must Pilot me to the Creek and at first Refused, but that the
Devil Possessed him in such a manner that he Concented and
Pilotted them to the Kill.
John Low Brought Before the Court on the Last before men-
tioned Charge. Pleads, Not Guilty.
The Prisoner Being Examind Confesses that the High Dutch
Doctor Came to his house; that he knew of his Being with the
Enemy; that he told him of his faults and left him; that the
Doctor told him that he would be a friend to the Country but
Durst not make himself known; that Edward Wood, Ju'r, got his
Provision from his father's House Edward Wood's; that the
Dutch Doctor Eat with him.
James Marricle and John Stokes were Brought before the
Court, and Charged with: 1st Levying warr against the United
States of America; 2dly for being an Inlisted Soldier in the ser-
vice of the King of Great Britain; 3dly for Inlisting Soldiers in
the service of s'd King to which Charges they Plead Generaly,
Not Guilty.
James Maricle being Examined says, he was with Rose and his
Party; that he had a gun Loaded with Powder and Ball; that he
was with Rose till the Mountains in the Clove were they were
780 Public Papers of George Clinton.
fired upon; that he was in the Party, that Kept Tunis Van Vleat
under Guard at the Elver.
John Stocks says that he had a gun but not Loaded; had
Powder and Ball with him; that he was Draughted to Come
Down in the 4 Months service in Captain Hausbrook's Company;
that he went with Eose till the Mountains Before Mentiond.
Edward Wood Brought Before the Court for aiding and assist-
ing and Giving Comfort to the Enemies of the State of New York.
Pleads, Not Guilty.
Edward Woods Jun'r Brought before the Court on the last
Mentiond Charges. Plead, Not Guilty.
The Prisoner Being Examined says, that the High Dutch
Doctor Came in the woods and Complained that his feet was
Swelled and wanted to be with him but he Did not like it and
would not let him be with them and therefore went and left that
Cave and went to another; that the Doctor followed there and
Insisted on being with them but he says he Did not like it; that
he knew him to be a bad man; that the Doctor said he had had a
chance for his life by Tryal; that if he thought he Could be Par-
doned by the Americans he would Inlist in the Continental Ser-
vice; then they went into the Cave; that the Doctor Eat with
him till he was taken; he says he Never Examind the Doctor as to
his Being in New York for he took him to be a bad man and
would not hold any Discourse with him.
Court Adjournd till tomorrow morning.
Court Met.
Present, the President and Members as before; the Court ad-
journd till two o'clock this afternoon. Court Met. Present the
President and Members as Before. Court adjournd till tomorrow
Public Papers of George Clinton. 781
morning. Court Met. Present the President and Members as
Before.
Jonathan Oakly Charged with the Last Before Mentiond
Charges. Pleads, Not Guilty.
No Evidences appearing before the Court against John Low
Edward Wood Edward Wood Junier and Jonathan Okerly they
were acquited.
The Court then Taking into mature Consideration the Several
Charges against the several Prisoners, the Evidences against
them and Confessions of said Prisoners, Do Resolve, that Jacob
Davis, Andries Longyaar, Fredrck Keyser, Thomas Crispell,
Peter Bush, Jacobus Furlong, Johannis Keyser, William Calder,
Lodwick Ceely, James Maricle and John Stokes are guilty of the
first Charge alledged against them, for levjang war against the
United States of Anjerica in the State of New York whilst they
owed allegience to the Laws of said state; But that the Said
Jacob Davis, Andries Longyaar, Fredrick Keyser, Thomas Cris-
pell, Peter Bush, Jacob Furlong, Johannis Keyser, William
Calder, Lodwick Ceely, James Maricle and John Stokes are not
Guilty of the Second and third Charges alleged against them.
And that Samuel Freligh and Abraham Middac are guilty of
aiding and assisting, giving Comfort and being adherent to the
Enemies of the State of New York (in the State of New York
aforesaid) whilst they owed allegience to the laws of said State,.
but Do Resolve, that the said Samuel Freligh and Abraham Mid-
dac are not Guilty of the First second and third Charges alledged
against them; and further Resolve, that William Wood, Richard
Oakly, and Wouter Slouter are Guilty of aiding, assisting, giving
Comfort to and being adherent to the Enemies of the State of
782 Public Papers of George Clinton.
New York (in tlie State of New York aforesaid;) whilst they owed
allegience to the Laws of Said State.
And Do adjudge Jacob Davis, Andries Longyaar, Fredrick
Keyser, Thomas Krispell, Peter Bush, Jacobus Furlong, Johannis
Keyser, William Calder, Lodwick Ceely, James Maricle, John
Stokes, Samuel Freligh, Abraham Middack, William Wood,
Richard Oakly and Wouter Slouter, Do Suffer the Pains and
Penelties of Death By being Hanged by the Neck till they are
dead.
The Court having Considered the Conditions of Jacob Davis,
Andries Longyaar, Thomas Crispell, Peter Bush, Johannis Key-
ser, James Maricle and William Calder, and in Consequence of
their apparent Distress, open Confession and Promise of Future
Obedience of the Laws of the State of New York Do Recommend
them for mercy.
The Court having Examined the Proceedings Do order them to
be signed by the President.
By order.
Lewis Duboys, Coll.
President.
Capt. Henry Godwin
as Judge Advocate.
[No. 475.]
A Blacksmith 'Needed.
Fishkill 2nd May 1777,
Dear General,
Major Boyd informs me that he has a Brother in the Service,
and under your Command, that is a very useful Hand in the
Smith's Department; if you can any ways spare him, it will help
Public Papers of George Clinton. 783-
us greatly, if he answers the Character given him. Indeed, if
he is but a common Hand, he is much better than some we have.
The Major says he is pretty ready at the Nailing Business; if
so, it will still be the greatest Service to us just now.
I arh, Dear General,
Your Most Obedient & very Humb'e Serv't,
Hugh Hughes.
The Honble General Clinton.
[No 476.]
NO MERCY FOR THE TRAITORS.
General Clmton Urges that a Sevei^e Example he made of them to
Deter others from FoUoioing Their Footsteps.
Fort Montgomery 2d May 1777.
Dear Sir,
Inclosed I transmit to the Honorable the Convention the Pro-
ceedings of a general Court Martial held at this Post for the
Tryal of Jacobus Rose and sundry other Persons charged with
Treason against the State. The Conduct of many of these
Traitors was so daring and Insolent that a sudden & severe Ex-
ample to me seems absolutely necessary to deter others from the
Commission of like Crimes, and I am perswaded to suffer these
to pass with Impunity woud be Cruelty in the End.
There are many others, yet untried for want of Evidence in the
Guard House here, which occasions our mounting double Guards
and greatly adds to the Fateigue of the Soldiery already over-
burthened with the Works necessary for the Defence of the Post.
These Reasons «& the Trouble they woud necessarilly be to us in
Case of an Attack induces me to wish a speedy Answer from the
Convention.
784 Public Papers of George Clinton.
Tlie Inhabitants are so much irritated by the Conduct of the
Prisoners in marching armed in a Body to join the Enemy that I
fear they will soon take the Law in their own Hands ag't them &
the wounding of Major Strang, his Brother & Lieut. Terwilliger
(the first of which is supposed mortal) greatly adds to their Re-
sentment.
. You'l observe that Gardner & some others of the Prisoners
were not of Rose's Party & that Gardner pleads in his Defence a
Certificate of his having taken the Oaths of Allegiance before the
Commissioners for detecting Conspiracies since the Commission
of his Crime; which the Court however concludes was obtained
artfully & through misinformation & indeed that it was out of the
Line of the Commissioners' Duty.
The Enemy's shipping we are informed fell down the River
ought of sight yesterday. No other News stirring here except
the Affair at Danburry of which I have not heard the Particulars.
You'l observe by the Examinations of Rose & his Party sundry
of them left him went Home & are not yet taken who ought to
be immediatly apprehended. I am with due Respect
Your most obed't serv't,
Geo. Clinton.
To President of Convention.
George Clinton sends Cadwallader Golden to the Kingston jail.
Fort Montgomery, 2d May, 1777.*
Sir — I wrote to Convention this morning, enclosing the pro-
ceedings of a general court-martial, held at this place for the trial
of sundry persons for treason against the State; since which so
many others have been sent to this post charged with the same
*From the Journal of the Proceedings of the New York Provincial Congress.
Public Papers of George Clinton. 785
offences, that the guard house caunot contain them, I have
therefore thought it advisable to send those already tried to be
confined in Kingston jail, together v^ith Cadwallader Golden, Esq.
who stands charged w^ith the like offence, as will appear by the
examination of Jacob Davis, taken before the chairman of the
committee of Shawangonk, and now transmitted to you by Lieut.
Rose, who has the care of the prisoners. One of the prisoners
tells that Doctor Crussem and one Low w^as left behind their
party in the Clove near Kyserj^ck, at a little house there, on
account of Low's being lame, and the doctor to take care of him.
They ought, in my opinion, to be hunted up immediately. The
prisoners, except Mr. Colden, w-ho are not yet tried, I mean to
keep confined at this place for trial. Mr. Colden I have thought
best to send forward, as it might not be prudent to keep him con-
fined at this post, for many reasons.
I am, your most obedt. servt.
Geo. Clinton.
To the President of the Convention
of the State of New-York.
[No. 477.]
RUNNING DOWN TRAITORS.
Resolutions of the Convention for Guarding Traitors after Capture.
In Convention of the Representatives of the State of
New York, Kingston May 2d 1777.
WHEREAS, a Number of Artful and designing Persons in
every County within this State are daily Endeavouring by Ex-
agerating acco'ts of the Power of the Enemy, and other Wicked
and inimical Practices to work upon the fears of weak and timid
Persons, and to betray the liberty of their Country, therefore,
50
786 Public Papers of George Clinton.
EE SOLVED, that a Committee be appointed to prepare any
two, or more of the Vessells now lying in Hudson's Kiver for the
Eeeeption of such persons as may be sent thereto; and that Capts.
Benson & Castle, or either of them, be directed to see the said
Vessels properly guarded by the Privateers of which they have
the Command, and that they suffer no Person to go on Board the
said Vessels, who is not properly authorized thereto.
KESOLVED, that the Commissioners for detecting & defeating
Conspiracies &ca. be directed to cause to be apprehended such of
the Persons in such County whose Characters are suspicious, and
who by their Influence in the County in which they reside may be
supposed dangerous to this State, and sent them on Board of the
said Vessels, Appointing a Commissary to provide them with Pro-
visions at their own Expence;
RESOLVED, that every Person who shall be found on Shore
after having been confined on board of the said Vessels or either
of them, without being properly discharged, shall be deemed
guilty of felony without Benefit of Clergy, and on Conviction be-
fore the said Commissioners, who are hereby directed and em-
powered to issue a Summons to the Sheriff, or other Officer to
empanel a Jury for their Tryal, shall be immediately Executed.
RESOLVED that this Convention will defray the Expence of
attending the procuring of fitting the said Vessels.
Extract from the Minutes.
Robt. Benson, Secry.
[No. 478.]
John Jones ashs George Clinton for a Pass to go to Kingston.
Sir,
My servant waits on you with a letter which was enclosed to
me some days past from Esopus, but as I was abroad & did not
Public Papers of George Clinton. 787
return till the day before yesterday it had not been forwarded to
you sooner. As T intend to set out for Kingston on Monday I
shall be under the necessity of procuring a pass to prevent any
interruption & beg you will be so obliging as to favor me with
one & any commands you may have for that place.
If you have recieved any authentic accts. of the affair at Dan-
bury a line or two of intelligence woud be very agreeable. I beg
your pardon for giving you this trouble & am Sir
Your Most Obed't Humble Serv't,
John Jones.
Mathewsfield May 2d 1777.
Oeneral G. Clinton.
[No. 479.]
Engineer MacJiin Reports to George Clinton that He has sent a
Detachment to Intercept a Party of Tories.
To Brig'r Genl, George Clinton.
D'r Sir,
I have Just Received a verbal Intilligant from Maj'r Duboice,
thaf one hundred and fifty six Torys are on their March to the
enemy and are now at Little Britian. Have Just Marched fifty
of our men to meet them by his Request. I hope we shall be
able to Giv a Good Acount of them before the enter the High-
lands but let that be as it will it Cannot be wrong to man som
Contigus Defiles at or near the furnice.
I am De'r Sir your Most Hum'le Sarv't,
Thos. Machin.
Cove 2 May 1777.
To the Honourable Brig'r Genl. George Clinton at Fort Mont-
gomery.
788 Public Papers of George Clinton.
[No. 480.] ;
The Case of Tunis Van Vliet.
New Paltz May 2d 177T.
Sir,
The Design of Sending you the Inclosed Examinations, is to
make it appear, that Tennis Van Vliet (who was sent to Fort
Montgomery yesterday by the Committee of the Precinot of
Shawangonk), did not alarm the Ganrd Directly after he came
from his Post, unless it took him as long time to go about one
hundred and fifty Yards, as it did the Tories to Cross the Walkiiy
with a Prisoner and let him go on that side and go Half a Mile,
as may appear by the Shouts he heard.
With the Greatest Esteem Sir I Remain your most Dutiful Friend
to Serve
Corn'ls E. Schoonmaker.
(To G. C.) ,
[No. 481.]
Robert Boyd Denounces George Tongue, a Tory.
New Windsor 3d May 1777.
D'r Genl.,
You'll herewith receive a certain George Tongue who it seems
informed Genl. James that he was aquainted with me as you'll"
percive by the inclosed paper Sent me Pr the guard by your
Broth'r.
I have no knoledge of the Man save that I think I have seen
him among Capt. De Witt's Rangers when Stationed at New
Windsor. He informs me he hath two Sisters lives at or near
Peeks Kill, which he was Journeying to see when apprehinded
by' the Guard, but from the Character that Major Taylor gives
of him last Winter (with which the Major informs me you are
Public Papers of George Clinton, 789
•aquainted), I rather think his design was to pass boldly below
all our guards in order to Joyn the Enemy. Therfore, thought
proper to comply with the hint given by your Broth'r and now
send him to your care and Management, under a guard com-
manded by Sergt. Davis who I hope will conduct him safe.
I also send you a Letter from Coll. Hughes concerning my
Bro'r Sam'l, who is a private in Capt. Lee's Comp'y. I beg if
he possabl}'' can be spared to let him come up Immediately, as
the Carpenters are Idle at Wappings Creek for want of nails.
Sam is pretty well aquainted with that branch and will answer
^ Valueable purpose to us at this Juncture.
From your Hum'e Serv't,
Robt. Boyd, Jun'r
Pray let the Sergant have the necessary certificate for his de-
livery of the Prisoner that the guard recive their pay. Two
scows lanched yesterday at Wappings Creek which suppose you
may have for sending for.
Yours &c.
R. B.
<To-G. 0.)
[No. 482.]
THE CONVENTION ACTS PROMPTLY.
And Approves the Sentences of the Counts Martial toith One
Exception.
In Convention of the Representatives of the State of New York.
Kingston May 3d 1777.
A Letter from General George Clinton, dated at Fort Mont-
gomerie, the Second Instant, enclosing the Proceedings of a
<jeneral Court Martial held at Fort Montgomerie, April the thir-
790 Public Papers of George Clinton.
tieth & the first day of May, for the tryal of Jack, a negro man,
Slave of Gysbert Eosa, charged with levying War against the
State of New York within the same, with being an enlisted
Soldier in the Service of the King of Great Britain, William Mc
Ginnis, charged with levying War against the State of New York
with being adherent to the King of Great Britain & with being
an enlisted Soldier in the Service of the King of Great Britain
when owing Allegiance to the State of New York; John Van
Vliet, charged with the like Crimes; Cornelius Fuler charged with
the like Crimes; William Teets, charged with the like Crimes;
Coenraadt Mysener, charged with the like Crimes; Andriea
Keyser, charged with the like Crimes; John Kapalje, charged
with the like Crimes; Silvester Van Der Marken, charged with
the like Crimes; Jacobus Kosa, charged with the like Crimes as
well as that of enlisting men in the Service of the King of Great
Britain; Jacob Middagh, charged with the like Crimes, except-
ing that of enlisting men in the Service of the King of Great
Britain; Jacobus Longyou, charged with the like Crimes;
Henry Crispall, charged with the like Crimes; Alexander
Campble, charged with holding Correspondence with the
Enemies of the American States giving them Intelligence &
adhering to and giving them Aid & Comfort & Secreting them;
Arthur McKinny, charged with the like Crimes, excepting that of
Secreting them; Isaac Lockwood, charged with attempting to
join the Enemy; Silas Gardner, charged with levying War
against the United States of America, holding Correspondence
& assisting the Enemies of the said States; & Daniel Reynolds &
Peter Aldrige charged with Harbouring the Enemies of the
United States were respectively read.
Public Papers of George Clinton. 791
The said Proceedings being again read it appears that the said
Jack, the negro man, Slave of Gysbert Rose, Daniel Reynolds &
Peter Aldrige were by the said Court Martial acquitted of the
Charges brought against them respectively & that the said
Hendrick Crispell, was excused from a Trial on the said Charges,
in order that he might be made us of as an Evidence on behalf
of the State against other Criminals brought before the said
Court. That John Van Vliet, William McGinnis, Cornelius Fur-
ler, William Teets, Coenradt Mysener, Andries Keyser, John
Rapelje, Silvester Van der Mercken, Jacobus Rosa, Jacob Mid-
dagh. Jacobus Longyou, Alexander Campbell, Arthur McKenny
& Silas Gardener, are by the said Court Martiall adjudged guilty
of the Crimes wherewith they severally stood charged, &
Sentenced to be hanged by the Neck till they be dead. And that
the said Isaac Lockwood, be close confined in a Common Goal
during the present War with the King of Great Britain or until!
he shall be discharged by proper Authority.
The said Proceedings with the Acquitals & Sentences being
maturely considered and the Question put on each of them, re-
spectively, Whether the Convention doth approve of the Conduct
of the said Court Martial in the Acquittals & Sentences above
mentioned, it was carried in the affirmative, except in the Case
of Alexander Campbell which was carried in the negative.
Jacobus Longyou & Cornelius Furler being Tenants for Life on
Lands of Mr. Robert R. Livingston, he was excused from voting
on their Cases.
Thereupon, Resolved, that this Convention doth approve of
the Conduct of the said Court Martial in their several & respec-
tive acquittals & Sentences aforesaid against the above men-
tioned Criminals respectively (except in the Case of the said Alex-
792 Public Papers of George Clinton,
ander Campbell whose Sentence is hereby reversed) and that the
same be & hereby are Confirmed.
And, Whereas, this Convention think it their Duty in some
Cases by extending mercy to mitigate the Kigor of Justice and
the said William Teets, being by the said Court Martial recom-
mended as a proper object of mercy, in Consideration of his ex-
tream youth & it appearing that he has been deluded, his severe
compunction for his Crimes & his apparent Ignorance,
It is, therefore, Eesolved, that the President do issue a Pardon
to the said William Teets in the name & by the Authority of
this Convention of the Crimes whereof he has been Convicted
as aforesaid.
And, whereas, the said Hendrick Crispell, was by the said
Court Martial excused from a Tryal of the Crimes whereof he
stood charged before the said Court Martial, in order that he
might be made use of as a Witness against other Criminals
brought before the said Court, therefore, Eesolved, that the
President do issue a Pardon to the said Hendrick Crispell in the
name & by the authority of this Convention of the Crimes whereof
he stood charged as aforesaid.
Resolved, that General George Clinton be requested to cause
the said Persons to be executed at such Places as he in his Dis-
cretion shall think proper.
Extract from the Minutes.
Robt. Benson, Secry.
[No. 483.]
The Formal Pardmi of Hendrick Crispell.
To all to whom these Presents shall or may come.
I Abraham Ten Broeck Esquire President of the Convention of
the State of New York send Greeting:
Public Papers of George Clinton. 793
KNOW YE that Whereas, Hendrick Crispell, an Inhabitant
of the said State was on the 30th Day of April last past, bro't
before a general Court Martial held on the said Day at Fort
Montgomerie, in the County of Orange, charged with levying
War against the said State within the same, with being adherent
to the King of Great Britain and with having enlisted in the
Service of the said King, whilst owing allegiance to the said
State of New York, and who was excused from a Tryal on the
said Charges of the Crimes aforesaid by the said Court Martial,
in order that he might be made use of as a Witness against other
Criminals bro't before the said Court, And whereas the said
Convention have this Day resolved to pardon the said Hendrick
Crispell of the Crimes wherewith he stood charged as aforesaid,
which said Pardon they have directed me to issue, NOW there-
fore I the said Abraham Ten Broeck in the name and by the
Authority of the People of the State of New York & of the Con-
vention of the said State do by these Presents fully and freely
remit and Pardon unto the said Hendrick Crispell the Crimes
whereof he stood charged as aforesaid. IN WITNESS whereof
I have hereunto set my Hand in Convention at Kingston in the
County of Ulster this third Day of May in the year of our Lord
one thousand seven hundred and seventy seven.
By order.
Ab'm Ten Broeck, President.
By order of his Honor.
Eobt. Benson Secry.
[No. 484]
Extract from Testimony tefore Court Martial in Frcligh's Case.
May 3, 1777.
Samuel Freligh was brought before the Court on 4 Charges;
1st for levying warr against the United States of America; 2dly
for being an Inlisted Soldier in the Service of the King of Great
Britain; 3dly for Inlisting men in the Service of said King & 4th
794 Public Papers of George Clinton.
for aiding assisting giving Comfort and being adherent to the
Enemies of the State of New York while owing allegience to
said State.
The Prisoner Confesses that James Jones & Silas Prumpore
told him that he would get Work at his Trade in New York, that
he was a Wheelwright, that he agreed to go to New York; accord-
ingly set out to go; that he came to James Jones's House, and a
man with a Blind left Eye was Setting in the House; that he had
on a Speckled under Jackoat, Brown Surtoiut Coat, Blue wooling
Stockings & Strings in his Shoes; that he asked Jones where
that fellow Came from; that he told Jones he was afraid that
man wo'uld Discover them; that Jones told him that he did not
know him ; that then he, Jones and the one Eyed man, set out to-
gether in Company; as they were going along he (the Prisoner)
ajsked the one Eyed man what his name was, but the man would
not tell him but told him he came from the Mohake River thro'
Albany where he Passed for a Shoe maker; that the one Eyed
man had a Bundle of Letters with him; that the one (eyed) man
was about five feet ten Inches high; that said man told him
he heard the Regulars were across the Lake and that the Endians
were to come down; that one Butler v^^as the head of them; that
they all stopt at a mill at night and set out next morning; at noon
came to a house in the Woods where they got a man who Piloted
them over a Creek (the name of the Place he thinks was Hurly),
and went on with them farther till night, where they all laid
down in the Woods all night, and in the morning one Jacobus
Seeny with a thick man came to them but went av>'^ay again; that
they stayed at that place all day; that at night said Seeny Came
to them again with six or seven more men; that then they all
set out together to William Woods House, where they met Rose
Public Papers of George Clinton. 795
and his Party, where they stayed till next night, when Rose
Brought another Party to them; that thej stayed that night at
Woods and in the morning set out till they came to a House
where Rose called the men in to take down their names, that
they all gave in their names but him and James Jones; that the
man that wrote down their names was a schoolmaster; that he
thought it was a Pistol that Trawilliger was shot with; that they
came to Alexander Campbell's; that then he, Jones, and the one
Eyed man went and set under an apple Tree; that the one Eyed
man left them there; that he saw Campbell come to the one Eyed
man and took him with him to his house; that then he & Jones
went into McKinny's Barn where Rose and his Party lay all
night; and that he eat suppaan & milch in McKnny's Barn; that
he left Rose & his Party in McKinny's Barn with an intent to go
home; that being afraid of being taken up he resolved to pass for
a Tradesman, accordingly applied for work at one Mr. Pecks
where he Passed for a weaver, but could get no work there for
the want of a loom; that he then went & met a man & a Boy with
a waggon, who asked him where he was going & he told them to
look for w^ork; then went on & w^as going past the Widow Gra-
ham's House when Lieutenant Clarke, an ofiScer, called to him &
he went in, & there inlisted with said Clarke in the Continental
Service.
A true Copy of part of the proceedings of a Court Martial held
at Fort Montgomery, on the third Day of May Instant, by adjourn-
ment from the day proceeding, with a Copy signed Lewis Duboys,
Coll. President, Capt. Henry Godwin, Judge Advocate — by me
May 28th 1777.
John McKesson, Secry. to the Council of
Safety for the State of N. York.
796 Public Papers of George Clinton,
[No. 485.]
GEN. CLINTON AND TORIES.
Ee Recommends Active Measures Should Be Prosecuted to Break
Up These Banditti.
Fort Montgomery 4th May 1777»
D'r Sir,
Inclosed T send you a List* of the Traitors who were going t»
Join our Common Enemy in New York under the Directions of
Jacobus Rose together with a List of the Names of Persons who
have knowingly aided & abetted them. On the List I have noted
such as we have taken, the others are yet missing and as I have
Reason to believe that not more than five, if iSo many of them, were
killed, the Rest must yet be lurking' about in the Country, and
as it is essential to the Internal Peace & safety of the Country
that this wicked Banditi shoud be intirely broke up, I think too
much Pains cannot be taken to apprehend or destroy them. I
have Parties out after them under vigillent Officers who I am
sure will exert themselves, but as I was not able when they went
off to furnish them with a List of the Offenders' Names, many of
them from this Reason may escape, as the Officers will not know
which Route to take or who in particular to direct their In-
quiries after. An Officer with a Party came in this Morning
from Coxsing with Eight Persons chiefly Accomplices, two only
being of Roosa's Company & one of those is Cornelius Samons, who
I am informed was released on Consideration of his having been
taken & forced along by Roosa & his Giving Information against
the Rest. My Officer was sent out before I received his Examina-
tion taken before Convention & had particular & positive Orders
to take Samons & others; he thought it, therefore, his Duty to-
*List not found.
Public Papers op George Clinton. 797
Obey his Orders & therefore, took & brought him here with other
Prisoners; and, as I find in his Examination before Convention
he has concealed Matters of much Importance of which he must
have had Knowledge & that a great Part of his Eelation is false,
I hope, therefore, as well my Ofiicer who took as myself, if I keep
him inCustody till he learns to speak the wholeTruth or I receive
Contrary Directions from Convention*, will stand Justified*
your Honorable House especially as I flatter myself that my Con-
duct will not by any be imputed to want of due Respect to their
Authority.
I woud only add that the Evidence against Mr. Colden is but
hearsay & had it not been coroborated by many other Circum-
stances & the Suspicions & Resentment of the Country so strong
against him, as in my Opinion to render him very unsafe I don't
know that T shoud have had any Thing to do with him as (tho
taken & brought to this Post); I understood he was Prisoner to
Convention on Parole & Confined to his own Farm where, tho I
am sure it was not so thought by Convention, he can do more
Mischief than if he was with General Howe or any where else.
I have Reason to believe he did not actually see or assist Roosa
^ his Party, at the same Time I am almost confident that the
Person said to be a Regular Ofiicer in the Examinations &
charged with Expresses for Genl. Howe was at his House, that
he advised him what Route to take to evade our Guards & that
through his Aid & Advice that Dangerous Person has got clear.
Indeed some Expressions which Mr. Colden inadvertantly let fall
at Fort Montgomery confirms me in this Belief, & I dare say if
charged closely Home with that Ofi^ence he will not dare to deny
it. Sammons' story begins to differ already from what he told
*Word omitted.
798 Public Papers op George Clinton.
Gonvention & he is very Desireous of inlisttng in our Service.
I am with much Esteem,
your M st Obed't Serv'l",
Geo, Clinton.
To the Honble President of the
Convention of the State of New York.
P. S. — Since I wrote the above I rec'd a Letter from Colo.
Cooper of which I inclose a Copy. It is out of my Power to give
him any Eeinforcement from this Post as we are already much
to weak in my Opinion. I have sent the Letter to my Brother
who this Day set out from this for Home in order to prepare to
go Rammepough &, take the Command of the few Men we have
there. I have advised him to forward the Letter to the Colos. of
the Regiments in Orange that they may at least stand in Readi-
ness to meet the Enemy & to march a Part of them if he can
to reinforce Colo, Cooper.
[No. 486.]
NECESSITY FOR AN ENGINEER OFFICE.
Defences at the Highlands Handicapped for Want of Teams and
Food.
Peeks Kill 5th May 1777.
D'r Sir,
I receved your favor of To-day. I have no objection to the
person you mention to be appointed a Conductor. I did order
your Post to be supplied with six months' provisions; but do
not see any prospect of it being accomplished, altho it is some
time I gave the order. Inclosed I send you a Letter of
the General's, time will not permit me to take a Copy of it, which
I beg you to do. And send that or the original down.
I am in Haste your Humble Servant,
Alex'r McDougall.
General George Clinton. ,
Public Papers op George Clinton. 799
The public Works carrying on at this Post are greatly retarded
for want of a proper Number of Teems & the few that are em-
ployed turn out so late every Morning & quit Work so early in
the afternoon that one half of their Time is thereby lost. The
Deputy Quarter Master is, therefore, hereby ordered to cause
the Teems employed by him to be out by six o'Clock every Morn-
ing & continue at Work till sundown allowing proper Time for
Baiting at Noon. And the Officers on Fateigue are strictly
charged to see that the Teems are faithfully kep at Work & if
they meet with any of the Carts or sleighs not sufficiently loaded,
they are to confine the Teemster that he may be punished & a
proper Deduction made from his Pay.
It is absolutely necessary for want of an Engineer that some
Particular Officer shoud attend the Works erecting at this Post
every Day who is acquainted with the Manner in which they are
to be Compleated that he may give the necessary Directions con-
cerning the same. For this Purpose Captains Clarke, Gillespy
are appointed, & it is expected that one of those
Gentlemen will give their attendance Daily with the Different
Working Parties who are to follow the Orders & Directions of
those Gentlemen & the De'y Quarter Master is to deliver the
necessary Tools & furnish Teems upon their or either of their
Orders taking the proper Keceipts.
It is once more repeated that Furlows, or according to the
Modern Term, Leave of Absence, is contrary to the most express
& positive Orders from his Excellency Genl. Washington of which
the Gentlemen Officers will take proper Notice as every Trans-
gression against this Order with the Name of the Transgressor
will, in future, be faithfully reported to Head Quarters with the
Weekly Returns.
(G. C).
800 Public Papers of George Clinton.
[No. 487.]
Capt. Hardenhergh Makes a Report to Gen. Clinton of His Search for
Tories.
1777, May 5tli, New Paltz.
Sir,
According to your order I arrived at my house on Satyrday
Evening and Got all the men I Could Git and Sunday went in
persuit after those persons which you ordered, and sarched True
the mountains all Day till four a Clock in the after Noon, and
then found two men under a Grait Eock in the s'd mountains
and Took them; and thay Told me that they been with Leut.
Rose, and Told me thair names was James Marricle and John
Stokes and thay Told me thay Did not now of any more men
being thair for they Had only been thair but two Days, and I
then sent them with a Gard, to one Osterouts and I then went
with the Rest of my men in a nother mountain In order to find
the Docter and Louw Till most night and being much tyrd we
Con eluded to quit sarchin till naxt Day and then to Go to a
nother mountain; and then we Hard two Guns fired which we
supposd was a nother party which went out with Capt. Broad-
head ; we -then went to Broadhead's party and they had found
the Doctor and John Low wand Edward Wood which Capt. Broad-
hed told me thay had found under a Rock in a nother mountain,
which we then secured, and by Exemining The said prisoners.
They Told that they Got provision of old Edward Wood; and, we
Took him; and that same night Crossed the mountains till the
widow Dubois and thair Remained till Monday morning and then
sent them with a Gard to Port Montgumry. I Like wise send
you a paper which we found in the Dockter's Pocked which I
took to be a Journel and Like wise the names of the prisoners,
Public Papers of George Clinton. SOL
and as I Could not wall Come this Day I Exspect to Come a
Tuesday or Wadnisday.
John A Hardenbergh, Capt.
To Genl. George Clinton, at Fort Montgomery.
[No. 488.]
MARAUDERS IN WESTCHESTER COUNTY.
General Clinton Requested to Give Protection to the Town of Bed-
ford Against Rogers^ Rangers.
To the Hon'le General Georg Clinton,
Commander in Chief of the Melitiaof Westchester County, &c. &c.
We your Honours Petioners the Comittee of Bedford, Humbly
Sheweth that Bedford is now Becom a frontier against the Enemy
in Said County towards New York and towards the North Rivers
and theDraftsfrom theMellitia that you ordered out for wise Ends
are Stationed Sixteen Miles below us and not Being now Likely
to be Numerous Enough to Streachfrom River to River and which
Rivers the Enemies are Masters, and there being a Sertain Com-
pany of Robers, otherwise Called Rogers Rangers, that keep Con-
seald in Parts of North Castle & Cortlandt Maner; Hardly a
Night Pases but there is Some Roberies Comitted or Some of
our Good men Captivated and Draged in a most Barberous maner
to the Enemy; our Remaining Mellitia has Been Obliged for
Some time to watch Every Night of which. Considering the
Season of the year for Labour and Scarsity of Labourers, they
are much fetigued with s'd Dutty; therefore, and for the Safty
of the town and the Good People which have taken Refuge here,
we, your Petioners, humbly Pray that a Number of the Late
51
802 Public Papers of George Clinton.
Drafts of about forty men, Including a Non Commissioner
Comanded by two Viglant oficers Be Stationed in and about
Bedford to Gaurd this Place and Detect those Robers; and in
the mean time, Your Petioners will Ever Pray for your Honour
in the Execution of the Great and Difficult task Comitted to
your Care.
Bedford 9th May 1777.
Signed by Order of the Comittee,
Eben'r Ward, Chairman.
To B. General Clinton.
[No. 489.]
A Resolution Against Traitors.
In Convention of the Representatives of the State of
New York. Kingston May 5th 1777.
RESOLVED that the Committees of the Counties of Albany,
Tryon, Charlotte, Cumberland, Gloucester, Ulster & Orange be
requested & empowered to take the most effectual Measures to
prevent, suppress and quell, all Insurrections, Revolts and Disaf-
fection within their respective Counties ; that they be empowered
to call out the Militia of their respective Counties, and that they
cause all such traitorous Inhabitants of this State as shall be
found in arms against the authority of the same, to be destroyed
or otherwise effectually secured. And that this Convention will
defray the Expence of executing the above Resolve.
Extract from the Minutes.
Robt. Benson, Secry.
Public Papers of Gteorge Clinton. 803
[No. 490.]
JOHN STRATEN'S UNIQUE SENTENCE.
Following an Investigation into a Bohhery in Hinsdale in the
Present Columbia County.
Hinsdale May ye Ttli 1778.*
At A special Meeting of the Committees of Hinsdale and Guil-
ford in order to find ont who had broke open the Granery of
Samuel Straten and Stole the town Store of powder and Lead, there
where presint of the Committee of Hinsdale, Coll. Elezer Pater-
son, Capt. Joseph Stebins, Capt. Olaando Bridgeman, Moses How
and Gad Wait of Guilford ; Capt. Hezekiah Stowel, Joseph Eliot
and Henry Sherburne. Coll. Paterson was Chosen Chairman
and Henry Sherburne Clark; the Committee proceed to business.
Jonnathan Right, prisenor brought before the Committee and
Examined Conserning his Lurking about in A Clandistine forme
and Conserning s'd powder and Lead being Stole, he Refuseth
to give any satisfaction to the Committee.
Ruth Straten and Roxey Straten being sited as Evidence
against him; Ruth Straten being sworn, saith that she knows
Nothing of the powder and Lead, but has Reason to think that
Jonnathan Righte had bin About their House by Missing A
Blanket and A Melting Ladell and then Refuseth to give the
Committee aney further satisfaction Conserning Jonnathan
Rite, but finaley says that she had got him no Vituals and that
the s'd Right had not bin at their House since some time Last
winter.
Roxey Straten being sw^orn and saith not.
Lieut. Samuel Straten being brought before the Committee
and Examined Conserning the town store of powder and Lead
♦This document, by its date, has been misplaced by the original editor of the MSS,
As it is unimportant the present editor has allowed it to stand, rather than break the
sequence. See page 810 et seq.
804 Public Papers of George Clinton.
depossited in his hands by order of the Committee; S'd Straten
owns to have had the powder and Lead in his Costody, but saith
that on the 3d day of May at night, his Grainerey was broke
open and the s'd stores stolen out, but he can give no further
account about it.
Roxey Straten being called to Evidence against hur farther
and Refuseth, stands Commited untill she will take the oath.
John Straten being sworn against his farther in full terms
saith he knows not.
Roxey Straten Consenth to take the oath and being sworn,
says she knows nothing direct or indirect about it.
Hezekiah Elmer being sworn declares as above mentioned.
The Committee adjourned till to morrow at 8 o'Clock. Fryday
May ye 8th.
The Committee Met at the time adjourned to. Jonnathan
Righte the prisenor Desiers to have the Liberty of being A
States Evidence; the Committee agree to Let him turn States
Evidence, provided that he Could prove by good surcumstance
what he should Evidence to. S'd Righte being duly sworn saith,
that he with Eljah Elmer who had bin A prisener with him did
go and brake open s'd grainerey and steal away the affore S'd
powder and Lead, and that theay had Carried it acrost the River
and hid it in the Bushes; the deponent saith that the afore
mentioned John Straten, was privey to their taking it and that
the s'd John had put it handey in the store for them to get.
John Straten Brought Before the Committee pleads Ignorance
and says that he did not Consider the Consequence of an oath,
but freley ackoledgs what the states Evidence had sworn against
him to be true and Begs Mercy of God and throws himselfe on
the Mercy of the Committee.
Public Papers of George Clinton. 805
The Committee taking the mater into due Consideration, Re-
solved that the s'd John Straten shall pay all Coast that had
accrued upon this account and Restore four fould to the town
of Hinsdale, and pay A fine of one hundred pound to the State
of New York, and to be disarmed, and to be Confined to his
farther's farm the space of one whole year, with his farther
giving A Bond of one thousand pound for the true Compliance
of Confinement. He is allowed to attend publick worship on
Sabbath days to attend furnels upon Extroadeney occations he
may go of s'd farm by procureing A pass from the Committee
of s'd town.
Resolved that the above be transmitted to his Exelency
Govenor Clinton of the State of Newyork.
pr order of the Committee.
By Henry Sherburne Clark.
806
Public Papers of George Clinton.
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808 Public Papers of George Clinton.
[No. 493.]
GEN. CLINTON RESIGNS FROM THE MILITIA.
Because of Appointment in the Continental Army— Affairs on the
Hudson.
Fort Montgoniiery 9th Miay 1777.
D'rSir,
Inolosed I transmit to Convention the further Proceedings of
the General Court Martial, held at this Place for the Tryal of
several Persons charged with Treason against the State; Orders
foT Lieut. Ciolo. Hoiornbeek to cause those already sentenced &
whose Sentences are approved by Convention, as well those who
are tried & convicted & whose Sentences shall hereafter be so
approved to be executed, together with an Extract* of a Letter
which I yesterday received from his Excellency Genl. Washing-
ton.
I also send the Prisoners now tried, to Kingston under the
Care of a Guard commanded by Lieut. Post, the Bearer hereof,
to be confined or otherwise disposed of as the Honble the Oon-
vention shall think proper to direct. It being by no means pru-
dent to keep such a Numiber of State Prisoners at this Place;
Doctor Ansom & Robert Gilmore, charged with Treason remain
*May 7, 1777, Washington from his headquarters at Morristown, N. J., wrote Gen.
McDougall:
" The imperfect state of the fortifications of Fort Montgomery, gives mc great
uneasiness, because I think from a concurrence of circumstances, that it begins to
look as if the enemy intended to turn their view towards the North River, instead of
the Delaware. I therefore, desire, that General George Clinton and yourself will fall
upon every modsiire to put the fortifications in such a state, that they may at least
resist a sudden attack, and keep the enemy employed, till reinforcements may arrive.
If the North River is their object, they cannot accomplish it unless they withdraw
their forces from Jersey, and that they cannot do unknown to us. Your present force
is fully sufiicient to oppose any body of men, that can be sent against you, previous to
the calling the detachments from Jersey and Rhode Island."
Three days later, Washington wrote to the President of Congress:
" Hudson's River and the passes in the Highlands I always considered as objects of
great importance and, accordingly, have provided for their security in the best manner
my judgment would direct and the circumstances of the army admit. If they are less
secure than we wish them to be, it is owing to our inability and not to inattention."
Public Papers of George Clinton. 809
yet in Oustody here, untried by Reason of the Non attendance
of the Witnesses against them.
We are extreamly Weak at this Post by this Bay's Return;
the Grarrison conisists of 536 Rank & file only, & a Oomipany of
Artillery consisting of 35, Officers included, which is not two
artillery Men to a Gun; and I find we are daily growing Weaker.
The Resolye of Conyention in favour of the 5 New York Regi-
ments *
Add to this Of late the Artillery Officers from all Quarters
recruit at this Place who (if I am rightly informed) [promise]
those who inlist with them an exemption for two of their Friends
from whom they are at Liberty to take Money, from Militia Duty
pretend they have orders so; by this Means they have great suc-
<^ess, while the Officers of the other Corps who dare not venture
to give such Encouragement cant enlist a single Man.
I wish as much as any Man to encourage the recruiting Ser-
vice & particularly for the Train, as Artillery are at present
miost wanted, but I am sure unless some Grenl. & equal Rule is
established, by which all Recruiting Officers are to be governed,
you will never fill your Regiments & nothing but Confusion &
Anomosity between Officers of Different Corps will be the Con-
sequence; twelve Men enlisted yesterday on these Terms in the
Artillery seven of whom with an Officer stationed at Chattam.
As my Brother is ordered from this Post on other Duty, I am
now oblidged to be constantly at this Post, and Consequently can
give little or no Attention to the Business of obstructing the Navi-
gation of Hudson's River near Polepen's Island, which I fear will
thereiby suffer. For many other Reasons as well as that arising
from my Appointment in the Continental Army, lead me to wish
to have no further Command in the Militia. I, therefore^ beg
♦The rest of this paragraph is scratched through with a pen.— State Historian.
810 Public Papers of George Clinton.
Leave to resign my Ooimmission as Brig'r Gepl. of the Oounties
of Ulster & Oipanige & that the Homorable the Convention will
b!e pleased to accept of this as my Resignation of the Command
to me thereby given, I am with much Eiespecit your moist
Oibed't Serv't,
G-eO'. Clinton.
I have been lately informed that the Militia in the Niorthern
Part of Ulster County who were out with me last Fall and Win-
ter have been paid by Order of Ciomvention on the Return & Cer-
tificates of their Captains only. I have taken great Pains to get
in Pay abstracts, properly attested, by the Officers for that Ser-
vlcie, that the Men might have no Reason to Complain, on the
one hand of being kep out of the Pay properly Due them, & on
the other that the Public might mot be deceived in paying those
who were not in the Service or having been there had mutinied
& deserted from it. And I believe those in Orange & the lower
End of Ulster are nearly Compleated. In this Way, I was in
hopes that the Service woud have been considered as a Contin-
ental! Expense & the state the Paymasters in the first Instance
only, but if Convention have adopted the iother Method in paying
a Part of the Militia I hope they will extend it tO' the whole,
as they have an Equal Right to expect it. I am; with much
Respect your Most Obed't Serv't,
Geo. Clinton.
To the President of Convention
[No. 494.]
The Hinsdale People Report and Appeal to Governor Clinton.
gir, (Dated 1778)*
Wee are under the Disagreebel Nessity of Informing your
Exelency, of an afl'air that Hapend in this town on the 3d Day
*Document dated May 9, 1778. See page 803. .,. , .
Public Papers op George Clinton. 811
of May, at Niglit; the store in which our powder and Lead was de-
possited was Broke open, and our store of powder and Lead stole^
which Gave Grate uneaseness to this and the Niebouring towns;
in this allarming sittivation w^e thought proper to set Gards at
severel places in this town in order to make some descoverey;
it Hapened on the 5tli day, at night, as A scouting party weare
Crossing Near the place Weare our stors Had bin stored, theay
discovered a man a sleep upon the bottom of A Hay stack who
theay Made A prisoner; upon Examination it proved to Be one
Jonnathan High; a- person innimical to the American Cause; Him
We seecured, and took one Elijah Elmer, A Correspondent of s'd
Whrights; he soon Maid His Escape from the Guards which maid
it dilficulte for us to make aneything oute against s'd Whright;
in this difScult surcumstance we thought proper to admit s'd
Whright to be an Evidence in behalfe of the states, as He Had
promised to bring oute the Whole matter, as He did Efecttually;
but Himself e and Elmer, that made His Escape, weare the
Villians that did the Fact, and John Straten being accessary
there to. Caused the punnishment to Center on s'd Straten; we
send your Excelency the proseedings of the Committee in the
Whole matter, and Desire your Exelencey approbation in the
matter and as we are destitue of the Laws of the state of New-
york, we desiare some directions from your Excelency or the
senate and assembeley How to pro seed in such matters for the
future.
Sir, as we are under dificultey in those uper Countys Con-
serning the Juridiction of Goverment, and are under the Censure
of A set of facttious and offishous peopel Who are trying to
Carry the Committee to Albaney to be tried by the Supreme Cort,
and the above mentioned Straten to be tried by A Cort mertial^
wich wod pro^e fatal for him and Very troublesome for the
812 Public Papers of George Clinton.
Committee, if your Exelencey should think what the Committee
Has done to be suffichent and according to true pollice, then we
pray for your Concurence with the above. Sined By ordor of the
Committee,
Henry Sherburne, ClarR.
to His Excelencey Gorge Clinton Esqr. Govener of the sate
Newyork.
Hinsdale in the County of Cumberland in X^^ State
of Newyork May ye 9th 1778.
[No. 495.]
The Conspiracy Commission and Their Need of a Guard.
Poughkeep'Sie — May 9th 1777.
Sir,
Fnora the inclosed Resoilution, youi will perceive the Conven-
tion have opened a new Scene of Business for Us and in order
effectually to execute it we have need of a proper Guard at this
Place.
Since the time of our Company expired (the 1st Inst.) we have
been almost destitute of a Guard, except a few Ptriends in the
Neighboiurhoiod, who voluntarily attended at Night, and notwith-
standing we have for some time been endeavouring to raise
another Company we fear we shall fail, the Bounties^ and En-
oouragements to enlist in the Continental Regiments or the three
Months Levies being so great^ as to prevent Men from, entering
into the Ranging Service.
We had at first intended to have sent for Belknap's Company
again, but as they cannot be spared from the Works without
great Inconvenience, we had determined to try some other Ex-
pedient.
Circular Letters have already been sent to the Commanding
OfiQcers of the Militia in this County, and to the Committees of
Public Papers of George Clinton. 813
Albany, Ulster & Orange Oounties to execute the Resolution;
and have no doubt that Numbers will be apprehended and sent
to be oonfined in this place til the Vessels are prepared to re-
ceive them; we have, therefore, ventured to detain a Lieut't with
abont 18 Privates of Ool. Graham's Regiment as a Guard to the
Goal til the Business can be accomplished.
We have taken this Step without Your previous Concurrence;
however, we were impelled by the most pressing Necessity, and
if you still disapprove of it, thtey shall be immediately sent for-
ward. Tho we imagine we shall not be able to compleat a rang-
ing Coimpany, yet we shall doiubtlesis have a few Recruits in a
Week or two and should be happy if you will indulge us
with this Party til that time. Yon will readily perceive we shall
if deprived of them be reduced to^ great DiflQculties while the
present Business is in hand.
Yon will please to keep the Contents of the Resolution
private. ,
We are with Respect your most obed't Serv'ts,
Egb't Benson
Peter Cantine, Ju'r.
Gen. Geo. Clinton. Oommiss'rs.
[No. 496.]
A Oarrison Court at Fort Montgomery.
Fort Montgomery 12th May 1777.
At A Garison Court Martial held this Day for the tryal of all
such Prisoners as may come Before them.
Ooll. Pawling, President.
Members.
Capt. Clark lieut. Snyder
Capt. Hawsbrook lieut. Brodhead
Lieut. Lawrence
Liieut. Sam'l Dodge Judge Advocate.
814 Public Papers of George Clinton.
The President and Memibers Being sworn Proceeded to tlie
Tryal of GreiOTge Tongue — ^Acoused for Letting a Boat gO' from tlie
wharf without Leave. Pleads Guilty.
Prisioner in his Defence, says that he was Ignorant of any
opdeTs to the Contrary; says that he Doeis not Riemember that
the Centrie gave him any Particular Onders Concerning the
Boats, Except one that Lay at the Dock which the Centrie told
him was the Gen's; Bay likewise that Serjt. Kendrick & Corpl.
W'andle Came and told Mm they were going tO' see if there was
any tories Medling with the Chain; (the Prisoner) says that he
thought he was Doing his duty not ha\^ng stood Oentrie but
onoe before.
The Court having Examind the above Do acquit him from the
Guard House. '
Serjt. Kendrick says that he Invited Corpl. Wendle to go
along with him and take a little Recreation acrost the River;
went Down to the wharf asked the Centrie for a Boat, the Cen-
trie (George Tongue) told Kendrick that his orders was tO' keep
the! iboat at the whart if being the Genls But the Boat the
other side of the Creek he had no ofbjection to his taking. Says
that he Did not know (Being an Orderly Serjt.) it was Contrary
to the Genl. Orders to take a boat from the wharf & that he
never knew to the Contrary but the Centries Leave was snffi-
cient. ' , ' '
The Oo'nrt Do Oentancie him to be fined one Doll.
Corpl. Jiohui Wendle Cionfined for taking a boat fnom the
wharf without Leave Pleads Not Guilty.
Says that Serjt. Kendrick asked him to go and see the Chain^
that he and Kendrick went to the Centrie and asked the Centrie
Public Papers op George Clinton. 815
for a Boat, the Centrie told him the Boat at the wharf they
shiould not have, But the Boat the other side of the Greek they
might ha^^e and welcome, for he had no Orders to the Gontrary;
they Accordinigly Gal I'd to some Boys that were in the Boat,
when they came the Prisoners (Kendrick & Wandle) set some
men acroisisi the Greek, and then Proceeded out of the Greek and
at the same time Left the Genl. Boat (as the Gentiiie told him)
at the wharf.
The Gourt Do sentance him to be fined one Dollar.
Wm. Bently Ghargied with gifting Drunk when on Guard
Pleads Not Guiilty.
Gapt. Stewart sworn says, that he was OflScer of the Guard
at the same time w^hen Bently was orderd on Centrie and that
he thinks he was Either Drunk or Mad, and that he would
Neither go on Centrie nor give up his arms and at the same time
used abusive Language.
Serjt. Tryon sworn says, that when Bently was orderd on
Centrie he wias very sulky and was Either Drunk or Mad & that
he throiw'd away his Pouch and Refused giving up his gun till he
thought Proper and that he uised abusive Language.
Prisoner in his Defence says that he was on guard and scouting
two nights Before and all the Liquor that he Drank was a mug
of Cyder and one gill of Bum Between two of them, and was
very isleejyy when the Serjt. Came to him and what !he said he
Oannot tell.
TTie Court are of Opiniion the s'd Prisoner was not Drunk,
therefore acquit him.
816
Public Papers of George Clinton.
[No. 497.]
Returns of Capt. Santford^s Company at Ramapo. May IS, 1777.
A Return of Cap't Santford's Company in Coll. — Regiment of
Continental Troops.
Comiss'd Officers
NON
CoMis'd
Rank & File
Alterations Since
Last Return
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Ramapough May 13, 1777.
Jolin Santford Capt.
[No. 498.]
Returns of Capt. WatMns' Company at Ramapo. — May 13, 1777.
A Return of Capt. John W. Watkins Company in one of the
Sixteen Additional Regiments in Continental service commanded
by Coll.—
CoMMissiON'D Officers
non commiss'd
Officers
Rank & File
Alteration Since
Last Return
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Public Papers op George Clinton.
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818 Public Papers of George Clinton.
[No. 500.]
Continuation of the Fort Montgomery Court Martial.
Fort Montgomery 13th May 1777.
Court Met according to adjournment.
Present — Colo. Pawling, President.
Members.
Capt. Clark Lieut Snyder
Capt. Hausbrook Lieut. S. Dodge
Lieut. Lawrence Lieut. Broadhead
James Fitz Gibbens Brought Before the Court for being Drunk
at Roll Call Pleads, Not Guilty
Adjutant D'Bois sworn says that he was Drunk Last Evening
at Roll Call and that he Reeled very much and Could not stand
still in the Rank.
This Court are of opinion that he is Guilty and Do Centence
him to Receive fifteen Lashes on his Bare Back.
Mascom Shay, Thos. Kent, Joab Andrews, Henry Wiltsey
Josiah Bugbee, & John Talada, Confined for absenting them-
selves from Duty Pleads, Guilty.
Mascom Shay «& Henry Wiltsey says that they was on Guard
ihe night Before, and that Capt. Sewart would not Let them go
to sleep — that they went in the Rocks Before the Guard house
and vvent to sleep that they Did not hear the Drum Beat.
Thos. Kent says that he was Just under the hill when he heard
the Drum Beat and he Came up as soon as he Could, and by that
lime the Battalion had Grounded thier arms and he was taken &
Conf'd.
Joab Andrews says he was on Guard the niglir Before and
went behind the Commissary's and took a nap and did not hear
.the Drum J^eat.
Public Papers of George Clinton. 819
Corp'i Josiah Bugbee and John Talada, says they was at work
for Lieu's Pawling & English, that they Did not brar the I>rum
by Eeason of thier Being gone to the wash woman for thier
Clothes.
The Court Do Cenlance Corp'i Bugbee to be Reduced to a
Private soldier and that, Mascom Shay Thos. Kent Jacob An-
drews, floury Wiltsey, & John Talada Be fined five shillings a
Piece.
John Lockwood, Jeremiah Briggs, Cornelius Van Der Barrak
Corp'i Robinson, Corp'i Willson & Daniel Egbert Confined for
Absenting themselves from Duty Pleads Guilty.
John Lockwood says he did not feel very well and Just lay
down and took a nap and Did not hear tlie Drum beat.
Jeremiah Briggs says he went to the washer woman's after his
Clothes and when he Came Back the men was out on Parade
and he did not think it v>'orth while to Come out on the Parade,
Cornelius V. Der Barrack says that he was on guard the
night Before and that he ask'd Liberty to go a fishing and Being
asleep amongst the Rocks Did not hear the Drum Beat.
Corp'i Robinson says a Relation of his Came from Morris
Town, that he had not seen him these five years that he and his
friend Join'd Choros's together and did not hear the Long Roll;
and Do Centance him to be Reduced to a Private soldier.
Corp'i Wilson says he was trying to Collect some old depts in
the Lower Barracks and Did not hear the Drum beat, Neither
Knew the men was on the Parade till it was tow Late.
This Court Do Centance him to be Reduced to a Private
Soldier.
Daniel Egbert says that he was on guard the niglit Before, that
he went Down Below the hill in the Rocks and went to sleep, that
820 Public Papers of George Clinton.
he Did not hear the Drum Beat. The Court q.re of opinion that
John Lockwood, Jeremiah Briggs, Cornelius V. D. Barck, Sc
Daniel Egbert Be fined 5 Each.
Court adjournd Untill 2 o'clock this afternoon.
Court Met. Present the President and Members.
John Brown Brought Before the Court for assisting a Prisoner
to Escape Pleads, Not Guilty. Evidence not appearing Prisoner
Return'd to Guard House.
Francis Ttirner Confined for offering to force a Centinel and
Disobeying Orders Pleads, Not Guilty.
Capt. Hamtramek sworn saith yesterday when A Sloop Came
up the River he (Capt. Ham'k) went upon the Batterie, and the
Prisoner attempted to Come on Likewise, and (Capt. Hamtra-
mack) ordered the Centrie to fix his Bayonet and Run him thro,
and when he saw the Centrie would not he push him (the Pris-
oner) off the Battery and orderd him to go to his Barracks. His
Reply was he would not.
This Court Do Centance him to Receive twenty Lashes on his
bare back, well laid on.
James Russel Confined for Getting Drunk and fighting Pleads,
Not Guilty.
Serjt. Levy Watson sworn says that the Evening Before when
they was going to bed he orderd the fifer to Blow out a Candle
that stood Burning (the Pris) said if he Did he would hit him a
kik and accordingly did. Serjt. Chamberlain got up soon after,
and Russle Lighted the Candle; after the fifer had blown it out
the Serjt. offerd to blow the Candle when Russle Hendred him
and struck him.
Prisoner's Defence says that he Don't know But Serjt. Cham'
Drank as much as he Did and that he (the Prisoner) and Cham-
berlain has Disputes very often.
Public Papers of George Clinton. 821
The Coiurt are of opinion that he is Guilty and that he be fined
two Dollars.
John Lo'vett Corp'l Brought Before thie Oo^urt for several
Abuses to Lieut. Brincklee Pleads, Not Guilty.
Lieut. Brincklee sworn, saith that yesterday when the Men
was tuirnd out on the Parade, Lovet's wife C^lld tO' him and
ask'd him if he would speak to the Coll. if he would Clear Lovet
from Duty, and she (Lovet's wife) said there was a Number of
offlcers that wanted work and would be glad if Lovet C'ould
woirk for them, and when he (Lieut. Brincklee) had got to the
Corner of the Genl. Garden, Lovet Damd his wife and said
she was a
David Smith sworn saith Lieut. Brinklee was going to the
Parade, Lovett's wife Call'd to him and Lieut. Brinklee went up
to her and said Lovet Damnd his Wife and Ask'd her whether
one Husband was not sufficient for her.
Wm. Halbert siworn saith Lieut. Brinklee was going to the
Parade when Lovett's wife Call'd to him, and what she said he
doies not know but Lovett Punched his wife with hisi gun and
he said he had Rather a Camp color man should speak to his
wife than an officer.
This Court finding s'd Lovett Not Guilty therefore Acquit him.
John Mintz was Bronght before the Court for striking and
abusing Joiseph V. Oert. Pleads, Guilty.
Josiah Comfort sworn says, that they was Playing Ball that
V. Oert took Mintz's Brother in the Collar and tore his shirt,
and a number of them took ean apart and the Prisoner took V.
Oert and led him away and told him if he would go away Peace-
bly they wonld not trouble him, and V. Oert Reply'd By God
you cant hurt me, and Emediately seized Mintz in the Collar
822 Public Papers of George Clinton.
and struck him and then Mintz struck s'd V Oert and knock'd
him Down and they Emediately Pull'd them apart.
Ppisoner saj^is that V. Oert struck his Brother first, and that
he took his Brother and V. Oert apart and V. Oert struck him
Before he (the Prisoner) struck V. Oert.
The Oourt thinks proper that John Mintz be fined five shillings.
Joseph V. Oert Brought Before the Court for strikinig & a'bus-
ing one of Capt. Gilespj^'s soMiers Pleads, Guilty.
Moses Gee swoirn saith they was all in Liquor and that V.
Oert opposed them in thier Eixercise and that somfeody struck
V. Oert Befor V. Oert struck, and then Gee went off to the Bar-
racks and took no more Notice of them.
This Court Do Centance him to be fined 8 shillings.
Court adjournd till tomorrow morning 10 O'Clock.
Court Met according tO' adjournment. Present the President
and Members.
Levi Pawling, President.
John Brown Brought Before the Court for assisting a Prisoner
to Escape Pleads, Not Guilty.
Ensign Weaver sworn saith when he came tO' the guard House
the Centrie told him there was one of the Prisoniers wanted to
Ease himself, and the Prisoner (John Brown) went with him,
after he Returnd the Centrie ask'd him where the Prisoner was ;
s'd Brown said the Prisoner had Come in, the Centrie told him
he had not then the Prisoner, John Brown Confes'd that he went
with him. to the Bar's, and the Prisoner Jump'd out of the Back
wiudow.
John Hosier, sworn saith that he was a Centrie at the Door at
that time he the Prisoner Came tO' him & ask'd himi whether
be might go out and Ease himiself, he told him he might go, if
Public Papers op George Clinton. 823
there would, one of the guard go with hiin; accordingly B went
wt him; some tame after Brown Came Back without the Prisoner
& he (Bosier) ask'd him where the Prisoner was, Brown said
his C'apt. Had Clear'd him^ and Desired Hosier not to say any-
thing to the Off's about it and then went and Crep away and
further says that the Prisoner had no Leave —
Prisoner's Defence says that he Understood By the Prisoner
that he had Leave to go and Eat his supper and while he was
in the Eooim Jump'd out of the Back window.
The Court Do find him Gruilty and Do Centance him to Keceive
fifty Lashes on his Bare Back well Laid on. '
James Steel Briought Before the Ck)iurt for Being Drunk on
the Parade at Exercise Pleads Not Guilty.
Adjutant D'Bois sworn sajio' that at the time of Exercise he
was so Drunk he Could not Exercise.
The Court Do Centance him to Receive fifteen Lashes on his
Bare Back.
Thois. Cox Brought Before the Court for absenting himself
from Roll Call Pleads, Guilty.
Prisoner's Defence says he had a violent Purging and one of
his Ribs he Believes is Broke, the Court thinks Proper that he
be fined five shilling.
John Haynes for Getting Drunk and absenting himself from
Roll Call Pleads, Guilty.
The Court Do Centance him to Receive Thirty Mne Lashes
on his Bare Back.
Court adjoum'd till tomorrow 2 o'clock.
Court Met acoording to adjournment.
Present the President & Members.
Isaac Danoldson, Jacob Craft & James Glaspy Brought Before
the Court for Being Drunk on Parade Pleads, Guilty.
824 Public Papers of George Clinton.
Isaac Danoldson says that it Being Pay Day lie thought to
Drink a trifle and it overcome him.
Jacob Craft says yesterday was Pay Day & he Drink'd a little
too much.
James Glaspy says the same as the other two.
The Court thinks Proper that the above three ibe fined five
shiiirs Each.
'Serjt. Joiseph Peiible Confined for Getting Drunk and not Being
Capable lof Duty Pleads, Not Guilty.
Adjutant D'Bois sworn says he was a go'od deal in Liquor and
not fit for Duty yesterday, and after he was in the guard House
he (the adju't) sent for the Eoll of the men & the Prisoner Re-
fused sending it; he (the adjt.) went Mm self for the Roll, the
Prisoiner said he had not it and after a while he isaid he would
not give it up unless he Could Come oiut and Call it himself, &
He (the adjt.) Demanded it again, when the Pris. offerd it to him,
and as he the adjt. was going to take it he flung it on the ground,
be the adjt. struck him and made him Pick it up and give it to the
Corpl.
This Court Do Centance him to be Reduced tO' a Private
soldier.
Levi Pawling, President.
This Court Do Recommend Masioom, Shay, Thos. Kent Joah
Andrews, Henry Wiltsey, John Talady, John Lockwood, Jereniiah
Briggs, Gorneliu'S V. Der Barrack, Danl. Egbert, John Minitz,
T!hos. Cox, Isaac Donaldson, Jaooh Craft and James Galespy,
to the Genl. as Persons of no Bad Oharecters, and Good soldiers;
therefore, Pray they May Be Acquitted.
Levi Pawling, President.
Public Papers of George Clinton.
825
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827
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828 Public Papers of George Clinton.
[No. 504.]
James Granfs Parole. — 3Iay 16, 1779 *
I, Jiamesi Grant, a Prisoner of War, to the State of New York,
having received his E^xcellency Governor Clinton's Permissioii
to go to the City of New York, to transact some Private Business
of my own cioncernmient, Do' promiise and engage on the Word
and Hionoir of a Gentleman, that I will not, during my stay at the
said City, or on my Journey going or returning, convey any
Intelligence oir say or do any Thing to^ the Prejudice of the
United States of America; and that I will at the expiration of
one month, return to my usual Place of Eesidence at Fredrioks-
bnrgh, in the County of Dutchess, and conformi in every R'especit
to the Tenor of my Parole; entered into before the Committee
of the late Cionvention of the State of New York, on the" fifth
Day of Feby. 1777. Witness my Hand this 16th Day of May 1779.
James Grant.
Test, Boibt. Benson.
Permisision is hereiby granted to James Grant, (if it meets with
the aipprolbaition of Major Genl. McDougal), to pass to the City
of New York & to return agreable to the above Parole.
[No. 505.]
General Clinton Notifies Deputy Quartermaster-General Hughes that
He Requires More Tools and a More Efficient Representative.
(May 19, 1777.)
Dear Sir,
Genls. Green & Knox, have lately heen sent up to this
Quarter by his Excellency Genl. Washington to take a View of
the several Posts & Passes in the Highlands and the Obstruc-
tions forming in the River. At this Post they have directed
♦This document is manifestly out of place. The original Editor has placed it among
the records of 1777, whereas the date is clearly 1779.— State Historian.
Public Papers of George Clinton. 829
such a number of aditional Works to be erected for its better
Defence on the Land Side, as will require great Labour to
execute by the Time they will be wanted if this season. This
oblidges me to call on your Department for a greater number
of Tools & Teems than we are now supplied with, & tho for the
Reasons you mentioned when I had the Pleasure of seeing you
last, It Is with Reluctance I Complain of Mr. Betts, yet the
public service realy requires a more Active Man at this Post;
perhaps & I doubt not he may answer at some other where he
may not be charged with the Chief management. Inclosed you
have a List* of the Tools I wish to have immediatly sent here, &
without which the Works must be greatly retarded. I am with
great Esteem '
your Obed't Serv't,
Greo. Clinton.
I woud oaly add that if instead of hiering the little dirty
Teems lof this Neighboiurhood, we might have six good ones
belonging to the public, it wooid be cheaper & they woud answer
our Purpose much better.
(To Col. Hughes.)
*100 Spades & Shovels.
40 Wheel & as many Hand barrows.
20 Crow Barrs
20 Sledges or Stone Hammers.
830
Public Papers of George Clinton.
[No. 506.]
Details of Guards, Etc.— May 19, 1777.
For Guards May 18th 1777. May 19 Guards.
S C F S C P
Capt. Wyckoff — 1 6 1—6
Capt. Hill 1—5 — 1 4
Capt. Champlen — 14 — ^15
Total 1 2 15 1 2 15
Command
Capt. Wyckoff
Capt. Hill Capt. Cliamplert
1 Biicher
6 Artilery 1 Artilery
6 Artilery
4 Fatigue 4 Fatigue
4 Fatigue
1 Black Smith 2 Cooks
4 Cooks
3 Cooks
Total 15
Total 14 . Total 7
7
15
14
Total Aded 36
Public Papers of George Clinton.
831
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832 Public Papers of George Clinton.
[No. 508.]
General Clinton's Instructions to Major Taylor.
Fort Montgomery 19tb May 1777.
Dear Sir,
As my steady Attention at this Post is required to forward
the Works necessary for its Defence, It will be out of my Power
to vissit the Public Works near New Windsor, as often as it
might be necessary & as many Articles may from Time to Time
be wanted for those Works from your Department which woud
be most regularly drawn by my Order; the waiting for which
however in my present Situation would create great Delay, I
must, therefore, desire you will furnish, till further orders, for
the Use of those Works, such Materials as Capt. Bedlow shall
from Time to Time Draw, for taking his Eeceipt for the same,
reporting to Colo. Hughes such articles as you may so deliver,
that he may be apprized thereof «& thereby be enabled to prevent
its interfering with any other Drafts or Orders for such Articles.
He may want a few Pots, Pails &c. for the Use of the Artificers
which youl also deliver as above but no Camp Kettles or Tents.
I am with Regard
Your Most Obed't Serv't,
Geo. Clinton B. Genl.
To Major Taylor.
Public Papers of George Clinton.
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836 Public Papers of George Clinton. , "^
[No. 512.]
GEOEGE CLINTON'S RESIGNATION REFUSED.
New YorTc's Representatives Pass Commendatory Resolutions in His
Honor.
In Convention of the Representatives of the State of
' New York; Kingston May 13th 1777.
RESOLVED, that General Clinton's Resignation be not ac-
cepted of, and that the Council of Safety write to him assigning
the Reasons for this Refusal; and among others, that the high
Sense this Convention entertain of his Abilities to serve his Coun-
try in this important Hour, forbid their compljang with his
Request at present.
Extract from the Minutes.
Robt. Benson Secry.
Kingston May 22d 1777.
Sir,
The Convention shortly before their Dissolution took into Con-
sideration your Letter of the Ninth of May Inst. It was with
Regret that they were informed of your desire to resign your
Command of the militia; and tho' disposed to adopt every meas-
ure agreeable to you, they could not prevail upon themselves at
this critical Juncture to accept your Resignation. By an Order
of which the enclosed is a Copy, they directed this Council to
inform you of the Reasons which influenced them in that Deter-
mination and among others " That the high Sense they enter-
tained of your Abilities to serve your Country in this important
Hour," the Confidence reposed in your Zeal and abilities by the
Militia in General, the Convention just arrived at the time of
its Dissolution, their being undetermined as to the Person proper
to succeed you in that Command, all conspired in inducing them
Public Papers of George Clinton. 837
to request that j^our Kesignation may be postponed for the pres-
ent. It will not be long before the Governm't will be organized
and the Legislature meet, and there is great Reason to believe
you will then be relieved from a Burthen which your necessary
and daily Attention to the Business of your other Department
has rendered inconvenient. In the meantime, Sir, the Council
requests that you Vvdll continue as heretofore to consider the
Militia of Orange, Ulster, Dutchess and Westchester as under
your immediate command,
I am, with great Respect and Esteem Sir
Your most Obedient and very humble Servant
By Order. Pierre Van Cortlandt, Pres'dt.
Brigadier General George Clinton,
[No. 513.]
Tivo Deserters Apprehended.
D'r Sir
I send you By Oolo. Stary two Deserters, Belonging to Colo,
Spenser Regt. of Newjersey, of Capit. James Broderiok Oomp'y
— Taking near Kingston, the named David Conkalton &
Anthoney Berney off the Same Regt. & Company; those Soldiers
has Behaved well & was put In Goal with some Torryes To Dis-
cover some of their Plotts, which I Do Reooimmend for mercey.
I am D'r Sir yours,
Egbert Dumond, Sheriff.
N. B. Your Daughter Caty Remmemiber her Gompl's.
Kingston May 24, 1777.
To' Brigadier Genl. George Clinton.
838 Public Papers op George Clinton. ■ "
[No. 514.]
RENDERING OFFICERS SUPERNUMERARY.
Necessary hy the Failure of the Militia Regiments to Recruit to the
Full Limit.
Fort Miontgiomery 24tb May 1777.
Dear Sir,
From your Rerturn I find the Number of Privates in yonr
Regiment so small & very short of what I had Reason to have
expected they would have been, that I cannot Justify retaining
in Service the Present disproportionate Number of Officers, more
especially as I have but little Hopes of your ^being able to get in
from the Country thoise who ought to join you, faster than you
will decrease in Numbers by Inlistments out of your Corps in the
standing army, the which I woud wish to inconrage & I doubt
not but your Officers will by every Means in their Power. For
these Reasions I must begg that you will dismiss from your Regi-
ment in the Present Service;, all Supernumerary Officers con-
forming as nearly as maybe to the Resolve of the Continental
Congress, fixing the Nuimber of Privates which is tO' compose a
Regiment to be commanded by a Colonel &ca. I am sensible
from; the strong Attachment that the Militia have to their Cap-
tains & Subaltern Officers, you will not ibe able without Injuring
the service to comply exactly with that Resolve, in Respect to
Ooimpanies you will however come as near it as you can. This
will occasion your leaving the Command of the Regt. to your
Lieut. Colo, or Major^ but I know you to well to make any Ap-
poligy to you for directing what I conceive to be my Duty & I am
sure whatever is most agreeable to order & the good of the service
you will cheerfully submit to.
I am with much Eisteem, your most obed't serv't,
Geo. Clinton.
Public Papers of George Clinton. 839
Be kind enough to acquaint Geml. Putnam with the substance
of this Letter which will explain the Reasons of your Officers
returning Home.
[To Col. Graham.]
[No. 515.]
" WITH A RINKEL'D COCKED KNOS."
Lieut. Connolly^s Description of Mr. Cantine and What Led to and
Followed It.
Esopus, May 24th 1777.
S'r,
I have Inlistd six of those young fellows Confin'd aboard of
a brigg at this landing (by the Advice of Some of the Oonvintion),
the Honouerabel house hereing that I had Engaug'd Some & was
in a faare way of getting a great Many more; the Opoint'd a
Committe, Close confin'd those 6, threatin'd me, Oblig'd them to
BetuTiii nue the monies Again, (at the same time gave privit
ordersi to Capt'n Biovier and Left'n Pawling to Inlist them &
those in Goal of which the have Inlis'd 6 of them), but I we'd
Dot-takie it, tout sent it back again with Some old Cloathes & a
barral of beer, forbiddinig them to Inlist with any other. I am
njot Suffer'd to Speake to them; as Soion as I found the wo'd
Inguage, I Aply'd to the Counssel (but first Made sure of these
6) ; the finding I did not belong to the Quotto of this Stiate^ the
wo'd not permite me, but Charge me or Rather Abus'd me for
Doeing what I had Done. I T'old them I Judged I was in the
line of my Dutey but I wo'd Say or Do no more Untill I
Aquaint'd General Clinton; Mr. Contine Answerd with a
Binkel'd Oockt'd Kno®, that he wo'd have General Clinton & me
to knoiw that the Military was Not to Rule Civil, & that I was
840 Public Papers op George Clinton.
Not Judge; the were the Judges; be all that ^s it will, I Intind to
Stay a few Days yet, (Unless I am Call'd) Untill Bevier & Paw-
ling goes Abroad of thoes Vesales to Tnlist. I am to know when
the go. Indeed, the Cant Do much without me, for as I have
Ehgaug'd Some, the rest (as I Siipos) wo'd Lieke to be to'geather ;
a Day or 2 Ago I Inlist'd a man in the Steatehoiuse About 10
O'clock, Amoungest the thick of the Counsell; the Look'd Very
grim at me, but I am Resiolv'd to part with No man that will
Inlist for money. I wo'd been oyer in Dutches County
Amioungest the frightn'd Torries was it not toi See the Event
here. Coll. Snyder is not yet dischang'd; the piublick m Im-
patient to know the Event; if it is given Against him (or Against
the poore as it is Call'd) I dread the Oonsquance. What few Re-
crutes I have got here I'll Send them to your garrisiion by Every
Opertunity. Capt'n Bovier & Mr. Pawling seems Very Desirous
I sho'd Joine their Eegiment if the was a Vacancey; I told them
I Co'd say Nothing to that for Greneral Clinton had the Dissposal
of me — but if the pepol Call'd me out, Capt'n Oh how well it
Wo'd please your Most Obeedant Serv't,
Mich'l Connolly.
To Genrl. Geo. Clinton.
[No. 516.]
Lieutenant MoArtliur Asks George Clinton for the Reason of His
Arrest.
[May 2C, 1777]
New Barracks, Saturday Evening &c.
Sir,
I would be under very great Obligations to you if I could
obtain the Satisfaction of knowing the Necessity of my being
ordered undei' an arrest this Evening, I know no other Reason,
Public Papers of George Clinton. 841
than this, which I think it my particular Duty to Explain to you
at this present time, I being upon the Parade this Evining at
Ketreat, Beating and haveing.Seen part of the Eegiment March
&ca. I happened Unluckily to observe the Sergent Major, Strike
a person very hard with a Stick, which I thought at the same
time to be Eather inhuman, and by what I can understand, I
am suspected of incourageing Soldiers for what I do not know;
all that I would say, that they or Whoever it is, that Can by any
means Suspect me for Incourageing Soldiers to Disobey Orders
would bring or send in their Kespective Crimes &c.
From Sir Your Hhble Serv't,
Alexand'r McArthur.
His Excellency General George Clinton, Esqr.
842
Public Papers of George Clinton.
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PuRLic Papers of Gjeorgb Clinton.
[No. 523.y- Concluded.
Jieturns of Ordnance Stores at Fort Montgomery. — May 2^, 1777,
A return of Stors now in this fort said to be from on Board the
Galies By order of General Geoi'ge Clinton I here By lietnrn them.
32 Poundei- Paper Cartridgs
9 eounder Ditto D
Boxs with Swivel Cartrlg
Boxes with Som Sraal arm Cartridges
Smal Caskes with Som Powder
Broad Swoard & Cut Lashes
Pistels
Blunder Bushes
Muskeds
Rousty Bayaneds
Bells
58
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8
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6
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8
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3
13
Sheales
71
19
1
Lances
21
Rrtnrn of Stors Received from fort Independence Lent. Gano
of Artilery May 21tli 1777.
Cannon 6 Pounder on Garison Cariage
4
wads
Beds & Coins
4
w't Slow match
hand Spieks
8
Powder horns
Spungs & Ramers of Each 2
4
Priming wairs
worms 2 & Ladels 1
3
Sets of mans harness
paper Cartridges for 6 P filled
33
Linch Stocks
Round Shot for 6 P
40
Port fire fore
Tube Boxes
2
Tubes
Pinchers
1
Gimblets
Port fire stock
1
Spunges taekea
4
50
4
350
Stors Delivered to Deferent Eigt. and Exspcnded by Capt.
Moodie of Coll. Lamb's Bigt.
May 19 Trying Bearing of Cannon & Powder 5 Cartridges for
32 Po dr 5 : 32 Pound shot, 10 wadds for
Ditto ; 1 Cartridge for
13 Po'dr 1 : 12 Pound Shot 2 wadds
May 28 To Capt Lockwood of Coll. Lamb's Rigt.
Junkes for wadds 103 w't
No. Port fires 16
No. Llnch stocks 2
Erors Excepted.
Daniel Neven Conductor of Stors.
Public PArERS of George Clinton. 849
[No. 524.]
Lieut. Gillet Ordered to Arrest Richard Snedeker.
Fort Montgomeiy 29th May 1777.
Sir,
It being represented to me that Richard Snedeker, Esqr. who
was formerly sent to New England to be confined there for Trea-
sonable Practices ag't this State, afterwards returned Home &
in Consequence of a Resolve of Convention for that Purpose ob-
tained a pass to go in to the City of New York, under pretext
thereof, left his Familly & usual Place of Residence at Pough-
keepsie & went to Haverstraw where he has since remained con-
cealed, spreading his Bauefull Influence among his Friends &
others in that Neighbourhood; Yon are, therefore, desired to ap-
prehend said Snedecker & send him under Secure Conduct to
Head Quarters at Peek's Kill, The Council of Safety at Kingston
or the Commissioners for detecting Conspiracies at Poughkeepsie
with a Copy of this order.
I am your most Obed't Serv't,
Geo. Clinton, B. Genl.
To Lieut. Gillet.
[No. 525.]
TO GET OUT THE SOLDIERS VOTE.
Christopher Tappen Submits a Plan to General Clinton.
D'r Brother,
My Indisposition has prevented me to write to you for some
Days past, only the few lines I scroul'd with the Copj of Evi-
dence against Jones. I herewith send you a Copy of the Facts
and Resolutions in the Case of Collo. Snyder &c. I will not at
this Time assign to you the proves on which the Facts are found-
54
850 Public Papers of George Clinton.
ed, it wou'd perhaps be imprudent; if not, ani sure of this that my
Health will not permit me my Head is so Sore with a fasher that
I can hardly think or write.
I also inclose to you a Dedimus post'm for Mr. Samuel Brewster
which you will be pleased to transmit to him. I hope you will
git yourself qualified as Clerk for the County as soon as you con-
venient can. People are Daily call'g on me for one Thing & an-
other w'th which they cannot be furnished — the Secrataries in-
formed me that a Petition from a number of Officers at Fort
Montgomery had been Rec'd by the Council of Safety — that it is
a Subject of great Dispute whether the Prayer, thereof, shall be
Granted — nothing can be more reasonable then, that those who
are by an Express command of the Convention drawn from their
Domestick Business shou'd notwithstanding be Entitled to their
•priviledges as Freeman — this position is plain and wants no Dem-
onstration, but now the question recurrs to me How? To ap-
point Commissioners for taken the Votes there, wou'd perhaps
be doing injustice to many other Subject of the State, in the same
predicament; with those in the Highlands — to make it general
wou'd perhaps be a Stretch of power in the Council — for my part,
I can think of no other Remedy for those Gent'm than by Re-
lieves which may be done with little difficulty — for Instance, ^'A"
can give his vote at New Burgh & take the place of " B " the same
Day and so on. If the Council shou'd not grant the prayer of
the s'd petition, and you shou'd agree with me in this plan I will
Endeavour to get the same Executed.
I am D'r Bro. Yours Affectionately,
Chris't'r Tappen.
May 29th 1777.
To The Hon'ble Brigideer Genl. George. Clinton, Fort Mont-
gomery
Public Papers of George Clinton. 851
[No. 526.]
DIFFICULTY OF RAISING CASH.
Capt. Bedlow^s Complaint to Gen. Clinton — Difficulties in Prosecut-
ing the Works for the Defence of the Hudson.
New Windsor May 30th 1777.
Dear S'r,
I returned yesterday noon from Esopus where I was detained
till Wednessday noon before I could be dispatched by the Com-
mittee of Safety, owing to some difficulty started, (as Mr. Gilb't
Livingston Informed me), in supplying me with any more Cash,
saying they did not understand to be made pursers for the Con-
tinent & to have their Treasurey drained; and as amaising Sums
had already been advanced by this State their Accts. on settle-
ment might be objected to. I told Mr. Livingston I tho't it of
the utmost Consequence to have the Accts, for the present month
paid of, for should I return without money, the artificers &c.
would consequently quit the works »& all that had been already
don would be so much hove away & perhaps no getting to
geather again this season, such a number of artificers, & what a
handle it would give our Enemies, on hearing this Important
work was quited for want of Cash to pay the work men; that If
they would not advance any more cash after this month you
would then have time to fix it in some other Channell. I at last
obtained an order for £2500.
Capt. Machin haveing given me a loug list of articles wanted
for the works I applyed to the Committee of Safety for such of
them as I tho't they -might furnish me with there. Mr. Gilb't
Livingston was appointed to goe with me on Board a Brig in the
Creek to see if any Riggen there would suit; by spliceing sundry
peices of New Rope we made out 160 fathom of fiv6 Inch, which
852 Public Papers of George Clinton.
is mucli wanted for a Fall to raise the Chavpux de Frise with.
I find that things here are also goeing wrong. Yesterday the
workmen had no provissions; w^e have no Iron for the works, as
Brewster Exspects £20 pr. Ton, for drawing over our large Iron
& Capt. Machin not chuseing to allow so much, he has stopt work-
ing up any more for us.
I tho't proper to acquaint you early with the above perticulers
to Inable you to have it settled; in Regard to Iron the work must
stand still if we have not some soon; should I procure it thro a
new Channell those Acets. might be refused. Except an order
from you for so doeing.
I send Inclosed a list for your perusual, of the articles Capt.
Machin Intended, for the which I know not were to apply for. 1
think the demand for carpenter's Tools Extravegant, & that were
they have such High wages they ought to find their own Tools
or pay for them when found for them. Narrow axes we are much
in want of; be so good as to send me the list back again.
I had the pleasure of seeing Miss Caty Clinton in Health. Mr.
Tappa I left but poorly, he had been very 111 the day I gott to
Esopus with an Impostum in his Head, which had broke & was
discharging at his Nose & mouth.
Mrs. Bedlow Joyns me in our best regards & warmest wishes
for Your Health.
I am D'r S'r,
Your Humb. Serv't,
William Bedlow.
To Brig'r Genl. George Clinton.
Public Papers of George Clinton. 853
[No. 527.]
Gapt. Jacob Wood Yindicated.
Fort Montgomery 31st May 1777.
A Court of Inquirj^ ordered by Genl. George Clinton Whereof
Lieut. Colo. McClaghry is President.
Present — Members.
Major Hogliteling Lieut. Johnson
Capt. De Witt Lieut. V. Ancer
Capt. Falkner Lieut. Rosecrance
Capt. Hardenburgh Lieut. Monnel
Capt. Tilford Lieut. Moffat
Lieut. Hunter Lieut. Hardenburgh
Capt. Concklin Judge Advocate.
The members being Duly sworn also the President.
Capt. Jacob Wood being Brought before the Court and Charg'd
by Elijah Lewis for Disobeying Orders and Partiallity in Draft-
ing his Qato of men for the Present Service.
After hearing the Alligations and Evidences it Appears to the
Court that Capt. Jacob Wood has been Malitiously and Wrong-
fully Us'd and that he has Discharg'd his Duty as a Good and
faithfull Officer agreeable to his Orders.
James McClaghry, L. Coll.
Presadent.
[No. 528.]
PARSIMONY OF COMMITTEE OF SAFETY.
Oapt. Bedlow^s Criticisms on the Delay and Policy in Constructing
the Worlis Along the Hudson.
New Windsor June 1st 1777.
Dear S'r,
Your Favor by Major Pawlin I have Received, and think your
observations therein too true, as I have myself Experianced from
854 Public Papers op George) Clinton.
the first begining to Fortify the High Lands, had not an 111
Judged Parcity generally taken place in the proceedings of our
Convention, this River would now have been secure from any
Enemy by Land or water. I shall follow your orders respecting
my accts. & Capt. Machin's Return of Works finished, with Esti-
mate what will be the cost to compleat the same.
I would beg leave to take notice that I am apprehensive the
£2500 I drew last, will not pay of this month's pay Rolls, as I find
there has been an addition of Hands this month which had I
known I would have asked for £3000, so that we shall unavoiad-
able run into a nother month, unless we Immediatley stop, which I
should be very sorry, should be the case now; we are, as I think
got thro' our greates Difficulties with the works & must Exspect
fine weather to assist us; this Joyned with the oppinion I have
of this work (when compleated) being Effective to obstruct the
Navigation of the river here, it gives me Pain to find you have
had from the very first, so many hindrances from a Quarter that
ought to have exerted every Nerve to assist you, let what will
Happen, your character will stand the Test of calumly it self, &
every one will know were the Blame must rest; I flatter my self
that the Committee of Safety will reflect a little on the conse-
quence before they absolutely refuse to advance any more cash
for the works here. Mr.McKisson told me he was much surprised
at their conduct; that they had undertaken this Business of them-
selves; had no Letters from Continential Congress respecting the
ordering of it (which was what they wanted to see before they
resolved to order my Request for cash), and that it was approved
of by Genl. Washington; therefore, should it cost £100,000, they
were bound to supply the same.
Public Papers of George Clinton. 855
Major Taylor is removed to JSTewbery & by what I learn has no
Iron. Mrs. Bedlow & self are unhappy to hear you have been
Indisposed ; hope in God you are now releived from soe dangerous
a complaint; our warmest wishes for your Health.
William Bedlow.
To Brig'r Genl. George Clinton Commandant of The Fortifica-
tions In High Lands
I am D'r S'r,
Your Humb'e Serv't,
William Bedlow.
[No. 529.]
STATE OF THE COMMITTEE OF SAFETY.
A Programme Which the People Failed to Ratify, However.
Kingston 2d June 1777.
Sir,
As Committees from the Counties of Orange, Ulster and Dutch-
ess are to meet at New Windsor Tomorrow, for the Important
Purpose of agreeing on the Men proper to fill the great OflQces
of Government We take the Liberty of communicating to you
our Sentiments on that Subject in full Confidence that should
they concur with your own you will exert yourself in giving them
Influence. Genl. Schuyler arrived here last Evening, and has
communicated to us divers Resolves of Congress establishing him
in the Command of the Northern Department and doing full and
ample Justice to his Eeputation. They will be published in
Loudon's next Paper.
We are of Opinion that the Genl. will have many Votes in the
Upper counties. There is no Doubt of his accepting the Office
and we are unanimous in recommending him to you as Governor,
and Genl. George Clinton as Lieut. Gov'r.
856 Public Papers of George Clinton.
Our Constitution is universally approved , -and does Honor to
our State. Let us not loose our Credit in committing the Govern-
ment of it to men inadequate to the Task. These Gentlemen are
respectable Abroad, their Attachment to the Cause is confessed
& their Abillities unquestionable. Let us endeavour to be as
unanimous as possible. Interest is making for others; But we
hope Care will be taken to frustrate the Ambitious Views of
those who have neither Stabillity, uniformity or Sobriety to
recommend them.
We are Sir your Most Obed't Serv'ts,
John Jay,
Ch's De Witt,
Zepheniah Piatt,
Mathew Cantine,
Christ'r Tappen.
P. S. Unless the Sentiments of the Majority should be very
ob^ ious, avoid binding 3'ourself to abide their Determination.
Public Papers of George Clinton.
857
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N
Hew. jLQik _XS t a t e)L,. Governor 1777-1795
I (George Clinton)
Public papers of George Clinton, first
governor of New York, 1777-1795, 1801-1804.
lOv.l State of New York, 1899-1914.
186411 v.l
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